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  • Rails 3 Abstract Class vs Inherited Class

    - by R. Yanchuleff
    In my rails 3 model, I have two classes: Product, Service. I want both to be of type InventoryItem because I have another model called Store and Store has_many :InventoryItems This is what I'm trying to get to, but I'm not sure how to model this in my InventoryItem model and my Product and Service models. Should InventoryItem just be a parent class that Product and Service inherit from, or should InventoryItem be modeled as a class abstract of which Product and Service extend from. Thanks in advance for the advice!

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  • Setting attributes of a class during construction from **kwargs

    - by Carson Myers
    Python noob here, Currently I'm working with SQLAlchemy, and I have this: from __init__ import Base from sqlalchemy.schema import Column, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.types import Integer, String from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship class User(Base): __tablename__ = "users" id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) username = Column(String, unique=True) email = Column(String) password = Column(String) salt = Column(String) openids = relationship("OpenID", backref="users") User.__table__.create(checkfirst=True) #snip definition of OpenID class def create(**kwargs): user = User() if "username" in kwargs.keys(): user.username = kwargs['username'] if "email" in kwargs.keys(): user.username = kwargs['email'] if "password" in kwargs.keys(): user.password = kwargs['password'] return user This is in /db/users.py, so it would be used like: from db import users new_user = users.create(username="Carson", password="1234") new_user.email = "[email protected]" users.add(new_user) #this function obviously not defined yet but the code in create() is a little stupid, and I'm wondering if there's a better way to do it that doesn't require an if ladder, and that will fail if any keys are added that aren't in the User object already. Like: for attribute in kwargs.keys(): if attribute in User: user.__attribute__[attribute] = kwargs[attribute] else: raise Exception("blah") that way I could put this in its own function (unless one hopefully already exists?) So I wouldn't have to do the if ladder again and again, and so I could change the table structure without modifying this code. Any suggestions?

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  • base class , inheritate class sizeof()

    - by user1279988
    why sizeof(X) is 4 and sizeof(Y) is 8? and another question, in class X, only the int(i) count as sizeof() 4? member function does take any memory space? Plz tell me, thanks! class X { int i; public: X() { i = 0; } void set(int ii) { i = ii; } int read() const { return i; } int permute() { return i = i * 47; } }; class Y : public X { int i; // Different from X's i public: Y() { i = 0; } int change() { i = permute(); // Different name call return i; } void set(int ii) { i = ii; X::set(ii); // Same-name function call } }; cout << "sizeof(X) = " << sizeof(X) << endl; cout << "sizeof(Y) = "

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  • Compare base class part of sub class instance to another base class instance

    - by Anders Abel
    I have number of DTO classes in a system. They are organized in an inheritance hierarchy. class Person { public int Id { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string ListName { get; set; } } class PersonDetailed : Person { public string WorkPhone { get; set; } public string HomePhone { get; set; } public byte[] Image { get; set; } } The reason for splitting it up is to be able to get a list of people for e.g. search results, without having to drag the heavy image and phone numbers along. Then the full PersonDetail DTO is loaded when the details for one person is selected. The problem I have run into is comparing these when writing unit tests. Assume I have Person p1 = myService.GetAPerson(); PersonDetailed p2 = myService.GetAPersonDetailed(); // How do I compare the base class part of p2 to p1? Assert.AreEqual(p1, p2); The Assert above will fail, as p1 and p2 are different classes. Is it possible to somehow only compare the base class part of p2 to p1? Should I implement IEquatable<> on Person? Other suggestions?

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  • Ubuntu Screenshot Window Class

    - by Weylin Schreck
    I would like to know the class for the "thing" that pops up when you take a screen shot using the default screen capture utility in Ubuntu 12.04. When I do a full screen capture it lags a lot because of particular animation I use to open things like drop down menus. Therefore I’d like to disable that only. If someone could provide me with the window "class=" or however I would disable the animation there it would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How do I set an array in one class with another array in another class

    - by Stef
    I've populated and array with data like this in one class... PowerClass.h NSMutableArray pickerArray; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray pickerArray; - PowerClass.m @synthesize pickerArray; @implementation NSMutableArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"stef", @"steve", @"baddamans", @"jonny", nil]; pickerArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array]; And I'm trying to set the Array in another class WeekClass.h PowerClass *powerClass; NSMutableArray *pickerData; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray pickerData; @property (nonatomic, retain) PowerClass *powerClass; WeekClass.m @implementation pickerData = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:powerClass.pickerArray]; I have no errors or warnings. It just crashes. The NSLog says that the powerClass.pickerArray is NULL. Please help point me in the right direction.

