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• Saving a list of points into a text file

  - by dylanisawesome1

  I recently posted a question about this, but was not really sure where to go. I've gotten some progress, and have generated some simple noise here: http://pastie.org/5408655 That works well enough for me, but I would really like to be able to save the points into an ascii text file. currently it's formatted so that something like this: http://pastie.org/5409311 would create a square. I need to save in this format with the points(and lines connecting them) generated in the method above. Essentially, I need to write the array of points created in the first example to a text file formatted like the second example.

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• Why do we use Pythagoras in game physics?

  - by Starkers

  I've recently learned that we use Pythagoras a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagoras! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagoras to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagoras so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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• Progress bar in Super Hexagon using OpenGL ES 2 (Android)

  - by user16547

  I'm wondering how the progress bar in Super Hexagon was made. (see image, top left) Actually I am not very sure how to implement a progress bar at all using OpenGL ES 2 on Android, but I am asking specifically about the one used in Super Hexagon because it seems to me less straightforward / obvious than others: the bar changes its colour during game play. I think one possibility is to use the built-in Android progress bar. I can see from some Stackoverflow questions that you can change the default blue colour to whatever you want, but I'm not sure whether you can update it during the game play. The other possibility I can think of for implementing a progress bar is to have a small texture that starts with a scale of 0 and that you keep scaling until it reaches the maximum size, representing 100%. But this suffers from the same problem as before: you'll not be able to update the colour of the texture during run-time. It's fixed. So what's the best way to approach this problem? *I'm assuming he didn't use a particular library, although if he did, it would be interesting to know. I'm interested in a pure OpenGL ES 2 + Android solution.

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• Is there a way to export all the images of my tweening effect in Flash?

  - by Paul

  i'm using Flash to create the animation of my character in 2D (i'm just beginning). Is it possible to make a tween effect of a character, and then automatically export all the images/frames? So far, it's a bit fastidious : i create my tweening effect, then i put a keyframe for each frame i want to copy and paste, then i select the movieclips and shapes and copy and paste them into another flash document, i position those clips at the exact same location as the previous image, then i erase the previous image and export the image... For 30 frames! Is there any faster way? Thanks

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• How to automatically render all opaque meshes with a specific shader?

  - by dsilva.vinicius

  I have a specular outline shader that I want to be used on all opaque meshes of the scene whenever a specific camera renders. The shader is working properly when it is manually applied to some material. The shader is as follows: Shader "Custom/Outline" { Properties { _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (.5,.5,.5,1) _OutlineColor ("Outline Color", Color) = (1,0.5,0,1) _Outline ("Outline width", Range (0.0, 0.1)) = .05 _SpecColor ("Specular Color", Color) = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1) _Shininess ("Shininess", Range (0.03, 1)) = 0.078125 _MainTex ("Base (RGB) Gloss (A)", 2D) = "white" {} } SubShader { Tags { "Queue"="Overlay" "RenderType"="Opaque" } Pass { Name "OUTLINE" Tags { "LightMode" = "Always" } Cull Off ZWrite Off // Uncomment to show outline always. //ZTest Always CGPROGRAM #pragma target 3.0 #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment frag #include "UnityCG.cginc" struct appdata { float4 vertex : POSITION; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct v2f { float4 pos : POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; float _Outline; float4 _OutlineColor; v2f vert(appdata v) { // just make a copy of incoming vertex data but scaled according to normal direction v2f o; o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex); float3 norm = mul ((float3x3)UNITY_MATRIX_IT_MV, v.normal); float2 offset = TransformViewToProjection(norm.xy); o.pos.xy += offset * o.pos.z * _Outline; o.color = _OutlineColor; return o; } float4 frag(v2f fromVert) : COLOR { return fromVert.color; } ENDCG } UsePass "Specular/FORWARD" } FallBack "Specular" } The camera used fot the effect has just a script component which setups the shader replacement: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class DetectiveEffect : MonoBehaviour { public Shader EffectShader; // Use this for initialization void Start () { this.camera.SetReplacementShader(EffectShader, "RenderType=Opaque"); } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { } } Unfortunately, whenever I use this camera I just see the background color. Any ideas?

