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  • Problem calling stored procedure with a fixed length binary parameter using Entity Framework

    - by Dave
    I have a problem calling stored procedures with a fixed length binary parameter using Entity Framework. The stored procedure ends up being called with 8000 bytes of data no matter what size byte array I use to call the function import. To give some example, this is the code I am using. byte[] cookie = new byte[32]; byte[] data = new byte[2]; entities.Insert("param1", "param2", cookie, data); The parameters are nvarchar(50), nvarchar(50), binary(32), varbinary(2000) When I run the code through SQL profiler, I get this result. exec [dbo].[Insert] @param1=N'param1',@param2=N'param2',@cookie=0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 [SNIP because of 16000 zeros] ,@data=0x0000 All parameters went through ok other than the binary(32) cookie. The varbinary(2000) seemed to work fine and the correct length was maintained. Is there a way to prevent the extra data being sent to SQL server? This seems like a big waste of network resource.

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  • DllImport Based on OS Platform

    - by Ngu Soon Hui
    I have a mixture of unmanaged code ( backend) and managed code ( front end), as such, I would need to call the unmanaged code from my managed code, using interop techniques and DllImport attribute. Now, I've compiled two versions of unmanaged code, for both 32 and 64 bit OS; they are named service32.dll and service64.dll respectively. So, in my .Net code, I would have to do a DllImport for both dlls: [DllImport(@"service32.dll")] //for 32 bit OS invocation public static void SimpleFunction(); [DllImport(@"service64.dll")] //for 64 bit OS invocation public static void SimpleFunction(); And call them depending on which platform my application is running on. The issue now is that for every unmanaged function, I have to declared it twice, one for 32 bit OS and one for 64 bit OS. This is a duplication of work, and everytime I change the signature of an unmanaged function, I have to modified it in two places. Is there anyway that I can change the argument in DllImport so that the correct dll will be invoked automagically, depending on the platform?

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  • Maximum number of bytes that can be sent on a TCP connection

    - by iamrohitbanga
    I initially assumed that since tcp has a sequence number field of 32 bits and each byte sent on a tcp connection is labeled with a unique number, maximum number of bytes that can be sent on a tcp connection is about 2^32-1 or 2^32-2 (which?). but now I feel that since TCP is a sliding window protocol, the wraparound of sequence numbers during the connection should not have an affect on the maximum number of bytes that can be sent over a tcp connection as long as the when wraparound occurs the old packet is no longer in the network (it is sent after 2*MSL). What is the correct answer?

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  • PostgreSQL: keep a certain number of records in a table

    - by Alexander Farber
    Hello, I have an SQL-table holding the last hands received by a player in card game. The hand is represented by an integer (32 bits == 32 cards): create table pref_hand ( id varchar(32) references pref_users, hand integer not NULL check (hand > 0), stamp timestamp default current_timestamp ); As the players are playing constantly and that data isn't important (just a gimmick to be displayed at player profile pages) and I don't want my database to grow too quickly, I'd like to keep only up to 10 records per player id. So I'm trying to declare this PL/PgSQL procedure: create or replace function pref_update_game(_id varchar, _hand integer) returns void as $BODY$ begin delete from pref_hand offset 10 where id=_id order by stamp; insert into pref_hand (id, hand) values (_id, _hand); end; $BODY$ language plpgsql; but unfortunately this fails with: ERROR: syntax error at or near "offset" because delete doesn't support offset. Does anybody please have a better idea here? Thank you! Alex

