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  • Socket.io v.9 with Actionscript

    - by funseiki
    I'm attempting to develop an online multiplayer game using Node.js for the server and Flash to display the client. I've been reading up a bit and have found quite a few recommendations for the socket.io library. I've also found a github project which exposes code to help facilitate communication between an Actionscript 3.0 client and a server using socket.io. The project I mentioned is a bit dated and doesn't seem to have support for the latest version of socket.io, so I was wondering if leveraging this framework (socket.io, that is) would be the most ideal way to go. I have found a simple project that uses the standard 'net' module for node.js, but because there a few options available, I'm a little lost as to which one to go with. I'm currently leaning towards just using the regular 'net' module as it is already familiar to me. Since much of the client is already coded up, I'd really like to not switch over to using the HTML5 canvas just yet (but using socket.io would make a transition in the future more friendly, I think?). Any advice/direction on this matter would be much appreciated, though I do realize that there may be no one right answer. Edit: To be more specific, are there any client-side socket.io frameworks available that allow for communication between an Actionscript 3.0 client and a socket.io server and are robust enough to support current/future versions of socket.io? If not, what are the alternatives?

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  • How to limit click'n'drag movement to an area?

    - by Vexille
    I apologize for the somewhat generic title. I'm really don't have much clue about how to accomplish what I'm trying to do, which is making it harder even to research a possible solution. I'm trying to implement a path marker of sorts (maybe there's a most suitable name for it, but this is the best I could come up with). In front of the player there will be a path marker, which will determine how the player will move once he finishes planning his turn. The player may click and drag the marker to the position they choose, but the marker can only be moved within a defined working area (the gray bit). So I'm now stuck with two problems: First of all, how exactly should I define that workable area? I can imagine maybe two vectors that have the player as a starting point to form the workable angle, and maybe those two arcs could come from circles that have their center where the player is, but I definetly don't know how to put this all together. And secondly, after I've defined the area where the marker can be placed, how can I enforce that the marker should only stay within that area? For example, if the player clicks and drags the marker around, it may move freely within the working area, but must not leave the boundaries of the area. So for example, if the player starts dragging the marker upwards, it will move upwards until it hits he end of the working area (first diagram below), but if after that the player starts dragging sideways, the marker must follow the drag while still within the area (second diagram below). I hope this wasn't all too confusing. Thanks, guys.

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  • Is there a simpler way to create a borderless window with XNA 4.0?

    - by Cypher
    When looking into making my XNA game's window border-less, I found no properties or methods under Game.Window that would provide this, but I did find a window handle to the form. I was able to accomplish what I wanted by doing this: IntPtr hWnd = this.Window.Handle; var control = System.Windows.Forms.Control.FromHandle( hWnd ); var form = control.FindForm(); form.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None; I don't know why but this feels like a dirty hack. Is there a built-in way to do this in XNA that I'm missing?

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  • Pong Collision Help in C# w/ XNA

    - by Ramses Brown
    Edit: My goal is to have it function like this: Ball hits 1st Quarter = rebounds higher (aka Y++) Ball hits 2nd Quarter = rebounds higher (using random value) Ball hits 3rd Quarter = rebounds lower (using random value) Ball hits 4th Quarter = rebounds lower (aka Y--) I'm currently using Rectangle Collision for my collision detection, and it's worked. Now I wish to expand it. Instead of it simply detecting whether or not the paddle/ball intersect, I want to make it so that it can determine what section of the paddle gets hit. I wanted it in 4 parts, with each having a different reaction to impact. My first thought is to base it on the Ball's Y position compared to the Paddle's Y position. But since I want it in 4 parts, I don't know how to do that. So it's essentially be if (ball.Y > Paddle.Y) { PaddleSection1 == true; } Except modified so that instead of being top half/bottom half, it's 1st Quarter, etc.

