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  • Why does calling CreateDXGIFactory prevent my program from exiting?

    - by smoth190
    I'm using CreateDXGIFactory to get the graphics adapters and display modes. When I call it, it works fine and I get all the data. However, when I exit my program, the main Win32 thread exits, but something stays open because it keeps debugging. Does CreateDXGIFactory create an extra thread and I'm not closing it? I don't understand. The only thing I would suspect is that in the documentation it says it doesn't work if it's called from DllMain. It is in a DLL, but it's not called from DllMain. And it doesn't fail, either. I'm using DirectX 11. Here is the function that initializes DirectX. I haven't gotten past retrieving the refresh rate because of this problem. I commented everything out to pinpoint the problem. bool CGraphicsManager::InitDirectX(HWND hWnd, int width, int height) { HRESULT result; IDXGIFactory* factory; IDXGIOutput* output; IDXGIAdapter* adapter; DXGI_MODE_DESC* displayModes; DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc; unsigned int modeCount = 0; unsigned int refreshNum = 0; unsigned int refreshDen = 0; //First, we need to get the monitors refresh rater result = CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory); //if(FAILED(result)) //{ //MemoryUtil::MessageBoxError(TEXT("InitDirectX"), 0, 0, TEXT("Failed to create DXGI factory\nError:\n%s"), DXGetErrorDescription(result)); //return false; //} /*//Create a graphics card adapter result = factory->EnumAdapters(0, &adapter); if(FAILED(result)) { MemoryUtil::MessageBoxError(TEXT("InitDirectX"), 0, 0, TEXT("Failed to get graphics adapters\nError:\n%s"), DXGetErrorDescription(result)); return false; } //Get the output result = adapter->EnumOutputs(0, &output); if(FAILED(result)) { MemoryUtil::MessageBoxError(TEXT("InitDirectX"), 0, 0, TEXT("Failed to get adapter output\nError:\n%s"), DXGetErrorDescription(result)); return false; } //Get the modes result = output->GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &modeCount, 0); if(FAILED(result)) { MemoryUtil::MessageBoxError(TEXT("InitDirectX"), 0, 0, TEXT("Failed to get mode count\nError:\n%s"), DXGetErrorDescription(result)); return false; } displayModes = new DXGI_MODE_DESC[modeCount]; result = output->GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &modeCount, displayModes); if(FAILED(result)) { MemoryUtil::MessageBoxError(TEXT("InitDirectX"), 0, 0, TEXT("Failed to get display modes\nError:\n%s"), DXGetErrorDescription(result)); return false; } //Now we need to find one for our screen size for(unsigned int i = 0; i < modeCount; i++) { if(displayModes[i].Width == (unsigned int)width) { if(displayModes[i].Height == (unsigned int)height) { refreshNum = displayModes[i].RefreshRate.Numerator; refreshDen = displayModes[i].RefreshRate.Denominator; break; } } } //Store the video card data result = adapter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc); if(FAILED(result)) { MemoryUtil::MessageBoxError(TEXT("InitDirectX"), 0, 0, TEXT("Failed to get adapter description\nError:\n%s"), DXGetErrorDescription(result)); return false; } m_videoCard = new CVideoCard(); MemoryUtil::CreateGameObject(m_videoCard); m_videoCard->VideoCardMemory = (unsigned int)(adapterDesc.DedicatedVideoMemory); wcstombs_s(0, m_videoCard->VideoCardDescription, 128, adapterDesc.Description, 128);*/ //ReleaseCOM(output); //ReleaseCOM(adapter); ReleaseCOM(factory); //DeletePointerArray(displayModes); return true; } Also, I don't know if this means anything, but this is some of the output log when the function is commented out: //... 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcr100d.dll', Symbols loaded. 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\imm32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msctf.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\microsoft shared\ink\tiptsf.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ole32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\oleaut32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\clbcatq.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\oleacc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file The program '[6560] LostRock.exe: Native' has exited with code 0 (0x0). And when it isn't commented out... //... 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cfgmgr32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\devobj.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wintrust.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\crypt32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msasn1.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Unloaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\setupapi.dll' 'LostRock.exe': Unloaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\devobj.dll' 'LostRock.exe': Unloaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cfgmgr32.dll' 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\clbcatq.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'LostRock.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\oleacc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file The thread 'Win32 Thread' (0xb94) has exited with code 0 (0x0). The program '[8096] LostRock.exe: Native' has exited with code 0 (0x0). //This is called when I click "Stop Debugging" P.S. I know it is CreateDXGIFactory because if I comment it out, the program exits correctly.

