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  • Per-vertex animation with VBOs: Stream each frame or use index offset per frame?

    - by charstar
    Scenario Meshes are animated using either skeletons (skinned animation) or some form of morph targets (i.e. per-vertex key frames). However, in either case, the animations are known in full at load-time, that is, there is no physics, IK solving, or any other form of in-game pose solving. The number of character actions (animations) will be limited but rich (hand-animated). There may be multiple characters using a each mesh and its animations simultaneously in-game (they will be at different poses/keyframes at the same time). Assume color and texture coordinate buffers are static. Goal To leverage the richness of well vetted animation tools such as Blender to do the heavy lifting for a small but rich set of animations. I am aware of additive pose blending like that from Naughty Dog and similar techniques but I would prefer to expend a little RAM/VRAM to avoid implementing a thesis-ready pose solver. I would also like to avoid implementing a key-frame + interpolation curve solver (reinventing Blender vertex groups and IPOs). Current Considerations Much like a non-shader-powered pose solver, create a VBO for each character and copy vertex and normal data to each VBO on each frame (VBO in STREAMING). Create one VBO for each animation where each frame (interleaved vertex and normal data) is concatenated onto the VBO. Then each character simply has a buffer pointer offset based on its current animation frame (e.g. pointer offset = (numVertices+numNormals)*frameNumber). (VBO in STATIC) Known Trade-Offs In 1 above: Each VBO would be small but there would be many VBOs and therefore lots of buffer binding and vertex copying each frame. Both client and pipeline intensive. In 2 above: There would be few VBOs therefore insignificant buffer binding and no vertex data getting jammed down the pipe each frame, but each VBO would be quite large. Are there any pitfalls to number 2 (aside from finite memory)? Are there other methods that I am missing?

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  • Interacting with scene cocos2d

    - by cjroebuck
    I'm attempting to make my first cocos2d (for iphone) multiplayer game and having difficulty understanding how to interact with a scene once it is running. The game is a simple turn-based one and so I have a GameController class which co-ordinates the rounds. I also have a GameScene class which is the actual scene that is displayed during a round of the game. The basic interaction I need is for the GameController to be able to pass messages to the GameScene class.. such as StartRound/StopRound etc. The thing that complicates this is that I am loading the GameScene with a LoadingScene class which simply initialises the scene and replaces the current scene with this one, so there is no reference from GameController to GameScene, so passing messages is quite tricky. Does anyone have any ways to get around this, ideally I would still like to use a Loading class as it smooths out the memory hit when replacing scenes.

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  • Changing DisplayMode seems not to update Input&Graphic Dimension

    - by coding.mof
    I'm writing a small game using Slick and Nifty-GUI. At the program startup I set the DisplayMode using the following lines: AppGameContainer app = new ... app.setDisplayMode( 800, 600, false ); app.start(); I wrote a Nifty-ScreenController for my settings dialog in which the user can select the desired DisplayMode. When I try to set the new DisplayMode within this controller class the game window gets resized correctly but the Graphics and Input objects aren't updated accordingly. Therefore my rendering code just uses a part of the new window. I tried to set different DisplayModes in the main method to test if it's generally possible to invoke this method multiple times. It seems that changing the DisplayMode only works before I call app.start(). Furthermore I tried to update the Graphics & Input object manually but the init and setDimensions methods are package private. :( Does someone know what I'm doing wrong and how to change the DisplayMode correctly?

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  • Render 3d object to 2d surface (embedded system)

    - by Martin Berger
    i am working on an embedded system of a sort, and in some free time i would like to test its drawing capabilities. System in question is ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller attached to EasyMX Stellaris board. And i have a small 320x240 TFT screen :) Now, i have some free time each day and i want to create rotating cube. Micro C PRO for ARM doesnt have 3d drawing capabilities, which means it must be done in software. From the book Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 10 i know matrix algebra for transformations but that is cool when you have DirectX to set camera right. I gues i could make 2d object to rotate, but how would i go with 3d one? Any ideas and examples are welcome. Although i would prefer advices. I'd like to understand this.