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  • Global qualification in a class declarations class-head

    - by gf
    We found something similar to the following (don't ask ...): namespace N { struct A { struct B; }; } struct A { struct B; }; using namespace N; struct ::A::B {}; // <- point of interest Interestingly, this compiles fine with VS2005, icc 11.1 and Comeau (online), but fails with GCC: global qualification of class name is invalid before '{' token From C++03, Annex A, it seems to me like GCC is right: the class-head can consist of nested-name-specifier and identifier nested-name-specifier can't begin with a global qualification (::) obviously, neither can identifier ... or am i overlooking something?

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  • Sending object C from class A to class B

    - by user278618
    Hi, I can't figure out how to design classes in my system. In classA I create object selenium (it simulates user actions at website). In this ClassA I create another objects like SearchScreen, Payment_Screen and Summary_Screen. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class OurSiteTestCases(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 5555, "*chrome", "http://www.someaddress.com/") time.sleep(5) self.selenium.start() def test_buy_coffee(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open('/') sel.window_maximize() search_screen=SearchScreen(self.selenium) search_screen.choose('lavazza') payment_screen=PaymentScreen(self.selenium) payment_screen.fill_test_data() summary_screen=SummaryScreen(selenium) summary_screen.accept() def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It's example SearchScreen module: class SearchScreen: def __init__(self,selenium): self.selenium=selenium def search(self): self.selenium.click('css=button.search') I want to know if there is anything ok with a design of those classes?

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  • Class library modification / migration

    - by Clint
    I have 3 class libraries. A BBL, a DAL, and a DATA (about 15 datasets). Currently 4 [major] applications utilize the functionality in these DLL's. I'm rewriting one of those applications and I need to (1) Use some of the existing functionality in the libraries (2) Change some of it (3) Add new functionality (4) Add new datasets. I'm back and forth about the best way to do this, while keeping my risks at a minimum. Some thoughts.. 1) Use the existing projects and don't make any modifications, only additions 2) Make new libraries, bring over the code I can use, and make additions as needed 3) Implement partial classes in the existing projects Eventually all 4 applications will use the newest functionality, but it will be a slow migration; so the old code can't be depricated yet. Any thoughts?

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  • designing solution to dynamically load class

    - by dot
    Background Information I have a web app that allows end users to connect to ssh-enabled devices and manipulate them. Right now, i only support one version of firmware. The logic is something like this: user clicks on a button to run some command on device. web application looks up the class name containing the correct ssh interface for the device, using the device's model name. (because the number of hardware models is so small, i have a list that's hardcoded in my web app) web app creates a new ssh object using the class loaded in step 2. ssh command is run and session closed. command results displayed on web page. This all works fine. Now the end user wants me to be able to support multiple versions of firmware. But the catch is, they don't want to have to document the firmware version anywhere becuase the amount of overhead this will create in maintaining the system database. In other words, I can't look up the firmware version based on the device. The good news is that it sounds like at most, I'll have to support two different versions of firmware per device. One option is to name the the classes like this: deviceX.1.php deviceX.2.php deviceY.1.php deviceY.2.php where "X" and "Y" represent the model names, and 1 and 2 represent the firmware versions. When a user runs a command, I will first try it with one of the class files, if it fails, i can try with the second. I think always try the newer version of firmware first... so let's say in the above example, I would load deviceX.2.php before deviceX.1.php. This will work, but it's not very efficient. But I can't think of another way around this. Any suggestions?

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  • How to find rows between other rows w/ID then add class