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  • How can I selectively update XNA GameComponents?

    - by Bill
    I have a small 2D game I'm working on in XNA. So far, I have a player-controlled ship that operates on vector thrust and is terribly fun to spin around in circles. I've implemented this as a DrawableGameComponent and registered it with the game using game.Components.Add(this) in the Ship object constructor. How can I implement features like pausing and a menu system with my current implementation? Is it possible to set certain GameComponents to not update? Is this something for which I should even be using a DrawableGameComponent? If not, what are more appropriate uses for this?

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  • What does Skyrim Creation Kit's NPC class do?

    - by pseudoname
    I'm trying to change it with the setclass console command Based on the UESP wiki it looks like it just governs stat gain for leveling, but based on the Elder Scrolls wiki it seems to only control their combat AI. Obviously it does at least one or both of those - what does it actually do, and does it do anything else? __ Ex: if change Lydia from warrior1handed to vigilantcombat1h with the console command 000A2C94.setclass 0010bfef will it have any unintended side effects that aren't immediately apparent other than letting her use the alteration and healing spells I just gave her with console and setting her stats in a way that works for that? Will it do something weird like mess with her factions or ability to join as my follower? Or mess with her health scaling as she levels? Something hard to notice until alot of time went by? @desaivv* I was trying to do it with 000A2C94.setclass 0010bfef wasn't sure if it'd cause hidden issues only showing after hours of play or if i made a new character with the same bat file. but the creation kit sounds like an idea too, i'll have to see how complicated it is. it might just show what it'd do or have some easier way to change her behavior to add spells. I'll try it and see if anything obvious shows up short term just wasn't sure if it had known long term problems

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  • Render an image with layers for shadows /reflections, object and ground in 3D Studio Max?

    - by Bernd Plontsch
    I have a scene with a simple object standing on the ground in the center. This object has shadows and reflections on the ground. How can I render an image containing 3 separate layers for The object The ground The reflection / shadow on the ground Which format do I use for this? (It should include all 3 layers + I should be able to enable/disable them in Photoshop) How do I define or prepare those layers for being rendering as image layers?

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  • Adding sub-entities to existing entities. Should it be done in the Entity and Component classes?

    - by Coyote
    I'm in a situation where a player can be given the control of small parts of an entity (i.e. Left missile battery). Therefore I started implementing sub entities as follow. Entities are Objects with 3 arrays: pointers to components pointers to sub entities communication subscribers (temporary implementation) Now when an entity is built it has a few components as you might expect and also I can attach sub entities which are handled with some dedicated code in the Entity and Component classes. I noticed sub entities are sharing data in 3 parts: position: the sub entities are using the parent's position and their own as an offset. scrips: sub entities are draining ammo and energy from the parent. physics: sub entities add weight to the parent I made this to quickly go forward, but as I'm slowly fixing current implementations I wonder if this wasn't a mistake. Is my current implementation something commonly done? Will this implementation put me in a corner? I thought it might be a better thing to create some sort of SubEntityComponent where sub entities are attached and handled. But before changing anything I wanted to seek the community's wisdom.

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  • 2D Grid Map Connectivity Check (avoiding stack overflow)

    - by SombreErmine
    I am trying to create a routine in C++ that will run before a more expensive A* algorithm that checks to see if two nodes on a 2D grid map are connected or not. What I need to know is a good way to accomplish this sequentially rather than recursively to avoid overflowing the stack. What I've Done Already I've implemented this with ease using a recursive algorithm; however, depending upon different situations it will generate a stack overflow. Upon researching this, I've come to the conclusion that it is overflowing the stack because of too many recursive function calls. I am sure that my recursion does not enter an infinite loop. I generate connected sets at the beginning of the level, and then I use those connected sets to determine connectivity on the fly later. Basically, the generating algorithm starts from left-to-right top-to-bottom. It skips wall nodes and marks them as visited. Whenever it reaches a walkable node, it recursively checks in all four cardinal directions for connected walkable nodes. Every node that gets checked is marked as visited so they aren't handled twice. After checking a node, it is added to either a walls set, a doors set, or one of multiple walkable nodes sets. Once it fills that area, it continues the original ltr ttb loop skipping already-visited nodes. I've also looked into flood-fill algorithms, but I can't make sense of the sequential algorithms and how to adapt them. Can anyone suggest a better way to accomplish this without causing a stack overflow? The only way I can think of is to do the left-to-right top-to-bottom loop generating connected sets on a row basis. Then check the previous row to see if any of the connected sets are connected and then join the sets that are. I haven't decided on the best data structures to use for that though. I also just thought about having the connected sets pre-generated outside the game, but I wouldn't know where to start with creating a tool for that. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • What do you use to bundle / encrypt data?

