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  • Toon/cel shading with variable line width?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I see a few broad approaches out there to doing cel shading: Duplication & enlargement of model with flipped normals (not an option for me) Sobel filter / fragment shader approaches to edge detection Stencil buffer approaches to edge detection Geometry (or vertex) shader approaches that calculate face and edge normals Am I correct in assuming the geometry-centric approach gives the greatest amount of control over lighting and line thickness, as well eg. for terrain where you might see the silhouette line of a hill merging gradually into a plain? What if I didn't need pixel lighting on my terrain surfaces? (And I probably won't as I plan to use cell-based vertex- or texturemap-based lighting/shadowing.) Would I then be better off sticking with the geometry-type approach, or go for a screen space / fragment approach instead to keep things simpler? If so, how would I get the "inking" of hills within the mesh silhouette, rather than only the outline of the entire mesh (with no "ink" details inside that outline? Lastly, is it possible to cheaply emulate the flipped-normals approach, using a geometry shader? Is that exactly what the GS approaches do? What I want - varying line thickness with intrusive lines inside the silhouette... What I don't want...

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  • How to efficiently map tokens to code in a script interpreter?

    - by lithander
    I'm writing an interpreter for a simple scripting language where each line is a complete, executable command. (Like the instructions in assembler) When parsing a line I have to map the requested command to actual code. My current solution looks like this: std::string op, param1, param2; //parse line, identify op, param1, param2 ... //call command specific code if(op == "MOV") ExecuteMov(AsNumber(param1)); else if(op == "ROT") ExecuteRot(AsNumber(param1)); else if(op == "SZE") ExecuteSze(AsNumber(param1)); else if(op == "POS") ExecutePos((AsNumber(param1), AsNumber(param2)); else if(op == "DIR") ExecuteDir((AsNumber(param1), AsNumber(param2)); else if(op == "SET") ExecuteSet(param1, AsNumber(param2)); else if(op == "EVL") ... The more commands are supported the more string comparisions I'll have to do to identify and call the associated method. Can you point me to a more efficient implementation in the described scenario?

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  • Libnoise producing completely random noise

    - by Doodlemeat
    I am using libnoise in C++ taken and I have some problems with getting coherent noise. I mean, the noise produced now are completely random and it doesn't look like a noise. Here's a to the image produced by my game. I am diving the map into several chunks, but I can't seem to find any problem doing that since libnoise supports tileable noise. The code can be found below. Every chunk is 8x8 tiles large. Every tile is 64x64 pixels. I am also providing a link to download the entire project. It was made in Visual Studio 2013. Download link This is the code for generating a chunk Chunk *World::loadChunk(sf::Vector2i pPosition) { sf::Vector2i chunkPos = pPosition; pPosition.x *= mChunkTileSize.x; pPosition.y *= mChunkTileSize.y; sf::FloatRect bounds(static_cast<sf::Vector2f>(pPosition), sf::Vector2f(static_cast<float>(mChunkTileSize.x), static_cast<float>(mChunkTileSize.y))); utils::NoiseMap heightMap; utils::NoiseMapBuilderPlane heightMapBuilder; heightMapBuilder.SetSourceModule(mNoiseModule); heightMapBuilder.SetDestNoiseMap(heightMap); heightMapBuilder.SetDestSize(mChunkTileSize.x, mChunkTileSize.y); heightMapBuilder.SetBounds(bounds.left, bounds.left + bounds.width - 1, bounds.top, bounds.top + bounds.height - 1); heightMapBuilder.Build(); Chunk *chunk = new Chunk(this); chunk->setPosition(chunkPos); chunk->buildChunk(&heightMap); chunk->setTexture(&mTileset); mChunks.push_back(chunk); return chunk; } This is the code for building the chunk void Chunk::buildChunk(utils::NoiseMap *pHeightMap) { // Resize the tiles space mTiles.resize(pHeightMap->GetWidth()); for (int x = 0; x < mTiles.size(); x++) { mTiles[x].resize(pHeightMap->GetHeight()); } // Set vertices type and size mVertices.setPrimitiveType(sf::Quads); mVertices.resize(pHeightMap->GetWidth() * pHeightMap->GetWidth() * 4); // Get the offset position of all tiles position sf::Vector2i tileSize = mWorld->getTileSize(); sf::Vector2i chunkSize = mWorld->getChunkSize(); sf::Vector2f offsetPositon = sf::Vector2f(mPosition); offsetPositon.x *= chunkSize.x; offsetPositon.y *= chunkSize.y; // Build tiles for (int x = 0; x < mTiles.size(); x++) { for (int y = 0; y < mTiles[x].size(); y++) { // Sometimes libnoise can return a value over 1.0, better be sure to cap the top and bottom.. float heightValue = pHeightMap->GetValue(x, y); if (heightValue > 1.f) heightValue = 1.f; if (heightValue < -1.f) heightValue = -1.f; // Instantiate a new Tile object with the noise value, this doesn't do anything yet.. mTiles[x][y] = new Tile(this, pHeightMap->GetValue(x, y)); // Get a pointer to the current tile's quad sf::Vertex *quad = &mVertices[(y + x * pHeightMap->GetWidth()) * 4]; quad[0].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + x * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + y * tileSize.y); quad[1].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + (x + 1) * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + y * tileSize.y); quad[2].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + (x + 1) * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + (y + 1) * tileSize.y); quad[3].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + x * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + (y + 1) * tileSize.y); // find out which type of tile to render, atm only air or stone TileStop *tilestop = mWorld->getTileStopAt(heightValue); sf::Vector2i texturePos = tilestop->getTexturePosition(); // define its 4 texture coordinates quad[0].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x, texturePos.y); quad[1].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x + 64, texturePos.y); quad[2].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x + 64, texturePos.y + 64); quad[3].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x, texturePos.y + 64); } } } All the code that uses libnoise in some way are World.cpp, World.h and Chunk.cpp, Chunk.h in the project.