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• Drawing an animation over an already drawn screen

  - by Chandan Pednekar

  I am working on a XNA WP7 card game whose basic prototype is complete. In game screen, 6 cards are displayed at a time (3 for each of the two players say 1,2 and 3). If player A attacks one of player B's card then I want to show an animation over player B's card i.e the victim card(say a claw scratch for e.g.) My question is how do I approach with the animation system so that I can draw an animation over a card upon certain events e.g. dead, fire, claw attack etc. I have an attack function which detects which type of card is attacking which type of card. Depending on the type of attacker card I want to display the animation on the victim card. Can I call animation classes function for different animations in the attack function itself without actually having to call separate draw and update functions. If so, how? Also how do I play sound at the same time when the animation is going on?

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• Best way to prevent UIPanGestureRecognizer from firing when moving sprites in cocos2d

  - by cjroebuck

  Im using UIPanGestureRecognizer in my cocos2d game to do drag and drop of sprites. I have a row of sprites and when I drag a sprite on top of another one, the sprite underneath it and any other sprites between should shift left or right out of the way to allow space to drop the currently selected sprite. This is working ok, however, if I am too quick at dragging the sprite around the screen, this triggers another round of the UIPanGestureRecognizer's callback method, and screws up the logic, as the sprites are in-between shifting. I need a way to freeze the callback from firing, whilst the other sprites are shifting, then once they have finished moving, re-enable the callback to fire. Whats the best way to do this?

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• Game Object Factory: Fixing Memory Leaks

  - by Bunkai.Satori

  Dear all, this is going to be tough: I have created a game object factory that generates objects of my wish. However, I get memory leaks which I can not fix. Memory leaks are generated by return new Object(); in the bottom part of the code sample. static BaseObject * CreateObjectFunc() { return new Object(); } How and where to delete the pointers? I wrote bool ReleaseClassType(). Despite the factory works well, ReleaseClassType() does not fix memory leaks. bool ReleaseClassTypes() { unsigned int nRecordCount = vFactories.size(); for (unsigned int nLoop = 0; nLoop < nRecordCount; nLoop++ ) { // if the object exists in the container and is valid, then render it if( vFactories[nLoop] != NULL) delete vFactories[nLoop](); } return true; } Before taking a look at the code below, let me help you in that my CGameObjectFactory creates pointers to functions creating particular object type. The pointers are stored within vFactories vector container. I have chosen this way because I parse an object map file. I have object type IDs (integer values) which I need to translate them into real objects. Because I have over 100 different object data types, I wished to avoid continuously traversing very long Switch() statement. Therefore, to create an object, I call vFactoriesnEnumObjectTypeID via CGameObjectFactory::create() to call stored function that generates desired object. The position of the appropriate function in the vFactories is identical to the nObjectTypeID, so I can use indexing to access the function. So the question remains, how to proceed with garbage collection and avoid reported memory leaks? #ifndef GAMEOBJECTFACTORY_H_UNIPIXELS #define GAMEOBJECTFACTORY_H_UNIPIXELS //#include "MemoryManager.h" #include <vector> template <typename BaseObject> class CGameObjectFactory { public: // cleanup and release registered object data types bool ReleaseClassTypes() { unsigned int nRecordCount = vFactories.size(); for (unsigned int nLoop = 0; nLoop < nRecordCount; nLoop++ ) { // if the object exists in the container and is valid, then render it if( vFactories[nLoop] != NULL) delete vFactories[nLoop](); } return true; } // register new object data type template <typename Object> bool RegisterClassType(unsigned int nObjectIDParam ) { if(vFactories.size() < nObjectIDParam) vFactories.resize(nObjectIDParam); vFactories[nObjectIDParam] = &CreateObjectFunc<Object>; return true; } // create new object by calling the pointer to the appropriate type function BaseObject* create(unsigned int nObjectIDParam) const { return vFactories[nObjectIDParam](); } // resize the vector array containing pointers to function calls bool resize(unsigned int nSizeParam) { vFactories.resize(nSizeParam); return true; } private: //DECLARE_HEAP; template <typename Object> static BaseObject * CreateObjectFunc() { return new Object(); } typedef BaseObject*(*factory)(); std::vector<factory> vFactories; }; //DEFINE_HEAP_T(CGameObjectFactory, "Game Object Factory"); #endif // GAMEOBJECTFACTORY_H_UNIPIXELS