    - by David McGraw
    More and more games are going the data driven route which means that there needs to be a layer of security around easy manipulation. I've seen it where games completely bundle up their assets (audio, art, data) and I'm wondering how they are managing that? Are there applications / libraries that will bundle and assist you with managing the assets within? If not is there any good resources that you would point to for packing / unpacking / encryption? This specific question revolves around C++, but I would be open to hear how this is managed in C#/XNA as well. Just to be clear -- I'm not out to engineer a solution to prevent hacking. At the fundamental level we're all manipulating 0's and 1's. But, we do want to keep the 99% of people that play the game from simply modifying XML files that are used to build the game world. I've seen plenty of games bundle all of their resources together. I'm simply curious about the methods they're using.

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  • How to properly add texture to multi-fixture/shape b2Body

    - by Blazej Wdowikowski
    Hello to everyone this is my first poste here I hope that will be not fail start. At start I must say I make part 1 in Ray's Tutorial "How To Make A Game Like Fruit Ninja With Box2D and Cocos2D". But I wonder what when I want make more complex body with texture? Simple just add n b2FixtureDef to the same body. OK but what about texture? If I will take code from that tutorial it only fill last fixture. Probably it does not takes every b2Vec2 point. I was right, it did not. So quick refactor and from that -(id)initWithTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture body:(b2Body*)body original:(BOOL)original { // gather all the vertices from our Box2D shape b2Fixture *originalFixture = body->GetFixtureList(); b2PolygonShape *shape = (b2PolygonShape*)originalFixture->GetShape(); int vertexCount = shape->GetVertexCount(); NSMutableArray *points = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:vertexCount]; for(int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) { CGPoint p = ccp(shape->GetVertex(i).x * PTM_RATIO, shape->GetVertex(i).y * PTM_RATIO); [points addObject:[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:p]]; } if ((self = [super initWithPoints:points andTexture:texture])) { _body = body; _body->SetUserData(self); _original = original; // gets the center of the polygon _centroid = self.body->GetLocalCenter(); // assign an anchor point based on the center self.anchorPoint = ccp(_centroid.x * PTM_RATIO / texture.contentSize.width, _centroid.y * PTM_RATIO / texture.contentSize.height); } return self; } I came up with that -(id)initWithTexture:(CCTexture2D*)texture body:(b2Body*)body original:(BOOL)original { int vertexCount = 0; //gather total number of b2Vect2 points b2Fixture *currentFixture = body->GetFixtureList(); while (currentFixture) { //new b2PolygonShape *shape = (b2PolygonShape*)currentFixture->GetShape(); vertexCount += shape->GetVertexCount(); currentFixture = currentFixture->GetNext(); } NSMutableArray *points = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:vertexCount]; // gather all the vertices from our Box2D shape b2Fixture *originalFixture = body->GetFixtureList(); while (originalFixture) { //new NSLog((NSString*)@"-"); b2PolygonShape *shape = (b2PolygonShape*)originalFixture->GetShape(); int currentVertexCount = shape->GetVertexCount(); for(int i = 0; i < currentVertexCount; i++) { CGPoint p = ccp(shape->GetVertex(i).x * PTM_RATIO, shape->GetVertex(i).y * PTM_RATIO); [points addObject:[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:p]]; } originalFixture = originalFixture->GetNext(); } if ((self = [super initWithPoints:points andTexture:texture])) { _body = body; _body->SetUserData(self); _original = original; // gets the center of the polygon _centroid = self.body->GetLocalCenter(); // assign an anchor point based on the center self.anchorPoint = ccp(_centroid.x * PTM_RATIO / texture.contentSize.width,_centroid.y * PTM_RATIO / texture.contentSize.height); } return self; } I was working for simple two fixtures body like b2BodyDef bodyDef; bodyDef.type = b2_dynamicBody; bodyDef.position = position; bodyDef.angle = rotation; b2Body *body = world->CreateBody(&bodyDef); b2FixtureDef fixtureDef; fixtureDef.density = 1.0; fixtureDef.friction = 0.5; fixtureDef.restitution = 0.2; fixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; fixtureDef.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; b2Vec2 vertices[] = { b2Vec2(0.0/PTM_RATIO,50.0/PTM_RATIO), b2Vec2(0.0/PTM_RATIO,0.0/PTM_RATIO), b2Vec2(50.0/PTM_RATIO,30.1/PTM_RATIO), b2Vec2(60.0/PTM_RATIO,60.0/PTM_RATIO) }; b2PolygonShape shape; shape.Set(vertices, 4); fixtureDef.shape = &shape; body->CreateFixture(&fixtureDef); b2Vec2 vertices2[] = { b2Vec2(20.0/PTM_RATIO,50.0/PTM_RATIO), b2Vec2(20.0/PTM_RATIO,0.0/PTM_RATIO), b2Vec2(70.0/PTM_RATIO,30.1/PTM_RATIO), b2Vec2(80.0/PTM_RATIO,60.0/PTM_RATIO) }; shape.Set(vertices2, 4); fixtureDef.shape = &shape; body->CreateFixture(&fixtureDef); But if I try put secondary shape upper than first it starting wierd, texture goes crazy. For example not mention about more complex shapes. What's more if shapes have one common point texture will not render for them at all [For that I use Physics Edytor like in tutorial part1] BTW. I use PolygonSprite and in method createWithWorld... another shapes. Uff.. Question So my question is, why texture coords are in such a mess up? It's my modify method or just wrong approach? Maybe I should remove duplicated from points array?

