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• Panning a 3d viewport in 2d direction with rotated camera

  - by Noob Game Developer

  I am using below code to pan the viewport (action script 3 code using flare3d framework) _mainCamera.x-= Input3D.mouseXSpeed; _mainCamera.z+= Input3D.mouseYSpeed; Where as Input3D.mouse[X|Y]Speed gives the displacement of the mouse on the X/Y axis starting from the position of the last frame. This works perfect if my camera is not rotated. However, if I rotate the camera (x by 30, y by 60) and pan the camera then it goes wrong. Which is actually correctly panning according to the code. But this is not desired and I know I need to do some math to get the correct x/y which I am not aware of it. Can some one help me achieving it? Update: I am getting an Idea but I am not sure how to do it :( Get the mouseX/Y deltas (xd,yd) Get the current camera coords (pos3d) Convert to screen coords (pos2d) Add deltas to screen coords (pos2d+ (xd,yd)) Convert above coords to 3d coords

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• How to set sprite source coordinates?

  - by ChaosDev

  I am creating own sprite drawer with DX11 on C++. Works fine but I dont know how to apply source rectangle to texture coordinates of rendering surface(for animation sprite sheets) //source = (0,0,32,64); //RECT D3DXVECTOR2 t0 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t1 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t2 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t3 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t4 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t5 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); VertexPositionColorTexture vertices[] = { { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t0}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t1}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t2}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t3}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left , dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t4}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t5}, };

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• BoundingBox Intersection Problems

  - by Deukalion

  When I try to render two cubes, same sizes, one beside the other. With the same proportions (XYZ). My problem is, why do a Box1.BoundingBox.Contains(Box2.BoundingBox) == ContaintmentType.Intersects - when it clearly doesn't? I'm trying to place objects with BoundingBoxes as "intersection" checking, but this simple example clearly shows that this doesn't work. Why is that? I also try checking height of the next object to be placed, by checking intersection, adding each boxes height += (Max.Y - Min.Y) to a Height value, so when I add a new Box it has a height value. This works, but sometimes due to strange behavior it adds extra values when there isn't anything there. This is an example of what I mean: BoundingBox box1 = GetBoundaries(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(128, 64, 128)); BoundingBox box2 = GetBoundaries(new Vector3(128, 0, 0), new Vector3(128, 64, 128)); if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Intersects) { // This will be executed System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Intersects = True"); } if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Disjoint) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Disjoint = True"); } if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Contains) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Contains = True"); } Test Method: public BoundingBox GetBoundaries(Vector3 position, Vector3 size) { Vector3[] vertices = new Vector3[8]; vertices[0] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[1] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[2] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[3] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[4] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[5] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[6] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[7] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f) * size; return BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(vertices); } Box 1 should start at x -64, Box 2 should start at x 64 which means they never overlap. If I add Box 2 to 129 instead it creates a small gap between the cubes which is not pretty. So, the question is how can I place two cubes beside eachother and make them understand that they do not overlap or actually intersect? Because this way I can never automatically check for intersections or place cube beside eachother.

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• Can I name a team with the name of their city to avoid trademark issues?

  - by Paul

  I was wondering, if you want to make a NBA game on smartphones, without the license held by EA, the first solution seems to name your teams with a different name, such as "Chicragro Brulls" (this is just for the example), but would it be possible to just call your team with the name of the city, such as "Chicago vs. Dallas" ? I know the first solution was chosen by Pro Evolution Soccer, would you know any other game that don't use a license?

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• How do I make a simple level system?