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  • navigationproblem

    - by sudhakarilla
    I have problem .. i get debugerror i will used in json Category *selectcategory = [[data categorys]objectAtindex:indexPath.row]; productlistviewcontroller *plviewcontroller = [[productlistviewcontroller alloc]initwithNibName:@"productlistviewcontroller" bundle:nil]; plviewcontroller.category = selectedcategory; [self.navigationcontroller pushviewcontroller:plviewcontroller animated:YES]; please check the my program. it doesnot goto nextviewcontroller. console error is 2009-02-13 18:32:17.405 xxxxxxxx[1491:20b] * -[NsDecimalNumber length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0xc3f10ff0 2009-02-13 18:32:17.406 xxxxxxxx[1491:20b] Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '** -[NsDecimalNumber length ]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0xc3f10ff0' 2009-02-13 18:32:17.406 xxxxxxxx[1491:20b] Stack: ( 2417225995, 2527100475, 2417255178, 2417248524, 2417248722, 22199, 9853, 816111650, 816149355, 2458333742, 2416728869, 2416729304, 827745792, 827745989, 816114848, 816160924, 9628, 9482 ) please send soluation...

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  • php - efficent way to get and remove first line in file

    - by Marco Demaio
    Hello, I have a script that each time is called gets the 1st line of a file. Each line is known to be exactly of the same length (32 alphanumerci chars) and terminates with a "\r\n". After getting the 1st line, the script removes it. Now I do in this way: $contents = file_get_contents($file)); $first_line = substr($contents, 0, 32); file_put_contents($file, substr($contents, 32 + 2)); //+2 because we remove also the \r\n Obvioulsy it works, but I was wondering if there could be a smarter (or more efficent) way to do this??? In my simple solution I basically read and rewrite all the file just to take and remove the 1st line. Thanks!

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  • RoR model field without validators, has*, delegates, etc

    - by jackr
    How can I declare a field, in the Rails model, when it doesn't have any "has_" relations, or validations, or delegations? I just need to ensure its existence and column width in the schema. Currently, I have no mention of the field in the "schema section" of the model file, but it's referenced in various methods that use it, and this seems to work. However, depending on my exact creation workflow, the underlying database table may be created as t.binary "field_name", :limit => 32 or t.binary "field_name", :limit => 255 This is not a restriction on the value (any binary value is valid, even NULL), only on the table column declaration. As it happens, 32 is enough -- it never receives any larger value, it's only ever written to like this: self.field_name = SecureRandom.random_bytes(32)

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  • select command in mysql doesnot return any row

    - by jeyshree
    i created a database using the command CREATE TABLE login_table2(user_name VARCHAR(32), first_name VARCHAR(32), last_name VARCHAR(32), password VARCHAR(64)); then i inserted a data using command INSERT INTO login_table2(user_name ,first_name , last_name , password ) VALUES('ramya', 'ramya', 'muthu', 'India'); the data got inserted into the table. then i inserted another set of data using command INSERT INTO login_table2(user_name ,first_name , last_name , password ) VALUES('jeyshree', 'jey', 'shree', 'India'); the data got inserted into the table too. then i gave the command SELECT first_name FROM login_table2; the command displayed all the first_ name in the table. however when i gave the command SELECT password FROM login_table2 WHERE user_name = 'ramya'; it does not fetch anything though the entry exist in the table.mention where i am going wrong.awaiting your reply.

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  • How can I rewrite Verilog code to remove extra reg?

    - by EquinoX
    How can I rewrite the code below so that I don't need to have an extra reg mul. I just wanted to take the 32 bits of the resulting 32 * 32 bit multiplication and put it into Result input signed[31:0] Reg1; input signed[31:0] Reg2; output[31:0] Result; reg signed[31:0] Result; reg[63:0] mul; mul = Reg1 * Reg2; Result = mul[31:0];

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  • Why doesn't a 32bit .deb package install on 64bit Ubuntu?

    - by codebox_rob
    My .deb package, built on 32-bit Ubuntu and containing executables compiled with gcc, won't install on the 64-bit version of the OS (the error message says 'Wrong architecture i386'). This is confusing to me because I thought that in general 32-bit software worked on 64-bit hardware, but not vice-versa. Will it be possible for me to produce a .deb file that I can install on a 64-bit OS, using my 32-bit machine? Is it just a matter of using the appropriate compiler flags to produce the executables (and if so what are they), or is the .deb file itself somehow specific to one processor architecture?