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  • How AlphaBlend Blendstate works in XNA 4 when accumulighting light into a RenderTarget?

    - by cubrman
    I am using a Deferred Rendering engine from Catalin Zima's tutorial: His lighting shader returns the color of the light in the rgb channels and the specular component in the alpha channel. Here is how light gets accumulated: Game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(LightRT); Game.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend; // Continuously draw 3d spheres with lighting pixel shader. ... Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; MSDN states that AlphaBlend field of the BlendState class uses the next formula for alphablending: (source × Blend.SourceAlpha) + (destination × Blend.InvSourceAlpha), where "source" is the color of the pixel returned by the shader and "destination" is the color of the pixel in the rendertarget. My question is why do my colors are accumulated correctly in the Light rendertarget even when the new pixels' alphas equal zero? As a quick sanity check I ran the following code in the light's pixel shader: float specularLight = 0; float4 light4 = attenuation * lightIntensity * float4(diffuseLight.rgb,specularLight); if (light4.a == 0) light4 = 0; return light4; This prevents lighting from getting accumulated and, subsequently, drawn on the screen. But when I do the following: float specularLight = 0; float4 light4 = attenuation * lightIntensity * float4(diffuseLight.rgb,specularLight); return light4; The light is accumulated and drawn exactly where it needs to be. What am I missing? According to the formula above: (source x 0) + (destination x 1) should equal destination, so the "LightRT" rendertarget must not change when I draw light spheres into it! It feels like the GPU is using the Additive blend instead: (source × Blend.One) + (destination × Blend.One)

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  • What is the best way to generate income from mobile games?

    - by Thomas
    As the title states, what is the best way to get income from mobile games? (taking into consideration that creating the games only costs a lot of time and the games are relatively simple) As I see it, there are multiple ways of getting money from mobile games, Selling them for a fixed price (seems like a high threshold for potential buyers) In-game purchases (I can imagine this only works for several types of games, I don't see this working well for monopoly unless you like really fancy hotels ;) Ingame advertisements / sponsorships Which way will most likely bring the most profit?

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  • Having trouble with projection matrix, need help

    - by Mr.UNOwen
    I'm having trouble with what appears to be the projection matrix. Given a wide enough of a screen, when a cube is on the left and right most edge, the left or right wall will appear stretched to the point that the front face is 1/10 the width of the side. So I do update the screen ratio along with the projection matrix and view port on screen resize, am I safe to assume all the trouble is from the matrix class? Also the cube follows the mouse, but it's only vertically aligned and ahead of the mouse when going left or right from the center of the screen. Perspective function call: * setPerspective * * @param fov: angle in radians * @param aspect: screen ratio w/h * @param near: near distance * @param far: far distance **/ void APCamera::setPerspective(GMFloat_t fov, GMFloat_t aspect, GMFloat_t near, GMFloat_t far) { GMFloat_t difZ = near - far; GMFloat_t *data; mProjection->clear(); //set to identity matrix data = mProjection->getData(); GMFloat_t v = 1.0f / tan(fov / 2.0f); data[_AP_MAA] = v / aspect; data[_AP_MBB] = v; data[_AP_MCC] = (far + near) / difZ; data[_AP_MCD] = -1.0f; data[_AP_MDD] = 0.0f; data[_AP_MDC] = 2.0f * far * near/ difZ; mRatio = aspect; mInvProjOutdated = true; mIsPerspective = true; } and... #define _AP_MAA 0 #define _AP_MAB 1 #define _AP_MAC 2 #define _AP_MAD 3 #define _AP_MBA 4 #define _AP_MBB 5 #define _AP_MBC 6 #define _AP_MBD 7 #define _AP_MCA 8 #define _AP_MCB 9 #define _AP_MCC 10 #define _AP_MCD 11 #define _AP_MDA 12 #define _AP_MDB 13 #define _AP_MDC 14 #define _AP_MDD 15

