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• My frustum culling is culling from the wrong point

  - by Xbetas

  I'm having problems with my frustum being in the wrong origin. It follows the rotation of my camera but not the position. In my camera class I'm generating a view-matrix: void Camera::Update() { UpdateViewMatrix(); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //glLoadIdentity(); glLoadMatrixf(GetViewMatrix().m); } Then extracting the planes using the projection matrix and modelview matrix: void UpdateFrustum() { Matrix4x4 projection, model, clip; glGetFloatv(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection.m); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, model.m); clip = model * projection; m_Planes[RIGHT][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 0]; m_Planes[RIGHT][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 4]; m_Planes[RIGHT][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[ 8]; m_Planes[RIGHT][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[12]; NormalizePlane(RIGHT); m_Planes[LEFT][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 0]; m_Planes[LEFT][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 4]; m_Planes[LEFT][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[ 8]; m_Planes[LEFT][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[12]; NormalizePlane(LEFT); m_Planes[BOTTOM][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 1]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 5]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[ 9]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[13]; NormalizePlane(BOTTOM); m_Planes[TOP][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 1]; m_Planes[TOP][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 5]; m_Planes[TOP][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[ 9]; m_Planes[TOP][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[13]; NormalizePlane(TOP); m_Planes[NEAR][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 2]; m_Planes[NEAR][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 6]; m_Planes[NEAR][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[10]; m_Planes[NEAR][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[14]; NormalizePlane(NEAR); m_Planes[FAR][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 2]; m_Planes[FAR][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 6]; m_Planes[FAR][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[10]; m_Planes[FAR][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[14]; NormalizePlane(FAR); } void NormalizePlane(int side) { float length = 1.0/(float)sqrt(m_Planes[side][0] * m_Planes[side][0] + m_Planes[side][1] * m_Planes[side][1] + m_Planes[side][2] * m_Planes[side][2]); m_Planes[side][0] /= length; m_Planes[side][1] /= length; m_Planes[side][2] /= length; m_Planes[side][3] /= length; } And check against it with: bool PointInFrustum(float x, float y, float z) { for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if( m_Planes[i][0] * x + m_Planes[i][1] * y + m_Planes[i][2] * z + m_Planes[i][3] <= 0 ) return false; } return true; } Then i render using: camera->Update(); UpdateFrustum(); int numCulled = 0; for(int i = 0; i < (int)meshes.size(); i++) { if(!PointInFrustum(meshCenter.x, meshCenter.y, meshCenter.z)) { meshes[i]->SetDraw(false); numCulled++; } else meshes[i]->SetDraw(true); } What am i doing wrong?

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• 2D Grid based game - how should I draw grid lines?

  - by Adam K Dean

  I'm playing around with a 2D grid based game idea, and I am using sprites for the grid cells. Let's say there is a 10 x 10 grid and each cell is 48x48, which will have sprites drawn there. That is fine. But in design mode, I'd like to have a grid overlay the screen. I can do this either with sprites (2x600 pixel image etc) or with primitives, but which is best? Should I really be switching between sprites and 3d/2d rendering? Like so: Thanks!

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• How do I render only part of a texture to a point sprite in OpenGL ES for Android?

  - by nbolton

  Using the libgdx framework, I've figured out how to render a texture to a point sprite. The problem is, it renders the entire texture to the point sprite, where I only want a small part of it (since it's an isometric tile image). Here's a snippet from some demo code I wrote... create() { renderer = new ImmediateModeRenderer(); tiles = Gdx.graphics.newTexture( Gdx.files.internal("data/tiles2.png"), TextureFilter.MipMap, TextureFilter.Linear, TextureWrap.ClampToEdge, TextureWrap.ClampToEdge); Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.6f, 0.7f, 0.9f, 1); Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL11.GL_POINT_SPRITE_OES); Gdx.gl11.glTexEnvi( GL11.GL_POINT_SPRITE_OES, GL11.GL_COORD_REPLACE_OES, GL11.GL_TRUE); Gdx.gl10.glPointSize(s); tiles.bind(); } render() { Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); renderer.begin(GL10.GL_POINTS); // render 3 point sprites at various 3d points renderer.vertex(-.1f, 0, -.1f); renderer.vertex(0, 0, 0); renderer.vertex(.1f, 0, .1f); // ... more vertices here if needed (one for each sprite) ... renderer.end(); }