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  • Marshalling C# Structs into DX11 cbuffers

    - by Craig
    I'm having some issues with the packing of my structure in C# and passing them through to cbuffers I have registered in HLSL. When I pack my struct in one manner the information seems to be able to pass to the shader: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 16)] internal struct TestStruct { [FieldOffset(0)] public Vector3 mEyePosition; [FieldOffset(12)] public int type; } This works perfectly when used against this HLSL fragment: cbuffer PerFrame : register(b0) { Vector3 eyePos; int type; } float3 GetColour() { float3 returnColour = float(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); switch(type) { case 0: returnColour = float3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); break; case 1: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case 2: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); break; } return returnColour; } However, when I use the following structure definitions... // Note this is 16 because HLSL packs in 4 float 'chunks'. // It is also simplified, but still demonstrates the problem. [StructLayout(Layout.Explicit, Size = 16)] internal struct InternalTestStruct { [FieldOffset(0)] public int type; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 32)] internal struct TestStruct { [FieldOffset(0)] public Vector3 mEyePosition; //Missing 4 bytes here for correct packing. [FieldOffset(16)] public InternalTestStruct mInternal; } ... the following HLSL fragment no longer works. struct InternalType { int type; } cbuffer PerFrame : register(b0) { Vector3 eyePos; InternalType internalStruct; } float3 GetColour() { float3 returnColour = float(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); switch(internaltype.type) { case 0: returnColour = float3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); break; case 1: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case 2: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); break; } return returnColour; } Is there a problem with the way I am packing the struct, or is it another issue? To re-iterate: I can pass a struct in a cbuffer so long as it does not contain a nested struct.

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  • Camera movement and threshold not working

    - by irish guy mcconagheh
    I have a platformer that is in progress, part of this has a camera which I only want to move when the character moves out of a certain threshold, to try to accomplish this I have the following if statement: if(((Mathf.Abs(target.transform.position.x))-(Mathf.Abs(transform.position.x)))>thres){ x = moveTo(transform.position.x, target.position.x, trackSpeed); } in unity/c#. In pseudocode it means if((absolute value of player x) - (absolute value of camera x) is greater than the threshold){ move { however this does not seem to work correctly. it appears to work for the first couple of times the threshold is reached, however the distance between the camera and the player has to increase every time for the camera to move. I do not believe the movement of the camera is the problem, however the code for it is as follows: private float moveTo(float n, float target, float accel) { if (n == target) { return n; } else { float dir = Mathf.Sign(target - n); n += accel * Time.deltaTime * dir; return (dir == Mathf.Sign(target-n))? n: target; } } }

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  • How to create a copy of an instance without having access to private variables

    - by Jamie
    Im having a bit of a problem. Let me show you the code first: public class Direction { private CircularList xSpeed, zSpeed; private int[] dirSquare = {-1, 0, 1, 0}; public Direction(int xSpeed, int zSpeed){ this.xSpeed = new CircularList(dirSquare, xSpeed); this.zSpeed = new CircularList(dirSquare, zSpeed); } public Direction(Point dirs){ this(dirs.x, dirs.y); } public void shiftLeft(){ xSpeed.shiftLeft(); zSpeed.shiftRight(); } public void shiftRight(){ xSpeed.shiftRight(); zSpeed.shiftLeft(); } public int getXSpeed(){ return this.xSpeed.currentValue(); } public int getZSpeed(){ return this.zSpeed.currentValue(); } } Now lets say i have an instance of Direction: Direction dir = new Direction(0, 0); As you can see in the code of Direction, the arguments fed to the constructor, are passed directly to some other class. One cannot be sure if they stay the same because methods shiftRight() and shiftLeft could have been called, which changes thos numbers. My question is, how do i create a completely new instance of Direction, that is basically copy(not by reference) of dir? The only way i see it, is to create public methods in both CircularList(i can post the code of this class, but its not relevant) and Direction that return the variables needed to create a copy of the instance, but this solution seems really dirty since those numbers are not supposed to be touched after beeing fed to the constructor, and therefore they are private.