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• How do I cap rendering of tiles in a 2D game with SDL?

  - by farmdve

  I have some boilerplate code working, I basically have a tile based map composed of just 3 colors, and some walls and render with SDL. The tiles are in a bmp file, but each tile inside it corresponds to an internal number of the type of tile(color, or wall). I have pretty basic collision detection and it works, I can also detetc continuous presses, which allows me to move pretty much anywhere I want. I also have a moving camera, which follows the object. The problem is that, the tile based map is bigger than the resolution, thus not all of the map can be displayed on the screen, but it's still rendered. I would like to cap it, but since this is new to me, I pretty much have no idea. Although I cannot post all the code, as even though I am a newbie and the code pretty basic, it's already quite a few lines, I can post what I tried to do void set_camera() { //Center the camera over the dot camera.x = ( player.box.x + DOT_WIDTH / 2 ) - SCREEN_WIDTH / 2; camera.y = ( player.box.y + DOT_HEIGHT / 2 ) - SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2; //Keep the camera in bounds. if(camera.x < 0 ) { camera.x = 0; } if(camera.y < 0 ) { camera.y = 0; } if(camera.x > LEVEL_WIDTH - camera.w ) { camera.x = LEVEL_WIDTH - camera.w; } if(camera.y > LEVEL_HEIGHT - camera.h ) { camera.y = LEVEL_HEIGHT - camera.h; } } set_camera() is the function which calculates the camera position based on the player's positions. I won't pretend I know much about it. Rectangle box = {0,0,0,0}; for(int t = 0; t < TOTAL_TILES; t++) { if(box.x < (camera.x - TILE_WIDTH) || box.y > (camera.y - TILE_HEIGHT)) apply_surface(box.x - camera.x, box.y - camera.y, surface, screen, &clips[tiles[t]]); box.x += TILE_WIDTH; //If we've gone too far if(box.x >= LEVEL_WIDTH) { //Move back box.x = 0; //Move to the next row box.y += TILE_HEIGHT; } } This is basically my render code. The for loop loops over 192 tiles stored in an int array, each with their own unique value describing the tile type(wall or one of three possible colored tiles). box is an SDL_Rect containing the current position of the tile, which is calculated on render. TILE_HEIGHT and TILE_WIDTH are of value 80. So the cap is determined by if(box.x < (camera.x - TILE_WIDTH) || box.y > (camera.y - TILE_HEIGHT)) However, this is just me playing with the values and see what doesn't break it. I pretty much have no idea how to calculate it. My screen resolution is 1024/768, and the tile map is of size 1280/960.

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• Fixed timestep with interpolation in AS3

  - by Jim Sreven

  I'm trying to implement Glenn Fiedler's popular fixed timestep system as documented here: http://gafferongames.com/game-physics/fix-your-timestep/ In Flash. I'm fairly sure that I've got it set up correctly, along with state interpolation. The result is that if my character is supposed to move at 6 pixels per frame, 35 frames per second = 210 pixels a second, it does exactly that, even if the framerate climbs or falls. The problem is it looks awful. The movement is very stuttery and just doesn't look good. I find that the amount of time in between ENTER_FRAME events, which I'm adding on to my accumulator, averages out to 28.5ms (1000/35) just as it should, but individual frame times vary wildly, sometimes an ENTER_FRAME event will come 16ms after the last, sometimes 42ms. This means that at each graphical redraw the character graphic moves by a different amount, because a different amount of time has passed since the last draw. In theory it should look smooth, but it doesn't at all. In contrast, if I just use the ultra simple system of moving the character 6px every frame, it looks completely smooth, even with these large variances in frame times. How can this be possible? I'm using getTimer() to measure these time differences, are they even reliable?