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• GLSL billboard move center of rotation

  - by Jacob Kofoed

  I have successfully set up a billboard shader that works, it can take in a quad and rotate it so it always points toward the screen. I am using this vertex-shader: void main(){ vec4 tmpPos = (MVP * bufferMatrix * vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)) + (MV * vec4( vertexPosition.x * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[0][0], vertexPosition.y * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[1][1], vertexPosition.z * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[2][2], 0.0) ); UV = UVOffset + vertexUV * UVScale; gl_Position = tmpPos; BufferMatrix is the model-matrix, it is an attribute to support Instance-drawing. The problem is best explained through pictures: This is the start position of the camera: And this is the position, looking in from 45 degree to the right: Obviously, as each character is it's own quad, the shader rotates each one around their own center towards the camera. What I in fact want is for them to rotate around a shared center, how would I do this? What I have been trying to do this far is: mat4 translation = mat4(1.0); translation = glm::translate(translation, vec3(pos)*1.f * 2.f); translation = glm::scale(translation, vec3(scale, 1.f)); translation = glm::translate(translation, vec3(anchorPoint - pos) / vec3(scale, 1.f)); Where the translation is the bufferMatrix sent to the shader. What I am trying to do is offset the center, but this might not be possible with a single matrix..? I am interested in a solution that doesn't require CPU calculations each frame, but rather set it up once and then let the shader do the billboard rotation. I realize there's many different solutions, like merging all the quads together, but I would first like to know if the approach with offsetting the center is possible. If it all seems a bit confusing, it's because I'm a little confused myself.

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• PokeMMO. How they do it?

  - by RufioLJ

  Well PokeMMO is a JAVA game project which basically is the original FireRed title for the GBA made online. They know this type of projects don't last long because of the copyrighted material used, but they somehow made their client extract resources from ROMS. So they don't offer any copyrighted material on their download. I wonder what technique they could be using for this? All I know is that they use LWJGL.

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• Why do camera's aspect ratio look good on computer but not on Android devices?

  - by Pooya Fayyaz

  I'm developing a game for Android devices and I have a script that solves the aspect-ratio problem for computer screens but not for my intended target platform. It looks perfect on computer, even when re-sizing the game screen, but not when running my game in landscape mode on mobile phones. This is my script using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public class reso : MonoBehaviour { void Update() { // set the desired aspect ratio (the values in this example are // hard-coded for 16:9, but you could make them into public // variables instead so you can set them at design time) float targetaspect = 16.0f / 9.0f; // determine the game window's current aspect ratio float windowaspect = (float)Screen.width / (float)Screen.height; // current viewport height should be scaled by this amount float scaleheight = windowaspect / targetaspect; // obtain camera component so we can modify its viewport Camera camera = GetComponent<Camera>(); // if scaled height is less than current height, add letterbox if (scaleheight < 1.0f && Screen.width <= 490 ) { Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = 1.0f; rect.height = scaleheight; rect.x = 0; rect.y = (1.0f - scaleheight) / 2.0f; camera.rect = rect; } else // add pillarbox { float scalewidth = 1.0f / scaleheight; Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = scalewidth; rect.height = 1.0f; rect.x = (1.0f - scalewidth) / 2.0f; rect.y = 0; camera.rect = rect; } } } I figured that my problem occurs in this part of the script: if (scaleheight < 1.0f) { Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = 1.0f; rect.height = scaleheight; rect.x = 0; rect.y = (1.0f - scaleheight) / 2.0f; camera.rect = rect; } Its look like this on my mobile phone (portrait): and on landscape mode:

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• Getting an OBB out of another OBB?