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  • Balancing game difficulty against player progression

    - by Raven Dreamer
    It seems that the current climate of games seems to cater to an obvious progression of player power, whether that means getting a bigger, more explosive gun in Halo, leveling up in an RPG, or unlocking new options in Command and Conquer 4. Yet this concept is not exclusive to video or computer games -- even in Dungeons and Dragons players can strive to acquire a +2 sword to replace the +1 weapon they've been using. Yet as a systems designer, the concept of player progression is giving me headache after headache. Should I balance around the players exact capabilities and give up on a simple linear progression? (I think ESIV:Oblivion is a good example of this) Is it better to throw the players into an "arms race" with their opponents, where if the players don't progress in an orderly manner, it is only a matter of time until gameplay is unbearably difficult? (4th Edition DnD strikes me as a good example of this) Perhaps it would make most sense to untether the core gameplay mechanics from progression at all -- give them flashier, more interesting (but not more powerful!) ways to grow?

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  • importing animations in Blender, weird rotations/locations

    - by user975135
    This is for the Blender 2.6 API. There are two problems: 1. When I import a single animation frame from my animation file to Blender, all bones look fine. But when I import multiple (all of the frames), just the first one looks right, seems like newer frames are affected by older ones, so you get slightly off positions/rotations. This is true when both assigning PoseBone.matrix and PoseBone.matrix_basis. bone_index = 0 # for each frame: for frame_index in range(frame_count): # for each pose bone: add a key for bone_name in bone_names: # "bone_names" - a list of bone names I got earlier pose.bones[bone_name].matrix = animation_matrices[frame_index][bone_index] # "animation_matrices" - a nested list of matrices generated from reading a file # create the 'keys' for the Action from the poses pose.bones[bone_name].keyframe_insert('location', frame = frame_index+1) pose.bones[bone_name].keyframe_insert('rotation_euler', frame = frame_index+1) pose.bones[bone_name].keyframe_insert('scale', frame = frame_index+1) bone_index += 1 bone_index = 0 Again, it seems like previous frames are affecting latter ones, because if I import a single frame from the middle of the animation, it looks fine. 2. I can't assign armature-space animation matrices read from a file to a skeleton with hierarchy (parenting). In Blender 2.4 you could just assign them to PoseBone.poseMatrix and bones would deform perfectly whether the bones had a hierarchy or none at all. In Blender 2.6, there's PoseBone.matrix_basis and PoseBone.matrix. While matrix_basis is relative to parent bone, matrix isn't, the API says it's in object space. So it should have worked, but doesn't. So I guess we need to calculate a local space matrix from our armature-space animation matrices from the files. So I tried multiplying it ( PoseBone.matrix ) with PoseBone.parent.matrix.inverted() in both possible orders with no luck, still weird deformations.

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  • New way of integrating Openfeint in Cocos2d-x 0.12.0

    - by Ef Es
    I am trying to implement OpenFeint for Android in my cocos2d-x project. My approach so far has been creating a button that calls a static java method in class Bridge using jnihelper functions (jnihelper only accepts statics). Bridge has one singleton attribute of type OFAndroid, that is the class dynamically calling the Openfeint Api methods, and every method in the bridge just forwards it to the OFAndroid object. What I am trying to do now is to initialize the openfeint libraries in the main java class that is the one calling the static C++ libraries. My problem right now is that the initializing function void com.openfeint.api.OpenFeint.initialize(Context ctx, OpenFeintSettings settings, OpenFeintDelegate delegate) is not accepting the context parameter that I am giving him, which is a "this" reference to the main class. Main class extends from Cocos2dxActivity but I don't have any other that extends from Application. Any suggestions on fixing it or how to improve the architecture? EDIT: I am trying a new solution. Make the bridge class into an Application child, is called from Main object, initializes OpenFeint when created and it can call the OpenFeint functions instead of needing an additional class. The problem is I still get the error. 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.content.ContextWrapper.getPackageManager(ContextWrapper.java:85) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.validateManifest(OpenFeintInternal.java:885) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.initializeWithoutLoggingIn(OpenFeintInternal.java:829) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.initialize(OpenFeintInternal.java:852) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.api.OpenFeint.initialize(OpenFeint.java:47) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at nurogames.fastfish.NuroFeint.onCreate(NuroFeint.java:23) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at nurogames.fastfish.FastFish.onCreate(FastFish.java:47) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1069) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2751)

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  • Inconsistent accessibility error in xna.