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  • A Star Path finding endless loop

    - by PoeHaH
    I have implemented A* algorithm. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't, and it goes through an endless loop. After days of debugging and googling, I hope you can come to the rescue. This is my code: The algorythm: public ArrayList<Coordinate> findClosestPathTo(Coordinate start, Coordinate goal) { ArrayList<Coordinate> closed = new ArrayList<Coordinate>(); ArrayList<Coordinate> open = new ArrayList<Coordinate>(); ArrayList<Coordinate> travelpath = new ArrayList<Coordinate>(); open.add(start); while(open.size()>0) { Coordinate current = searchCoordinateWithLowestF(open); if(current.equals(goal)) { return travelpath; } travelpath.add(current); open.remove(current); closed.add(current); ArrayList<Coordinate> neighbors = current.calculateCoordAdjacencies(true, rowbound, colbound); for(Coordinate n:neighbors) { if(closed.contains(n) || map.isWalkeable(n)) { continue; } int gScore = current.getGvalue() + 1; boolean gScoreIsBest = false; if(!open.contains(n)) { gScoreIsBest = true; n.setHvalue(manhattanHeuristic(n,goal)); open.add(n); } else { if(gScore<n.getGvalue()) { gScoreIsBest = true; } } if(gScoreIsBest) { n.setGvalue(gScore); n.setFvalue(n.getGvalue()+n.getHvalue()); } } } return null; } What I have found out is that it always fails whenever there's an obstacle in the path. If I'm running it on 'open terrain', it seems to work. It seems to be affected by this part: || map.isWalkeable(n) Though, the isWalkeable function seems to work fine. If additional code is needed, I will provide it. Your help is greatly appreciated, Thanks :)

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  • Game has noticeable frame drops but when through a profiler it always runs smooth

    - by felipedrl
    I'm trying to optimize my PC game but I can find the bottleneck since every time I run it through a profiler (gDEBugger) it runs smooths. When running outside gDEBugger I get these annoying hiccups. It's not just the graphics, the sound also gets choppy. The drops are inconsistent across runs, i.e, sometimes I run the same scenario and get no drops at all, sometimes I get a few drops, and others the game is consistently slow. The only constant is: when running through gDEBugger I ALWAYS get a smooth run. I'm suspecting something outside my game is interfering and causing these drops, but what in the hell does gDEBugger do that nullifies these drops? A higher process priority? Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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  • Adding 2D vector movement with rotation applied

    - by Michael Zehnich
    I am trying to apply a slight sine wave movement to objects that float around the screen to make them a little more interesting. I would like to apply this to the objects so that they oscillate from side to side, not front to back (so the oscillation does not affect their forward velocity). After reading various threads and tutorials, I have come to the conclusion that I need to create and add vectors, but I simply cannot come up with a solution that works. This is where I'm at right now, in the object's update method (updated based on comments): Vector2 oldPosition = new Vector2(spritePos.X, spritePos.Y); //note: newPosition is initially set in the constructor to spritePos.x/y Vector2 direction = newPosition - oldPosition; Vector2 perpendicular = new Vector2(direction.Y, -direction.X); perpendicular.Normalize(); sinePosAng += 0.1f; perpendicular.X += 2.5f * (float)Math.Sin(sinePosAng); spritePos.X += velocity * (float)Math.Cos(radians); spritePos.Y += velocity * (float)Math.Sin(radians); spritePos += perpendicular; newPosition = spritePos;

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  • What is the purpose of bitdepth for the several components of the framebuffer in glfwWindowHint function of GLFW3?

    - by Rui d'Orey
    I would like to know what are the following "framebuffer related hints" of GLFW3 function glfwWindowHint : GLFW_RED_BITS GLFW_GREEN_BITS GLFW_BLUE_BITS GLFW_ALPHA_BITS GLFW_DEPTH_BITS GLFW_STENCIL_BITS What is the purpose of this? Usually their default values are enough? Where are those bits stored? In a buffer in the GPU? What do they affect? And by that I mean in what way Thank you in advance!

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  • Bitmap Font Displays in Center Always Without Coding it Manually (Fix Coordinate Problem onText)

    - by David Dimalanta
    Is there a way on how to stay the texts in center without manually coding it or something, especially when making an update? I'm making a display for the highest score. Let's say that the score is 9. However, if the score is 9,999,999, the text displays still only at the fixed X and Y coordinate. Is there really a way to stay the text in center especially when there is changes when a player beats the new world record? Here's my code inside Sprite Batch: font.setScale(1.5f); font.draw(batch, "HIGHEST SCORE:", (900/10)*1 + 60, (1280/16)*10); font.draw(batch, "" + 9999999 + "", (900/10)*4, (1280/16)*8); batch.draw(grid_guide, 0, 0, 900, 1280); // --> For testing purpose only. // Where 9999999 is a new record score for example. Here's the image shown as example. I add it some red grid so that I could check if the display of score when updated will always display on center no matter how many digits takes place in. However, it is fixed, so I have to figure it out how to display it automatically on center regardless of the number of digits while updating for the new highscore. I have used the LibGDX preferences very well though to save and load records for the highscore.