  - by Milo

  I'm working on collision resolution for my game. I just need a good way to get an object out of another object if it gets stuck. In this case a car. Here is a typical scenario. The red car is in the green object. How do I correctly get it out so the car can slide along the edge of the object as it should. I tried: if(buildings.size() > 0) { Entity e = buildings.get(0); Vector2D vel = new Vector2D(); vel.x = vehicle.getVelocity().x; vel.y = vehicle.getVelocity().y; vel.normalize(); while(vehicle.getRect().overlaps(e.getRect())) { vehicle.setCenter(vehicle.getCenterX() - vel.x * 0.1f, vehicle.getCenterY() - vel.y * 0.1f); } colided = true; } But that does not work too well. Is there some sort of vector I could calculate to use as the vector to move the car away from the object? Thanks

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• Xna GS 4 Animation Sample bone transforms not copying correctly

  - by annonymously

  I have a person model that is animated and a suitcase model that is not. The person can pick up the suitcase and it should move to the location of the hand bone of the person model. Unfortunately the suitcase doesn't follow the animation correctly. it moves with the hand's animation but its position is under the ground and way too far to the right. I haven't scaled any of the models myself. Thank you. The source code (forgive the rough prototype code): Matrix[] tran = new Matrix[man.model.Bones.Count];// The absolute transforms from the animation player man.model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(tran); Vector3 suitcasePos, suitcaseScale, tempSuitcasePos = new Vector3();// Place holders for the Matrix Decompose Quaternion suitcaseRot = new Quaternion(); // The transformation of the right hand bone is decomposed tran[man.model.Bones["HPF_RightHand"].Index].Decompose(out suitcaseScale, out suitcaseRot, out tempSuitcasePos); suitcasePos = new Vector3(); suitcasePos.X = tempSuitcasePos.Z;// The axes are inverted for some reason suitcasePos.Y = -tempSuitcasePos.Y; suitcasePos.Z = -tempSuitcasePos.X; suitcase.Position = man.Position + suitcasePos;// The actual Suitcase properties suitcase.Rotation = man.Rotation + new Vector3(suitcaseRot.X, suitcaseRot.Y, suitcaseRot.Z); I am also copying the bone transforms from the animation player in the Person class like so: // The transformations from the AnimationPlayer Matrix[] skinTrans = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; skinTrans = player.GetBoneTransforms(); // copy each transformation to its corresponding bone for (int i = 0; i < skinTrans.Length; i++) { model.Bones[i].Transform = skinTrans[i]; }

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• How can I solve the same problems a CB-architecture is trying to solve without using hacks? [on hold]

  - by Jefffrey

  A component based system's goal is to solve the problems that derives from inheritance: for example the fact that some parts of the code (that are called components) are reused by very different classes that, hypothetically, would lie in a very different branch of the inheritance tree. That's a very nice concept, but I've found out that CBS is often hard to accomplish without using ugly hacks. Implementations of this system are often far from clean. But I don't want to discuss this any further. My question is: how can I solve the same problems a CBS try to solve with a very clean interface? (possibly with examples, there are a lot of abstract talks about the "perfect" design already). Here's an example I was going for before realizing I was just reinventing inheritance again: class Human { public: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; // other human specific components }; class Zombie { Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; // other zombie specific components }; After writing that I realized I needed an interface, otherwise I would have needed N containers for N different types of objects (or to use boost::variant to gather them all together). So I've thought of polymorphism (move what systems do in a CBS design into class specific functions): class Entity { public: virtual void on_event(Event) {} // not pure virtual on purpose virtual void on_update(World) {} virtual void on_draw(Window) {} }; class Human { private: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; public: virtual void on_event(Event) { ... } virtual void on_update(World) { ... } virtual void on_draw(Window) { ... } }; class Zombie { private: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; public: virtual void on_event(Event) { ... } virtual void on_update(World) { ... } virtual void on_draw(Window) { ... } }; Which was nice, except for the fact that now the outside world would not even be able to know where a Human is positioned (it does not have access to its position member). That would be useful to track the player position for collision detection or if on_update the Zombie would want to track down its nearest human to move towards him. So I added const Position& get_position() const; to both the Zombie and Human classes. And then I realized that both functionality were shared, so it should have gone to the common base class: Entity. Do you notice anything? Yes, with that methodology I would have a god Entity class full of common functionality (which is the thing I was trying to avoid in the first place).

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• ScreenManagement how do I had different controls?

