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  • Time/duration handling in strategic game

    - by borg
    I'm considering developing a space opera game, having already done some game design. Technically, though, I'm coming from a business applications background. Hence I don't really know how I should handle time and duration. Let's state the matter clearly: what if something is bound to happen in 5 hours and on which other events depend. For example the arrival of some space ship in some system where some defense systems are present, hence a fight would start. Should I use some kind of scheduler (like Quartz in my java land) to trigger the corresponding event when due (I plan to use events for communication)? Something else?

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  • How to create array with unique sprites? in cocos2d iphone

    - by prakash s
    I write the code like this. This displays only one sprite (red colour bubble) with number of times and moving down, but actually I want to display different sprites (different colour bubble) every time and moving down. I also add no of .png images in resource folder of my project. Here I used only 3.png, but I need to display all *.png images (different colour bubbles) in my project but I don't know how to get this. Please help me Thank you. Here is the code: -(void)addTarget { CCSprite *target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"3.png" rect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 256, 256)]; CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; int minY = target.contentSize.height/2; int maxY = winSize.height - target.contentSize.height/2; int rangeY = maxY - minY; int actualY = (arc4random() % rangeY) + minY; // Create the target slightly off-screen along the right edge, // and along a random position along the Y axis as calculated above target.position = ccp(winSize.width + (target.contentSize.width/2), actualY); [self addChild:target]; // Determine speed of the target int minDuration = 4.0; int maxDuration = 12.0; int rangeDuration = maxDuration - minDuration; int actualDuration = (arc4random() % rangeDuration) + minDuration; // Create the actions id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:actualDuration position:ccp(-target.contentSize.width/2,actualY)]; id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; // Add to targets array target.tag = 2; [_targets addObject:target]; } -(void)gameLogic:(ccTime)dt { [self addTarget]; } -(id) init { if( (self=[super initWithColor:ccc4(255,255,255,255)] )) { // Enable touch events self.isTouchEnabled = YES; // Initialize arrays _targets = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; _projectiles = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // Get the dimensions of the window for calculation purposes CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; [self schedule:@selector(gameLogic:) interval:1.0]; [self schedule:@selector(update:)]; } return self; } - (void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake(projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake(target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; _projectilesDestroyed++; if (_projectilesDestroyed > 30) { //GameOverScene *gameOverScene = [GameOverScene node]; // [gameOverScene.layer.label setString:@"You Win!"]; // [[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:gameOverScene]; } } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; }

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  • Finding shortest path on a hexagonal grid

    - by Timothy Mayes
    I'm writing a turn based game that has some simulation elements. One task i'm hung up on currently is with path finding. What I want to do is, each turn, move an ai adventurer one tile closer to his target using his current x,y and his target x,y. In trying to figure this out myself I can determine 4 directions no problem by using dx = currentX - targetY dy = currentY - targetY but I'm not sure how to determine which of the 6 directions is actually the "best" or "shortest" route. For example the way its setup currently I use East, West, NE, NW, SE, SW but to get to the NE tile i move East then NW instead of just moving NW. I hope this wasn't all rambling. Even just a link or two to get me started would be nice. Most of the info i've found is on drawing the grids and groking the wierd coordinate system needed. Thanks in advance Tim

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  • 3DS Max exporting too many vertexes for model

    - by Juan Pablo
    I have a sample model of a cube and a buddha downloaded from internet in 3ds format which I can load correctly into my program and view them without problem, but wanted to try and create my own model. I created a simple box mesh in 3ds max, and exported it as .3ds (Converted to mesh - export as .3ds) When inspecting the .3ds file with a hex viewer, I was expecting to see 8 vertexes and 12 faces declared (as the model I downloaded from internet). But what i found was that it listed 26 vertexes, and 12 faces! And when I try to load that file with my .3ds viewer, my parser isn't detecting the face block (0x4120), which is strange because it worked for other objects downloaded from internet. Do I have to set any special property in order to export a 3ds file with minimum vertexes and a vertex-index list?