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  • Split vector vs matrix notation for transformation

    - by seahorse
    Some rendering engines like Ogre prefer to use a individual vector based notation for transformations like the following Split vector notation: Net Transformation is represented by Scale vector = sx, sy, sz Transformation vector = tx, ty, tz Rotation Quaternion Vector = w,x,y,z Matrix notation: There are other engines which simply use a net combined transformation matrix. What are the advantages of the first notation over the second? Also for animation interpolation does it work in the first notation that we interpolate across the individual components and use the interpolated parts to get the net transformation? Is this another advantage?

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  • In an Entity-Component-System Engine, How do I deal with groups of dependent entities?

    - by John Daniels
    After going over a few game design patterns, I have settle with Entity-Component-System (ES System) for my game engine. I've reading articles (mainly T=Machine) and review some source code and I think I got enough to get started. There is just one basic idea I am struggling with. How do I deal with groups of entities that are dependent on each other? Let me use an example: Assume I am making a standard overhead shooter (think Jamestown) and I want to construct a "boss entity" with multiple distinct but connected parts. The break down might look like something like this: Ship body: Movement, Rendering Cannon: Position (locked relative to the Ship body), Tracking\Fire at hero, Taking Damage until disabled Core: Position (locked relative to the Ship body), Tracking\Fire at hero, Taking Damage until disabled, Disabling (er...destroying) all other entities in the ship group My goal would be something that would be identified (and manipulated) as a distinct game element without having to rewrite subsystem form the ground up every time I want to build a new aggregate Element. How do I implement this kind of design in ES System? Do I implement some kind of parent-child entity relationship (entities can have children)? This seems to contradict the methodology that Entities are just empty container and makes it feel more OOP. Do I implement them as separate entities, with some kind of connecting Component (BossComponent) and related system (BossSubSystem)? I can't help but think that this will be hard to implement since how components communicate seem to be a big bear trap. Do I implement them as one Entity, with a collection of components (ShipComponent, CannonComponents, CoreComponent)? This one seems to veer way of the ES System intent (components here seem too much like heavy weight entities), but I'm know to this so I figured I would put that out there. Do I implement them as something else I have mentioned? I know that this can be implemented very easily in OOP, but my choosing ES over OOP is one that I will stick with. If I need to break with pure ES theory to implement this design I will (not like I haven't had to compromise pure design before), but I would prefer to do that for performance reason rather than start with bad design. For extra credit, think of the same design but, each of the "boss entities" were actually connected to a larger "BigBoss entity" made of a main body, main core and 3 "Boss Entities". This would let me see a solution for at least 3 dimensions (grandparent-parent-child)...which should be more than enough for me. Links to articles or example code would be appreciated. Thanks for your time.

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  • In an Entity/Component system, can component data be implemented as a simple array of key-value pairs? [on hold]

    - by 010110110101
    I'm trying to wrap my head around how to organize components in an Entity Component Systems once everything in the current scene/level is loaded in memory. (I'm a hobbyist BTW) Some people seem to implement the Entity as an object that contains a list of of "Component" objects. Components contain data organized as an array of key-value pairs. Where the value is serialized "somehow". (pseudocode is loosely in C# for brevity) class Entity { Guid _id; List<Component> _components; } class Component { List<ComponentAttributeValue> _attributes; } class ComponentAttributeValue { string AttributeName; object AttributeValue; } Others describe Components as an in-memory "table". An entity acquires the component by having its key placed in a table. The attributes of the component-entity instance are like the columns in a table class Renderable_Component { List<RenderableComponentAttributeValue> _entities; } class RenderableComponentAttributeValue { Guid entityId; matrix4 transformation; // other stuff for rendering // everything is strongly typed } Others describe this actually as a table. (and such tables sound like an EAV database schema BTW) (and the value is serialized "somehow") Render_Component_Table ---------------- Entity Id Attribute Name Attribute Value and when brought into running code: class Entity { Guid _id; Dictionary<string, object> _attributes; } My specific question is: Given various components, (Renderable, Positionable, Explodeable, Hideable, etc) and given that each component has an attribute with a particular name, (TRANSLATION_MATRIX, PARTICLE_EMISSION_VELOCITY, CAN_HIDE, FAVORITE_COLOR, etc) should: an entity contain a list of components where each component, in turn, has their own array of named attributes with values serialized somehow or should components exist as in-memory tables of entity references and associated with each "row" there are "columns" representing the attribute with values that are specific to each entity instance and are strongly typed or all attributes be stored in an entity as a singular array of named attributes with values serialized somehow (could have name collisions) or something else???

