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• how does the rectangle bounds (x,y,width,height) in libgdx work

  - by JG22

  I cant work out how to use the rectangle bounds in libgdx I am currently using the superJumper example and have 2or 3 examples with that are pause Bounds = new Rectangle(320 - 64, 480 - 64, 64, 64); this is the pause button in the top right corner resume Bounds = new Rectangle(160 - 96, 240, 192, 36); this is a rectangle resume button in the middle of the page in the menu that comes up when the pause button is pressed. basically my question is aimed at the 360 -64 and 160 -96 because I don't know why this is used I need to create a rectangle that covers the left side of the screen and the same on the right because I want to create a on screen buttons, I have already created the does for these buttons and I have managed to get them to work but I can move the rectangles to where I want. Thank you If you can help

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• Repairing back-facing triangles without user input

  - by LTR

  My 3D application works with user-imported 3D models. Frequently, those models have a few vertices facing into the wrong direction. (For example, there is a 3D roof and a few triangles of that roof are facing inside the building). I want to repair those automatically. We can make several assumptions about these 3D models: they are completely closed without holes, and the camera is always on the outside. My idea: Shoot 500 rays from every triangle outwards into all directions. From the back side of the triangle, all rays will hit another part of the model. From the front side, at least one ray will hit nothing. Is there a better algorithm? Are there any papers about something like this?

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• Must all AI states be able to react to any event?

  - by Prog

  FSMs implemented with the State design pattern are a common way to design AI agents. I am familiar with the State design pattern and know how to implement it. How is this used in games to design AI agents? Consider a simplified class Monster, representing an AI agent: class Monster { State state; // other fields omitted public void update(){ // called every game-loop cycle state.execute(this); } public void setState(State state){ this.state = state; } // irrelevant stuff omitted } There are several State subclasses implementing execute() differently. So far, classic State pattern. AI agents are subject to environmental effects and other objects communicating with them. For example, an AI agent might tell another AI agent to attack (i.e. agent.attack()). Or a fireball might tell an AI agent to fall down. This means that the agent must have methods such as attack() and fallDown(), or commonly some message receiving mechanism to understand such messages. With an FSM, the current State of the agent should be the one taking care of such method calls - i.e. the agent delegates to the current state upon every event. Is this correct? If correct, how is this done? Are all states obligated by their superclass to implement methods such as attack(), fallDown() etc., so the agent can always delegate to them on almost every event? Or is it done in some other way?

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• Sampling Heightmap Edges for Normal map

  - by pl12

  I use a Sobel filter to generate normal maps from procedural height maps. The heightmaps are 258x258 pixels. I scale my texture coordinates like so: texCoord = (texCoord * (256/258)) + (1/258) Yet even with this I am left with the following problem: As you can see the edges of the normal map still proves to be problematic. Putting the texture wrap mode to "clamp" also proved no help. EDIT: The Sobel Filter function by sampling the 8 surrounding pixels around a given pixel so that a derivative can be calculated in order to find the "normal" of the given pixel. The texture coordinates are instanced once per quad (for the quadtree that makes up the world) and are created as follows (it is quite possible that the problem results from the way I scale and offset the texCoords as seen above): Java: for(int i = 0; i<vertices.length; i++){ Vector2f coord = new Vector2f((vertices[i].x)/(worldSize), (vertices[i].z)/( worldSize)); texCoords[i] = coord; } the quad used for input here rests on the X0Z plane. 'worldSize' is the diameter of the planet. No negative texCoords are seen as the quad used for input for this method is not centered around the origin. Is there something I am missing here? Thanks.

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• Correct way to use Farseer Physics in XNA

  - by user1640602

  I am using Farseer Physics for my 2D sidescroller game and I'm not sure how to proceed with it. I currently have a Sprite class (handles nothing but graphics), a GameObject class (contains specific object info like hit points), a World object which contains the list of Bodies, and a Level object which contains all of these objects. Originally I was trying to keep track of the Sprites, GameObjects, and Bodies separately because I felt that would provide loose coupling but it quickly became a headache. So my new idea was to add a Sprite member to the GameObject class but I'm still not sure how to maintain the Bodies because they have to communicate with GameObject. Specifically, my issue is this: The position of the Body is used to draw the Sprite inside of the Level. In order to do that I would have to maintain a link between GameObjects and Bodies. Is this correct or is there a better way to architect my game? If any of this is unclear please ask and I'll try to clarify. Thank you in advance for any help.