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  • Deterministic replay in a modern game

    - by cloudraven
    I am doing a study in modern games graphics, and as part of the study it would be really helpful to be able to replay a sequence in the game multiple times. For example, recording a series of inputs to get the exact video sequences, but being able to replay them in different computers or different graphics configurations. I want to do this study with a couple of existing commercial games with sophisticated graphics (something released in the last 1 or 2 years if possible). I was thinking on hooking with detours or something similar, calls to time() or srand() to fix all pseudo-number generated results. It would be ideal to have a general solution that works with any game. Since admittedly that is pretty ambitious, I would be happy just having 2 or 3 games in which it is known that I can get deterministic output for a given input. In the end, I will be comparing video output, so I want to avoid noise generated by differences on each execution caused by non-determinism. Any sugestions?

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  • How to organize timeline in a Flash project?

    - by miguelSantirso
    Hi, I am starting a new Flash game and I was wondering if there is a better way to organize the timeline of the project. In my previous games I define a keyframe for each possible status of the game (loading, sponsor, intro, menu, gameplay, etc...). This method works but has some problems... For instance, it is not easy to implement transitions between the different screens in the game. How do you do this? Do you know of some better way?

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  • How do I load a libGDX Skin on Android?

    - by Lukas
    I am pretty desperate searching for a solution to load ui skins into my android app (actually it is not my app, it is a tutorial I'm following). The app always crashes at this part: assets.load("ui/defaultskin/defaultskin.json", Skin.class, new SkinLoader.SkinParameter("ui/defaultskin/defaultskin.atlas")); The files are the ones from the bitowl tutorial: http://bitowl.de/day6/ I guess Gdx.files.internal doesn't work on android, since the app crashed with this, too. Thanks for helping me out, Lukas

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  • Resolution independence - resize on the fly or ship all sizes?

    - by RecursiveCall
    My game relies heavily on textures of various sizes with some being full-screen. The game is targeted for multiple resolutions. I found that resizing textures (downsizing) works quite well for this game’s art type (it’s not Pixel Art or anything like that). I asked my artist to ensure that all textures at the edges of the screen to be created in such a way that they can safely “overflow” off screen; this means that aspect ratio is not an issue. So with no aspect ratio issues, I figured that I would simply ask my artist to create assets in very high resolution, and then resize them down to the appropriate screen resolution. The question is, when and how do I do that? Do I pre-resize everything to common resolutions in Photoshop and package all assets in the final product (increasing the size download that the user has to deal with) and then select the appropriate asset based on the detected resolution? Or do I ship with the largest set of Textures, detect the resolution on load, set a render target and draw all downsized assets to it and use that? Or for the latter, do I use some sort of a CPU-sided algorithm to resize on game load?

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  • RTS game diplomacy heuristics

    - by kd304
    I'm reimplementing an old 4X space-rts game which has diplomacy options. The original was based on a relation scoring system (0..100) and a set of negotiation options (improve relations, alliance, declare war, etc.) The AI player usually had 3 options: yes, maybe and no; each adding or removing some amount to the relation score. How should the AI chose between the options? How does the diplomacy work in other games and how are they imlemented? Any good books/articles on the subject? (Googling the term diplomacy yields the game Diplomacy, which is unhelpful.)

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  • best way to compute vertex normals from a Triangle's list

    - by nkint
    hi i'm a complete newbie in computergraphics so sorry if it's a stupid answer. i'm trying to make a simple 3d engine from scratch, more for educational purpose than for real use. i have a Surface object with inside a Triangle's list. For now i compute normals inside Triangle class, in this way: triangle.computeFaceNormals() { Vec3D u = v1.sub(v3) Vec3D v = v1.sub(v2) Vec3D normal = Vec3D.cross(u,v) normal.normalized() this.n1 = this.n2 = this.n3 = normal } and when building surface: t = new Triangle(v1,v2,v3).computeFaceNormals() surface.addTriangle(t) and i think this is the best way to do that.. isn't it? now.. what about for vertex normals? i've found this simple algorithm: flipcode vertex normal but.. hei this algorithm has.. exponential complexity? (if my memory doesn't fail my computer science background..) (bytheway.. it has 3 nested loops.. i don't think it's the best way to do it..) any suggestion?

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  • Why doesn't Unity's OnCollisionEnter give me surface normals, and what's the most reliable way to get them?