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• How do I increase moving speed of body?

  - by Siddharth

  How to move ball speedily on the screen using box2d in libGDX? package com.badlogic.box2ddemo; import com.badlogic.gdx.ApplicationListener; import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.GL10; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.Sprite; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.TextureRegion; import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Matrix4; import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector2; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.Body; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.BodyDef; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.BodyDef.BodyType; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.Box2DDebugRenderer; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.CircleShape; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.Fixture; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.FixtureDef; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.PolygonShape; import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.World; public class Box2DDemo implements ApplicationListener { private SpriteBatch batch; private TextureRegion texture; private World world; private Body groundDownBody, groundUpBody, groundLeftBody, groundRightBody, ballBody; private BodyDef groundBodyDef1, groundBodyDef2, groundBodyDef3, groundBodyDef4, ballBodyDef; private PolygonShape groundDownPoly, groundUpPoly, groundLeftPoly, groundRightPoly; private CircleShape ballPoly; private Sprite sprite; private FixtureDef fixtureDef; private Vector2 ballPosition; private Box2DDebugRenderer renderer; Vector2 vector2; @Override public void create() { texture = new TextureRegion(new Texture( Gdx.files.internal("img/red_ring.png"))); sprite = new Sprite(texture); sprite.setOrigin(sprite.getWidth() / 2, sprite.getHeight() / 2); batch = new SpriteBatch(); world = new World(new Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f), false); groundBodyDef1 = new BodyDef(); groundBodyDef1.type = BodyType.StaticBody; groundBodyDef1.position.x = 0.0f; groundBodyDef1.position.y = 0.0f; groundDownBody = world.createBody(groundBodyDef1); groundBodyDef2 = new BodyDef(); groundBodyDef2.type = BodyType.StaticBody; groundBodyDef2.position.x = 0f; groundBodyDef2.position.y = Gdx.graphics.getHeight(); groundUpBody = world.createBody(groundBodyDef2); groundBodyDef3 = new BodyDef(); groundBodyDef3.type = BodyType.StaticBody; groundBodyDef3.position.x = 0f; groundBodyDef3.position.y = 0f; groundLeftBody = world.createBody(groundBodyDef3); groundBodyDef4 = new BodyDef(); groundBodyDef4.type = BodyType.StaticBody; groundBodyDef4.position.x = Gdx.graphics.getWidth(); groundBodyDef4.position.y = 0f; groundRightBody = world.createBody(groundBodyDef4); groundDownPoly = new PolygonShape(); groundDownPoly.setAsBox(480.0f, 10f); fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.density = 0f; fixtureDef.restitution = 1f; fixtureDef.friction = 0f; fixtureDef.shape = groundDownPoly; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; groundDownBody.createFixture(fixtureDef); groundUpPoly = new PolygonShape(); groundUpPoly.setAsBox(480.0f, 10f); fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.friction = 0f; fixtureDef.restitution = 0f; fixtureDef.density = 0f; fixtureDef.shape = groundUpPoly; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; groundUpBody.createFixture(fixtureDef); groundLeftPoly = new PolygonShape(); groundLeftPoly.setAsBox(10f, 320f); fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.friction = 0f; fixtureDef.restitution = 0f; fixtureDef.density = 0f; fixtureDef.shape = groundLeftPoly; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; groundLeftBody.createFixture(fixtureDef); groundRightPoly = new PolygonShape(); groundRightPoly.setAsBox(10f, 320f); fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.friction = 0f; fixtureDef.restitution = 0f; fixtureDef.density = 0f; fixtureDef.shape = groundRightPoly; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; groundRightBody.createFixture(fixtureDef); ballPoly = new CircleShape(); ballPoly.setRadius(16f); fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.shape = ballPoly; fixtureDef.density = 1f; fixtureDef.friction = 1f; fixtureDef.restitution = 1f; ballBodyDef = new BodyDef(); ballBodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; ballBodyDef.position.x = (int) 200; ballBodyDef.position.y = (int) 200; ballBody = world.createBody(ballBodyDef); ballBody.setLinearVelocity(200f, 200f); // ballBody.applyLinearImpulse(new Vector2(250f, 250f), // ballBody.getLocalCenter()); ballBody.createFixture(fixtureDef); renderer = new Box2DDebugRenderer(true, false, false); } @Override public void dispose() { ballPoly.dispose(); groundLeftPoly.dispose(); groundUpPoly.dispose(); groundDownPoly.dispose(); groundRightPoly.dispose(); world.destroyBody(ballBody); world.dispose(); } @Override public void pause() { } @Override public void render() { world.step(1f/30f, 3, 3); Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1f, 1f, 1f, 1f); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batch.begin(); vector2 = ballBody.getLinearVelocity(); System.out.println("X=" + vector2.x + " Y=" + vector2.y); ballPosition = ballBody.getPosition(); renderer.render(world,batch.getProjectionMatrix()); // int preX = (int) (vector2.x / Math.abs(vector2.x)); // int preY = (int) (vector2.y / Math.abs(vector2.y)); // // if (Math.abs(vector2.x) == 0.0f) // ballBody1.setLinearVelocity(1.4142137f, vector2.y); // else if (Math.abs(vector2.x) < 1.4142137f) // ballBody1.setLinearVelocity(preX * 5, vector2.y); // // if (Math.abs(vector2.y) == 0.0f) // ballBody1.setLinearVelocity(vector2.x, 1.4142137f); // else if (Math.abs(vector2.y) < 1.4142137f) // ballBody1.setLinearVelocity(vector2.x, preY * 5); batch.draw(sprite, (ballPosition.x - (texture.getRegionWidth() / 2)), (ballPosition.y - (texture.getRegionHeight() / 2))); batch.end(); } @Override public void resize(int arg0, int arg1) { } @Override public void resume() { } } I implement above code but I can not achieve higher moving speed of the ball