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  • Huge procedurally generated 'wilderness' worlds

    - by The Communist Duck
    I'm sure you all know of games like Dwarf Fortress - massive, procedural generated wilderness and land. Something like this, taken from this very useful article. However, I was wondering how I could apply this to a much larger scale; the scale of Minecraft comes to mind (isn't that something like 8x the size of the Earth's surface?). Pseudo-infinite, I think the best term would be. The article talks about fractal perlin noise. I am no way an expert on it, but I get the general idea (it's some kind of randomly generated noise which is semi-coherent, so not just random pixel values). I could just define regions X by X in size, add some region loading type stuff, and have one bit of noise generating a region. But this would result in just huge amounts of islands. On the other extreme, I don't think I can really generate a supermassive sheet of perlin noise. And it would just be one big island, I think. I am pretty sure Perlin noise, or some noise, would be the answer in some way. I mean, the map is really nice looking. And you could replace the ascii with tiles, and get something very nice looking. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks. :D

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  • What does SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, 0) in DirectX mean?

    - by Vite Falcon
    I'm trying to convert some DirectX code to Ogre3D and was wondering what the following translates to: pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX, 0) pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE) pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_MODULATE) pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, 0) What is the modulation operation happening here? Is the texture getting modulated with the background? Or is it getting zeroed? I've tried searching for what this means and unfortunately I haven't come across anything meaningful. Any help to shed light on this matter will be much appreciated.

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  • C++ OpenGL wireframe cube rendering blank

    - by caleb.breckon
    I'm just trying to draw a bunch of lines that make up a "cube". I can't for the life of me figure out why this is producing a black screen. The debugger does not break at any point. I'm sure it's a problem with my pointers, as I'm only decent at them in regular c++ and in OpenGL it gets even worse. const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); //glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( indices ), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); }

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  • Modern Shader Book?

    - by Michael Stum
    I'm interested in learning about Shaders: What are they, when/for what would I use them, and how to use them. (Specifically I'm interested in Water and Bloom effects, but I know close to 0 about Shaders, so I need a general introduction). I saw a lot of books that are a couple of years old, so I don't know if they still apply. I'm targeting XNA 4.0 at the moment (which I believe means HLSL Shaders for Shader Model 4.0), but anything that generally targets DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4 is helpful I guess.

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  • Unity Occlusion Portals: What and How?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    (Here I eat my words on Meta about posting Unity questions on Unity Answers... since that site is less responsive than this one.) Unity provides cell-based Occlusion Culling (via Umbra, I believe). However, a newer feature that it supports is Occlusion Portals. The question is, if BSP-based occlusion culling is already a feature of Unity, what do portals add, and how? PS. This question is not "What are portals?" -- I'm aware of the original Quake BSP-style portals -- which is partly why I find the explicit portal concept in Unity odd, since it uses BSP anyway.