    - by Tom
    Hey all, you may remember me asking a question regarding a snake game I was creating about two weeks ago. Well I'm quite far now into making the game (thanks to a brilliant tutorial I found). But I've come across the error described named above. So heres my problem; I have a SnakeFood class that has a method called "Reposition". In the game1 class I have a method called "UpdateInGame" which calls the reposition method to load an orange that spawns in a random place every second. My latest piece of code changed the reposition method to allow the snake I have on the screen to not be overlapped by the orange that randomly spawns. Now I get the error (in full): Error 1 Inconsistent accessibility: parameter type 'TheMathsSnakeGame.Snake' is less accessible than method 'TheMathsSnakeGame.SnakeFood.Reposition(TheMathsSnakeGame.Snake)' C:\Users\Tom\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TheMathsSnakeGame\TheMathsSnakeGame\SnakeFood.cs 33 21 TheMathsSnakeGame I understand what the errors trying to tell me but having changed the accessiblity of the methods, I still can't get it to work. Sorry about the longwinded question. Thanks in advance :) Edit: Code I'm using (Game1 Class) private void UpdateInGame(GameTime gameTime) { //Calls the oranges "reposition" method every second if (gameTime.TotalGameTime.Milliseconds % 1000 == 0) orange.Reposition(sidney); sidney.Update(gameTime); } (SnakeFood Class) public void Reposition(Snake snake) { do { position = new Point(rand.Next(Grid.maxHeight), rand.Next(Grid.maxWidth)); } while (snake.IsBodyOnPoint(position)); }

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  • Meaning of offset in pygame Mask.overlap methods

    - by Alan
    I have a situation in which two rectangles collide, and I have to detect how much did they collide so so I can redraw the objects in a way that they are only touching each others edges. It's a situation in which a moving ball should hit a completely unmovable wall and instantly stop moving. Since the ball sometimes moves multiple pixels per screen refresh, it it possible that it enters the wall with more that half its surface when the collision is detected, in which case i want to shift it position back to the point where it only touches the edges of the wall. Here is the conceptual image it: I decided to implement this with masks, and thought that i could supply the masks of both objects (wall and ball) and get the surface (as a square) of their intersection. However, there is also the offset parameter which i don't understand. Here are the docs for the method: Mask.overlap Returns the point of intersection if the masks overlap with the given offset - or None if it does not overlap. Mask.overlap(othermask, offset) -> x,y The overlap tests uses the following offsets (which may be negative): +----+----------.. |A | yoffset | +-+----------.. +--|B |xoffset | | : :

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  • OpenGL: glGetError() returns invalid enum after call to glewInit()

    - by malymato
    I use GLEW and freeglut. For some reason, after a call to glewInit(), glGetError() returns error code 1280. Reinstalling the drivers didn't help. I tried to disable glewExperimental, it had no effect. Code worked before, but I am not aware of any changes I could possibly make. Here's my code: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { GLenum GlewInitResult, res; InitWindow(argc, argv); res = glGetError(); // res = 0 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GlewInitResult = glewInit(); res = glGetError(); // res = 1280 glutMainLoop(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } void InitWindow(int argc, char* argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitContextVersion(4, 0); glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE); glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE); glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS); glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0); glutInitWindowSize(CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); WindowHandle = glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE); GLenum errorCheckValue = glGetError(); if (WindowHandle < 1) { fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Could not create new rendering window.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glutReshapeFunc(ResizeFunction); glutDisplayFunc(RenderFunction); glutIdleFunc(IdleFunction); glutTimerFunc(0, TimerFunction, 0); glutCloseFunc(Cleanup); glutKeyboardFunc(KeyboardFunction); } Could someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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  • Keeping the camera from going through walls in a first person game in Unity?