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  • object detection in bitmmap javacanvas

    - by user1538127
    i want to detect clicks on canvas elements which are drawn using paths. so far i have think of to store elements path in javascript data structure and then check the cordinates of hits which matches the elements cordinates. i belive there is algorithm already for thins kind o cordinate search. rendering each of element path and checking the hits would be inefficient when elements number is larger. can anyone point on me that?

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  • Quaternion LookAt for camera

    - by Homar
    I am using the following code to rotate entities to look at points. glm::vec3 forwardVector = glm::normalize(point - position); float dot = glm::dot(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), forwardVector); float rotationAngle = (float)acos(dot); glm::vec3 rotationAxis = glm::normalize(glm::cross(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), forwardVector)); rotation = glm::normalize(glm::quat(rotationAxis * rotationAngle)); This works fine for my usual entities. However, when I use this on my Camera entity, I get a black screen. If I flip the subtraction in the first line, so that I take the forward vector to be the direction from the point to my camera's position, then my camera works but naturally my entities rotate to look in the opposite direction of the point. I compute the transformation matrix for the camera and then take the inverse to be the View Matrix, which I pass to my OpenGL shaders: glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::inverse( cameraTransform->GetTransformationMatrix() ); The orthographic projection matrix is created using glm::ortho. What's going wrong?

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  • scaling point sprites with distance

    - by Will
    How can you scale a point sprite by its distance from the camera? GLSL fragment shader: gl_PointSize = size / gl_Position.w; seems along the right tracks; for any given scene all sprites seem nicely scaled by distance. Is this correct? How do you compute the proper scaling for my vertex attribute size? I want each sprite to be scaled by the modelview matrix. I had played with arbitrary values and it seems that size is the radius in pixels at the camera, and is not in modelview scale. I've also tried: gl_Position = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex,1.0); vec4 v2 = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex.x,vertex.y+0.5*size,vertex.z,1.0); gl_PointSize = length(gl_Position.xyz-v2.xyz) * gl_Position.w; But this makes the sprites be bigger in the distance, rather than smaller:

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  • Objects won't render when Texture Compression + Mipmapping is Enabled