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• How to pass one float as four unsigned chars to shader by glVertexPointAttrib?

  - by Kog

  For each vertex I use two floats as position and four unsigned bytes as color. I want to store all of them in one table, so I tried casting those four unsigned bytes to one float, but I am unable to do that correctly... All in all, my tests came to one point: GLfloat vertices[] = { 1.0f, 0.5f, 0, 1.0f, 0, 0 }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(float), vertices); // VER1 - draws red triangle // unsigned char colors[] = { 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, // 0xff }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors); // VER2 - draws greenish triangle (not "pure" green) // float f = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff // float colors2[] = { f, f, f }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors2); // VER3 - draws red triangle int i = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff int colors3[] = { i, i, i }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), colors3); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); Above code is used to draw one simple red triangle. My question is - why do versions 1 and 3 work correctly, while version 2 draws some greenish triangle? Hex values are one I read by marking variable during debug. They are equal for version 2 and 3 - so what causes the difference?

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• Multiple objects listening for the same key press

  - by xiaohouzi79

  I want to learn the best way to implement this: I have a hero and an enemy on the screen. Say the hero presses "k" to get out a knife, I want the enemy to react in a certain way. Now, if in my game loop I have a listener for the key press event and I identify a "k" was pressed, the quick and easy way would be to do: // If K pressed // hero.getOoutKnife() // enemy.getAngry() But what is commonly done in more complex games, where say I have 10 types of character on screen and they all need to react in a unique way when the letter "k" is pressed? I can think of a bunch of hacky ways to do this, but would love to know how it should be done properly. I am using C++, but I'm not looking for a code implementation, just some ideas on how it should be done the right way.

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• DirectX 11 Constant Buffers vs Effect Framework

  - by Alex

  I'm having some trouble understanding the differences between using constant buffers or using the effect framework of DirectX11 for updating shader constants. From what I understand they both do exactly the same thing, although from reading the documentation it appears as if using effects is meant to be 'easier'. However they seem the same to me, one uses VSSetConstantBuffers and the other GetConstantBufferByName. Is there something I'm missing here?

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• CCSpriteHole in cocos2d 2.0?