    - by Timothy Williams
    I'm using a modified version of the standard Unity First Person Controller. At the moment when I stand near walls, the camera clips through and lets me see through the wall. I know about camera occlusion and have implemented it in 3rd person games, but I have no clue how I'd accomplish this in a first person game, since the camera doesn't move from the player at all. How do other people accomplish this?

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  • Triangle Strips and Tangent Space Normal Mapping

    - by Koarl
    Short: Do triangle strips and Tangent Space Normal mapping go together? According to quite a lot of tutorials on bump mapping, it seems common practice to derive tangent space matrices in a vertex program and transform the light direction vector(s) to tangent space and then pass them on to a fragment program. However, if one was using triangle strips or index buffers, it is a given that the vertex buffer contains vertices that sit at border edges and would thus require more than one normal to derive tangent space matrices to interpolate between in fragment programs. Is there any reasonable way to not have duplicate vertices in your buffer and still use tangent space normal mapping? Which one do you think is better: Having normal and tangent encoded in the assets and just optimize the geometry handling to alleviate the cost of duplicate vertices or using triangle strips and computing normals/tangents completely at run time? Thinking about it, the more reasonable answer seems to be the first one, but why might my professor still be fussing about triangle strips when it seems so obvious?

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  • 2D game collision response: SAT & minimum displacement along a given axis?

    - by Archagon
    I'm trying to implement a collision system in a 2D game I'm making. The separating axis theorem (as described by metanet's collision tutorial) seems like an efficient and robust way of handling collision detection, but I don't quite like the collision response method they use. By blindly displacing along the axis of least overlap, the algorithm simply ignores the previous position of the moving object, which means that it doesn't collide with the stationary object so much as it enters it and then bounces out. Here's an example of a situation where this would matter: According to the SAT method described above, the rectangle would simply pop out of the triangle perpendicular to its hypotenuse: However, realistically, the rectangle should stop at the lower right corner of the triangle, as that would be the point of first collision if it were moving continuously along its displacement vector: Now, this might not actually matter during gameplay, but I'd love to know if there's a way of efficiently and generally attaining accurate displacements in this manner. I've been racking my brains over it for the past few days, and I don't want to give up yet! (Cross-posted from StackOverflow, hope that's not against the rules!)

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  • Game World Design [on hold]

    - by GameDev
    I have one doubt about world game developing. I want to do a kind of platform game mixed with RPG (Side Scroll). What's the best to draw the world, - Draw everything than use the camera to move around the world - Draw just what you see as the player moves draw the new stuff. I'm new at this and didn't had any course for it. So if anyone can help me thanks :) PS: Any recommendation to learning game concept, like drawing world theory, play etc.. (not code and i want to 2D and i only see books for 3D stuff)

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  • Virtual Economy Setup - Virtual currencies advice

    - by Sarah Simpson
    I'm trying to figure out how to build my virtual economy. It seems like some games have one currency and some of them have up to 3 and 4 different ones. The game is an action game which is currently single player but I'm planning on adding a tournament mode that allows users to compete against each other. The virtual goods that a user would be able to purchase would be either customization to the character or powerups and utilities that give the character more abilities in the game. The character is able to gain coins during game play. The advice I'm trying to get is whether or not it makes sense to set up more than one currency and more than two currencies? What are the pros and cons? Reference to some resources that indicate research would be great.

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  • SDL_image & OpenGL Problem

    - by Dylan
    i've been following tutorials online to load textures using SDL and display them on a opengl quad. but ive been getting weird results that no one else on the internet seems to be getting... so when i render the texture in opengl i get something like this. http://www.kiddiescissors.com/after.png when the original .bmp file is this: http://www.kiddiescissors.com/before.bmp ive tried other images too, so its not that this particular image is corrupt. it seems like my rgb channels are all jumbled or something. im pulling my hair out at this point. heres the relevant code from my init() function if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0 ) { return 1; } SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, 4); SDL_SetVideoMode(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER | SDL_OPENGL); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(50, (GLfloat)WINDOW_WIDTH/WINDOW_HEIGHT, 1, 50); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_BLEND); heres the code that is called when my main player object (the one with which this sprite is associated) is initialized texture = 0; SDL_Surface* surface = IMG_Load("i.bmp"); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, surface->w, surface->h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); SDL_FreeSurface(surface); and then heres the relevant code from my display function glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1); glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTranslatef(getCenter().x, getCenter().y, 0); glRotatef(getAngle()*(180/M_PI), 0, 0, 1); glTranslatef(-getCenter().x, -getCenter().y, 0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); let me know if i left out anything important... or if you need more info from me. thanks a ton, -Dylan