  - by DiasFrancisco

  I saw a question here using DataTemplates with WPF for ScreenManagement, I was curious and I gave it a try I think the ideia is amazing and very clean. Though I'm new to WPF and I read a lot of times that almost everything should be made in XAML and very little should be "coded behind". My questions resolves about using the datatemplate ideia, WHERE should the code that calls the transitions be? where should I define which commands are avaiable in which screens. For example: [ScreenA] Commands: Pressing B - Goes to state B Pressing ESC - Exits [ScreenB] Commands: Pressing A - Goes to state A Pressing SPACE - Exits where do I define the keyEventHandlers? and where do I call the next screen? I'm doing this as an hobby for learning and "if you are learning, better learn it right" :) Thank you for your time.

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• how to label a cuboid using open gl?

  - by usha

  hi this is how my 3dcuboid looks ,i have attached complete code , i want to label this cuboid using different name across sides how is it possible using opengl in android...plz help me out public class MyGLRenderer implements Renderer { Context context; Cuboid rect; private float mCubeRotation; // private static float angleCube = 0; // Rotational angle in degree for cube (NEW) // private static float speedCube = -1.5f; // Rotational speed for cube (NEW) public MyGLRenderer(Context context) { rect = new Cuboid(); this.context = context; } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the model-view matrix gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.0f, -8.0f); // Translate right and into the screen gl.glScalef(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f); // Scale down (NEW) gl.glRotatef(mCubeRotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // gl.glRotatef(angleCube, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // rotate about the axis (1,1,1) (NEW) rect.draw(gl); mCubeRotation -= 0.15f; //angleCube += speedCube; } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (height == 0) height = 1; // To prevent divide by zero float aspect = (float)width / height; // Set the viewport (display area) to cover the entire window gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Setup perspective projection, with aspect ratio matches viewport gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Select projection matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset projection matrix // Use perspective projection GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.f); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Select model-view matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset } public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color's clear-value to black gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); // Set depth's clear-value to farthest gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables depth-buffer for hidden surface removal gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); // The type of depth testing to do gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); // nice perspective view gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); // Enable smooth shading of color gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); // Disable dithering for better performance }} public class Cuboid{ private FloatBuffer mVertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer mColorBuffer; private ByteBuffer mIndexBuffer; private float vertices[] = { //width,height,depth -2.5f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private float colors[] = { // R,G,B,A COLOR 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private byte indices[] = { // VERTEX 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 REPRESENTATION FOR FACES 0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2 }; public Cuboid() { ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mVertexBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mVertexBuffer.put(vertices); mVertexBuffer.position(0); byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mColorBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mColorBuffer.put(colors); mColorBuffer.position(0); mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); mIndexBuffer.put(indices); mIndexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mVertexBuffer); gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mColorBuffer); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mIndexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); } } public class Draw3drect extends Activity { private GLSurfaceView glView; // Use GLSurfaceView // Call back when the activity is started, to initialize the view @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setRenderer(new MyGLRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer this.setContentView(glView); // This activity sets to GLSurfaceView } // Call back when the activity is going into the background @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); glView.onPause(); } // Call back after onPause() @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); glView.onResume(); } }

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• How to translate along Z axis in OpenTK

