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• write to depth buffer while using multiple render targets

  - by DocSeuss

  Presently my engine is set up to use deferred shading. My pixel shader output struct is as follows: struct GBuffer { float4 Depth : DEPTH0; //depth render target float4 Normal : COLOR0; //normal render target float4 Diffuse : COLOR1; //diffuse render target float4 Specular : COLOR2; //specular render target }; This works fine for flat surfaces, but I'm trying to implement relief mapping which requires me to manually write to the depth buffer to get correct silhouettes. MSDN suggests doing what I'm already doing to output to my depth render target - however, this has no impact on z culling. I think it might be because XNA uses a different depth buffer for every RenderTarget2D. How can I address these depth buffers from the pixel shader?

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• Resolving a collision between point and moving line

  - by Conundrumer

  I am designing a 2d physics engine that uses Verlet integration for moving points (velocities mentioned below can be derived), constraints to represent moving line segments, and continuous collision detection to resolve collisions between moving points and static lines, and collisions between moving/static points and moving lines. I already know how to calculate the Time of Impact for both types of collision events, and how to resolve moving point static line collisions. However, I can't figure out how to resolve moving/static point moving line collisions. Here are the initial conditions in a point and moving line collision event. We have a line segment joined by two points, A and B. At this instant, point P is touching/colliding with line AB. These points have unit mass and some might have an initial velocity, unless point P is static. The line is massless and has no explicit rotational component, since points A and B could freely move around, extending or contracting the line as a result (which will be fixed later by the constraint solver). Collision is inelastic. What are the final velocities of the points after collision?

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• How to improve Minecraft-esque voxel world performance?

  - by SomeXnaChump

  After playing Minecraft I marveled a bit at its large worlds but at the same time I found them extremely slow to navigate, even with a quad core and meaty graphics card. Now I assume Minecraft is fairly slow because: A) It's written in Java, and as most of the spatial partitioning and memory management activities happen in there, it would naturally be slower than a native C++ version. B) It doesn't partition its world very well. I could be wrong on both assumptions; however it got me thinking about the best way to manage large voxel worlds. As it is a true 3D world, where a block can exist in any part of the world, it is basically a big 3D array [x][y][z], where each block in the world has a type (i.e BlockType.Empty = 0, BlockType.Dirt = 1 etc.) Now, I am assuming to make this sort of world perform well you would need to: A) Use a tree of some variety (oct/kd/bsp) to split all the cubes out; it seems like an oct/kd would be the better option as you can just partition on a per cube level not a per triangle level. B) Use some algorithm to work out which blocks can currently be seen, as blocks closer to the user could obfuscate the blocks behind, making it pointless to render them. C) Keep the block object themselves lightweight, so it is quick to add and remove them from the trees. I guess there is no right answer to this, but I would be interested to see peoples' opinions on the subject. How would you improve performance in a large voxel-based world?

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• Where can I find affordable legal advice for game software related inquiries?

  - by Steven Lu

  I am working on simulation middleware which is applicable for game engine implementations. What I would like to do is to make it freely available for use for all non-commercial purposes, while at the same time imposing some percentage of royalty on revenue (above a certain threshold) that is derived from my work. Something very similar to Epic's UDK licensing model. To facilitate the use of my software, I plan to offer binaries (static libs) for several platforms, as well as obfuscated source code which I will freely distribute, in addition to documentation of the API. I simply want to impose the restriction that if you try to make money from it, I get a cut eventually. I'm wondering if there are online forums and such where I am likely to find people who are willing to assist me in terms of learning what sort of things I have to do to get things down on the right kinds of documents. So far a site like this seems to be the most promising.

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• Implementing `fling` logic without pan gesture recognizers

  - by KDiTraglia

  So I am trying to port over a simple game that I originally wrote to iphone into cocos2d-x. I've hit a minor bump however in implementing simple 'fling' logic I had in the iphone version that is difficult to port over to the c++. In iOS I could get the velocity of a pan gesture very easily: CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:recognizer.view]; However now I basically only know where the touch began, where the touch ended, and all the touches that are logged in between. For now I logged all the pts onto a stack then pulled the last point and the 6th to last point (seemed to work the best), find the difference between those pts multiply by a constant and use that as the velocity. It works relatively well, but I'm wondering if anyone else has any better algorithms, when given a bunch of touch pts, to figure out a new speed upon releasing an object that feels natural (Note speed in my game is just a constant x and y, there's no drag or spin or anything tricky like that). Bonus points if anyone has figured out how to get pan gestures into the newest version (3.0 alpha) of cocos2d-x without losing ability to build cross platform.