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  • python compare time

    - by Jesse Siu
    i want to using python create filter for a log file. get recent 7 days record. but when i didn't know how to compare time. like current time is 11/9/2012, i want to get records from 04/9/2012 to now the log file like Sat Sep 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12461] CONNECT: Client "66.249.68.236" Sat Sep 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12460] [ftp] OK LOGIN: Client "66.249.68.236", anon password "[email protected]" Sat Sep 2 03:32:14 2012 [pid 12462] [ftp] OK DOWNLOAD: Client "66.249.68.236", "/pub/10.5524/100001_101000/100022/readme.txt", 451 i using this one def OnlyRecent(line): print time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") print time.time() if time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") < time.time(): return True return False But it shows (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 13, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 13, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 14, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 the time format is different, and it can't compare time. So how to set this comparison in 7 days. Thanks

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  • Great Customer Service Example

    - by MightyZot
    A few days ago I wrote about what I consider a poor customer service interaction with TiVo, a company that I have been faithful to for the past 12 years or so. In that post I talked about how they helped me, but I felt like I was doing something wrong at the end of the call – when in reality I was just following through with an offer that TiVo made possible through my cable company. Today I had a wonderful customer service interaction with American Express, another company that I have been loyal to for many years.(I am a Gold Card member.) I like my Amex card because I can use it for big purchases and it forces me to pay them off at the end of the month. Well, the reality is that I’m not always so good at doing that, so sometimes my payments are over a couple of months.  :) A few days ago I received an email from “American Express” fraud detection. The email stated that I should call a toll free number and have the last four digits of my card handy. I grew up during the BBS era with some creative and somewhat mischievous friends. I’ve learned to be extremely cautious with regard to my online life! So, I did what you would expect…I sent them a nice reply that said “Go screw yourself.” For the past couple of days someone has been trying to call me and I assumed it was the same prankster trying to get the last four digits of my card. The last caller left a message indicating that they were from American Express and they wanted to talk to me about my card. After looking up their customer service numbers on the www.americanexpress.com web site, I called and was put through to the fraud detection group. The rep explained that there were some charges on my wife’s card that did not fit our purchase profile. She went through each charge and, for the most part, they looked like charges my wife may have made. My wife had asked to use the card for some Christmas shopping during the same timeframe as the charges. The American Express rep very politely explained that these looked out of character to her. She continued through the charges. She listed a charge for $160 – at this point my adrenaline started kicking in. My wife said she was going to charge about $25 or $30 dollars, not $160. Next, the rep listed a charge for over $1200. Uh oh!! Now I know that my account has been compromised. I informed the rep that we definitely did not make those charges. She replied with, “that’s ok Mr Pope, we declined those charges as well as some others.” We went through the pending charges and there were a couple more that were questionable. The rep very patiently waited while I called my wife on my office phone to verify the charges. Sure enough, my wife had not ordered anything from Netflix or purchased anything with Yahoo Wallet! “No problem Mr Pope, we will remove those charges as well.” “We are going to cancel your wife’s card and send her a new one. She will receive it by 7pm tomorrow via Federal Express. Please watch your statements over the next couple of months. If you notice anything fishy, give us a call and we will take care of it for you.” (Wow, I’m thinking to myself!) “Is there anything else I can help you with Mr Pope?” “Nope, thank you very much for catching this so early and declining those charges!”, I said smiling. Apparently she could hear me smiling on the other end of the phone line because she replied with “keep smiling Mr Pope and have a good rest of your week.” Now THAT’s customer service!  Thank you American Express!!! I shall remain an ever faithful customer. Interesting…

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  • C function const multidimensional-array argument strange warning