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  • Do leaderboard sets (in Game Center) allow 500 unique leaderboards?

    - by Korey Hinton
    The Game Kit Programming Guide for iOS claims: The number of different leaderboards allowed increases to 500 leaderboards per game when leaderboard sets have been enabled...Leaderboard sets offer developers the ability to combine several leaderboards into a single group. But their example (see image below) implies that a single leaderboard is placed into multiple leaderboard sets. Is that the only way to be able to use the full 500 leaderboards? by combining the same leaderboard into multiple sets? I want to be able to have 500 unique leaderboards that are not duplicated between sets. Is this possible?

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  • Stencil buffer appears to not be decrementing values correctly

    - by Alex Ames
    I'm attempting to use the stencil buffer as a clipper for my UI system, but I'm having trouble debugging a problem I'm running in to. This is what I'm doing: A widget can pass a rectangle to the the stencil clipper functions, which will increment the stencil buffer values that it covers. Then it will draw its children, which will only get drawn in the stencilled area (so that if they extend outside they'll be clipped). After a widget is done drawing its children, it pops that rectangle from the stack and in the process decrements the values in the stencil buffer that it has previously incremented. The slightly simplified code is below: static void drawStencil(Rect& rect, unsigned int ref) { // Save previous values of the color and depth masks GLboolean colorMask[4]; GLboolean depthMask; glGetBooleanv(GL_COLOR_WRITEMASK, colorMask); glGetBooleanv(GL_DEPTH_WRITEMASK, &depthMask); // Turn off drawing glColorMask(0, 0, 0, 0); glDepthMask(0); // Draw vertices here ... // Turn everything back on glColorMask(colorMask[0], colorMask[1], colorMask[2], colorMask[3]); glDepthMask(depthMask); // Only render pixels in areas where the stencil buffer value == ref glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, ref, 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP); } void pushScissor(Rect rect) { // increment things only at the current stencil stack level glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, s_scissorStack.size(), 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_INCR, GL_INCR); s_scissorStack.push_back(rect); drawStencil(rect, states, s_ScissorStack.size()); } void popScissor() { // undo what was done in the previous push, // decrement things only at the current stencil stack level glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, s_scissorStack.size(), 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_DECR, GL_DECR); Rect rect = s_scissorStack.back(); s_scissorStack.pop_back(); drawStencil(rect, states, s_scissorStack.size()); } And this is how it's being used by the Widgets if (m_clip) pushScissor(m_rect); drawInternal(target, states); for (auto child : m_children) target.draw(*child, states); if (m_clip) popScissor(); This is the result of the above code: There are two things on the screen, a giant test button, and a window with some buttons and text areas on it. The text area scroll box is set to clip its children (so that the text doesn't extend outside the scroll box). The button is drawn after the window and should be on top of it completely. However, for some reason the text area is appearing on top of the button. The only reason I can think of that this would happen is if the stencil values were not getting decremented in the pop, and when it comes time to render the button, since those pixels don't have the right stencil value it doesn't draw over. But I can't figure out whats wrong with my code that would cause that to happen.

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  • Cocos2d/Cocos2d-x Attaching an arrow (sprite) to another body sprite (person)

    - by Satchmo Brown
    I am trying to set up a simple bow and arrow game. When the arrow hits the enemy body, the arrow's body is deleted and the arrow sprite continues to update, keeping the position correct in relation to the enemy it hit. Picture an arrow sticking into a body and that body still rotating and moving. My problem is that the rotation is completely wrong when the enemy rotates. I know how to do this in 3d with matrix transformation but I can't seem to figure it out in 2d with Cocos. Here is my method. I save offset at which the arrow hit the enemy. Every frame, I make the rotation of the sprite match the rotation of the enemy. Then, I apply the offset I took initially which is where the arrow hit the enemy. When they rotate, they rotate about their respective anchors and I am wondering if I need to set the anchor of the arrow to the center of the sprite. Does anyone know of an easy way to do this. If not, I will try to create an algorithm where the anchor is set to the offset divided by the width and height of the sprite image hopefully giving me the correct anchor values. Then I assume I need to reposition the sprite. Does anyone have a simpler way to do this?