    - by michael.bartnett
    Unity's on collision event gives you a Collision object that gives you some information about the collision that happened (including a list of ContactPoints with hit normals). But what you don't get is surface normals for the collider that you hit. Here's a screenshot to illustrate. The red line is from ContactPoint.normal and the blue line is from RaycastHit.normal. Is this an instance of Unity hiding information to provide a simplified API? Or do standard 3D realtime collision detection techniques just not collect this information? And for the second part of the question, what's a surefire and relatively efficient way to get a surface normal for a collision? I know that raycasting gives you surface normals, but it seems I need to do several raycasts to accomplish this for all scenarios (maybe a contact point/normal combination misses the collider on the first cast, or maybe you need to do some average of all the contact points' normals to get the best result). My current method: Back up the Collision.contacts[0].point along its hit normal Raycast down the negated hit normal for float.MaxValue, on Collision.collider If that fails, repeat steps 1 and 2 with the non-negated normal If that fails, try steps 1 to 3 with Collision.contacts[1] Repeat 4 until successful or until all contact points exhausted. Give up, return Vector3.zero. This seems to catch everything, but all those raycasts make me queasy, and I'm not sure how to test that this works for enough cases. Is there a better way?

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  • Alpha blend 3D png texture in XNA

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm trying to draw a partly transparent texture a plane, but the problem is that it's incorrectly displaying what is behind that texture. Pseudo code: vertices1 basiceffect1 // The vertices of vertices1 are located BEHIND vertices2 vertices2 basiceffect2 // The vertices of vertices2 are located IN FRONT vertices1 GraphicsDevice.Clear(Blue); PrimitiveBatch.Begin(); //if I draw like this: PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices1, trianglestrip, basiceffect1) PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices2, trianglestrip, basiceffect2) //Everything gets draw correctly, I can see the texture of vertices2 trough //the transparent parts of vertices1 //but if I draw like this: PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices2, trianglestrip, basiceffect2) PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices1, trianglestrip, basiceffect1) //I cannot see the texture of vertices1 in behind the texture of vertices2 //Instead, the texture vertices2 gets drawn, and the transparent parts are blue //The clear color PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertice PrimitiveBatch.End(); My question is, Why does the order in which I call draw matter?

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  • Penalty for collision during a racing game

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    In a racing game: How should we penalize the player for colliding head on into obstacles such as walls, trees and so on. What is the way it is done in your favorite racing game? How is it done in other successful racing games? Do you think temporarily disabling the engine for a second is too severe? If I do go that route, how would I convey the 'engine is disabled' to the player in a subtle and easily understood way? Is this 'too much' of a penalty? Would the slow-down from the collision be sufficient to discourage the player from driving too carelessly? Which one is more fun? Should I consider a health-bar and affect engine performance for 'low health' status? Could you offer examples of games that handle this well and one that do it poorly? Please share your experience with racing games obstacles and reference games you feel perform well in this aspect. I am sure we all enjoy our racing games differently and I would like to hear different opinions regarding this issue. I would also like to hear how you feel we should penalize or reward for colliding with other vehicles? Should enemy vehicles be destroyable? Should they slow down severely when they hit the back of your car or would that make the gameplay imbalanced?

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  • Sphere Texture Mapping shows visible seams

    - by AvengerDr
    As you can see from the above picture there is a visible seam in the texture mapping. The underlying mesh is a geosphere based on octahedron subdivisions. On that particular latitude, vertices have been duplicated. However there still is a visible seam. Here is how I calculate the UV coordinates: float longitude = (float)Math.Atan2(normal.X, -normal.Z); float latitude = (float)Math.Acos(normal.Y); float u = (float)(longitude / (Math.PI * 2.0) + 0.5); float v = (float)(latitude / Math.PI); Is this a problem in the coordinates or a mipmapping issue?

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  • *DX11, HLSL* - Colour as 4 floats or one UINT

    - by Paul
    With the DX11 pipeline, would it be much quicker for the vertex buffer to pass one single UINT with one byte per channel to the input assembler, as opposed to three floats? Then the vertex shader would convert the four bytes to four floats, which I guess is the required colour format for the pipeline. In this instance, colour accuracy isn't an issue. The vertex buffer would need to be updated many times per frame, so using a single UINT and saving 12 bytes for every vertex could well be worth it: quicker uploads to vram and also less memory used. But the cost is the extra shader work for every vertex to convert each 8 bits of the input UNIT into a float. Anyone have an idea if it might be worth doing? Or, is it possible for the pipeline to be set to just internally use a four-byte colour format? The swap chain buffer has been initialised as DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, so ultimately that's how the colour will be written. Thanks!