    - by rogi
    Ehllo, I'm getting some strange warning about this code: typedef double mat4[4][4]; void mprod4(mat4 r, const mat4 a, const mat4 b) { /* yes, function is empty */ } int main() { mat4 mr, ma, mb; mprod4(mr, ma, mb); } gcc output as follows: $ gcc -o test test.c test.c: In function 'main': test.c:13: warning: passing argument 2 of 'mprod4' from incompatible pointer type test.c:4: note: expected 'const double (*)[4]' but argument is of type 'double (*)[4]' test.c:13: warning: passing argument 3 of 'mprod4' from incompatible pointer type test.c:4: note: expected 'const double ()[4]' but argument is of type 'double ()[4]' defining the function as: void mprod4(mat4 r, mat4 a, mat4 b) { } OR defining matrices at main as: mat4 mr; const mat4 ma; const mat4 mb; OR calling teh function in main as: mprod4(mr, (const double(*)[4])ma, (const double(*)[4])mb); OR even defining mat4 as: typedef double mat4[16]; make teh warning go away. Wat is happening here? Am I doing something invalid? gcc version is 4.4.3 if relevant. Thanks for your attention.

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  • How to get short month names in Joda Time?

    - by Mr Morgan
    Hello Does anyone know if there's a method in Joda Time or Java itself which takes either an int or a String as an argument, e.g. 4 or "4" and gives the name of the month back in short format, i.e. JAN for January? I suppose long month names can be truncated and converted to upper case. Thanks Mr Morgan.

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  • How to convert String to Java.sql.date and Java.sql.time

    - by Mr Morgan
    Hello If I have a method like this: public static String convertDateTimeToString(DateTime dt) { return dt.getDate() + " " + dt.getTime(); } Which takes a Datetime object of my own which contains a Java.sql.date and a Java.sql.time, what is the best way of reversing the process so that I can substring a Java.sql.date and a Java.sql.time from a string? Or if DateTime dt is a JodaTime DateTime object? If this can be done without reference to Java.util.date. Thanks Mr Morgan.

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  • Oracle Linux 6 DVDs Now Available

    - by sergio.leunissen
    On Sunday 6 February 2011, Oracle Linux 6 was released on the Unbreakable Linux Network for customers with an Oracle Linux support subscription. Shortly after that, the Oracle Linux 6 RPMs were made available on our public yum server. Today we published the installation DVD images on edelivery.oracle.com/linux. Oracle Linux 6 is free to download, install and use. The full release notes are here, but similar to my recent post about Oracle Linux 5.6, I wanted to highlight a few items about this release. Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel As is the case with Oracle Linux 5.6, the default installed kernel on x86_64 platform in Oracle Linux 6 is the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. If you haven't already, I highly recommend you watch the replay of this webcast by Chris Mason on the performance improvements made in this kernel. # uname -r 2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is delivered via the package kernel-uek: [root@localhost ~]# yum info kernel-uek ... Installed Packages Name : kernel-uek Arch : x86_64 Version : 2.6.32 Release : 100.28.5.el6 Size : 84 M Repo : installed From repo : anaconda-OracleLinuxServer-201102031546.x86_64 Summary : The Linux kernel URL : http://www.kernel.org/ License : GPLv2 Description: The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of : any Linux operating system. The kernel handles the basic functions : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, : device input and output, etc. ext4 file system The ext4 or fourth extended filesystem replaces ext3 as the default filesystem in Oracle Linux 6. # mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Red Hat compatible kernel Oracle Linux 6 also includes a Red Hat compatible kernel built directly from RHEL source. It's already installed, so booting it is a matter of editing /etc/grub.conf # rpm -qa | grep kernel-2.6.32 kernel-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 Oracle Linux 6 no longer includes a Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes. The only Red Hat compatible kernel included is the one built directly from RHEL source. Yum-only access to Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) Oracle Linux 6 uses yum exclusively for access to Unbreakable Linux Network. To register your system with ULN, use the following command: # uln_register No Itanium Support Oracle Linux 6 is not supported on the Itanium (ia64) platform. Next Steps Read the release notes Download Oracle Linux 6 for free Discuss on the Oracle Linux forum

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  • How to install Juniper VPN on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