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• Doing a passable 4X game AI

  - by Extrakun

  I am coding a rather "simple" 4X game (if a 4X game can be simple). It's indie in scope, and I am wondering if there's anyway to come up with a passable AI without having me spending months coding on it. The game has three major decision making portions; spending of production points, spending of movement points and spending of tech points (basically there are 3 different 'currency', currency unspent at end of turn is not saved) Spend Production Points Upgrade a planet (increase its tech and production) Build ships (3 types) Move ships from planets to planets (costing Movement Points) Move to attack Move to fortify Research Tech (can partially research a tech i.e, as in Master of Orion) The plan for me right now is a brute force approach. There are basically 4 broad options for the player - Upgrade planet(s) to its his production and tech output Conquer as many planets as possible Secure as many planets as possible Get to a certain tech as soon as possible For each decision, I will iterate through the possible options and come up with a score; and then the AI will choose the decision with the highest score. Right now I have no idea how to 'mix decisions'. That is, for example, the AI wishes to upgrade and conquer planets at the same time. I suppose I can have another logic which do a brute force optimization on a combination of those 4 decisions.... At least, that's my plan if I can't think of anything better. Is there any faster way to make a passable AI? I don't need a very good one, to rival Deep Blue or such, just something that has the illusion of intelligence. This is my first time doing an AI on this scale, so I dare not try something too grand too. So far I have experiences with FSM, DFS, BFS and A*

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• Efficiency concerning thread granularity

  - by MaelmDev

  Lately, I've been thinking of ways to use multithreading to improve the speed of different parts of a game engine. What confuses me is the appropriate granularity of threads, especially when dealing with single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) tasks. Let's use line-of-sight detection as an example. Each AI actor must be able to detect objects of interest around them and mark them. There are three basic ways to go about this with multithreading: Don't use threading at all. Create a thread for each actor. Create a thread for each actor-object combination. Option 1 is obviously going to be the least efficient method. However, choosing between the next two options is more difficult. Only using one thread per actor is still running through every object in series instead of in parallel. However, are CPU's able to create and join threads in the granularity posed in Option 3 efficiently? It seems like that many calls to the OS could be really slow, and varying enormously between different hardware.