    - by felipedrl
    I'm optimizing my game and I've just implemented compressed (DXTn) texture loading in OpenGL. I've worked my way removing bugs but I can't figure out this one: objects w/ DXTn + mipmapped textures are not being rendered. It's not like they are appearing with a flat color, they just don't appear at all. DXTn textured objs render and mipmapped non-compressed textures render just fine. The texture in question is 256x256 I generate the mips all the way down 4x4, i.e 1 block. I've checked on gDebugger and it display all the levels (7) just fine. I'm using GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST for min filter and GL_LINEAR for mag one. The texture is being compressed and mipmaps being created offline with Paint.NET tool using super sampling method. (I also tried bilinear just in case) Source follow: [SNIPPET 1: Loading DDS into sys memory + Initializing Object] // Read header DDSHeader header; file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&header), sizeof(DDSHeader)); uint pos = static_cast<uint>(file.tellg()); file.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end); uint dataSizeInBytes = static_cast<uint>(file.tellg()) - pos; file.seekg(pos, std::ios_base::beg); // Read file data mData = new unsigned char[dataSizeInBytes]; file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(mData), dataSizeInBytes); file.close(); mMipmapCount = header.mipmapcount; mHeight = header.height; mWidth = header.width; mCompressionType = header.pf.fourCC; // Only support files divisible by 4 (for compression blocks algorithms) massert(mWidth % 4 == 0 && mHeight % 4 == 0); massert(mCompressionType == NO_COMPRESSION || mCompressionType == COMPRESSION_DXT1 || mCompressionType == COMPRESSION_DXT3 || mCompressionType == COMPRESSION_DXT5); // Allow textures up to 65536x65536 massert(header.mipmapcount <= MAX_MIPMAP_LEVELS); mTextureFilter = TextureFilter::LINEAR; if (mMipmapCount > 0) { mMipmapFilter = MipmapFilter::NEAREST; } else { mMipmapFilter = MipmapFilter::NO_MIPMAP; } mBitsPerPixel = header.pf.bitcount; if (mCompressionType == NO_COMPRESSION) { if (header.pf.flags & DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS) { // The only format supported w/ alpha is A8R8G8B8 massert(header.pf.amask == 0xFF000000 && header.pf.rmask == 0xFF0000 && header.pf.gmask == 0xFF00 && header.pf.bmask == 0xFF); mInternalFormat = GL_RGBA8; mFormat = GL_BGRA; mDataType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE; } else { massert(header.pf.rmask == 0xFF0000 && header.pf.gmask == 0xFF00 && header.pf.bmask == 0xFF); mInternalFormat = GL_RGB8; mFormat = GL_BGR; mDataType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE; } } else { uint blockSizeInBytes = 16; switch (mCompressionType) { case COMPRESSION_DXT1: blockSizeInBytes = 8; if (header.pf.flags & DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS) { mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT; } else { mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT; } break; case COMPRESSION_DXT3: mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT; break; case COMPRESSION_DXT5: mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT; break; default: // Not Supported (DXT2, DXT4 or any compression format) massert(false); } } [SNIPPET 2: Uploading into video memory] massert(mData != NULL); glGenTextures(1, &mHandle); massert(mHandle!=0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mHandle); commitFiltering(); uint offset = 0; Renderer* renderer = Renderer::getInstance(); switch (mInternalFormat) { case GL_RGB: case GL_RGBA: case GL_RGB8: case GL_RGBA8: for (uint i = 0; i < mMipmapCount + 1; ++i) { uint width = std::max(1U, mWidth >> i); uint height = std::max(1U, mHeight >> i); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, i, mInternalFormat, width, height, mHasBorder, mFormat, mDataType, &mData[offset]); offset += width * height * (mBitsPerPixel / 8); } break; case GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT: case GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT: case GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT: case GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT: { uint blockSize = 16; if (mInternalFormat == GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT || mInternalFormat == GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT) { blockSize = 8; } uint width = mWidth; uint height = mHeight; for (uint i = 0; i < mMipmapCount + 1; ++i) { uint nBlocks = ((width + 3) / 4) * ((height + 3) / 4); // Only POT textures allowed for mipmapping massert(width % 4 == 0 && height % 4 == 0); glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, i, mInternalFormat, width, height, mHasBorder, nBlocks * blockSize, &mData[offset]); offset += nBlocks * blockSize; if (width <= 4 && height <= 4) { break; } width = std::max(4U, width / 2); height = std::max(4U, height / 2); } break; } default: // Not Supported massert(false); } Also I don't understand the "+3" in the block size computation but looking for a solution for my problema I've encountered people defining it as that. I guess it won't make a differente for POT textures but I put just in case. Thanks.

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  • How important is a single-player mode in a 2-player game?

    - by Davy8
    So say you have a 2 player game, taking Chess as an example (except it's an original game with no ready-to-go AI available). Let's say there's also a social-aspect to the meta-game, so let's say it's a Chess game on Facebook where you can challenge your friends. How important is it to have a single-player mode, knowing that an AI will need to be created (I've done minimax AI for tic tac toe, but nothing too sophisticated)? Is it important enough that it should be in the initial launch of the game? Can it wait for a future iteration (knowing that being hosted on the web means the game can be updated at any time)?

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  • Xna, after mouse click cpu usage goes 100%

    - by kosnkov
    Hi i have following code and it is enough just if i click on blue window then cpu goes to 100% for like at least one minute even with my i7 4 cores. I just check even with empty project and is the same !!! public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; private Texture2D cursorTex; private Vector2 cursorPos; GraphicsDevice device; float xPosition; float yPosition; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { Viewport vp = GraphicsDevice.Viewport; xPosition = vp.X + (vp.Width / 2); yPosition = vp.Y + (vp.Height / 2); device = graphics.GraphicsDevice; base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); cursorTex = Content.Load<Texture2D>("strzalka"); } protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(cursorTex, cursorPos, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • Android how to get opengl 3D coordinates in ontouch event

    - by Sandy
    I created a cube in opengl and it rotates in ontouch event. To to this I created a CustomSurfaceView as follows public class CustomSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView { @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) { float x = e.getX() float y = e.getY(); } } Here x and y are screen coordinates. How can I get 3D coordinated from this? I have already looked gluProject and NeHe. But I dont know how to implement this in my project, it shows that there is no GLdouble,GLfloat class.