  - by JeremyJAlpha

  I am playing around with an OpenGL sample application I downloaded for Xamarin-Android. The sample application produces a rotating colored cube I would simply like to edit it so that the rotating cube is translated along the Z axis and disappears into the distance. I modified the code by: adding an cumulative variable to store my Z distance, adding GL.Enable(All.DepthBufferBit) - unsure if I put it in the right place, adding GL.Translate(0.0f, 0.0f, Depth) - before the rotate functions, Result: cube rotates a couple of times then disappears, it seems to be getting clipped out of the frustum. So my question is what is the correct way to use and initialize the Z buffer and get the cube to travel along the Z axis? I am sure I am missing some function calls but am unsure of what they are and where to put them. I apologise in advance as this is very basic stuff but am still learning :P, I would appreciate it if anyone could show me the best way to get the cube to still rotate but to also move along the Z axis. I have commented all my modifications in the code: // This gets called when the drawing surface is ready protected override void OnLoad (EventArgs e) { // this call is optional, and meant to raise delegates // in case any are registered base.OnLoad (e); // UpdateFrame and RenderFrame are called // by the render loop. This is takes effect // when we use 'Run ()', like below UpdateFrame += delegate (object sender, FrameEventArgs args) { // Rotate at a constant speed for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) rot [i] += (float) (rateOfRotationPS [i] * args.Time); }; RenderFrame += delegate { RenderCube (); }; GL.Enable(All.DepthBufferBit); //Added by Noob GL.Enable(All.CullFace); GL.ShadeModel(All.Smooth); GL.Hint(All.PerspectiveCorrectionHint, All.Nicest); // Run the render loop Run (30); } void RenderCube () { GL.Viewport(0, 0, viewportWidth, viewportHeight); GL.MatrixMode (All.Projection); GL.LoadIdentity (); if ( viewportWidth > viewportHeight ) { GL.Ortho(-1.5f, 1.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); } else { GL.Ortho(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f); } GL.MatrixMode (All.Modelview); GL.LoadIdentity (); Depth -= 0.02f; //Added by Noob GL.Translate(0.0f,0.0f,Depth); //Added by Noob GL.Rotate (rot[0], 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); GL.Rotate (rot[1], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); GL.Rotate (rot[2], 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); GL.ClearColor (0, 0, 0, 1.0f); GL.Clear (ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit); GL.VertexPointer(3, All.Float, 0, cube); GL.EnableClientState (All.VertexArray); GL.ColorPointer (4, All.Float, 0, cubeColors); GL.EnableClientState (All.ColorArray); GL.DrawElements(All.Triangles, 36, All.UnsignedByte, triangles); SwapBuffers (); }

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• Question about component based design: handling objects interaction

  - by Milo

  I'm not sure how exactly objects do things to other objects in a component based design. Say I have an Obj class. I do: Obj obj; obj.add(new Position()); obj.add(new Physics()); How could I then have another object not only move the ball but have those physics applied. I'm not looking for implementation details but rather abstractly how objects communicate. In an entity based design, you might just have: obj1.emitForceOn(obj2,5.0,0.0,0.0); Any article or explanation to get a better grasp on a component driven design and how to do basic things would be really helpful.

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• Beggining OpenGL vs beggining DirectX and some question about the philosophical difference between them

  - by jokoon

  I'm begginning with Direct X at school, and my teacher said it was harder to begin with than OpenGL, but I read several things that in fact, Direct X was more advanced than OpenGL in terms of recent graphic cards features. Since I'm far from wanting to do top notch effects, which can already be implemented with existing engines and/or shaders, I wanted to know your opinion: Can OpenGL be considered like a more basic, KISS, hardware agnostic, graphic library to just do 3D with acceleration, and consider DirectX like a top notch, game-oriented graphic API that will always support the next-gen 3D chips ? Citation from wikipedia on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_Tech_5 : John Carmack mentioned in his keynote at QuakeCon 2007 that the id Tech 5 engine will not be using the DirectX 10 API. I don't want to seem like I'm minding open source because Carmack does and because he is famous, it's just that android and iPhone are out there, and Direct X doesn't seems to me to be the necessary API to know, since Windows supports OpenGL, and since the 360 is just a console among other consoles.

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• Where is a good spot to start when writing a LWJGL game engine?

  - by Alcionic

  I'm starting work on a huge game and somewhere along my train of thought I decided it would be a good idea to write my own engine for the game. I was originally going to use JMonkeyEngine but there were some things about it that just didn't work well with me. I wanted full control over every aspect of the entire process. Where would a good place to start be when writing your own engine? I have no experience with LWJGL but I learn quick. Either advice or some place where there is good advice would be nice. Thanks!