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• Logic that can traverse all possible layouts, but not checking every combination of identical pieces?

  - by George Bailey

  Suppose we have a grid of arbitrary size, which is filled by blocks of various widths and heights. There are many 2x2 blocks (meaning they take a total of 4 cells in the grid) and many 3x3 blocks, as well as some 5x4, 4x5, 2x3, etc. I was hoping I could set up a program that would look at all possible layouts, and rank them, and find the best one. Simply it would look at all possible positions of these blocks, and see what setup is the best rank. (the rank based on how many of these can be connected by a roadway system of 1x1 road blocks, and how many squares can be left empty after this is done. - wanting to fit the most blocks as possible with the least roads.) My question, is how should I traverse all the possibilities? I could take all the blocks and try them one at a time, but since all 2x2 blocks are equal, and there are a couple dozen of them, there is no point in trying every combination there, as in the following AA BBB AA BBB CCBBB CCEEE DD EEE DD EEE is exactly the same as CC EEE CC EEE AAEEE AABBB DD BBB DD BBB You notice that there are 2 3x3 blocks and 3 2x2 blocks in my two examples. Based on the model I have now, the computer would try both of these combinations, as well as many others. The problem is that it is going to try every single possible variation of my couple dozen 2x2 blocks. And that is sorely inefficient. Is there a reasonable way to take out this duplicated work, somehow getting the computer program to treat all 2x2 blocks as equal/identical, instead of one requiring rearranging/swapping of these identical blocks? Can this be done?

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• Beggining OpenGL vs beggining DirectX and some question about the philosophical difference between them

  - by jokoon

  I'm begginning with Direct X at school, and my teacher said it was harder to begin with than OpenGL, but I read several things that in fact, Direct X was more advanced than OpenGL in terms of recent graphic cards features. Since I'm far from wanting to do top notch effects, which can already be implemented with existing engines and/or shaders, I wanted to know your opinion: Can OpenGL be considered like a more basic, KISS, hardware agnostic, graphic library to just do 3D with acceleration, and consider DirectX like a top notch, game-oriented graphic API that will always support the next-gen 3D chips ? Citation from wikipedia on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_Tech_5 : John Carmack mentioned in his keynote at QuakeCon 2007 that the id Tech 5 engine will not be using the DirectX 10 API. I don't want to seem like I'm minding open source because Carmack does and because he is famous, it's just that android and iPhone are out there, and Direct X doesn't seems to me to be the necessary API to know, since Windows supports OpenGL, and since the 360 is just a console among other consoles.

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• Collision with CCSprite

  - by Coder404

  I'm making an iOS app based off the code from here In the .m file of the tutorial is this: -(void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake( projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake( target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; } I am trying to take away the projectiles and have the app know when the CCSprite "Player" and the targets collide. Could someone help me with this? Thanks

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• Turn based battle and formula

  - by Mark Chapman

  I'm building a game called DVP(Digimon Virtual Pet), and in this game other than taking care of your digimon, You can also battle and breed them. I'm working on the battle system (making it first cause the actual pet system will be easy compared to the netplay, or 39DLL)but here is the problem I don't want it to be "too" simple or "too" complicated, but I do want to go by a certain formula. There are str, def, spd, and int. Strength: How hard the attacking digimon is hitting Defense: How much damage your digimon can defend when being attacked Speed: The chance of you missing the enemy Intelligence (battle knowledge): The chance of you hitting a critical hit or defending a critical hit. I can make a super simple turn based example, but I don't know how exactly to make the formulas for what I've explained above, any help?