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  • Is it possible to calculate or mathematically prove if a game is balanced / fair?

    - by Lurca
    This question is not focussed on video games but games in general. I went to a boardgame trade fair yesterday and asked myself if there is a way to calculate the fairness of a game. Sure, some of them require a good portion of luck, but it might be possible to calculate if some character is overpowered. Especially in role-playing games and trading card games. How, for example, can the creators of "Magic: The Gathering" make sure that there isn't the "one card that beats them all", given the impressive number of available cards?

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  • 3D/perspective Top down shooter bullet issues

    - by Tseng
    I'm developing a top-down shooter with multiple levels (ground for ground units, middle level for buildings, top level for air unity). The problem is the collision. Though I can make the collider box of a bullet be long enough to reach the ground (and collide with it), the real issue is optical. When the bullet is fired from a aircraft and collides with some object on the ground (building, ground unit) it will be optically offset due to the perspective camera, because it looks like the shot "by-passed" the target as seen below Is there any way to make the bullets collide perspectively correct? I'm using Unity3d Engine and it offers only simple colliders (box, sphere, cylinder, mesh and wheel), though I don't think a cone-formed collider would solve this issue. I'd need a (cheap) way to check if it's overlapping a destructible object? I thought of casting a ray from the camera through the bullet and if it hits something destructible, trigger an action, but that's quite punctual and maybe to performance heavy on certain number of bullets

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  • Scanline filling of polygons that share edges and vertices

    - by Belgin
    In this picture (a perspective projection of an icosahedron), the scanline (red) intersects that vertex at the top. In an icosahedron each edge belongs to two triangles. From edge a, only one triangle is visible, the other one is in the back. Same for edge d. Also, in order to determine what color the current pixel should be, each polygon has a flag which can either be 'in' or 'out', depending upon where on the scanline we currently are. Flags are flipped according to the intersection of the scanline with the edges. Now, as we go from a to d (because all edges are intersected with the scanline at that vertex), this happens: the triangle behind triangle 1 and triangle 1 itself are set 'in', then 2 is set in and 1 is 'out', then 3 is set 'in', 2 is 'out' and finally 3 is 'out' and the one behind it is set 'in', which is not the desired behavior because we only need the triangles which are facing us to be set 'in', the rest should be 'out'. How do process the edges in the Active Edge List (a list of edges that are currently intersected by the scanline) so the right polys are set 'in'? Also, I should mention that the edges are unique, which means there exists an array of edges in the data structure of the icosahedron which are pointed to by edge pointers in each of the triangles.

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  • Voice artist for a game for kids

    - by devmiles.com
    We're making a game for kids which should include about 50 spoken phrases. I'm asking for help in finding the right voice artist / studio for this. I've tried searching the web but couldn't find anything that would make me sure that it would work for us or games in general. So I'm looking for references from those of you who had a successful collaboration with artists or studios. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Applying Textures to Hexagonal Tiles Seamlessly

    - by PATRY
    I'm doing a tactical game (X-Com / Fallout style) for fun. I've decided to use a hexagonal map, but I'm having a graphic problem. My current map display is HUD-like, with only the border of the map cells displayed, without any texture. it's simple and allow for display of different types of informations by varying the color of the border. For exemple the "danger view mode" displays the borders with a color going from green (no damage possible) to red (prob of damage 90%). Now, It's a bit hard to differentiate the kind of tile the player is on. I could put a plain color (green is grass, pale blue is water...), but this is going to limit the possibilities. Thus, i would like to display a texture on my tiles. Since the map are generated, i can not use a picture for the whole map with the HUD over. So, my question is : does any one knows how i could generate the sealess hexagonal textures (algo or plugin), or if there is a site with some hexagonal tiles ?

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  • What exactly can shaders be used for?

    - by Bane
    I'm not really a 3D person, and I've only used shaders a little in some Three.js examples, and so far I've got an impression that they are only being used for the graphical part of the equation. Although, the (quite cryptic) Wikipedia article and some other sources lead me to believe that they can be used for more than just graphical effects, ie, to program the GPU (Wikipedia). So, the GPU is still a processor, right? With a larger and a different instruction set for easier and faster vector manipulation, but still a processor. Can I use shaders to make regular programs (provided I've got access to the video memory, which is probable)? Edit: regular programs == "Applications", ie create windows/console programs, or at least have some way of drawing things on the screen, maybe even taking user input.