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• Keypress detection wont work after seemingly unrelated code change

  - by LukeZaz

  I'm trying to have the Enter key cause a new 'map' to generate for my game, but for whatever reason after implementing full-screen in it the input check won't work anymore. I tried removing the new code and only pressing one key at a time, but it still won't work. Here's the check code and the method it uses, along with the newMap method: public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { // ... protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // ... // Check if Enter was pressed - if so, generate a new map if (CheckInput(Keys.Enter, 1)) { blocks = newMap(map, blocks, console); } // ... } // Method: Checks if a key is/was pressed public bool CheckInput(Keys key, int checkType) { // Get current keyboard state KeyboardState newState = Keyboard.GetState(); bool retType = false; // Return type if (checkType == 0) { // Check Type: Is key currently down? if (newState.IsKeyDown(key)) { retType = true; } else { retType = false; } } else if (checkType == 1) { // Check Type: Was the key pressed? if (newState.IsKeyDown(key)) { if (!oldState.IsKeyDown(key)) { // Key was just pressed retType = true; } else { // Key was already pressed, return false retType = false; } } } // Save keyboard state oldState = newState; // Return result if (retType == true) { return true; } else { return false; } } // Method: Generate a new map public List<Block> newMap(Map map, List<Block> blockList, Console console) { // Create new map block coordinates List<Vector2> positions = new List<Vector2>(); positions = map.generateMap(console); // Clear list and reallocate memory previously used up by it blockList.Clear(); blockList.TrimExcess(); // Add new blocks to the list using positions created by generateMap() foreach (Vector2 pos in positions) { blockList.Add(new Block() { Position = pos, Texture = dirtTex }); } // Return modified list return blockList; } // ... } and the generateMap code: // Generate a list of Vector2 positions for blocks public List<Vector2> generateMap(Console console, int method = 0) { ScreenTileWidth = gDevice.Viewport.Width / 16; ScreenTileHeight = gDevice.Viewport.Height / 16; maxHeight = gDevice.Viewport.Height; List<Vector2> blockLocations = new List<Vector2>(); if (useScreenSize == true) { Width = ScreenTileWidth; Height = ScreenTileHeight; } else { maxHeight = Height; } int startHeight = -500; // For debugging purposes, the startHeight is set to an // hopefully-unreachable value - if it returns this, something is wrong // Methods of land generation /// <summary> /// Third version land generation /// Generates a base land height as the second version does /// but also generates a 'max change' value which determines how much /// the land can raise or lower by which it now does by a random amount /// during generation /// </summary> if (method == 0) { // Get the land height startHeight = rnd.Next(1, maxHeight); int maxChange = rnd.Next(1, 5); // Amount ground will raise/lower by int curHeight = startHeight; for (int w = 0; w < Width; w++) { // Run a chance to lower/raise ground level int changeBy = rnd.Next(1, maxChange); int doChange = rnd.Next(0, 3); if (doChange == 1 && !(curHeight <= (1 + maxChange))) { curHeight = curHeight - changeBy; } else if (doChange == 2 && !(curHeight >= (29 - maxChange))) { curHeight = curHeight + changeBy; } for (int h = curHeight; h < Height; h++) { // Location variables float x = w * 16; float y = h * 16; blockLocations.Add(new Vector2(x, y)); } } console.newMsg("[INFO] Cur, height change maximum: " + maxChange.ToString()); } /// <summary> /// Second version land generator /// Generates a solid mass of land starting at a random height /// derived from either screen height or provided height value /// </summary> else if (method == 1) { // Get the land height startHeight = rnd.Next(0, 30); for (int w = 0; w < Width; w++) { for (int h = startHeight; h < ScreenTileHeight; h++) { // Location variables float x = w * 16; float y = h * 16; // Add a tile at set location blockLocations.Add(new Vector2(x, y)); } } } /// <summary> /// First version land generator /// Generates land completely randomly either across screen or /// in a box set by Width and Height values /// </summary> else { // For each tile in the map... for (int w = 0; w < Width; w++) { for (int h = 0; h < Height; h++) { // Location variables float x = w * 16; float y = h * 16; // ...decide whether or not to place a tile... if (rnd.Next(0, 2) == 1) { // ...and if so, add a tile at that location. blockLocations.Add(new Vector2(x, y)); } } } } console.newMsg("[INFO] Cur, base height: " + startHeight.ToString()); return blockLocations; } I never touched any of the above code for this when it broke - changing keys won't seem to fix it. Despite this, I have camera movement set inside another Game1 method that uses WASD and works perfectly. All I did was add a few lines of code here: private int BackBufferWidth = 1280; // Added these variables private int BackBufferHeight = 800; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = BackBufferWidth; // and this graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = BackBufferHeight; // this Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; this.graphics.IsFullScreen = true; // and this } When I try adding a console line to be printed in the event the key is pressed, it seems that the If is never even triggered despite the correct key being pressed.