  - by rakkarage

  i was using this cocos2d class CCSpriteHole in cocos2d 1.0 fine... http://jpsarda.tumblr.com/post/15779708304/new-cocos2d-iphone-extensions-a-progress-bar-and-a i am trying to convert it to cocos2d 2.0... i got it to compile by changing glVertexPointer to glVertexAttribPointer like in the 2.0 version of CCSpriteScale9 here http://jpsarda.tumblr.com/post/9162433577/scale9grid-for-cocos2d and changing contentSizeInPixels_ to contentSize_... -(id) init { if( (self=[super init]) ) { opacityModifyRGB_ = YES; opacity_ = 255; color_ = colorUnmodified_ = ccWHITE; capSize=capSizeInPixels=CGSizeZero; //Not used blendFunc_.src = CC_BLEND_SRC; blendFunc_.dst = CC_BLEND_DST; // update texture (calls updateBlendFunc) [self setTexture:nil]; // default transform anchor anchorPoint_ = ccp(0.5f, 0.5f); vertexDataCount=24; vertexData = (ccV2F_C4F_T2F*) malloc(vertexDataCount * sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F)); [self setTextureRectInPixels:CGRectZero untrimmedSize:CGSizeZero]; } return self; } -(id) initWithTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture rect:(CGRect)rect { NSAssert(texture!=nil, @"Invalid texture for sprite"); // IMPORTANT: [self init] and not [super init]; if( (self = [self init]) ) { [self setTexture:texture]; [self setTextureRect:rect]; } return self; } -(id) initWithTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture { NSAssert(texture!=nil, @"Invalid texture for sprite"); CGRect rect = CGRectZero; rect.size = texture.contentSize; return [self initWithTexture:texture rect:rect]; } -(id) initWithFile:(NSString*)filename { NSAssert(filename!=nil, @"Invalid filename for sprite"); CCTexture2D *texture = [[CCTextureCache sharedTextureCache] addImage: filename]; if( texture ) return [self initWithTexture:texture]; return nil; } +(id)spriteWithFile:(NSString*)f { return [[self alloc] initWithFile:f]; } - (void) dealloc { if (vertexData) free(vertexData); } -(void) updateColor { ccColor4F color4; color4.r=(float)color_.r/255.0f; color4.g=(float)color_.g/255.0f; color4.b=(float)color_.b/255.0f; color4.a=(float)opacity_/255.0f; for (int i=0; i<vertexDataCount; i++) { vertexData[i].colors=color4; } } -(void)updateTextureCoords:(CGRect)rect { CCTexture2D *tex = texture_; if(!tex) return; float atlasWidth = (float)tex.pixelsWide; float atlasHeight = (float)tex.pixelsHigh; float left,right,top,bottom; left = rect.origin.x/atlasWidth; right = left + rect.size.width/atlasWidth; top = rect.origin.y/atlasHeight; bottom = top + rect.size.height/atlasHeight; // // |/|/|/| // CGSize capTexCoordsSize=CGSizeMake(capSizeInPixels.width/atlasWidth, capSizeInPixels.height/atlasHeight); // From left to right //Top band // Left vertexData[0].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,top}; vertexData[1].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[2].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,top}; vertexData[3].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Center vertexData[4].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,top}; vertexData[5].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Right vertexData[6].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,top}; vertexData[7].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; //Center band // Left vertexData[8].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[9].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[10].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[11].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Center vertexData[12].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[13].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Right vertexData[14].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[15].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,top+capTexCoordsSize.height}; //Bottom band //Left vertexData[16].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,bottom}; vertexData[17].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; vertexData[18].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom}; vertexData[19].texCoords=(ccTex2F){left+capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Center vertexData[20].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom}; vertexData[21].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right-capTexCoordsSize.width,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; // Right vertexData[22].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,bottom}; vertexData[23].texCoords=(ccTex2F){right,bottom-capTexCoordsSize.height}; } -(void) updateVertices { float left=0; //-spriteSizeInPixels.width*0.5f; float right=left+contentSize_.width; float bottom=0; //-spriteSizeInPixels.height*0.5f; float top=bottom+contentSize_.height; float holeLeft=holeRect.origin.x*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); float holeRight=holeLeft+holeRect.size.width*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); float holeBottom=holeRect.origin.y*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); float holeTop=holeBottom+holeRect.size.height*CC_CONTENT_SCALE_FACTOR(); // // |/|/|/| // // From left to right //Top band // Left vertexData[0].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,top}; vertexData[1].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeTop}; vertexData[2].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,top}; vertexData[3].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeTop}; // Center vertexData[4].