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• 2-d lighting day/night cycle

  - by Richard

  Off the back of this post in which I asked two questions and received one answer, which I accepted as a valid answer. I have decided to re-ask the outstanding question. I have implemented light points with shadow casting as shown here but I would like an overall map light with no point/light source. The map setup is a top-down 2-d 50X50 pixel grid. How would I go about implementing a day/night cycle lighting across a map?

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• How should bots be recognised in a game?

  - by Bane

  I'm interested in how bots are usually written. Here's my situation: I plan to make an online 2D mecha game in HTML5, and the server-side will be done with node. It is intended to be multiplayer, but I also want to make bots in case there aren't enough players. How does my game logic see them, as players or as bots? Is there a standard by which I should make them? Also, any general tips and hints will be OK.

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• Triangulating a partially triangulated mesh (2D)

  - by teodron

  Referring to the above exhibits, this is the scenario I am working with: starting with a planar graph (in my case, a 2D mesh) with a given triangulation, based on a certain criterion, the graph nodes are labeled as RED and BLACK. (A) a subgraph containing all the RED nodes (with edges between only the directly connected neighbours) is formed (note: although this figure shows a tree forming, it may well happen that the subgraph contain loops) (B) Problem: I need to quickly build a triangulation around the subgraph (e.g. as shown in figure C), but under the constraint that I have to keep the already present edges in the final result. Question: Is there a fast way of achieving this given a partially triangulated mesh? Ideally, the complexity should be in the O(n) class. Some side-remarks: it would be nice for the triangulation algorithm to take into account a certain vertex priority when adding edges (e.g. it should always try to build a "1-ring" structure around the most important nodes first - I can implement iteratively such a routine, but it's O(n^2) ). it would also be nice to reflect somehow the "hop distance" when adding edges: add edges first between the nodes that were "closer" to each other given the start topology. Nevertheless, disregarding the remarks, is there an already known scenario similar to this one where a triangulation is built upon a partially given set of triangles/edges?

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• How can I achieve a 3D-like effect with spritebatch's rotation and scale parameters

  - by Alic44

  I'm working on a 2d game with a top-down perspective similar to Secret of Mana and the 2D Final Fantasy games, with one big difference being that it's an action rpg using a 3-dimensional physics engine. I'm trying to draw an aimer graphic (basically an arrow) at my characters' feet when they're aiming a ranged weapon. At first I just converted the character's aim vector to radians and passed that into spritebatch, but there was a problem. The position of every object in my world is scaled for perspective when it's drawn to the screen. So if the physics engine coordinates are (1, 0, 1), the screen coords are actually (1, .707) -- the Y and Z axis are scaled by a perspective factor of .707 and then added together to get the screen coordinates. This meant that the direction the aimer graphic pointed (thanks to its rotation value passed into spritebatch) didn't match up with the direction the projectile actually traveled over time. Things looked fine when the characters fired left, right, up, or down, but if you fired on a diagonal the perspective of the physics engine didn't match with the simplistic way I was converting the character's aim direction to a screen rotation. Ok, fast forward to now: I've got the aimer's rotation matched up with the path the projectile will actually take, which I'm doing by decomposing a transform matrix which I build from two rotation matrices (one to represent the aimer's rotation, and one to represent the camera's 45 degree rotation on the x axis). My question is, is there a way to get not just rotation from a series of matrix transformations, but to also get a Vector2 scale which would give the aimer the appearance of being a 3d object, being warped by perspective? Orthographic perspective is what I'm going for, I think. So, the aimer arrow would get longer when facing sideways, and shorter when facing north and south because of the perspective. At the same time, it would get wider when facing north and south, and less wide when facing right or left. I'd like to avoid actually drawing the aimer texture in 3d because I'm still using spritebatch's layerdepth parameter at this point in my project, and I don't want to have to figure out how to draw a 3d object within the depth sorting system I already have. I can provide code and more details if this is too vague as a question... This is my first post on stack exchange. Thanks a lot for reading! Note: (I think) I realize it can't be a technically correct 3D perspective, because the spritebatch's vector2 scaling argument doesn't allow for an object to be skewed the way it actually should be. What I'm really interested in is, is there a good way to fake the effect, or should I just drop it and not scale at all? Edit to clarify without the help of a picture (apparently I can't post them yet): I want the aimer arrow to look like it has been painted on the ground at the character's feet, so it should appear to be drawn on the ground plane (in my case the XZ plane) which should be tilted at a 45 degree angle (around the X axis) from the viewing perspective. Alex