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  • SEHException throw using Microsoft XACT Audio Framework (XACT3)

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I have been developing a game using Kinect + XNA and using Microsoft Audio Creation tool (XACT3) for managing my sound files and music, however in the code an SEHException is thrown whenever it tries to get the wave file from the wave Bank . . Sometimes the code works magically and all of a sudden it will start throwing this exception randomly ..I need a help on solving this exception /*Declaring Audio Engine for music*/ AudioEngine engine; SoundBank soundBank; WaveBank waveBank; Cue cue; /*Declaring Audio engine for sound effects*/ AudioEngine engine1; SoundBank soundbank; WaveBank wavebank; Cue effect; engine = new AudioEngine(@"Content\therapy.xgs"); soundBank = new SoundBank(engine, @"Content\Sound Bank.xsb"); **waveBank = new WaveBank(engine, @"Content\Wave Bank.xwb");** cue = null; engine1 = new AudioEngine(@"Content\Music_Manager\Sound_effects.xgs"); soundbank = new SoundBank(engine1, @"Content\Music_Manager\Sound1.xsb"); **wavebank = new WaveBank(engine1, @"Content\Music_Manager\Wave1.xwb");** effect = null; cue = soundBank.GetCue("hypnotizing"); cue.Play();

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  • How do engines avoid "Phase Lock" (multiple objects in same location) in a Physics Engine?

    - by C0M37
    Let me explain Phase Lock first: When two objects of non zero mass occupy the same space but have zero energy (no velocity). Do they bump forever with zero velocity resolution vectors or do they just stay locked together until an outside force interacts? In my home brewed engine, I realized that if I loaded a character into a tree and moved them, they would signal a collision and hop back to their original spot. I suppose I could fix this by implementing impulses in the event of a collision instead of just jumping back to the last spot I was in (my implementation kind of sucks). But while I make my engine more robust, I'm just curious on how most other physics engines handle this case. Do objects that start in the same spot with no movement speed just shoot out from each other in a random direction? Or do they sit there until something happens? Which option is generally the best approach?

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  • Scaling Down Pixel Art?

    - by Michael Stum
    There's plenty of algorithms to scale up pixel art (I prefer hqx personally), but are there any notable algorithms to scale it down? In my case, the game is designed to run at 1280x720, but if someone plays at a lower resolution I want it to still look good. Most Pixel Art discussions center around 320x200 or 640x480 and upscaling for use in console emulators, but I wonder how modern 2D games like the Monkey Island Remake look good on lower resolutions? (Ignoring the options of having multiple versions of assets (essentially, mipmapping))

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  • Simplest way to use Steam Leaderboards from C# [on hold]

    - by Miau
    We are about to integrate steamworks for leaderboards and achievements into our game. I see there are many open and closed source libraries that can be used to use SteamWorks from C#. Rolling our own wrapper can be done, but if the other libraries are reliable then it would be better to use and perhaps contribute back if we see any obvious gaps. Have you used any and if so what was your experience with the different libraries? Specifically for Leaderboards and achievements The ones I found are: SteamWorks.net Steam4Net Ludosity (can be used outside of Unity apparently)

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  • Light following me around the room. Something is wrong with my shader!