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• Math major as a viable degree

  - by Zak O'Keefe

  While I realize there are many topics about CS vs software engineering vs game school programs, I haven't found anything relating to whether pure math degrees (with CS minor and electives) would also be a viable program. By this I mean: Would having a math major, CS minor put one at competitive disadvantage as compared to a pure CS program? This relates specifically to game engine programming, more on the graphics side. Background (for those who care): Currently a math major, CS minor at school and looking to land a career doing graphics engine programming. Admittedly, I love math and if at all possible would like to stay my current program as long as it doesn't put me at a competitive disadvantage trying to land a job post-graduation. That being said, I'm strong in the traditional C/C++ languages, strong concurrent programming skills, and currently produce self-made games for iOS. As an employer, how badly is the math major hurting me? Just want to get some advice from people already in the field!

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• OpenGL ES 2.0 texture distortion on large geometry

  - by Spruce

  OpenGL ES 2.0 has serious precision issues with texture sampling - I've seen topics with a similar problem, but I haven't seen a real solution to this "distorted OpenGL ES 2.0 texture" problem yet. This is not related to the texture's image format or OpenGL color buffers, it seems like it's a precision error. I don't know what specifically causes the precision to fail - it doesn't seem like it's just the size of geometry that causes this distortion, because simply scaling vertex position passed to the the vertex shader does not solve the issue. Here are some examples of the texture distortion: Distorted Texture (on OpenGL ES 2.0): http://i47.tinypic.com/3322h6d.png What the texture normally looks like (also on OpenGL ES 2.0): http://i49.tinypic.com/b4jc6c.png The texture issue is limited to small scale geometry on OpenGL ES 2.0, otherwise the texture sampling appears normal, but the grainy effect gradually worsens the further the vertex data is from the origin of XYZ(0,0,0) These texture issues do not occur on desktop OpenGL (works fine under Windows XP, Windows 7, and Mac OS X) I've only seen the problem occur on Android, iPhone, or WebGL(which is similar to OpenGL ES 2.0) All textures are power of 2 but the problem still occurs Scaling the vertex data - The values of a vertex's X Y Z location are in the range of: -65536 to +65536 floating point I realized this was large, so I tried dividing the vertex positions by 1024 to shrink the geometry and hopefully get more accurate floating point precision, but this didn't fix or lessen the texture distortion issue Scaling the modelview or scaling the projection matrix does not help Changing texture filtering options does not help Disabling mipmapping, or using GL_NEAREST/GL_LINEAR does nothing Enabling/disabling anisotropic does nothing The banding effect still occurs even when using GL_CLAMP Dividing the texture coords passed to the vertex shader and then multiplying them back to the correct values in the fragment shader, also does not work precision highp sampler2D, highp float, highp int - in the fragment or the vertex shader didn't change anything (lowp/mediump did not work either) I'm thinking this problem has to have been solved at one point - Seeing that OpenGL ES 2.0 -based games have been able to render large-scale, highly detailed geometry

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• Smooth vector based jump

  - by Esa

  I started working on Wolfire's mathematics tutorials. I got the jumping working well using a step by step system, where you press a button and the cube moves to the next point on the jumping curve. Then I tried making the jumping happen during a set time period e.g the jump starts and lands within 1.5 seconds. I tried the same system I used for the step by step implementation, but it happens instantly. After some googling I found that Time.deltatime should be used, but I could not figure how. Below is my current jumping code, which makes the jump happen instantly. while (transform.position.y > 0) { modifiedJumperVelocity -= jumperDrag; transform.position += new Vector3(modifiedJumperVelocity.x, modifiedJumperVelocity.y, 0); } Where modifiedJumperVelocity is starting vector minus the jumper drag. JumperDrag is the value that is substracted from the modifiedJumperVelocity during each step of the jump. Below is an image of the jumping curve:

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• Collision with CCSprite

  - by Coder404

  I'm making an iOS app based off the code from here In the .m file of the tutorial is this: -(void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake( projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake( target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; } I am trying to take away the projectiles and have the app know when the CCSprite "Player" and the targets collide. Could someone help me with this? Thanks

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• Using a particular font in a commercial game

  - by RCIX

  I'm working on a game I intend to sell, and I want to use this font. The license says: "You may NOT copy or distribute the font outside of the licensed household, company, school or institution. Please ask external contacts who want to use the font to purchase their own license at www.CheapProFonts.com." However, my plans are to use a tool to output a texture using this font to use as a bitmap font in my game. Does this mean I can do so, and sell my game with the font in it?

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• How do I implement movement in a WPF Adventure game?

  - by ZeroPhase

  I'm working on making a short WPF adventure game. The only major hurdle I have right now is how to animate objects on the screen correctly. I've experimented with DoubleAnimation and ThicknessAnimation both enable movement of the character, but the speed is a bit erratic. The objects I'm trying to move around are labels in a grid, I'm checking the mouse's position in terms of the canvas I have the grid in. Does anyone have any suggestions for coding the movement, while still allowing mouse clicks to pick up items when needed? It would be nice if I could continue using the Visual Studio GUI Editor. By the way, I'm fine with scrapping labels in a grid for a more ideal object to manipulate. Here's my movement code: ThicknessAnimation ta = new ThicknessAnimation(); The event handling movement: private void Hansel_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { ta.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.HoldEnd; ta.From = Hansel.Margin; double newX = Mouse.GetPosition(PlayArea).X; double newY = Mouse.GetPosition(PlayArea).Y; if (newX < Convert.ToDouble(Hansel.Margin.Left)) { //newX = -1 * newX; ta.To = new Thickness(0, newY, newX, 0); } else if (newY < Convert.ToDouble(Hansel.Margin.Top)) { newY = -1 * newY; } else { ta.To = new Thickness(newX, newY, 0, 0); } ta.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)); Hansel.BeginAnimation(Grid.MarginProperty, ta); } ScreenShot with annotations: http://i1118.photobucket.com/albums/k608/sealclubberr/clickToMove_zps9d4a33cc.png ScreenShot with example movement: http://i1118.photobucket.com/albums/k608/sealclubberr/clickToMove_zps51f2359f.jpg

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• Manipulating Perlin Noise

  - by Numeri

  I've been learning about Procedurally Generated Content lately (in particular, Perlin noise). Perlin noise works great for making things like landscapes, height maps, and stuff like that. But now I am trying to generate structures more like mountain ranges (in 2D, as 3D would be way over my head right now) or underground veins of ores. I can't manage to manipulate Perlin Noise to do this. Making a cut off point (i.e. using only the tops of the 'mountains' of a heightmap) wouldn't work, because I would get lumps of mountains/veins. Any suggestions? Thanks, Numeri

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• How could you model "scent trails" in a game?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  Say you want to create a 3D game, and have either players, or mobiles, be able to tract other entity by following their scent trails. Is there any known data-structure that matches this use case? If you have only few individuals going about, you can probably do something like a map of 3D coord to entity ID, but real scent works differently, because it fades over time, but slowly. And most of the time, you can only know approximately what went there, and approximately how many things of that type went there. And the approximation becomes worst with time, until it's gone. I imagine it's kind of like starting with an exact number, and slowly loosing the least significant digits, until you loose the most significant digit too. But that doesn't really help me, because entity IDs aren't normally encoded to contain the entity type, in addition to it's individual ID.

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• Game engine design: Multiplayer and listen servers

  - by jarx

  My game engine right now consists of a working singleplayer part. I'm now starting to think about how to do the multiplayer part. I have found out that many games actually don't have a real singleplayer mode, but when playing alone you are actually hosting a local server as well, and almost everything runs as if you were in multiplayer (except that the data packets can be passed over an alternate route for better performance) My engine would need major refactoring to adapt to this model. There would be three possible modes: Dedicated client, Dedicated server and Client-Server (listen mode) * How often is the listen-server model used in the gaming industry? * What are the (dis)advantages of it? * What other options do I have?

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