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• Accelerating 2d object collision with other objects [on hold]

  - by Silent Cave

  Making my very first attempt at game programming with SDL/OpenGL. So I made an object Actor witch can move in all four sides with acceleration. And there are bunch of other rectangles to collide to. the image Movement and collision detection alghorythms work just fine by itself, but when combined to prevent the green rectangle from crossing black rectangles, it gives me a kind of funny resault. Let me show you the code first: from Actor.h class Actor{ public: SDL_Rect * dim; alphaColor * col; float speed; float xlGrav, xrGrav, yuGrav, ydGrav; float acceleration; bool left,right,up,down; Actor(SDL_Rect * dim,alphaColor * col, float speed, float acceleration); bool colides(const SDL_Rect & rect); bool check_for_collisions(const std::vector<SDL_Rect*> & gameObjects ); }; from actor.cpp bool Actor::colides(const SDL_Rect & rect){ if (dim->x + dim->w < rect.x) return false; if (dim->x > rect.x + rect.w) return false; if (dim->y + dim->h < rect.y) return false; if (dim->y > rect.y + rect.h) return false; return true; } movement logic from main.cpp if (actor->left){ if(actor->xlGrav < actor->speed){ actor->xlGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xlGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->x -= actor->xlGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x += actor->xlGrav; actor->xlGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->left){ if(actor->xlGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->xlGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xlGrav = 0; actor->dim->x -= actor->xlGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x += actor->xlGrav; actor->xlGrav = 0; } } if (actor->right){ if(actor->xrGrav < actor->speed){ actor->xrGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xrGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->x += actor->xrGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x -= actor->xrGrav; actor->xrGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->right){ if(actor->xrGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->xrGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xrGrav = 0; actor->dim->x += actor->xrGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x -= actor->xrGrav; actor->xrGrav = 0; } } if (actor->up){ if(actor->yuGrav < actor->speed){ actor->yuGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->yuGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->y -= actor->yuGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y += actor->yuGrav; actor->yuGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->up){ if(actor->yuGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->yuGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->yuGrav = 0; actor->dim->y -= actor->yuGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y += actor->yuGrav; actor->yuGrav = 0; } } if (actor->down){ if(actor->ydGrav < actor->speed){ actor->ydGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->ydGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->y += actor->ydGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y -= actor->ydGrav; actor->ydGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->down){ if(actor->ydGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->ydGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->ydGrav = 0; actor->dim->y += actor->ydGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y -= actor->ydGrav; actor->ydGrav = 0; } } So, if the green box approaches an obstacle from up or left, everything goes as planned - object stops, and it's acceleration drops to zero. But if it comes from bottom or right, it enters into obstacles inner space and starts strangely dance, I'd rather say move in inverted controls. What do I fail to see?

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• How to use the float value from Noise function in voxel terrain?

  - by therealjohn

  Im using Unity, although this question is not really specific to that engine. Im also using an asset from the store called Coherent Noise. It has some neat noise functionality built it. I am using those functions to produce some noise values. I am getting a value between 0 and 1 (floats). I have an array of blocks (for minecraft like voxel terrain) and I am confused on how to use this float value for terrain? Do I do something like <= 0 == Solid block etc etc? I am confused on how to use the floating values that the noise functions produce to use for height values of an array of say a height of 16. Thanks for any guidance.

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• Is it normal to these Xcode prompts/errors when you deploy to IOS Simulator from Unity?

  - by Greg

  Just trying out the IOS build process.... Is it normal to see: Q1 - "upgrade to latest project format - project currently in Xcode 3.1 format, this will upgrade to 3.2" - just click OK and let Xcode do it's stuff? Q2 - same as Q1 but this time for the message "Remove obsolete build settings - will remove the build setting PREBINDING" Q3 - also when deploying to "Lastest IOS Simulator" you get the Simulator target produced, but also a non-simulator target which has lots of errors. So I assume you just ignore this target and not use it in Xcode correct? (i.e. just use the simulator target that is produced) Q4 - get a lot of warning after the simulator target is built? program works ok however.... Images For Q1 and Q2: For Q4: Settings used in Unity: Errors I see in XCode:

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• Kinect Hand tracking in xna

  - by N0xus

  I'm trying to create an application using the Kinect to simulate the following project: Kinect Hand Tracking I want my project to have similar usability with the Kinect tracking hand and finger positions for use in a menu system, or to navigate another system. What I would like to know is; is it possible for the exact same to be accomplished in XNA using Kinect? I know that it can be done in Winform / C#, but I know XNA / C# a lot better and would (ideally) prefer to use that.