    - by Ravex
    Hi guys. i'm stuck with my table. need create toggle rows function. but i no idea how to find sub rows in table. Some one can help me? I have table with many rows 500 All Rows have class="row-1,row-2.....row-600 etc" And all main rows also have class="parent" between each "parent" rows i have 6 rows So i need for toggle/collapse purposes find all (sub)rows betwen parent rows. and add class with id like in prevous parent row. For example: parent have class="row-1 parent" all sub must have - class="child-row-1" default table <table id="table"> <tr class="row-1 odd parent"> <th class="column-1">st. 3 - 5</th> <th class="column-2">Profile</th> <th class="column-3">Purpose</th> </tr> <tr class="row-2 even"> <td class="column-1">Metal Stamp</td> <td class="column-2">Width</td> <td class="column-3">Price</td> </tr> <tr class="row-3 odd"> <td class="column-1">Circle 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">28-110</td> <td class="column-3">21500</td> </tr> <tr class="row-4 even"> <td class="column-1">Circle 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">115-180</td> <td class="column-3">20700</td> </tr> <tr class="row-5 odd"> <td class="column-1">Cube 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">63-80</td> <td class="column-3">21500</td> </tr> <tr class="row-6 even"> <td class="column-1">Cube 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">100-220</td> <td class="column-3">20700</td> </tr> <tr class="row-7 odd"> <td class="column-1">Line 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">10-50 ? 40-200</td> <td class="column-3">27000</td> </tr> </table> in the end it should look like this: <table id="table"> <tr class="row-1 odd parent"> <th class="column-1">st. 3 - 5</th> <th class="column-2">Profile</th> <th class="column-3">Purpose</th> </tr> <tr class="row-2 even child-row-1"> <td class="column-1">Metal Stamp</td> <td class="column-2">Width</td> <td class="column-3">Price</td> </tr> <tr class="row-3 odd child-row-1"> <td class="column-1">Circle 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">28-110</td> <td class="column-3">21500</td> </tr> <tr class="row-4 even child-row-1"> <td class="column-1">Circle 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">115-180</td> <td class="column-3">20700</td> </tr> <tr class="row-5 odd child-row-1"> <td class="column-1">Cube 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">63-80</td> <td class="column-3">21500</td> </tr> <tr class="row-6 even child-row-1"> <td class="column-1">Cube 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">100-220</td> <td class="column-3">20700</td> </tr> <tr class="row-7 odd child-row-1"> <td class="column-1">Line 3 - 5</td> <td class="column-2">10-50 ? 40-200</td> <td class="column-3">27000</td> </tr> </table>

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  • Is it appropriate for a class to only be a collection of information with no logic?

    - by qegal
    Say I have a class Person that has instance variables age, weight, and height, and another class Fruit that has instance variables sugarContent and texture. The Person class has no methods save setters and getters, while the Fruit class has both setters and getters and logic methods like calculateSweetness. Is the Fruit class the type of class that is better practice than the Person class. What I mean by this is that the Person class seems like it doesn't have much purpose; it exists solely to organize data, while the Fruit class organizes data and actually contains methods for logic.

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  • Verification of UML Class Diagram

    - by Jean Carlos Suárez Marranzini
    This is my UML Class Diagram made in Astah Community, for a tennis scoreboard game. Here's a link to the image (I don't have enough rep to post images): http://i47.tinypic.com/2lsxx90.png Points are calculated based on moves. Moves can be either points (for the player's advantage) or errors (for the opponent's advantage). The Time Machine allows you to travel to previous game states (expressed as scoreboards). The storage component should be able to store matches independently of the serialization format. The serializers and deserializers should be able to do their job regardless of where the storage lies. The GameEngine should be able to apply the rules of the game regardless of the particularities of the game (hence, dependency injection through the Settings class). The outcomes of games, sets and matches should be deducible based on the points and the rules to apply (the logic implementations are there to provide the rules). Could you please verify my design and tell me if there's anything wrong with it? Thanks in advance.

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  • Class as first-class object

    - by mrpyo
    Could a class be a first-class object? If yes, how would the implementation look? I mean, how could syntax for dynamically creating new classes look like? EDIT: I mean what example syntax could look like (I'm sorry, English is not my native language), but still I believe this question makes sense - how you give this functionality while keeping language consistent. For example how you create reference for new type. Do you make reference first-class object too and then use something like this: Reference<newType> r = new Reference<newType>(); r.set(value); Well this could get messy so you may just force user to use Object type references for dynamically created classes, but then you loose type-checking. I think creating concise syntax for this is interesting problem which solving could lead to better language design, maybe language which is metalanguage for itself (I wonder if this is possible).