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  • How can I factor momentum into my space sim?

    - by Josh Petite
    I am trying my hand at creating a simple 2d physics engine right now, and I'm running into some problems figuring out how to incorporate momentum into movement of a spaceship. If I am moving in a given direction at a certain velocity, I am able to currently update the position of my ship easily (Position += Direction * Velocity). However, if the ship rotates at all, and I recalculate the direction (based on the new angle the ship is facing), and accelerate in that direction, how can I take momentum into account to alter the "line" that the ship travels? Currently the ship changes direction instantaneously and continues at its current velocity in that new direction when I press the thrust button. I want it to be a more gradual turning motion so as to give the impression that the ship itself has some mass. If there is already a nice post on this topic I apologize, but nothing came up in my searches. Let me know if any more information is needed, but I'm hoping someone can easily tell me how I can throw mass * velocity into my game loop update.

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  • dynamic 2d texture creation in unity from script

    - by gman
    I'm coming from HTML5 and I'm used to having the 2D Canvas API I can use to generate textures. Is there anything similar in Unity3D? For example, let's say at runtime I want to render a circle, put 3 initials in the middle and then take the result and put that in a texture. In HTML5 I'd do this var initials = "GAT"; var textureWidth = 256; var textureHeight = 256; // create a canvas var c = document.createElement("canvas"); c.width = textureWidth; c.height = textureHeight; var ctx = c.getContext("2d"); // Set the origin to the center of the canvas ctx.translate(textureWidth / 2, textureHeight / 2); // Draw a yellow circle ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(255,255,0)"; // yellow ctx.beginPath(); var radius = (Math.min(textureWidth, textureHeight) - 2) / 2; ctx.arc(0, 0, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2, true); ctx.fill(); // Draw some black initials in the middle. ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,0)"; ctx.font = "60pt Arial"; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.fillText(initials, 0, 30); // now I can make a texture from that var tex = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex); gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, c); gl.generateMipmap(gl.TEXTURE_2D); I know I can edit individual pixels in a Unity texture but is there any higher level API for drawing to texture in unity?

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  • Need Guidance Making HTML5 Canvas Game Engine

    - by Scriptonaut
    So I have some free time this winter break and want to build a simple 2d HTML5 canvas game engine. Mostly a physics engine that will dictate the way objects move and interact(collisions, etc). I made a basic game here: http://caidenhome.com/HTML%205/pong.html and would like to make more, and thought that this would be a good reason to make a simple framework for this stuff. Here are some questions: Does the scripting language have to be Javascript? What about Ruby? I will probably write it with jQuery because of the selecting powers, but I'm curious either way. Are there any great guides you guys know of? I want a fast guide that will help me bust out this engine sometime in the next 2 weeks, hopefully sooner. What are some good conventions I should be aware of? What's the best way to get sound? At the moment I'm using something like this: var audioElement = document.createElement('audio'); audioElement.setAttribute('src', 'paddle_col.wav'); audioElement.load(); I'm interested in making this engine lightweight and extremely efficient, I will do whatever it takes to get great speeds and processing power. I know this question is fairly vague, but I just need a push in the right direction. Thanks :)

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  • Physics System ignores collision in some rare cases