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• How to use OpenGL functions from multiples thread?

  - by Robert

  I'm writing a small game using OpenGL. I'm implementing basic networking in this game and I'm facing a problem. I have a thread in my client socket class that check for available data, when there are data I raise an event like this : immutable int len = this.m_socket.receive(data); if(len > 0) { this.m_onDataEvent(data); } Then on my game class, I have a function that handle and parse data like this : switch(msgId) { case ProtocolID.CharacterData: // Load terrain with opengl, character model.... Im not able to call opengl functions because my opengl context is created from a different thread. But I really don't know how I can solve this problem, I tried Google but it's really hard to find a solution. I'm using D programming language if it can help.

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• How can I pass an external instance to the constructor of an object that's being created using the default XNA XML content loader?

  - by Michael

  I'm trying to understand how to use the XNA XML content importer to instantiate non-trivial objects that are more than a collection of basic properties (e.g., a class that inherits from DrawableGameObject or GameObject and requires other things to be passed into its constructor). Is it possible to pass existing external instances (e.g., an instance of the current Game) to the constructor of an object that's being created using the default XNA XML content loader? For example, imagine that I have the following class, inheriting from DrawableGameComponent: public class Character : DrawableGameComponent { public string Name { get; set; } public Character(Game game) : base(game) { } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { } } If I had a simple class that did not need other parameters in its constructor (i.e., the Game instance), then I could simply use this XML: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="MyNamespace.Character"> <Name>John Doe</Name> </Asset> </XnaContent> ...and then create an instance of Character using this code: var character = Content.Load<Character>("MyXmlAssetName"); But that won't work because I need to pass the need to pass the Game into the constructor. What's the best way to handle this situation? Is there a way to pass in things like the current Game using the default XNA XML content loader? Do I need to write my own XML loader? (If so, how?) Is there a better object-oriented design that I should be using for my classes? Note: Although I used Game in this example, I'm really just asking how to pass any type of existing instance to my constructors. (For example, I'm using the Farseer Physics Engine, and some of my classes also need a reference to the Farseer World object too.) Thanks in advance.

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• Circle collision detection and Vector math: HELP?

  - by Griffin

  Hey so i'm currently going through the wildbunny blog to learn about collision detection, but i'm a bit confused on how the vectors he's talking about come into play QUOTED BLOG: p = ||A-B|| – (r1+r2) The two spheres are penetrating by distance p. We would also like the penetration vector so that we can correct the penetration once we discover it. This is the vector that moves both circles to the point where they just touch, correcting the penetration. Importantly it is not only just a vector that does this, it is the only vector which corrects the penetration by moving the minimum amount. This is important because we only want to correct the error, not introduce more by moving too much when we correct, or too little. N = (A-B) / ||A-B|| P = N*p Here we have calculated the normalised vector N between the two centres and the penetration vector P by multiplying our unit direction by the penetration distance. Ok so i understand that p is the distance each circle is penetrating each other, but i don't get what exactly N and P is. it seems to me N is just the coordinates of the 3rd point of the right trianlge formed by point A and B (A-B) then being divided by the hypotenuse of that triangle or distance between A and B (||A-B||) Whats the significance of this? Also, what is the penetration vector used for? It seems to me like a movement that one of the circles would perform to get un-penetrated.