    - by Robinson
    I'm trying to do a spot (Blinn) light, with falloff and attenuation. It seems to be working OK except I have a bit of a space problem. That is, whenever I move the camera the light moves to maintain the same relative position, rather than changing with the camera. This results in the light moving around, i.e. not always falling on the same surfaces. It's as if there's a flashlight attached to the camera. I'm transforming the lights beforehand into view space, so Light_Position and Light_Direction are already in eye space (I hope!). I made a little movie of what it looks like here: My camera rotating around a point inside a box. The light is fixed in the centre up and its "look at" point in a fixed position in front of it. As you can see, as the camera rotates around the origin (always looking at the centre), so don't think the box is rotating (!). The lighting follows it around. To start, some code. This is how I'm transforming the light into view space (it gets passed into the shader already in view space): // Compute eye-space light position. Math::Vector3d eyeSpacePosition = MyCamera->ViewMatrix() * MyLightPosition; MyShaderVariables->Set(MyLightPositionIndex, eyeSpacePosition); // Compute eye-space light direction vector. Math::Vector3d eyeSpaceDirection = Math::Unit(MyLightLookAt - MyLightPosition); MyCamera->ViewMatrixInverseTranspose().TransformNormal(eyeSpaceDirection); MyShaderVariables->Set(MyLightDirectionIndex, eyeSpaceDirection); Can anyone give me a clue as to what I'm doing wrong here? I think the light should remain looking at a fixed point on the box, regardless of the camera orientation. Here are the vertex and pixel shaders: /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vertex Shader /////////////////////////////////////////////////// #version 420 /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Uniform Buffer Structures /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Camera. layout (std140) uniform Camera { mat4 Camera_View; mat4 Camera_ViewInverseTranspose; mat4 Camera_Projection; }; // Matrices per model. layout (std140) uniform Model { mat4 Model_World; mat4 Model_WorldView; mat4 Model_WorldViewInverseTranspose; mat4 Model_WorldViewProjection; }; // Spotlight. layout (std140) uniform OmniLight { float Light_Intensity; vec3 Light_Position; vec3 Light_Direction; vec4 Light_Ambient_Colour; vec4 Light_Diffuse_Colour; vec4 Light_Specular_Colour; float Light_Attenuation_Min; float Light_Attenuation_Max; float Light_Cone_Min; float Light_Cone_Max; }; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Streams (per vertex) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// layout(location = 0) in vec3 attrib_Position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 attrib_Normal; layout(location = 2) in vec3 attrib_Tangent; layout(location = 3) in vec3 attrib_BiNormal; layout(location = 4) in vec2 attrib_Texture; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Output streams (per vertex) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// out vec3 attrib_Fragment_Normal; out vec4 attrib_Fragment_Position; out vec2 attrib_Fragment_Texture; out vec3 attrib_Fragment_Light; out vec3 attrib_Fragment_Eye; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Main /////////////////////////////////////////////////// void main() { // Transform normal into eye space attrib_Fragment_Normal = (Model_WorldViewInverseTranspose * vec4(attrib_Normal, 0.0)).xyz; // Transform vertex into eye space (world * view * vertex = eye) vec4 position = Model_WorldView * vec4(attrib_Position, 1.0); // Compute vector from eye space vertex to light (light is in eye space already) attrib_Fragment_Light = Light_Position - position.xyz; // Compute vector from the vertex to the eye (which is now at the origin). attrib_Fragment_Eye = -position.xyz; // Output texture coord. attrib_Fragment_Texture = attrib_Texture; // Compute vertex position by applying camera projection. gl_Position = Camera_Projection * position; } and the pixel shader: /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pixel Shader /////////////////////////////////////////////////// #version 420 /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Samplers /////////////////////////////////////////////////// uniform sampler2D Map_Diffuse; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Global Uniforms /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Material. layout (std140) uniform Material { vec4 Material_Ambient_Colour; vec4 Material_Diffuse_Colour; vec4 Material_Specular_Colour; vec4 Material_Emissive_Colour; float Material_Shininess; float Material_Strength; }; // Spotlight. layout (std140) uniform OmniLight { float Light_Intensity; vec3 Light_Position; vec3 Light_Direction; vec4 Light_Ambient_Colour; vec4 Light_Diffuse_Colour; vec4 Light_Specular_Colour; float Light_Attenuation_Min; float Light_Attenuation_Max; float Light_Cone_Min; float Light_Cone_Max; }; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Input streams (per vertex) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Normal; in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Position; in vec2 attrib_Fragment_Texture; in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Light; in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Eye; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Result /////////////////////////////////////////////////// out vec4 Out_Colour; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Main /////////////////////////////////////////////////// void main(void) { // Compute N dot L. vec3 N = normalize(attrib_Fragment_Normal); vec3 L = normalize(attrib_Fragment_Light); vec3 E = normalize(attrib_Fragment_Eye); vec3 H = normalize(L + E); float NdotL = clamp(dot(L,N), 0.0, 1.0); float NdotH = clamp(dot(N,H), 0.0, 1.0); // Compute ambient term. vec4 ambient = Material_Ambient_Colour * Light_Ambient_Colour; // Diffuse. vec4 diffuse = texture2D(Map_Diffuse, attrib_Fragment_Texture) * Light_Diffuse_Colour * Material_Diffuse_Colour * NdotL; // Specular. float specularIntensity = pow(NdotH, Material_Shininess) * Material_Strength; vec4 specular = Light_Specular_Colour * Material_Specular_Colour * specularIntensity; // Light attenuation (so we don't have to use 1 - x, we step between Max and Min). float d = length(-attrib_Fragment_Light); float attenuation = smoothstep(Light_Attenuation_Max, Light_Attenuation_Min, d); // Adjust attenuation based on light cone. float LdotS = dot(-L, Light_Direction), CosI = Light_Cone_Min - Light_Cone_Max; attenuation *= clamp((LdotS - Light_Cone_Max) / CosI, 0.0, 1.0); // Final colour. Out_Colour = (ambient + diffuse + specular) * Light_Intensity * attenuation; }