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  • C++ class initialisation containing class variable initialization

    - by Phil Hannent
    I noticed some code of a colleague today that initialized class variables in the initialization. However it was causing a warning, he says because of the order they are in. My question is why is it better to do variable initialization where it currently is and not within the curly brackets? DiagramScene::DiagramScene( int slideNo, QRectF screenRect, MainWindow* parent ) : QGraphicsScene( screenRect, parent ), myParent( parent ), slideUndoImageCurrentIndex(-1), nextGroupID(0), m_undoInProgress(false), m_deleteItemOnNextUndo(0) line(0), path(0) { /* Setup default brush for background */ scDetail->bgBrush.setStyle(Qt::SolidPattern); scDetail->bgBrush.setColor(Qt::white); setBackgroundBrush(scDetail->bgBrush); }

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  • Check if a class is subclass of another class in Java

    - by craesh
    Hi! I'm playing around with Java's reflection API and trying to handle some fields. Now I'm stuck with identifying the type of my fields. Strings are easy, just do myField.getType().equals(String.class). The same applies for other non-derived classes. But how do I check derived classes? E.g. LinkedList as subclass of List. I can't find any isSubclassOf(...) or extends(...) method. Do I need to walk through all getSuperClass() and find my supeclass by my own? Thanks! craesh

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  • Static member class - declare class private and class member package-private?

    - by Helper Method
    Consider you have the following class public class OuterClass { ... private static class InnerClass { int foo; int bar; } } I think I've read somewhere (but not the official Java Tutorial) that if I would declare the static member classes attributes private, the compiler had to generate some sort of accessor methods so that the outer class can actually access the static member class's (which is effectively a package-private top level class) attributes. Any ideas on that?

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  • VS2012 - How to manually convert .NET Class Library to a Portable Class Library

    - by Igor Milovanovic
    The portable libraries are the  response to the growing profile fragmentation in .NET frameworks. With help of portable libraries you can share code between different runtimes without dreadful #ifdef PLATFORM statements or even worse “Add as Link” source file sharing practices. If you have an existing .net class library which you would like to reference from a different runtime (e.g. you have a .NET Framework 4.5 library which you would like to reference from a Windows Store project), you can either create a new portable class library and move the classes there or edit the existing .csproj file and change the XML directly. The following example shows how to convert a .NET Framework 4.5 library to a Portable Class Library. First Unload the Project and change the following settings in the .csproj file: <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" /> to: <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\Portable \$(TargetFrameworkVersion)\Microsoft.Portable.CSharp.targets" /> and add the following keys to the first property group in order to get visual studio to show the framework picker dialog: <ProjectTypeGuids>{786C830F-07A1-408B-BD7F-6EE04809D6DB}; {FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}</ProjectTypeGuids>   After that you can select the frameworks in the Library Tab of the Portable Library:   As last step, delete any framework references from the library as you have them already referenced via the .NET Portable Subset.     [1] Cross-Platform Development with the .NET Framework - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg597391.aspx [2] Framework Profiles in .NET: http://nitoprograms.blogspot.de/2012/05/framework-profiles-in-net.html

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  • jQuery how to add class to a parent div which has a 3rd level child div with a specific class name.

    - by Vikram
    Hello friends I have an issue adding a special class to a couple of my divs. My layout is like this. <div class="container"> <div class="grid-6 push-3 equal" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="block"> <div id="mainbody"> <!-- Body content here --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-2 equal" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="block"> <div id="sidebar-a"> <!-- Sidebar-a content here --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-2 equal" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="block"> <div id="sidebar-b"> <!-- Sidebar-b content here --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-2 equal" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="block"> <div id="sidebar-b"> <!-- Sidebar-c content here --> </div> </div> </div> </div> I want to add a different background color to each of my sidebars via CSS and when I code like: #mainbody { background : #fff; } #sidebar-a { background : #eee; } #sidebar-b { background : #ddd; } #sidebar-c { background : #ccc; } It is applying the background only to that specific class but that specific class is not of equal height. I actually need to apply to this <div class="grid-2 equal" style="height: 999px;"> div. Now the issue is that in this <div class="grid-6 push-3 equal" style="height: 999px;"> and class="grid-2 equal" style="height: 999px;"> the class names grid-6 and grid-2 are generated dynamically by my PHP of 960 Grid System and also the style="height: 999px; is generated by a jQuery script for Equal-Columns. What I want is to add a unique class name like this...... Look for a div with a class of .equal which has a child div with a class of .block and which further has a child div with an ID of sidebar-a. IF TRUE then add a class of .sidebar-a to the maindiv which has a class of .equal So that the result looks like this: <div class="grid-6 equal push-3 mainbody" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="grid-2 equal sidebar-a" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="grid-2 equal sidebar-b" style="height: 999px;"> <div class="grid-2 equal sidebar-c" style="height: 999px;"> Then I'll be able to style it like this: .mainbody { background : #fff; } .sidebar-a { background : #eee; } .sidebar-b { background : #ddd; } .sidebar-c { background : #ccc; } Hence I thought since I am anyway using jQuery in my Template, why not use it to deal with this issue. Please feel free to suggest a better way if you have something else in mind.