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  • How can I chose the depth of a quadtree?

    - by Evpok
    In a 2d world, using a quadtree to prune pairs in collision detection, how can I chose the depth of said quadtree? The world I am dealing with is mostly made of moving objects¹, so the cost of dispatching the objects between the quadtree cells matter. So what I am interested in is the balance between the gain from less collision checking and the loss from more dispatching. 1. To be completely explicit, autonomous self-replicating cells competing for food sources, in an attempt to show my pupils predator-prey dynamics and genetic evolution at work

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  • Android/Java AI agent framework/middleware

    - by corneliu
    I am looking for an AI agent framework to use as a starting point in an Android game I have to create for a university research project. It has been suggested to me to use JADE, but, as far as I can tell, it's not a suitable framework for games (at least for my game idea) because it runs in a split-execution mode, and it needs an always-active network connection to a main host. What I want is just a little something to give me a headstart. I am willing to adjust the game's features to the framework because it's more of a mockup game, and the purpose is to compare the performance of a couple of agents in the game world. The game will be very simplistic, with a minimal UI that displays various stats about the characters in the game (so no graphics, no pathfinding). Thank you.

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  • Most efficient way to handle coordinate maps in Java

    - by glowcoder
    I have a rectangular tile-based layout. It's your typical Cartesian system. I would like to have a single class that handles two lookup styles Get me the set of players at position X,Y Get me the position of player with key K My current implementation is this: class CoordinateMap<V> { Map<Long,Set<V>> coords2value; Map<V,Long> value2coords; // convert (int x, int y) to long key - this is tested, works for all values -1bil to +1bil // My map will NOT require more than 1 bil tiles from the origin :) private Long keyFor(int x, int y) { int kx = x + 1000000000; int ky = y + 1000000000; return (long)kx | (long)ky << 32; } // extract the x and y from the keys private int[] coordsFor(long k) { int x = (int)(k & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; int y = (int)((k >>> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; return new int[] { x,y }; } } From there, I proceed to have other methods that manipulate or access the two maps accordingly. My question is... is there a better way to do this? Sure, I've tested my class and it works fine. And sure, something inside tells me if I want to reference the data by two different keys, I need two different maps. But I can also bet I'm not the first to run into this scenario. Thanks!

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  • Slick2d Spritesheet showing whole image

    - by BotskoNet
    I'm trying to show a single subimage from a sprite sheet. Using slick2d SpriteSheet class, all it's doing is showing me the entire image, but scaled down to fit the cell dimensions. The image is 96x192 and should have cells of 32x32. The code: SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheet("images/"+file, 32, 32 ); System.out.println("Horiz Count: " + spriteSheet.getHorizontalCount()); System.out.println("Vert Count: " + spriteSheet.getVerticalCount()); System.out.println("Height: " + spriteSheet.getHeight()); System.out.println("Width: " + spriteSheet.getWidth()); System.out.println("Texture Width: " + spriteSheet.getTextureWidth()); System.out.println("Texture Height: " + spriteSheet.getTextureHeight()); Prints: Horiz Count: 3 Vert Count: 6 Height: 192 Width: 96 Texture Width: 0.75 Texture Height: 0.75 Not sure what the texture dimensions refer to, but the rest is entirely accurate. However, when I draw the icon, the entire sprite image shows scaled down to 32x32: Image image = spriteSheet.getSprite(1, 0); // a test image.bind(); GL11.glEnable(GL11.GL_BLEND); GL11.glBlendFunc(GL11.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,0); GL11.glVertex2f(x,y); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,0); GL11.glVertex2f(x+image.getWidth(),y); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,1); GL11.glVertex2f(x+image.getWidth(),y+image.getHeight()); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,1); GL11.glVertex2f(x,y+image.getHeight()); GL11.glEnd(); GL11.glDisable(GL11.GL_BLEND);

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  • Huge procedurally generated 'wilderness' worlds