    - by Gajoo
    I've been developing a simple physics engine for my game. since the game physics is very simple I've decided to increase accuracy a little bit. Instead of formal integration methods like fourier or RK4, I'm directly computing the results after delta time "dt". based on the very first laws of physics : dx = 0.5 * a * dt^2 + v0 * dt dv = a * dt where a is acceleration and v0 is object's previous velocity. Also to handle collisions I've used a method which is somehow different from those I've seen so far. I'm detecting all the collision in the given time frame, stepping the world forward to the nearest collision, resolving it and again check for possible collisions. As I said the world consist of very simple objects, so I'm not loosing any performance due to multiple collision checking. First I'm checking if the ball collides with any walls around it (which is working perfectly) and then I'm checking if it collides with the edges of the walls (yellow points in the picture). the algorithm seems to work without any problem except some rare cases, in which the collision with points are ignored. I've tested everything and all the variables seem to be what they should but after leaving the system work for a minute or two the system the ball passes through one of those points. Here is collision portion of my code, hopefully one of you guys can give me a hint where to look for a potential bug! void PhysicalWorld::checkForPointCollision(Vec2 acceleration, PhysicsComponent& ball, Vec2& collisionNormal, float& collisionTime, Vec2 target) { // this function checks if there will be any collision between a circle and a point // ball contains informations about the circle (it's current velocity, position and radius) // collisionNormal is an output variable // collisionTime is also an output varialbe // target is the point I want to check for collisions Vec2 V = ball.mVelocity; Vec2 A = acceleration; Vec2 P = ball.mPosition - target; float wallWidth = mMap->getWallWidth() / (mMap->getWallWidth() + mMap->getHallWidth()) / 2; float r = ball.mRadius / (mMap->getWallWidth() + mMap->getHallWidth()); // r is ball radius scaled to match actual rendered object. if (A.any()) // todo : I need to first correctly solve the collisions in case there is no acceleration return; if (V.any()) // if object is not moving there will be no collisions! { float D = P.x * V.y - P.y * V.x; float Delta = r*r*V.length2() - D*D; if(Delta < eps) return; Delta = sqrt(Delta); float sgnvy = V.y > 0 ? 1: (V.y < 0?-1:0); Vec2 c1(( D*V.y+sgnvy*V.x*Delta) / V.length2(), (-D*V.x+fabs(V.y)*Delta) / V.length2()); Vec2 c2(( D*V.y-sgnvy*V.x*Delta) / V.length2(), (-D*V.x-fabs(V.y)*Delta) / V.length2()); float t1 = (c1.x - P.x) / V.x; float t2 = (c2.x - P.x) / V.x; if(t1 > eps && t1 <= collisionTime) { collisionTime = t1; collisionNormal = c1; } if(t2 > eps && t2 <= collisionTime) { collisionTime = t2; collisionNormal = c2; } } } // this function should step the world forward by dt. it doesn't check for collision of any two balls (components) // it just checks if there is a collision between the current component and 4 points forming a rectangle around it. void PhysicalWorld::step(float dt) { for (unsigned i=0;i<mObjects.size();i++) { PhysicsComponent &current = *mObjects[i]; Vec2 acceleration = current.mForces * current.mInvMass; float rt=dt; // stores how much more the world should advance while(rt > eps) { float collisionTime = rt; Vec2 collisionNormal = Vec2(0,0); float halfWallWidth = mMap->getWallWidth() / (mMap->getWallWidth() + mMap->getHallWidth()) / 2; // we check if there is any collision with any of those 4 points around the ball // if there is a collision both collisionNormal and collisionTime variables will change // after these functions collisionTime will be exactly the value of nearest collision (if any) // and if there was, collisionNormal will report in which direction the ball should return. checkForPointCollision(acceleration,current,collisionNormal,collisionTime,Vec2(floor(current.mPosition.x) + halfWallWidth,floor(current.mPosition.y) + halfWallWidth)); checkForPointCollision(acceleration,current,collisionNormal,collisionTime,Vec2(floor(current.mPosition.x) + halfWallWidth, ceil(current.mPosition.y) - halfWallWidth)); checkForPointCollision(acceleration,current,collisionNormal,collisionTime,Vec2( ceil(current.mPosition.x) - halfWallWidth,floor(current.mPosition.y) + halfWallWidth)); checkForPointCollision(acceleration,current,collisionNormal,collisionTime,Vec2( ceil(current.mPosition.x) - halfWallWidth, ceil(current.mPosition.y) - halfWallWidth)); // either if there is a collision or if there is not we step the forward since we are sure there will be no collision before collisionTime current.mPosition += collisionTime * (collisionTime * acceleration * 0.5 + current.mVelocity); current.mVelocity += collisionTime * acceleration; // if the ball collided with anything collisionNormal should be at least none zero in one of it's axis if (collisionNormal.any()) { collisionNormal *= Dot(collisionNormal, current.mVelocity) / collisionNormal.length2(); current.mVelocity -= 2 * collisionNormal; // simply reverse velocity along collision normal direction } rt -= collisionTime; } // reset all forces for current object so it'll be ready for later game event current.mForces.zero(); } }