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  • Objective C - Aggro with Images

    - by Will
    I have three UIImageViews. enemy1, enemy1AggroBox and mainSprite. What I want to do is when mainSprite and enemy1AggroBox interect, I want enemy1 to start moving towards mainSprite. Basically creating aggro for a game. if(CGRectIntersectsRect(mainSprite.frame, enemy1AggroBox.frame)){ //Code here// } My plan would be to call this method in viewDidLoad. I'm not using any sort of framework like cocos2d or OpenGLES. If you need to see any more code just ask.

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  • Acceptable GC frequency for a SlimDX/Windows/.NET game?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    I understand that the Windows GC is much better than the Xbox/WP7 GC, being that it's generational and multithreaded -- so I don't need to worry quite as much about avoiding memory allocation. SlimDX even has some unavoidable functions that generate some amount of garbage (specifically, MapSubresource creates DataBoxes), yet people don't seem to be too upset about it. I'd like to use some functional paradigms to write my code too, which also means creating objects like closures and monads. I know premature optimization isn't a good thing, but are there rules of thumb or metrics that I can follow to know whether I need to cut down on allocations? Is, say, one gen 0 GC per frame too much? One thing that has me stumped is object promotions. Gen 0 GCs will supposedly finish within a millisecond or two, but if I'm understanding correctly, it's the gen 1 and 2 promotions that start to hurt. I'm not too sure how I can predict/prevent these.

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  • Lighting-Reflectance Models & Licensing Issues

    - by codey
    Generally, or specifically, is there any licensing issue with using any of the well known lighting/reflectance models (i.e. the BRDFs or other distribution or approximation functions): Phong, Blinn–Phong, Cook–Torrance, Blinn-Torrance-Sparrow, Lambert, Minnaert, Oren–Nayar, Ward, Strauss, Ashikhmin-Shirley and common modifications where applicable, such as: Beckmann distribution, Blinn distribution, Schlick's approximation, etc. in your shader code utilised in a commercial product? Or is it a non-issue?

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  • Why can we recognize game engines?

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    About many games you can say "oh that's the Unreal engine for sure", "this was made by upgrading GTA 4", etc. We can often recognize the engine used for a game just by looking at its graphics (disregarding menus and such). I'm wondering, why is this? All game engines use the same 3D rendering technology that we all use, and the different games usually have a distinct art style, so what's left to recognize?

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