    - by Max Ricardo Mercurio Ribeiro
    Could you please help me ? On my old Ubuntu 13.10 I was able to run Juniper VPN (on Firefox only) using a workaround which requires you to install the missing 32libs and IcedTea (32bits). However, I recently upgraded from Ubuntu 13.10 to 14.04 (both 64 bits) and my Juniper VPN does not work anymore because it fails during startup showing the following message: "Please ensure that necessary 32 bit libraries are installed. For more details, refer KB article KB25230" "Setup failed. Please install 32 bit Java and update alternatives links using update-alternatives command. For more details, refer KB article KB25230" For some odd reason, it seems the 14.04 upgrade do not work anymore with the openjdk-7:386 and consequently the Juniper VPN as well. Any ideas ? Thanks

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  • IIS 7&rsquo;s Sneaky Secret to Get COM-InterOp to Run

    - by David Hoerster
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/DavidHoerster/archive/2013/06/17/iis-7rsquos-sneaky-secret-to-get-com-interop-to-run.aspxIf you’re like me, you don’t really do a lot with COM components these days.  For me, I’ve been ‘lucky’ to stay in the managed world for the past 6 or 7 years. Until last week. I’m running a project to upgrade a web interface to an older COM-based application.  The old web interface is all classic ASP and lots of tables, in-line styles and a bunch of other late 90’s and early 2000’s goodies.  So in addition to updating the UI to be more modern looking and responsive, I decided to give the server side an update, too.  So I built some COM-InterOp DLL’s (easily through VS2012’s Add Reference feature…nothing new here) and built a test console line app to make sure the COM DLL’s were actually built according to the COM spec.  There’s a document management system that I’m thinking of whose COM DLLs were not proper COM DLLs and crashed and burned every time .NET tried to call them through a COM-InterOp layer. Anyway, my test app worked like a champ and I felt confident that I could build a nice façade around the COM DLL’s and wrap some functionality internally and only expose to my users/clients what they really needed. So I did this, built some tests and also built a test web app to make sure everything worked great.  It did.  It ran fine in IIS Express via Visual Studio 2012, and the timings were very close to the pure Classic ASP calls, so there wasn’t much overhead involved going through the COM-InterOp layer. You know where this is going, don’t you? So I deployed my test app to a DEV server running IIS 7.5.  When I went to my first test page that called the COM-InterOp layer, I got this pretty message: Retrieving the COM class factory for component with CLSID {81C08CAE-1453-11D4-BEBC-00500457076D} failed due to the following error: 80040154 Class not registered (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)). It worked as a console app and while running under IIS Express, so it must be permissions, right?  I gave every account I could think of all sorts of COM+ rights and nothing, nada, zilch! Then I came across this question on Experts Exchange, and at the bottom of the page, someone mentioned that the app pool should be running to allow 32-bit apps to run.  Oh yeah, my machine is 64-bit; these COM DLL’s I’m using are old and are definitely 32-bit.  I didn’t check for that and didn’t even think about that.  But I went ahead and looked at the app pool that my web site was running under and what did I see?  Yep, select your app pool in IIS 7.x, click on Advanced Settings and check for “Enable 32-bit Applications”. I went ahead and set it to True and my test application suddenly worked. Hope this helps somebody out there from pulling out your hair.

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  • Limiting DOPs &ndash; Who rules over whom?