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  • Running an a single action on multiple sprites at the same time

    - by Stephen
    Ok so I have created a spiraling animation for a football and I want to be able to run it on 2 sprites at the same time. This is what I have done. CCAnimation* footballAnim = [CCAnimation animationWithFrame:@"Football" frameCount:60 delay:0.005f]; spiral = [CCAnimate actionWithAnimation:footballAnim]; CCRepeatForever* repeat = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:spiral]; [Sprite1 runAction: repeat]; [Sprite2 runAction: repeat]; but it only runs the action on the first sprite. What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to make this game loop deterministic

    - by Lanaru
    I am using the following game loop for my pacman clone: long prevTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); while (running) { long curTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); float frameTime = (curTime - prevTime) / 1000f; prevTime = curTime; while (frameTime > 0.0f) { final float deltaTime = Math.min(frameTime, TIME_STEP); update(deltaTime); frameTime -= deltaTime; } repaint(); } The thing is, I don't always get the same ghost movement every time I run the game (their logic is deterministic), so it must be the game loop. I imagine it's due to the final float deltaTime = Math.min(frameTime, TIME_STEP); line. What's the best way of modifying this to perform the exact same way every time I run it? Also, any further improvements I can make?

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  • Compute directional light frustum from view furstum points and light direction

    - by Fabian
    I'm working on a friends engine project and my task is to construct a new frustum from the light direction that overlaps the view frustum and possible shadow casters. The project already has a function that creates a frustum for this but its way to big and includes way to many casters (shadows) which can't be seen in the view frustum. Now the only parameter of this function are the normalized light direction vector and a view class which lets me extract the 8 view frustum points in world space. I don't have any additional infos about the scene. I have read some of the related Questions here but non seem to fit very well to my problem as they often just point to cascaded shadow maps. Sadly i can't use DX or openGl functions directly because this engine has a dedicated math library. From what i've read so far the steps are: Transform view frustum points into light space and find min/max x and y values (or sometimes minima and maxima of all three axis) and create a AABB using the min/max vectors. But what comes after this step? How do i transform this new AABB back to world space? What i've done so far: CVector3 Points[8], MinLight = CVector3(FLT_MAX), MaxLight = CVector3(FLT_MAX); for(int i = 0; i<8;++i){ Points[i] = Points[i] * WorldToShadowMapMatrix; MinLight = Math::Min(Points[i],MinLight); MaxLight = Math::Max(Points[i],MaxLight); } AABox box(MinLight,MaxLight); I don't think this is the right way to do it. The near plain probably has to extend into the direction of the light source to include potentional shadow casters. I've read the Microsoft article about cascaded shadow maps http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ee416307%28v=vs.85%29.aspx which also includes some sample code. But they seem to use the scenes AABB to determine the near and far plane which I can't since i cant access this information from the funtion I'm working in. Could you guys please link some example code which shows the calculation of such frustum? Thanks in advance! Additional questio: is there a way to construct a WorldToFrustum matrix that represents the above transformation?

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  • Anti-cheat Javascript for browser/HTML5 game

    - by Billy Ninja
    I'm planning on venturing on making a single player action rpg in js/html5, and I'd like to prevent cheating. I don't need 100% protection, since it's not going to be a multiplayer game, but I want some level of protection. So what strategies you suggest beyond minify and obfuscation? I wouldn't bother to make some server side simple checking, but I don't want to go the Diablo 3 path keeping all my game state changes on the server side. Since it's going to be a rpg of sorts I came up with the idea of making a stats inspector that checks abrupt changes in their values, but I'm not sure how it consistent and trusty it can be. What about variables and functions escopes? Working on smaller escopes whenever possible is safer, but it's worth the effort? Is there anyway for the javascript to self inspect it's text, like in a checksum? There are browser specific solutions? I wouldn't bother to restrain it for Chrome only in the early builds.

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  • How are bullets simulated in video games?