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• circle - rectangle collision in 2D, most efficient way

  - by john smith

  Suppose I have a circle intersecting a rectangle, what is ideally the least cpu intensive way between the two? method A calculate rectangle boundaries loop through all points of the circle and, for each of those, check if inside the rect. method B calculate rectangle boundaries check where the center of the circle is, compared to the rectangle make 9 switch/case statements for the following positions: top, bottom, left, right top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right inside rectangle check only one distance using the circle's radius depending on where the circle happens t be. I know there are other ways that are definitely better than these two, and if could point me a link to them, would be great but, exactly between those two, which one would you consider to be better, regarding both performance and quality/precision? Thanks in advance.

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• improve Collision detection memory usage (blocks with bullets)

  - by Eddy

  i am making a action platform 2D game, something like Megaman. I am using XNA to make it. already made player phisics,collisions, bullets, enemies and AIs, map editor, scorolling X Y camera (about 75% of game is finished ). as i progressed i noticed that my game would be more interesting to play if bullets would be destroyed on collision with regular(stationary ) map blocks, only problem is that if i use my collision detection (each bullet with each block) sometimes it begins to lag(btw if my bullet exits the screen player can see it is removed from bullet list) So how to improve my collision detection so that memory usage would be so high? :) ( on a map 300x300 blocks for example don't think that bigger map should be made); int block = 0; int bulet= 0; bool destroy_bullet = false; while (bulet < bullets.Count) { while (block < blocks.Count) { if (bullets[bulet].P_Bul_rec.Intersects( blocks[block].rect)) {//bullets and block are Lists that holds objects of bullet and block classes //P_Bul_rec just bullet rectangle destroy_bullet = true; } block++; } if (destroy_bullet) { bullets.RemoveAt(bulet); destroy_bullet = false; } else { bulet++; } block = 0; }

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• Loading and drawing materials using Lib3ds

  - by Dfowj

  Hey all, i'm currently using Lib3ds to load models into my C++/OpenGL project. So far, i've been follow the model loading tutorial found here. The tutorial gives a good example of how to draw the vertices and normals using VBO's, but so far i've been lost as how to do the same thing with materials. Could i get an explanation/example of how to both load and draw materials of my meshes using Lib3ds and OpenGL?

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• XNA texture stretching at extreme coordinates

  - by Shaun Hamman

  I was toying around with infinitely scrolling 2D textures using the XNA framework and came across a rather strange observation. Using the basic draw code: spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, null, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null); spriteBatch.Draw(texture, Vector2.Zero, sourceRect, Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, 2.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 1.0f); spriteBatch.End(); with a small 32x32 texture and a sourceRect defined as: sourceRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, Window.ClientBounds.Width, Window.ClientBounds.Height); I was able to scroll the texture across the window infinitely by changing the X and Y coordinates of the sourceRect. Playing with different coordinate locations, I noticed that if I made either of the coordinates too large, the texture no longer drew and was instead replaced by either a flat color or alternating bands of color. Tracing the coordinates back down, I found the following at around (0, -16,777,000): As you can see, the texture in the top half of the image is stretched vertically. My question is why is this occurring? Certainly I can do things like bind the x/y position to some low multiple of 32 to give the same effect without this occurring, so fixing it isn't an issue, but I'm curious about why this happens. My initial thought was perhaps it was overflowing the coordinate value or some such thing, but looking at a data type size chart, the next closest below is an unsigned short with a range of about 32,000, and above is an unsigned int with a range of around 2,000,000,000 so that isn't likely the cause.

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