    - by jean-pierre.dijcks
    I've gotten a couple of questions from Dan Morgan and figured I start to answer them in this way. While Dan is running on a big system he is running with Database Resource Manager and he is trying to make sure the system doesn't go crazy (remember end user are never, ever crazy!) on very high DOPs. Q: How do I control statements with very high DOPs driven from user hints in queries? A: The best way to do this is to work with DBRM and impose limits on consumer groups. The Max DOP setting you can set in DBRM allows you to overwrite the hint. Now let's go into some more detail here. Assume my object (and for simplicity we assume there is a single object - and do remember that we always pick the highest DOP when in doubt and when conflicting DOPs are available in a query) has PARALLEL 64 as its setting. Assume that the query that selects something cool from that table lives in a consumer group with a max DOP of 32. Assume no goofy things (like running out of parallel_max_servers) are happening. A query selecting from this table will run at DOP 32 because DBRM caps the DOP. As of 11.2.0.1 we also use the DBRM cap to create the original plan (at compile time) and not just enforce the cap at runtime. Now, my user is smart and writes a query with a parallel hint requesting DOP 128. This query is still capped by DBRM and DBRM overrules the hint in the statement. The statement, despite the hint, runs at DOP 32. Note that in the hinted scenario we do compile the statement with DOP 128 (the optimizer obeys the hint). This is another reason to use table decoration rather than hints. Q: What happens if I set parallel_max_servers higher than processes (e.g. the max number of processes allowed to run on my machine)? A: Processes rules. It is important to understand that processes are fixed at startup time. If you increase parallel_max_servers above the number of processes in the processes parameter you should get a warning in the alert log stating it can not take effect. As a follow up, a hinted query requesting more parallel processes than either parallel_max_servers or processes will not be able to acquire the requested number. Parallel_max_processes will prevent this. And since parallel_max_servers should be lower than max processes you can never go over either...

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  • How do I send traffic from my Mac's wifi to my VPN client?