    - by The Communist Duck
    I'm sure you all know of games like Dwarf Fortress - massive, procedural generated wilderness and land. Something like this, taken from this very useful article. However, I was wondering how I could apply this to a much larger scale; the scale of Minecraft comes to mind (isn't that something like 8x the size of the Earth's surface?). Pseudo-infinite, I think the best term would be. The article talks about fractal perlin noise. I am no way an expert on it, but I get the general idea (it's some kind of randomly generated noise which is semi-coherent, so not just random pixel values). I could just define regions X by X in size, add some region loading type stuff, and have one bit of noise generating a region. But this would result in just huge amounts of islands. On the other extreme, I don't think I can really generate a supermassive sheet of perlin noise. And it would just be one big island, I think. I am pretty sure Perlin noise, or some noise, would be the answer in some way. I mean, the map is really nice looking. And you could replace the ascii with tiles, and get something very nice looking. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks. :D

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  • How can I prevent seams from showing up on objects using lower mipmap levels?

    - by Shivan Dragon
    Disclaimer: kindly right click on the images and open them separately so that they're at full size, as there are fine details which don't show up otherwise. Thank you. I made a simple Blender model, it's a cylinder with the top cap removed: I've exported the UVs: Then imported them into Photoshop, and painted the inner area in yellow and the outer area in red. I made sure I cover well the UV lines: I then save the image and load it as texture on the model in Blender. Actually, I just reload it as the image where the UVs are exported, and change the viewport view mode to textured. When I look at the mesh up-close, there's yellow everywhere, everything seems fine: However, if I start zooming out, I start seeing red (literally and metaphorically) where the texture edges are: And the more I zoom, the more I see it: Same thing happends in Unity, though the effect seems less pronounced. Up close is fine and yellow: Zoom out and you see red at the seams: Now, obviously, for this simple example a workaround is to spread the yellow well outside the UV margins, and its fine from all distances. However this is an issue when you try making a complex texture that should tile seamlessly at the edges. In this situation I either make a few lines of pixels overlap (in which case it looks bad from upclose and ok from far away), or I leave them seamless and then I have those seams when seeing it from far away. So my question is, is there something I'm missing, or some extra thing I must do to have my texture look seamless from all distances?

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  • 2d shapes in XNA 4.0?

    - by Lautaro
    Having some experience of XNA but none of 3D programming. I have an idea i want to realize but i have not decided to do it in 3d or 2d. Im not sure which one will be best in XNA. I want to have a shape like a blob that can reshape depending on input. The morphing does not need to be very advanced. It could be a circle (2d) or globe (3d) that just has one point that moves slightly in a random direction. In ASP.NET i have made this through the 2d Draw classes where i can make lines, circles, squares etc and then modify the points that makes them up. But it seems to me that XNA does not have classes for making 2d shapes (can i get this confirmed?). If it had, then this would be the quickest solution for me.

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  • How do I communicate with an IronPython component in a C#/XNA game?

    - by Jonathan Hobbs
    My XNA game is component-oriented, and has various components for position, physics representation, rendering, etc, all of which extend a base Component class. The player and enemies also have controllers which are currently defined in C#. I'd like to turn them into Python scripts, but I'm not sure how to interact with those scripts. The examples in Embedding IronPython in a C# Application suggest I'd have to create a wrapper class (e.g. a Script component) which compiles a Python script, and call the Update methods of the component in the script Is this the most effective way of working with a Python object? I feel that I'm missing something in my research - there must be a way to load up a script, instantiate a Python object and then work directly with it from within C#. Or is the wrapper required?

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  • Level of detail algorithm not functioning correctly