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  • Why is an anonymous inner class containing nothing generated from this code?

    - by Andrew Westberg
    When run through javac on the cmd line Sun JVM 1.6.0_20, this code produces 6 .class files OuterClass.class OuterClass$1.class OuterClass$InnerClass.class OuterClass$InnerClass2.class OuterClass$InnerClass$InnerInnerClass.class OuterClass$PrivateInnerClass.class When run through JDT in eclipse, it produces only 5 classes. OuterClass.class OuterClass$1.class OuterClass$InnerClass.class OuterClass$InnerClass2.class OuterClass$InnerClass$InnerInnerClass.class OuterClass$PrivateInnerClass.class When decompiled, OuterClass$1.class contains nothing. Where is this extra class coming from and why is it created? package com.test; public class OuterClass { public class InnerClass { public class InnerInnerClass { } } public class InnerClass2 { } //this class should not exist in OuterClass after dummifying private class PrivateInnerClass { private String getString() { return "hello PrivateInnerClass"; } } public String getStringFromPrivateInner() { return new PrivateInnerClass().getString(); } }

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  • Class Loading Deadlocks

    - by tomas.nilsson
    Mattis follows up on his previous post with one more expose on Class Loading Deadlocks As I wrote in a previous post, the class loading mechanism in Java is very powerful. There are many advanced techniques you can use, and when used wrongly you can get into all sorts of trouble. But one of the sneakiest deadlocks you can run into when it comes to class loading doesn't require any home made class loaders or anything. All you need is classes depending on each other, and some bad luck. First of all, here are some basic facts about class loading: 1) If a thread needs to use a class that is not yet loaded, it will try to load that class 2) If another thread is already loading the class, the first thread will wait for the other thread to finish the loading 3) During the loading of a class, one thing that happens is that the <clinit method of a class is being run 4) The <clinit method initializes all static fields, and runs any static blocks in the class. Take the following class for example: class Foo { static Bar bar = new Bar(); static { System.out.println("Loading Foo"); } } The first time a thread needs to use the Foo class, the class will be initialized. The <clinit method will run, creating a new Bar object and printing "Loading Foo" But what happens if the Bar object has never been used before either? Well, then we will need to load that class as well, calling the Bar <clinit method as we go. Can you start to see the potential problem here? A hint is in fact #2 above. What if another thread is currently loading class Bar? The thread loading class Foo will have to wait for that thread to finish loading. But what happens if the <clinit method of class Bar tries to initialize a Foo object? That thread will have to wait for the first thread, and there we have the deadlock. Thread one is waiting for thread two to initialize class Bar, thread two is waiting for thread one to initialize class Foo. All that is needed for a class loading deadlock is static cross dependencies between two classes (and a multi threaded environment): class Foo { static Bar b = new Bar(); } class Bar { static Foo f = new Foo(); } If two threads cause these classes to be loaded at exactly the same time, we will have a deadlock. So, how do you avoid this? Well, one way is of course to not have these circular (static) dependencies. On the other hand, it can be very hard to detect these, and sometimes your design may depend on it. What you can do in that case is to make sure that the classes are first loaded single threadedly, for example during an initialization phase of your application. The following program shows this kind of deadlock. To help bad luck on the way, I added a one second sleep in the static block of the classes to trigger the unlucky timing. Notice that if you uncomment the "//Foo f = new Foo();" line in the main method, the class will be loaded single threadedly, and the program will terminate as it should. public class ClassLoadingDeadlock { // Start two threads. The first will instansiate a Foo object, // the second one will instansiate a Bar object. public static void main(String[] arg) { // Uncomment next line to stop the deadlock // Foo f = new Foo(); new Thread(new FooUser()).start(); new Thread(new BarUser()).start(); } } class FooUser implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("FooUser causing class Foo to be loaded"); Foo f = new Foo(); System.out.println("FooUser done"); } } class BarUser implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("BarUser causing class Bar to be loaded"); Bar b = new Bar(); System.out.println("BarUser done"); } } class Foo { static { // We are deadlock prone even without this sleep... // The sleep just makes us more deterministic try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch(InterruptedException e) {} } static Bar b = new Bar(); } class Bar { static { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch(InterruptedException e) {} } static Foo f = new Foo(); }

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  • Xml Literals

    XML Literals allow you to use XML syntax in your code. It’s easy to work with XML files this way, since you have that Tags in the code, but it’s also quicker to access information rather then the traditional methods.

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