    - by Heath Borders
    I need to connect my Android to a Juniper VPN. Unfortunately, Juniper doesn't support Android on our VPN version. We've already put in a feature request for it, but we have no idea how long it will take to be complete. Right now, I connect to the Juniper VPN with a Juniper Mac OSX VPN client that uses Java to install kernel extensions to start and stop the VPN. Thus, I can't use the Network panel in System Preferences to create a VPN device, which means it won't show up in the 'Sharing' panel's Internet Sharing Share your connection from: menu, as suggested here. I used newproc.d to see what /usr/libexec/InternetSharing did when it ran, and it runs the following processes: 2013 Nov 1 00:26:54 5565 <1> 64b /usr/libexec/launchdadd 2013 Nov 1 00:26:55 5566 <1> 64b /usr/libexec/InternetSharing 2013 Nov 1 00:26:56 5568 <5566> 64b natpmpd -d -y bridge100 en0 2013 Nov 1 00:26:56 5569 <1> 64b /usr/libexec/pfd -d 2013 Nov 1 00:26:56 5567 <5566> 64b bootpd -d -P My Juniper VPN client creates the following devices (output of ifconfig): jnc0: flags=841<UP,RUNNING,SIMPLEX> mtu 1400 inet 10.61.9.61 netmask 0xffffffff open (pid 920) jnc1: flags=841<UP,RUNNING,SIMPLEX> mtu 1450 closed So, it seems like I should just be able to do this and have everything work: sudo killall -9 natpmpd sudo /usr/libexec/natpmpd -y bridge100 jnc0 My android connected fine and could hit public internet sites, but it couldn't hit private VPN sites. I assume this is because I need to change the routes that /usr/libexec/InternetSharing sets up. This is the output from sudo pfctl -s all before starting Internet Sharing: No ALTQ support in kernel ALTQ related functions disabled TRANSLATION RULES: nat-anchor "com.apple/*" all rdr-anchor "com.apple/*" all FILTER RULES: scrub-anchor "com.apple/*" all fragment reassemble anchor "com.apple/*" all DUMMYNET RULES: dummynet-anchor "com.apple/*" all INFO: Status: Disabled for 0 days 00:11:02 Debug: Urgent State Table Total Rate current entries 0 searches 22875 34.6/s inserts 1558 2.4/s removals 1558 2.4/s Counters match 2005 3.0/s bad-offset 0 0.0/s fragment 0 0.0/s short 0 0.0/s normalize 0 0.0/s memory 0 0.0/s bad-timestamp 0 0.0/s congestion 0 0.0/s ip-option 12 0.0/s proto-cksum 0 0.0/s state-mismatch 1 0.0/s state-insert 0 0.0/s state-limit 0 0.0/s src-limit 0 0.0/s synproxy 0 0.0/s dummynet 0 0.0/s TIMEOUTS: tcp.first 120s tcp.opening 30s tcp.established 86400s tcp.closing 900s tcp.finwait 45s tcp.closed 90s tcp.tsdiff 60s udp.first 60s udp.single 30s udp.multiple 120s icmp.first 20s icmp.error 10s grev1.first 120s grev1.initiating 30s grev1.estblished 1800s esp.first 120s esp.estblished 900s other.first 60s other.single 30s other.multiple 120s frag 30s interval 10s adaptive.start 6000 states adaptive.end 12000 states src.track 0s LIMITS: states hard limit 10000 app-states hard limit 10000 src-nodes hard limit 10000 frags hard limit 5000 tables hard limit 1000 table-entries hard limit 200000 OS FINGERPRINTS: 696 fingerprints loaded This is the output from sudo pfctl -s all after starting Internet Sharing: No ALTQ support in kernel ALTQ related functions disabled TRANSLATION RULES: nat-anchor "com.apple/*" all nat-anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all rdr-anchor "com.apple/*" all rdr-anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all FILTER RULES: scrub-anchor "com.apple/*" all fragment reassemble scrub-anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all fragment reassemble anchor "com.apple/*" all anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all DUMMYNET RULES: dummynet-anchor "com.apple/*" all STATES: ALL tcp 10.0.1.32:50593 -> 74.125.225.113:443 SYN_SENT:CLOSED ALL udp 10.0.1.32:61534 -> 10.0.1.1:53 SINGLE:NO_TRAFFIC ALL udp 10.0.1.32:55433 -> 10.0.1.1:53 SINGLE:NO_TRAFFIC ALL udp 10.0.1.32:64041 -> 10.0.1.1:53 SINGLE:NO_TRAFFIC ALL tcp 10.0.1.32:50619 -> 74.125.225.131:443 SYN_SENT:CLOSED INFO: Status: Enabled for 0 days 00:00:01 Debug: Urgent State Table Total Rate current entries 5 searches 22886 22886.0/s inserts 1563 1563.0/s removals 1558 1558.0/s Counters match 2010 2010.0/s bad-offset 0 0.0/s fragment 0 0.0/s short 0 0.0/s normalize 0 0.0/s memory 0 0.0/s bad-timestamp 0 0.0/s congestion 0 0.0/s ip-option 12 12.0/s proto-cksum 0 0.0/s state-mismatch 1 1.0/s state-insert 0 0.0/s state-limit 0 0.0/s src-limit 0 0.0/s synproxy 0 0.0/s dummynet 0 0.0/s TIMEOUTS: tcp.first 120s tcp.opening 30s tcp.established 86400s tcp.closing 900s tcp.finwait 45s tcp.closed 90s tcp.tsdiff 60s udp.first 60s udp.single 30s udp.multiple 120s icmp.first 20s icmp.error 10s grev1.first 120s grev1.initiating 30s grev1.estblished 1800s esp.first 120s esp.estblished 900s other.first 60s other.single 30s other.multiple 120s frag 30s interval 10s adaptive.start 6000 states adaptive.end 12000 states src.track 0s LIMITS: states hard limit 10000 app-states hard limit 10000 src-nodes hard limit 10000 frags hard limit 5000 tables hard limit 1000 table-entries hard limit 200000 TABLES: OS FINGERPRINTS: 696 fingerprints loaded It looks like I need to change the pf settings that /usr/libexec/InternetSharing set up, but I have no idea how to do that.

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  • Auto DOP and Concurrency