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,top}; vertexData[5].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeTop}; // Right vertexData[6].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,top}; vertexData[7].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeTop}; //Center band // Left vertexData[8].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeBottom}; vertexData[9].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeTop}; vertexData[10].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeBottom}; vertexData[11].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeTop}; // Center vertexData[12].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeBottom}; vertexData[13].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeTop}; // Right vertexData[14].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeBottom}; vertexData[15].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeTop}; //Bottom band //Left vertexData[16].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,bottom}; vertexData[17].vertices=(ccVertex2F){left,holeBottom}; vertexData[18].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,bottom}; vertexData[19].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeLeft,holeBottom}; // Center vertexData[20].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,bottom}; vertexData[21].vertices=(ccVertex2F){holeRight,holeBottom}; // Right vertexData[22].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,bottom}; vertexData[23].vertices=(ccVertex2F){right,holeBottom}; } -(void) setHole:(CGRect)r inRect:(CGRect)totalSurface { holeRect=r; self.contentSize=totalSurface.size; holeRect.origin=ccpSub(holeRect.origin,totalSurface.origin); CGPoint holeCenter=ccp(holeRect.origin.x+holeRect.size.width*0.5f,holeRect.origin.y+holeRect.size.height*0.5f); self.anchorPoint=ccp(holeCenter.x/contentSize_.width,holeCenter.y/contentSize_.height); //[self updateTextureCoords:rectInPixels_]; [self updateVertices]; [self updateColor]; } -(void) draw { BOOL newBlend = NO; if( blendFunc_.src != CC_BLEND_SRC || blendFunc_.dst != CC_BLEND_DST ) { newBlend = YES; glBlendFunc( blendFunc_.src, blendFunc_.dst ); } glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, [texture_ name]); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[0].vertices); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_TexCoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[0].texCoords); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[0].colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[8].vertices); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_TexCoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[8].texCoords); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[8].colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[16].vertices); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_TexCoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[16].texCoords); glVertexAttribPointer(kCCVertexAttrib_Color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ccV2F_C4F_T2F), &vertexData[16].colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 8); if( newBlend ) glBlendFunc(CC_BLEND_SRC, CC_BLEND_DST); } -(void)setTextureRectInPixels:(CGRect)rect untrimmedSize:(CGSize)untrimmedSize { rectInPixels_ = rect; rect_ = CC_RECT_PIXELS_TO_POINTS( rect ); //[self setContentSizeInPixels:untrimmedSize]; [self updateTextureCoords:rectInPixels_]; } -(void)setTextureRect:(CGRect)rect { CGRect rectInPixels = CC_RECT_POINTS_TO_PIXELS( rect ); [self setTextureRectInPixels:rectInPixels untrimmedSize:rectInPixels.size]; } // // RGBA protocol // #pragma mark CCSpriteHole - RGBA protocol -(GLubyte) opacity { return opacity_; } -(void) setOpacity:(GLubyte) anOpacity { opacity_ = anOpacity; // special opacity for premultiplied textures if( opacityModifyRGB_ ) [self setColor: (opacityModifyRGB_ ? colorUnmodified_ : color_ )]; [self updateColor]; } - (ccColor3B) color { if(opacityModifyRGB_){ return colorUnmodified_; } return color_; } -(void) setColor:(ccColor3B)color3 { color_ = colorUnmodified_ = color3; if( opacityModifyRGB_ ){ color_.r = color3.r * opacity_/255; color_.g = color3.g * opacity_/255; color_.b = color3.b * opacity_/255; } [self updateColor]; } -(void) setOpacityModifyRGB:(BOOL)modify { ccColor3B oldColor = self.color; opacityModifyRGB_ = modify; self.color = oldColor; } -(BOOL) doesOpacityModifyRGB { return opacityModifyRGB_; } #pragma mark CCSpriteHole - CocosNodeTexture protocol -(void) updateBlendFunc { if( !texture_ || ! [texture_ hasPremultipliedAlpha] ) { blendFunc_.src = GL_SRC_ALPHA; blendFunc_.dst = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA; [self setOpacityModifyRGB:NO]; } else { blendFunc_.src = CC_BLEND_SRC; blendFunc_.dst = CC_BLEND_DST; [self setOpacityModifyRGB:YES]; } } -(void) setTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture { // accept texture==nil as argument NSAssert( !texture || [texture isKindOfClass:[CCTexture2D class]], @"setTexture expects a CCTexture2D. Invalid argument"); texture_ = texture; [self updateBlendFunc]; } -(CCTexture2D*) texture { return texture_; } @end but now positioning and scaling seem to not work? and it starts in the wrong position... but changing the opacity still works. so i was wondering if anyone can see why my 2.0 version is not working? or if maybe there is a better way to do a sprite hole with cocos2d/opengl 2.0? shaders? thanks