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• Behavior Trees and Animations

  - by Tom

  I have started working on the AI for a game, but am confused how I should handle animations. I will be using a Behavior Tree for AI behavior and Cocos2D for my game engine. Should my "PlayAnimationWalk" just be another node in the tree? Something similar to this: [Approach Player] - Play Walk animation - Move Towards player - Stop Walk animation Or should the node just update an AnimationState in the blackboard and have some type of animation handler/component reference this for which animation should be playing? This has been driving me nuts :)

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• Blending transition in cocos2d

  - by fiddler

  In my cocos2d-iphone game, I have 2 backgrounds (CCnodes), each containing a quite complex hierarchy of sprites. I would like to make a smooth transition between them: initially, only the first background is visible at the end, only the second one is visible Is there a good way to set the opacity of a full hierarchy of sprites ? I tried to recursively set the opacity of all the contained sprites. It kinda works except that: i guess it's not very efficient i would like the opacity of overlapping sprites to be 'merged' (as if the background was one single big sprite)

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• Procedural object generation and unique identification

  - by 2080

  My question relates to procedural content generation and data management of the emerging objects in a database. I assume a networked game, with a server-client model. Unspecified objects in the game world are generated while the game is running with procedural algorithms (for example perlin noise). The players (/clients) can modify the properties of these objects, but have to notify the server of these changes. How could this communication address unique objects, so that both the server and the client know of which object they are speaking? Not only the inner properties of the objects can differ, but also visible, such as the position. When the player wants to select one of these objects the game has to find out the id - does anyone know which methods or algorithms can accomplish that?

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• Best way to handle realtime melee AI in authoritative network environment

  - by PrimeDerektive

  So i've been working on a multiplayer game for a bit; it's a co-op action RPG with real-time combat. If you've seen or played TERA, I'd say it's comparable to that, but not an MMO, heh. I'm currently handling the AI units authoritatively, the server calculates their pathing, movement, and pursue/attack logic, and syncs the movement to the clients 15x per second, and the state changes when they happen. When I emulate 200ms ping, though, the client can perceive being out of range to an AI's attack, but still take the hit, because on the server he hadn't moved that far yet. This also plays hell with my real-time blocking. I don't really want to allow the clients to be allowed to say "that was out of range" or "I blocked that", but I'm not really sure how else to handle it.

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• Any interesting thesis topic?

  - by revers

  Hi, I study Computer Science at Technical University of Lodz (in Poland) with Computer Game and Simulation Technology specialization. I'm going to defend BSc thesis next year and I was wondering what topic I could choose but nothing really interesting is coming to my mind. Maybe You could help me and suggest some subjects related to programming graphics, games or simulations? (or maybe something else that is interesting enough :) ). I would be very grateful for any suggestion!

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• Changing DisplayMode seems not to update Input&Graphic Dimension

  - by coding.mof

  I'm writing a small game using Slick and Nifty-GUI. At the program startup I set the DisplayMode using the following lines: AppGameContainer app = new ... app.setDisplayMode( 800, 600, false ); app.start(); I wrote a Nifty-ScreenController for my settings dialog in which the user can select the desired DisplayMode. When I try to set the new DisplayMode within this controller class the game window gets resized correctly but the Graphics and Input objects aren't updated accordingly. Therefore my rendering code just uses a part of the new window. I tried to set different DisplayModes in the main method to test if it's generally possible to invoke this method multiple times. It seems that changing the DisplayMode only works before I call app.start(). Furthermore I tried to update the Graphics & Input object manually but the init and setDimensions methods are package private. :( Does someone know what I'm doing wrong and how to change the DisplayMode correctly?

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• Render 3d object to 2d surface (embedded system)

  - by Martin Berger

  i am working on an embedded system of a sort, and in some free time i would like to test its drawing capabilities. System in question is ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller attached to EasyMX Stellaris board. And i have a small 320x240 TFT screen :) Now, i have some free time each day and i want to create rotating cube. Micro C PRO for ARM doesnt have 3d drawing capabilities, which means it must be done in software. From the book Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 10 i know matrix algebra for transformations but that is cool when you have DirectX to set camera right. I gues i could make 2d object to rotate, but how would i go with 3d one? Any ideas and examples are welcome. Although i would prefer advices. I'd like to understand this.

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• In MMO game, how to handle user characters, who are offline?