    - by Darestium
    I have been working on this problem for months; I have been creating Planet Generator of sorts, after more than 6 months of work I am no closer to finishing it then I was 4 months ago. My problem; The terrain does not subdivide in the correct locations properly, it almost seems as if there is a ghost camera next to me, and the quads subdivide based on the position of this "ghost camera". Here is a video of the broken program: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF_pHeMOju8 The best example of the problem occurs around 0:36. For detail limiting, I am going for a chunked LOD approach, which subdivides the terrain based on how far you are away from it. I use a "depth table" to determine how many subdivisions should take place. void PQuad::construct_depth_table(float distance) { tree[0] = -1; for (int i = 1; i < MAX_DEPTH; i++) { tree[i] = distance; distance /= 2.0f; } } The chuncked LOD relies on the child/parent structure of quads, the depth is determined by a constant e.g: if the constant is 6, there are six levels of detail. The quads which should be drawn go through a distance test from the player to the centre of the quad. void PQuad::get_recursive(glm::vec3 player_pos, std::vector<PQuad*>& out_children) { for (size_t i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) { children[i].get_recursive(player_pos, out_children); } if (this->should_draw(player_pos) || this->depth == 0) { out_children.emplace_back(this); } } bool PQuad::should_draw(glm::vec3 player_position) { float distance = distance3(player_position, centre); if (distance < tree[depth]) { return true; } return false; } The root quad has four children which could be visualized like the following: [] [] [] [] Where each [] is a child. Each child has the same amount of children up until the detail limit, the quads which have are 6 iterations deep are leaf nodes, these nodes have no children. Each node has a corresponding Mesh, each Mesh structure has 16x16 Quad-shapes, each Mesh's Quad-shapes halves in size each detail level deeper - creating more detail. void PQuad::construct_children() { // Calculate the position of the Quad based on the parent's location calculate_position(); if (depth < (int)MAX_DEPTH) { children.reserve((int)NUM_OF_CHILDREN); for (int i = 0; i < (int)NUM_OF_CHILDREN; i++) { children.emplace_back(PQuad(this->face_direction, this->radius)); PQuad *child = &children.back(); child->set_depth(depth + 1); child->set_child_index(i); child->set_parent(this); child->construct_children(); } } else { leaf = true; } } The following function creates the vertices for each quad, I feel that it may play a role in the problem - I just can't determine what is causing the problem. void PQuad::construct_vertices(std::vector<glm::vec3> *vertices, std::vector<Color3> *colors) { vertices->reserve(quad_width * quad_height); for (int y = 0; y < quad_height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < quad_width; x++) { switch (face_direction) { case YIncreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, quad_height - 1.0f, -(position.y + y * element_width))); break; case YDecreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, 0.0f, -(position.y + y * element_width))); break; case XIncreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(quad_width - 1.0f, position.y + y * element_width, -(position.x + x * element_width))); break; case XDecreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(0.0f, position.y + y * element_width, -(position.x + x * element_width))); break; case ZIncreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, position.y + y * element_width, 0.0f)); break; case ZDecreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, position.y + y * element_width, -(quad_width - 1.0f))); break; } // Position the bottom, right, front vertex of the cube from being (0,0,0) to (-16, -16, 16) (*vertices)[vertices->size() - 1] -= glm::vec3(quad_width / 2.0f, quad_width / 2.0f, -(quad_width / 2.0f)); colors->emplace_back(Color3(255.0f, 255.0f, 255.0f, false)); } } switch (face_direction) { case YIncreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, quad_height - 1.0f, -(position.y + quad_height / 2.0f)); break; case YDecreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, 0.0f, -(position.y + quad_height / 2.0f)); break; case XIncreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(quad_width - 1.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, -(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f)); break; case XDecreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(0.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, -(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f)); break; case ZIncreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, 0.0f); break; case ZDecreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, -(quad_height - 1.0f)); break; } this->centre -= glm::vec3(quad_width / 2.0f, quad_width / 2.0f, -(quad_width / 2.0f)); } Any help in discovering what is causing this "subdivding in the wrong place" would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Light shaped like a line

    - by Michael
    I am trying to figure out how line-shaped lights fit into the standard point light/spotlight/directional light scheme. The way I see it, there are two options: Seed the line with regular point lights and just deal with the artifacts. Easy, but seems wasteful. Make the line some kind of emissive material and apply a bloom effect. Sounds like it could work, but I can't test it in my engine yet. Is there a standard way to do this? Or for non-point lights in general?

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  • Cocos2d/Cocos2d-x Attaching an arrow (sprite) to another body sprite (person)

    - by Satchmo Brown
    I am trying to set up a simple bow and arrow game. When the arrow hits the enemy body, the arrow's body is deleted and the arrow sprite continues to update, keeping the position correct in relation to the enemy it hit. Picture an arrow sticking into a body and that body still rotating and moving. My problem is that the rotation is completely wrong when the enemy rotates. I know how to do this in 3d with matrix transformation but I can't seem to figure it out in 2d with Cocos. Here is my method. I save offset at which the arrow hit the enemy. Every frame, I make the rotation of the sprite match the rotation of the enemy. Then, I apply the offset I took initially which is where the arrow hit the enemy. When they rotate, they rotate about their respective anchors and I am wondering if I need to set the anchor of the arrow to the center of the sprite. Does anyone know of an easy way to do this. If not, I will try to create an algorithm where the anchor is set to the offset divided by the width and height of the sprite image hopefully giving me the correct anchor values. Then I assume I need to reposition the sprite. Does anyone have a simpler way to do this?

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