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• Rendering transparent textures in directX

  - by Vibhore Tanwer

  I am working with a directX application with WPF, I am facing a problem with videos and images that contains transparent pixels, I have to draw a color in background an then a video/image over it. What I expect is background color should be visible while playing video only non transparent pixels should be visible but what I get is a black background behind the video. I am using following settings on device to achieve alpha blending : device.RenderState.SourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha; device.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.InvSourceAlpha; device.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = true; What am I missing here? What is the best approach to handle transparent videos? Any help will be of great value to me.

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• How to implement Fog Of War with an shader?

  - by Cambrano

  Okay, I'm creating a RTS game and want to implement an AgeOfEmpires-like Fog Of War(FOW). That means a tile(or pixel) can be: 0% transparent (unexplored) 50% transparent black (explored but not in viewrange) 100% transparent(explored and in viewrange) RTS means I'll have many explorers (NPCs, buildings, ...). Okay, so I have an 2d array of bytes byte[,] explored. The byte value correlates the transparency. The question is, how do I pass this array to my shader? Well I think it is not possible to pass an entire array. So: what technique shall I use to let my shader know if a pixel/tile is visible or not?

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• Keypress Left is called twice in Update when key is pressed only once

  - by Simran kaur

  I have a piece of code that is changing the position of player when left key is pressed. It is inside of Update() function. I know, Update is called multiple times, but since I have an ifstatement to check if left arrow is pressed, it should update only once. I have tested using print statement that once pressed, it gets called twice. Problem: Position updated twice when key is pressed only once. Below given is the structure of my code: void Update() { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftArrow)) { print ("PRESSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDDD"); } } I looked up on web and what was suggested id this: if (Event.current.type == EventType.KeyDown && Event.current.keyCode == KeyCode.LeftArrow) { print("pressed"); } But, It gives me an error that says: Object reference not set to instance of an object How can I fix this?

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• How to shade a texture two different colors?

  - by Venesectrix

  To give an example of what I'm asking about, I'll use Saints Row 3 since I've been playing that lately. In that game you can customize your looks and your car's appearance a lot. Your coat can have a primary color and a trim color. Your car can have a primary color and a stripe color, etc. Is there just a single coat texture that is being shaded two different colors somehow or are they overlaying a transparent second texture for the trim/stripes that gets shaded differently? If it's just one texture I'd like to know how it's done. If it's two different textures it seems like it's a waste of space. The second texture would be the same size as the first one but mostly transparent if you just wanted to lay it on top of the first one. Or are they just carefully positioning a second, smaller texture so that it aligns properly with the first one?

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• c# scripting execution with xna (actions take more than 1 frame)

  - by user658091

  I'm trying to figure out how to implement c# scripting into my game (XNA with C#). I will be using C# as the scripting language. My question is, how to call functions that take more than 1 frame to finish? For example: class UserScript : Script { public override void execute(Game game) { //script must wait for dialog to be closed game.openDialog("This is a dialog"); //script should'nt wait for this int goldToGive = 100; goldToGive += 100; game.addGold(goldToGive); // //script should wait for cinematic to end game.startCinematic("name_of_cinematic"); //doesn't wait game.addGold(100); } } I found that you can do that with yield, but I'm not sure if it's the correct way (It's from 2010, the article mentioned no longer exists). http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3540231/implementing-a-simple-xml-based-scripting-language-for-an-xna-game Is yield the answer? If so, can anyone point me any examples/tutorials/books? I haven't found any regarding my situation. If not, what approach should I take? or am I better off with multi-threading?

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• How do I make a jumping dolphin rotate realistically?

  - by Johnny

  I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. At the moment, my dolphin rotates a little weird. But I want that it rotates like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation += 0.01f; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation -= 0.01f; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation -= 0.01f; VelocityY += -10f; } else { rotation += 0.01f; VelocityY += -10f; } } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, rotation, new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } I changed my code a little. But I still have some trouble with the rotation. Here's the entire code. The dolphin looks at the wrong direction if I press the left or right key. For example, it looks down if I press the left key. What is wrong with the rotation? At the beginning, the dolphin looks at the left side, but after I pressed a key it just looks down or up. I deleted the "rotation += 0.01f;" lines in the code. Is that correct? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); Vector2 prevPos; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(Position.X - prevPos.X, Position.Y - prevPos.Y); prevPos = Position; // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { VelocityY += 40f; } else { VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { VelocityY += -10f; } else { VelocityY += -10f; } } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, rotation, new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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• Remove enemy when bullet hits enemy

  - by jordi12100

  For my education I have to make a basic game in HTML5 canvas. The game is a shooter game. When you can move left - right and space is shoot. When I shoot the bullets will move up. The enemy moves down. When the bullet hits the enemy the enemy has to dissapear and it will gain +1 score. But the enemy will dissapear after it comes up the screen. Demo: http://jordikroon.nl/test.html space = shoot + enemy shows up This is my code: for (i=0;i<enemyX.length;i++) { if(enemyX[i] > canvas.height) { enemyY.splice(i,1); enemyX.splice(i,1); } else { enemyY[i] += 5; moveEnemy(enemyX[i],enemyY[i]); } } for (i=0;i<bulletX.length;i++) { if(bulletY[i] < 0) { bulletY.splice(i,1); bulletX.splice(i,1); } else { bulletY[i] -= 5; moveBullet(bulletX[i],bulletY[i]); for (ib=0;ib<enemyX.length;ib++) { if(bulletX[i] + 50 < enemyX[ib] || enemyX[ib] + 50 < bulletX[i] || bulletY[i] + 50 < enemyY[ib] || enemyY[ib] + 50 < bulletY[i]) { ++score; enemyY.splice(i,1); enemyX.splice(i,1); } } } } Objects: function moveBullet(posX,posY) { //console.log(posY); ctx.arc(posX, (posY-150), 10, 0 , 2 * Math.PI, false); } function moveEnemy(posX,posY) { ctx.rect(posX, posY, 50, 50); ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff'; ctx.fill(); }