  - by Deele

  In my medieval MMO game, players have their own character, that represents themselves inside game. Like a King. Players could have cities and armies, but King acts as main driving force. Then it comes to player, going offline/vacation/disconnect. How to deal with "offline King", to keep some sort of reality in game, without ruining everything for player. I have never liked unrealistic stuff in games, like appearing/dissapearing from thin air, like in WoW or other MMO RPG's, when it comes to connect/disconnect, like in Matrix movie, when you are disconnected, your "avatar" inside the system just vaninshes. Ok, if player char stays where it was left, other players who are online could kick his ass like offline player char was frozen? I see only one solution - give player char, while offline, some sort of AI, that controls char. Is there any other solutions? May be, some sort of legend/story, could make users only as inner-voice, leaving King just passively controlled by user, or other stuff... Please, help! I hope you understand my question.

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• Check if an object is facing another based on angles

  - by Isaiah

  I already have something that calculates the bearing angle to get one object to face another. You give it the positions and it returns the angle to get one to face the other. Now I need to figure out how tell if on object is facing toward another object within a specified field and I can't find any information about how to do this. The objects are obj1 and obj2. Their angles are at obj1.angle and obj2.angle. Their vectors are at obj1.pos and obj2.pos. It's in the format [x,y]. The angle to have one face directly at another is found with direction(obj1.pos,obj2.pos). I want to set the function up like this: isfacing(obj1,obj2,area){...} and return true/false depending if it's in the specified field area to the angle to directly see it. I've got a base like this: var isfacing = function (obj1,obj2,area){ var toface = direction(obj1.pos,obj2.pos); if(toface+area >= obj1.angle && ob1.angle >= toface-area){ return true; } return false; } But my problem is that the angles are in 360 degrees, never above 360 and never below 0. How can I account for that in this? If the first object's angle is say at 0 and say I subtract a field area of 20 or so. It'll check if it's less than -20! If I fix the -20 it becomes 340 but x < 340 isn't what I want, I'd have to x 340 in that case. Is there someone out there with more sleep than I that can help a new dev pulling an all-nighter just to get enemies to know if they're attacking in the right direction? I hope I'm making this harder than it seems. I'd just make them always face the main char if the producer didn't want attacks from behind to work while blocking. In which case I'll need the function above anyways. I've tried to give as much info as I can think would help. Also this is in 2d.

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• How should I handle "real time" events in an online strategy game?

  - by Hojat Taheri

  Some online strategy games have real time events. For example when you send troops to attack somewhere, the attack happens at the right time in the future. Checking the database again and again to get the list of attacks happening each second would cause heavy load. Is there any technique to achieve this goal? Another example: You want to attack a village 3 hours away, you send troops and the attack occurs 3 hours later. Should there be an script to check the database at each second to run the query at the specified time?

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• Make Interactive Story more Variable [on hold]

  - by Guest0343

  I'm creating an interactive story that allows users to make choices based on a story. However, it doesn't give users room to do much creatively on their own. They are bound by the script at the moment. I'm wondering if anyone can suggest any element I can add that might give users some personalization. I was thinking about maybe character editing, but that doesn't add too much. I also thought about a stats system where they can have certain attributes and stats they might earn, but I'm not sure how they might use those stats. Anything is helpful!

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• Managing multiple references of the same game entity in different places using IDs

  - by vargonian

  I've seen great questions on similar topics, but none that addressed this particular method: Given that I have multiple collections of game entities in my [XNA Game Studio] game, with many entities belonging to multiple lists, I'm considering ways I could keep track of whenever an entity is destroyed and remove it from the lists it belongs to. A lot of potential methods seem sloppy/convoluted, but I'm reminded of a way I've seen before in which, instead of having multiple collections of game entities, you have collections of game entity IDs instead. These IDs map to game entities via a central "database" (perhaps just a hash table). So, whenever any bit of code wants to access a game entity's members, it first checks to see if it's even in the database still. If not, it can react accordingly. Is this a sound approach? It seems that it would eliminate many of the risks/hassles of storing multiple lists, with the tradeoff being the cost of the lookup every time you want to access an object.

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• Avoid double compression of resources

  - by user1095108

  I am using .pngs for my textures and am using a virtual file system in a .zip file for my game project. This means my textures are compressed and decompressed twice. What are the solutions to this double compression problem? One solution I've heard about is to use .tgas for textures, but it seems ages ago, since I've heard that. Another solution is to implement decompression on the GPU and, since that is fast, forget about the overhead.

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