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  • The practical cost of swapping effects

    - by sebf
    I use XNA for my projects and on those forums I sometimes see references to the fact that swapping an effect for a mesh has a relatively high cost, which surprises me as I thought to swap an effect was simply a case of copying the replacement shader program to the GPU along with appropriate parameters. I wondered if someone could explain exactly what is costly about this process? And put, if possible, 'relatively' into context? For example say I wanted to use a short shader to help with picking, I would: Change the effect on every object, calculting a unique color to identify it and providing it to the shader. Draw all the objects to a render target in memory. Get the color from the target and use it to look up the selected object. What portion of the total time taken to complete that process would be spent swapping the shaders? My instincts would say that rendering the scene again, no matter how simple the shader, would be an order of magnitude slower than any other part of the process so why all the concern over effects?

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  • What is the proper way to maintain the angle of a gun mounted on a car?

    - by Blair
    So I am making a simple game. I want to put a gun on top of a car. I want to be able to control the angle of the gun. Basically it can go forward all the way so that it is parallel to the ground facing the direction the car is moving or it can point behind the car and any of the angles in between these positions. I have something like the following right now but its not really working. Is there an better way to do this that I am not seeing? #This will place the car glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,1.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.rotation, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glScaled(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) glCallList(self.model.gl_list) glPopMatrix() #This will place the gun on top glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,2.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.tube_angle, self.direction.z, 0.0, self.direction.x) print self.direction.z glRotated(45, self.position.z, 0.0, self.position.x) glScaled(1.0, 0.5, 1.0) glCallList(self.tube.gl_list) glPopMatrix() This almost works. It moves the gun up and down. But when the car moves around, the angle of the gun changes. Not what I want.

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  • Algorithm for optimal control on space ship using accelerometer input data

    - by mm24
    Does someone have a good algorithm for controlling a space ship in a vertical shooter game using acceleration data? I have done a simple algorithm, but works very badly. I save an initial acceleration value (used to calibrate the movement according to the user's initial position) and I do subtract it from the current acceleration so I get a "calibrated" value. The problem is that basing the movement solely on relative acceleration has an effect of loss of sensitivity: certain movements are independent from the initial position. Would anyone be able to share a a better solution? I am wondering if I should use/integrate also inputs from gyroscope hardware. Here is my sample of code for a Cocos2d iOS game: - (void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { if (calibrationLayer.visible){ [self evaluateCalibration:acceleration]; initialAccelleration=acceleration; return; } if([self evaluatePause]){ return; } ShooterScene * shooterScene = (ShooterScene *) [self parent]; ShipEntity *playerSprite = [shooterScene playerShip]; float accellerationtSensitivity = 0.5f; UIAccelerationValue xAccelleration = acceleration.x - initialAccelleration.x; UIAccelerationValue yAccelleration = acceleration.y - initialAccelleration.y; if(xAccelleration > 0.05 || xAccelleration < -0.05) { [playerSprite setPosition:CGPointMake(playerSprite.position.x + xAccelleration * 80, playerSprite.position.y + yAccelleration * 80)]; } else if(yAccelleration > 0.05 || yAccelleration < -0.05) { [playerSprite setPosition:CGPointMake(playerSprite.position.x + xAccelleration * 80, playerSprite.position.y + yAccelleration * 80)]; } }

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  • Collision detection in 3D space

    - by dreta
    I've got to write, what can be summed up as, a compelte 3D game from scratch this semester. Up untill now i have only programmed 2D games in my spare time, the transition doesn't seem tough, the game's simple. The only issue i have is collision detection. The only thing i could find was AABB, bounding spheres or recommendations of various physics engines. I have to program a submarine that's going to be moving freely inside of a cave system, AFAIK i can't use physics libraries, so none of the above solves my problem. Up untill now i was using SAT for my collision detection. Are there any similar, great algorithms, but crafted for 3D collision? I'm not talking about octrees, or other optimalizations, i'm talking about direct collision detection of one set of 3D polygons with annother set of 3D polygons. I thought about using SAT twice, project the mesh from the top and the side, but then it seems so hard to even divide 3D space into convex shapes. Also that seems like far too much computation even with octrees. How do proffessionals do it? Could somebody shed some light.

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