    - by jean-pierre.dijcks
    After spending some time in the cloud, I figured it is time to come down to earth and start discussing some of the new Auto DOP features some more. As Database Machines (the v2 machine runs Oracle Database 11.2) are effectively selling like hotcakes, it makes some sense to talk about the new parallel features in more detail. For basic understanding make sure you have read the initial post. The focus there is on Auto DOP and queuing, which is to some extend the focus here. But now I want to discuss the concurrency a little and explain some of the relevant parameters and their impact, specifically in a situation with concurrency on the system. The goal of Auto DOP The idea behind calculating the Automatic Degree of Parallelism is to find the highest possible DOP (ideal DOP) that still scales. In other words, if we were to increase the DOP even more  above a certain DOP we would see a tailing off of the performance curve and the resource cost / performance would become less optimal. Therefore the ideal DOP is the best resource/performance point for that statement. The goal of Queuing On a normal production system we should see statements running concurrently. On a Database Machine we typically see high concurrency rates, so we need to find a way to deal with both high DOP’s and high concurrency. Queuing is intended to make sure we Don’t throttle down a DOP because other statements are running on the system Stay within the physical limits of a system’s processing power Instead of making statements go at a lower DOP we queue them to make sure they will get all the resources they want to run efficiently without trashing the system. The theory – and hopefully – practice is that by giving a statement the optimal DOP the sum of all statements runs faster with queuing than without queuing. Increasing the Number of Potential Parallel Statements To determine how many statements we will consider running in parallel a single parameter should be looked at. That parameter is called PARALLEL_MIN_TIME_THRESHOLD. The default value is set to 10 seconds. So far there is nothing new here…, but do realize that anything serial (e.g. that stays under the threshold) goes straight into processing as is not considered in the rest of this post. Now, if you have a system where you have two groups of queries, serial short running and potentially parallel long running ones, you may want to worry only about the long running ones with this parallel statement threshold. As an example, lets assume the short running stuff runs on average between 1 and 15 seconds in serial (and the business is quite happy with that). The long running stuff is in the realm of 1 – 5 minutes. It might be a good choice to set the threshold to somewhere north of 30 seconds. That way the short running queries all run serial as they do today (if it ain’t broken, don’t fix it) and allows the long running ones to be evaluated for (higher degrees of) parallelism. This makes sense because the longer running ones are (at least in theory) more interesting to unleash a parallel processing model on and the benefits of running these in parallel are much more significant (again, that is mostly the case). Setting a Maximum DOP for a Statement Now that you know how to control how many of your statements are considered to run in parallel, lets talk about the specific degree of any given statement that will be evaluated. As the initial post describes this is controlled by PARALLEL_DEGREE_LIMIT. This parameter controls the degree on the entire cluster and by default it is CPU (meaning it equals Default DOP). For the sake of an example, let’s say our Default DOP is 32. Looking at our 5 minute queries from the previous paragraph, the limit to 32 means that none of the statements that are evaluated for Auto DOP ever runs at more than DOP of 32. Concurrently Running a High DOP A basic assumption about running high DOP statements at high concurrency is that you at some point in time (and this is true on any parallel processing platform!) will run into a resource limitation. And yes, you can then buy more hardware (e.g. expand the Database Machine in Oracle’s case), but that is not the point of this post… The goal is to find a balance between the highest possible DOP for each statement and the number of statements running concurrently, but with an emphasis on running each statement at that highest efficiency DOP. The PARALLEL_SERVER_TARGET parameter is the all important concurrency slider here. Setting this parameter to a higher number means more statements get to run at their maximum parallel degree before queuing kicks in.  PARALLEL_SERVER_TARGET is set per instance (so needs to be set to the same value on all 8 nodes in a full rack Database Machine). Just as a side note, this parameter is set in processes, not in DOP, which equates to 4* Default DOP (2 processes for a DOP, default value is 2 * Default DOP, hence a default of 4 * Default DOP). Let’s say we have PARALLEL_SERVER_TARGET set to 128. With our limit set to 32 (the default) we are able to run 4 statements concurrently at the highest DOP possible on this system before we start queuing. If these 4 statements are running, any next statement will be queued. To run a system at high concurrency the PARALLEL_SERVER_TARGET should be raised from its default to be much closer (start with 60% or so) to PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS. By using both PARALLEL_SERVER_TARGET and PARALLEL_DEGREE_LIMIT you can control easily how many statements run concurrently at good DOPs without excessive queuing. Because each workload is a little different, it makes sense to plan ahead and look at these parameters and set these based on your requirements.

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