    - by mahen23
    I have been playing games like MW2 recently and, as a programmer, I tend to ask myself how do they make the game so immersive. For example, how to they simulate bullet speed. When an NPC fires a bullet from his gun, does the bullet really travel from his gun to the given target or do they they completely ignore this part and just put a bullet hole on the target? If the bullet is really travelling from the gun to the target, at what speed is it actually travelling?

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  • How can I generate a navigation mesh for a tile grid?

    - by Roflha
    I haven't actually started programming for this one yet, but I wanted to see how I would go about doing this anyway. Say I have a grid of tiles, all of the same size, some traversable and some not. How would I go about creating a navigation mesh of polygons from this grid? My idea was to take the non-traversable tiles out and extend lines from there edges to make polygons... that's all I have got so far. Any advice?

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  • Open Source AI Bot interfaces

    - by David Young
    What are some open source AI Bot interfaces? Similar to Pogamut 3 GameBots2004 for custom Unreal Tournament bots or Brood Wars API for Starcraft bots etc. If you could please post one AI bot interface per answer (make sure to provide a link) and give a brief summary as to the content of the blog posts. Please include what type of bot interface structure it is, client/server, server/server, etc e.g. BWAPI is client/server which emulates a real player

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  • Entity component system -> handling components that depend on one another

    - by jtedit
    I really like the idea of an entity component system and feel it has great flexibility, but have a question. How should dependent components be handled? I'm not talking about how components should communicate with other components they depend on, I have that sorted, but rather how to ensure components are present. For example, an entity cannot have a "velocity" component if it doesn't have a "position" component, in the same way it cant have an "acceleration" component if it doesn't have a "velocity" component. My first idea was every component class overrides an "onAddedToEntity(Entity ent)" function. Then in that function it checks that prerequisite components are also added to the entity, eg: struct EntCompVelocity() : public EntityComponent{ //member variables here void onAddedToEntity(Entity ent){ if(!ent.hasComponent(EntCompPosition::Id)){ ent.addComponent(new EntCompPosition()); } } } This has the nice property that if the acceleration component adds the velocity component, the velocity component will itself add the position component to the entity so dependency "trees" will sort themselves out. However my concern is if I do this components will silently be added with default values and, in the example of adding position, many entities will appear at the origin. Another idea was to simple have the "Entity.addComponent();" function return false if the component's prerequisite components aren't already on the entity, this would force you to manually add the position component and set its value before adding the velocity component. Finally I could simply not ensure a components prerequisite components are added, the "UpdatePosition" system only deals with entities with both a position and velocity component, so therefore adding a velocity component without having a position component wont be a problem (it wont cause crashes due to null pointer/etc), but it does mean entities will carry useless unused data if you add components but not their prerequisite components. Does anyone have experience with this problem and/or any of these methods to solve it? How did you solve the problem?

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  • Algorithm to generate multifaced cube?

    - by OnePie
    Are there any elegant soloution to generate a simple-six sided cube, where each cube is made out of more than one face? The method I have used ended up a horrible and complicated mess of logic that is imopssible to follow and most likely to maintain. The algorithm should not generate reduntant vertices, and should output the indice list for the mesh as well. The reason I need this is that the cubes vertices will be deformed depending on various factors, meaning that a simple six-faced cube will nto do.

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  • Combine Two Shader Program

    - by Siddharth
    For my android application, I want to apply brightness and contrast shader on same image. At present I am using gpuimage plugin. In that I found two separate program for brightness and contrast as per the following. Contrast shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float contrast; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4(((textureColor.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColor.w); } Brightness shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4((textureColor.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColor.w); } Now applying both of the effects I write following code varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate2; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture2; uniform lowp float contrast; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColorForContrast = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); lowp vec4 contastVec4 = vec4(((textureColorForContrast.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColorForContrast.w); lowp vec4 textureColorForBrightness = texture2D(inputImageTexture2, textureCoordinate2); lowp vec4 brightnessVec4 = vec4((textureColorForBrightness.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColorForBrightness.w); gl_FragColor = contastVec4 + brightnessVec4; } Doesn't able to get desire result. I can't able to figure out what I have to do next? So please friends help me in this. What program I have to write?

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