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  • Help understand GLSL directional light on iOS (left handed coord system)

    - by Robse
    I now have changed from GLKBaseEffect to a own shader implementation. I have a shader management, which compiles and applies a shader to the right time and does some shader setup like lights. Please have a look at my vertex shader code. Now, light direction should be provided in eye space, but I think there is something I don't get right. After I setup my view with camera I save a lightMatrix to transform the light from global space to eye space. My modelview and projection setup: - (void)setupViewWithWidth:(int)width height:(int)height camera:(N3DCamera *)aCamera { aCamera.aspect = (float)width / (float)height; float aspect = aCamera.aspect; float far = aCamera.far; float near = aCamera.near; float vFOV = aCamera.fieldOfView; float top = near * tanf(M_PI * vFOV / 360.0f); float bottom = -top; float right = aspect * top; float left = -right; // projection GLKMatrixStackLoadMatrix4(projectionStack, GLKMatrix4MakeFrustum(left, right, bottom, top, near, far)); // identity modelview GLKMatrixStackLoadMatrix4(modelviewStack, GLKMatrix4Identity); // switch to left handed coord system (forward = z+) GLKMatrixStackMultiplyMatrix4(modelviewStack, GLKMatrix4MakeScale(1, 1, -1)); // transform camera GLKMatrixStackMultiplyMatrix4(modelviewStack, GLKMatrix4MakeWithMatrix3(GLKMatrix3Transpose(aCamera.orientation))); GLKMatrixStackTranslate(modelviewStack, -aCamera.position.x, -aCamera.position.y, -aCamera.position.z); } - (GLKMatrix4)modelviewMatrix { return GLKMatrixStackGetMatrix4(modelviewStack); } - (GLKMatrix4)projectionMatrix { return GLKMatrixStackGetMatrix4(projectionStack); } - (GLKMatrix4)modelviewProjectionMatrix { return GLKMatrix4Multiply([self projectionMatrix], [self modelviewMatrix]); } - (GLKMatrix3)normalMatrix { return GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3([self modelviewProjectionMatrix]), NULL); } After that, I save the lightMatrix like this: [self.renderer setupViewWithWidth:view.drawableWidth height:view.drawableHeight camera:self.camera]; self.lightMatrix = [self.renderer modelviewProjectionMatrix]; And just before I render a 3d entity of the scene graph, I setup the light config for its shader with the lightMatrix like this: - (N3DLight)transformedLight:(N3DLight)light transformation:(GLKMatrix4)matrix { N3DLight transformedLight = N3DLightMakeDisabled(); if (N3DLightIsDirectional(light)) { GLKVector3 direction = GLKVector3MakeWithArray(GLKMatrix4MultiplyVector4(matrix, light.position).v); direction = GLKVector3Negate(direction); // HACK -> TODO: get lightMatrix right! transformedLight = N3DLightMakeDirectional(direction, light.diffuse, light.specular); } else { ... } return transformedLight; } You see the line, where I negate the direction!? I can't explain why I need to do that, but if I do, the lights are correct as far as I can tell. Please help me, to get rid of the hack. I'am scared that this has something to do, with my switch to left handed coord system. My vertex shader looks like this: attribute highp vec4 inPosition; attribute lowp vec4 inNormal; ... uniform highp mat4 MVP; uniform highp mat4 MV; uniform lowp mat3 N; uniform lowp vec4 constantColor; uniform lowp vec4 ambient; uniform lowp vec4 light0Position; uniform lowp vec4 light0Diffuse; uniform lowp vec4 light0Specular; varying lowp vec4 vColor; varying lowp vec3 vTexCoord0; vec4 calcDirectional(vec3 dir, vec4 diffuse, vec4 specular, vec3 normal) { float NdotL = max(dot(normal, dir), 0.0); return NdotL * diffuse; } ... vec4 calcLight(vec4 pos, vec4 diffuse, vec4 specular, vec3 normal) { if (pos.w == 0.0) { // Directional Light return calcDirectional(normalize(pos.xyz), diffuse, specular, normal); } else { ... } } void main(void) { // position highp vec4 position = MVP * inPosition; gl_Position = position; // normal lowp vec3 normal = inNormal.xyz / inNormal.w; normal = N * normal; normal = normalize(normal); // colors vColor = constantColor * ambient; // add lights vColor += calcLight(light0Position, light0Diffuse, light0Specular, normal); ... }

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  • Realtime rendering using a ray tracing engine

    - by Keyhan Asghari
    I want to render an object that has a mesh with one million hexagonal elements(100 * 100 * 100). Lights, shadows and textures is not important and each element has a solid color. and finally, the actions I want to have, is simply rotating the object, zooming and panning. I am wondering what ray tracing engine is better for my conditions. or, do I have to take another approach? any help will be appreciated.