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• Problem creating levels using inherited classes/polymorphism

  - by Adam

  I'm trying to write my level classes by having a base class that each level class inherits from...The base class uses pure virtual functions. My base class is only going to be used as a vector that'll have the inherited level classes pushed onto it...This is what my code looks like at the moment, I've tried various things and get the same result (segmentation fault). //level.h class Level { protected: Mix_Music *music; SDL_Surface *background; SDL_Surface *background2; vector<Enemy> enemy; bool loaded; int time; public: Level(); virtual ~Level(); int bgX, bgY; int bg2X, bg2Y; int width, height; virtual void load(); virtual void unload(); virtual void update(); virtual void draw(); }; //level.cpp Level::Level() { bgX = 0; bgY = 0; bg2X = 0; bg2Y = 0; width = 2048; height = 480; loaded = false; time = 0; } Level::~Level() { } //virtual functions are empty... I'm not sure exactly what I'm supposed to include in the inherited class structure, but this is what I have at the moment... //level1.h class Level1: public Level { public: Level1(); ~Level1(); void load(); void unload(); void update(); void draw(); }; //level1.cpp Level1::Level1() { } Level1::~Level1() { enemy.clear(); Mix_FreeMusic(music); SDL_FreeSurface(background); SDL_FreeSurface(background2); music = NULL; background = NULL; background2 = NULL; Mix_CloseAudio(); } void Level1::load() { music = Mix_LoadMUS("music/song1.xm"); background = loadImage("image/background.png"); background2 = loadImage("image/background2.png"); Mix_OpenAudio(48000, MIX_DEFAULT_FORMAT, 2, 4096); Mix_PlayMusic(music, -1); } void Level1::unload() { } //functions have level-specific code in them... Right now for testing purposes, I just have the main loop call Level1 level1; and use the functions, but when I run the game I get a segmentation fault. This is the first time I've tried writing inherited classes, so I know I'm doing something wrong, but I can't seem to figure out what exactly.

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• Perminantly Sync a wiimote with a computer

  - by Adam Geisweit

  i have tried to look up many ways to sync up my wiimotes to my computer so that i can program games with it, but every time it only syncs them up temporarily, or if it says it can permanently sync it, it doesn't actually do it. it gets tiresome when i have to keep on reconnecting it every time i want to save battery life. how would i be able to sync up my wiimote to my computer so that if i turn off my wiimote, i can just hit any button and it will automatically sync it up?

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• How can I draw crisp per-pixel images with OpenGL ES on Android?

  - by Qasim

  I have made many Android applications and games in Java before, however I am very new to OpenGL ES. Using guides online, I have made simple things in OpenGL ES, including a simple triangle and a cube. I would like to make a 2D game with OpenGL ES, but what I've been doing isn't working quite so well, as the images I draw aren't to scale, and no matter what guide I use, the image is always choppy and not the right size (I'm debugging on my Nexus S). How can I draw crisp, HD images to the screen with GL ES? Here is an example of what happens when I try to do it: And the actual image: Here is how my texture is created: //get id int id = -1; gl.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0); id = texture[0]; //get bitmap Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.ball); //parameters gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, id); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl.glTexEnvf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL10.GL_REPLACE); GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); //crop image mCropWorkspace[0] = 0; mCropWorkspace[1] = height; mCropWorkspace[2] = width; mCropWorkspace[3] = -height; ((GL11) gl).glTexParameteriv(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_CROP_RECT_OES, mCropWorkspace, 0);

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• Normal vector of a face loaded from an FBX model during collision?