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  • Confusion with Libgdx UI

    - by BrotherJack
    I've started with Libgdx and am currently stumbling about trying to understand how to set up the interface. I have generated the base projects in Eclipse ( < proj-name ,< proj-name -android, < proj-name -desktop, < proj-name -html), and can get the program to display a simple background, play a looping sound file, and draw a tank. I have been having some problems implementing the UI though. I want to make a collapsible interface bar at the bottom of the screen that would contain buttons for movement, and selecting weapons. I'm confused since there appears to be several ways of doing this and the documentation (or tutorials explaining it) tend to be obsolete. How would one go about this? Use a stage for the bar and actors for the widgets? I'm a little lost on this.

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  • AndEngine Box2d game

    - by OneMoreVladimir
    I'm developing a 2d survival shooter using Box2d extension and I've got some questions: I have two AnalogOnScreenControls. Their listeners modify both sprites and bodies. I receive TouchEventPool was exhausted and as their number grows the game crashes accidently. I've tried to put the modification of the bodies and sprites on the UpdateThread but that does not solve the problem. What could be the cause? I have a class that at the beginnig of the game loads all the textures. After I relaunch the game activity several times I receive Unable to find Phys Addr for and "green color" interface. But that doesn't happen if I clear the memory manually through the Task Manager before relaunch What could be the cause? I unload my atlas at the end of the game. The game sometimes crashes at start with NullPointerException in onResumeGame. The solution suggested is to set android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize" but my device is API 10 so it doesn't have screenSize property and orientation only does not seem to help, because the game starts in portrait mode at times (though landscape is set in the code)

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  • Dynamically load images inside jar

    - by Rahat Ahmed
    I'm using Slick2d for a game, and while it runs fine in Eclipse, i'm trying to figure out how to make it work when exported to a runnable .jar. I have it set up to where I load every image located in the res/ directory. Here's the code /** * Loads all .png images located in source folders. * @throws SlickException */ public static void init() throws SlickException { loadedImages = new HashMap<>(); try { URI uri = new URI(ResourceLoader.getResource("res").toString()); File[] files = new File(uri).listFiles(new FilenameFilter(){ @Override public boolean accept(File dir, String name) { if(name.endsWith(".png")) return true; return false; } }); System.out.println("Naming filenames now."); for(File f:files) { System.out.println(f.getName()); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f); Image image = new Image(fis, f.getName(), false); loadedImages.put(f.getName(), image); } } catch (URISyntaxException | FileNotFoundException e) { System.err.println("UNABLE TO LOAD IMAGES FROM RES FOLDER!"); e.printStackTrace(); } font = new AngelCodeFont("res/bitmapfont.fnt",Art.get("bitmapfont.png")); } Now the obvious problem is the line URI uri = new URI(ResourceLoader.getResource("res").toString()); If I pack the res folder into the .jar there will not be a res folder on the filesystem. How can I iterate through all the images in the compiled .jar itself, or what is a better system to automatically load all images?

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  • Two graphical entities, smooth blending between them (e.g. asphalt and grass)

    - by Gabriel Conrad
    Supposedly in a scenario there are, among other things, a tarmac strip and a meadow. The tarmac has an asphalt texture and its model is a triangle strip long that might bifurcate at some point into other tinier strips, and suppose that the meadow is covered with grass. What can be done to make the two graphical entities seem less cut out from a photo and just pasted one on top of the other at the edges? To better understand the problem, picture a strip of asphalt and a plane covered with grass. The grass texture should also "enter" the tarmac strip a little bit at the edges (i.e. feathering effect). My ideas involve two approaches: put two textures on the tarmac entity, but that involves a serious restriction in how the strip is modeled and its texture coordinates are mapped or try and apply a post-processing filter that mimics a bloom effect where "grass" is used instead of light. This could be a terrible failure to achieve correct results. So, is there a better or at least a more obvious way that's widely used in the game dev industry?

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