  - by Corey Ogburn

  I'm loading a simple 6 sided cube from a UV-mapped FBX model and I'm using a BoundingBox to test for collisions. Once I determine there's a collision, I want to use the normal vector of the collided surface to correct the movement of whatever collided with the cube. I suppose this is a two-part question: 1) How can I determine which face of the cube was collided with in a collision? 2) How can I get the normal vector of that surface?

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• Box 2D Collision Question

  - by Farooq Arshed

  I am very new to Box 2D Physics world. I wanted to know how to collide 2 bodies when one is Dynamic and other is Kinematic. The whole Scenario is explained below: I have 3 balls in total. I want to balls to remain in their places and the third ball to be able to move. When the third ball hits the other two balls then they should move according to the speed and direction from which they were hit. My gravity of the world is 0 because I only want z-axis gravity. I would also like some one to point me towards some good tutorials regarding Box 2D basics which is language independent. I hope I have explained my scenario well. Thanks for the help in advance.

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• Deferred contexts and inheriting state from the immediate context

  - by dreijer

  I took my first stab at using deferred contexts in DirectX 11 today. Basically, I created my deferred context using CreateDeferredContext() and then drew a simple triangle strip with it. Early on in my test application, I call OMSetRenderTargets() on the immediate context in order to render to the swap chain's back buffer. Now, after having read the documentation on MSDN about deferred contexts, I assumed that calling ExecuteCommandList() on the immediate context would execute all of the deferred commands as "an extension" to the commands that had already been executed on the immediate context, i.e. the triangle strip I rendered in the deferred context would be rendered to the swap chain's back buffer. That didn't seem to be the case, however. Instead, I had to manually pull out the immediate context's render target (using OMGetRenderTargets()) and then set it on the deferred context with OMSetRenderTargets(). Am I doing something wrong or is that the way deferred contexts work?

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• What are good JS libraries for game dev? (HTML5)

  - by acidzombie24

  If i decide to write a simple game both text and graphical (2d) what libs may i use? Assuming we are using a HTML5 compatible browser. The main things i can think of Rendering text on screen Animating sprites (using images/css) Input (capturing the arrow keys and getting relative mouse positions) Perhaps some preloading resource or dynamically loading resources and choosing order Sound (but i am unsure how important this will be to me at first). Perhaps with mixing and chaining sounds or looping forever until stop. Networking (low priority) to connect a user to another or to continuously GET data without multiple request (i know this exist but i dont know how easy it is to setup or use. But this isnt important to me. Its for the question).

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• Why does my VertexDeclaration apparently not contain Position0?

  - by Phil

  I'm trying to get my code from calling each individual draw call down to using at least a VertexBuffer, and preferably an indexBuffer, but now that I'm attempting to test my code, I'm getting the error: The current vertex declaration does not include all the elements required by the current vertex shader. Position0 is missing. Which makes absolutely no sense to me, as my VertexDeclaration is: public readonly static VertexDeclaration VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration( new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Position, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3, VertexElementFormat.Color, VertexElementUsage.Color, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3 + 4, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Normal, 0) ); Which clearly contains the information. I am attempting to draw with the following lines: VertexBuffer vb = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColorNormal.VertexDeclaration, c.VertexList.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); IndexBuffer ib = new IndexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(int), c.IndexList.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vb.SetData<VertexPositionColorNormal>(c.VertexList.ToArray()); ib.SetData<int>(c.IndexList.ToArray()); GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, vb.VertexCount, 0, c.IndexList.Count/3); Where c is a Chunk class containing an 8x8x8 array of boxes. Full code is available at https://github.com/mrbaggins/Box/tree/ProperMeshing/box/box. Relevant locations are Chunk.cs (Contains the VertexDeclaration) and Game1.cs (Draw() is in Lines 230-250). Not much else of relevance to this problem anywhere else. Note that large commented sections are from old version of drawing.

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• Using NumPy arrays as 2D mathematical vectors?

  - by CorundumGames

  Right now I'm using lists as position, velocity, and acceleration vectors in my game. Is that a better option than using NumPy's arrays (not the standard library's) as vectors (with float data types)? I'm frequently adding vectors and changing their values directly, then placing the values in these vectors into a Pygame Rect. The vector is used for position (because Rects can't hold floats, so we can't go "between" pixels), and the Rect is used for rendering (because Pygame will only take in Rects for rendering positions).

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