  - by ROROX

  I've been learning programming for a while and things are slow but steady. I only have a couple experiments that look something like a game (JavaScript,HTML5,CANVAS). One of the things I would like to establish this early in my process though is a basic level system to my games. I'm thinking like Atari, NES type simple. mainMenu , level1 , level2 , ... Later I'll work on including such screens as; titleScreen , pause , highScore. But for now just looking for the basics. Any good articles/tutorial links would help. Or just a snippet of code I can look over. Thank you kindly :)

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• specifying an object type at runtime

  - by lapin

  I've written a Vbo template class to work with opengl. I'd like to set the type from a config file at runtime. e.g. <vbo type="bump_vt" ... /> Vbo* pVbo = new Vbo(bump_vt, ...); Is there some way I can do this without a large if else block e.g. if( sType.compareTo("bump_vt") == 0 ) Vbo* pVbo = new Vbo(bump_vt, ...); else if ... I'm writing for multiple platforms in c++. thanks

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• Speed up content loading

  - by user1806687

  I am using WinForms Sample downloaded from microsoft website. The problem is, that the model loading time is quite long, using: contentBuilder.Add(ModelPath, ModelName, null, "ModelProcessor"); contentManager.Load<Model>(ModelName); even a simple model, such as a cube with no textures, takes 4+ seconds to load. Now, I am no expert on this, but is there anyway to decrease loading time? EDIT: I've gone thru the code and found out that calling contentBuilder.Build(); ,which comes right after contentBuilder.Add() method takes up most of the time.

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• Android - Force Close - Null Pointer on Canvas?

  - by user22241

  Please bear with me. I have a very odd problem. Basically, my app so far, has 3 activities (a main splash screen, an 'options/menu' screen and the main app). If I follow the very specific steps oulined below, I get a 'null pointer exception' in the 2nd activity) and the app force closes...... Here are the steps: Start the app (a game based on Surfaceview), tap through to the third activity so the game is running, then hit the home key so the game is paused and put to the background, the activity/app is ended through DDMS in the SDK then restarted on the device (all OK so far), now if I hit the back key on the device twice in quick succession, it happens. All other sequence of events is fine, even to the point of pressing the back key, waiting for the previous activity to show, then hitting back again - all OK. Only when the back key is pressed twice in quick succession following all the above steps does the problem occur. I'm assuming that the canvas isn't ready as it's showing as 'null' when this happens, but I'm not sure why this is happening as surely it's happening when I'm trying to go back to activity 1, but the logcat shows the error in activity 2. if I stop the activity running my 'doDraw' method (which referenced the canvas), then all is OK - so I can safely assume it is the canvas causing the problem. Also, if I skip my first activity (which is a very basic full-screen button which just displays a splashscreen and waits for the user to tap the screen), and make my 2nd activity the launch activity, again, it is OK. this is the part of the code that I think is probably relevant: @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); this.viewWidth = vwidth; this.viewHeight = vheight; if (runthread==false){ if (preThread.getState()==Thread.State.TERMINATED){ preThread = new OptionsThread(thisholder, thiscontext, thishandler); } preThread.setRunning(true); preThread.start();} } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { preThread.setRunning(false); //Stop the loop boolean retry = true; //Stop the thread while (retry) { try { preThread.join(); retry = false; } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } Thank you all for any help you can offer

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• snapping an angle to the closest cardinal direction

  - by Josh E

  I'm developing a 2D sprite-based game, and I'm finding that I'm having trouble with making the sprites rotate correctly. In a nutshell, I've got spritesheets for each of 5 directions (the other 3 come from just flipping the sprite horizontally), and I need to clamp the velocity/rotation of the sprite to one of those directions. My sprite class has a pre-computed list of radians corresponding to the cardinal directions like this: protected readonly List<float> CardinalDirections = new List<float> { MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.PiOver2, MathHelper.PiOver2 + MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.Pi, -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.PiOver2, -MathHelper.PiOver2 + -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.Pi, }; Here's the positional update code: if (velocity == Vector2.Zero) return; var rot = ((float)Math.Atan2(velocity.Y, velocity.X)); TurretRotation = SnapPositionToGrid(rot); var snappedX = (float)Math.Cos(TurretRotation); var snappedY = (float)Math.Sin(TurretRotation); var rotVector = new Vector2(snappedX, snappedY); velocity *= rotVector; //...snip private float SnapPositionToGrid(float rotationToSnap) { if (rotationToSnap == 0) return 0.0f; var targetRotation = CardinalDirections.First(x => (x - rotationToSnap >= -0.01 && x - rotationToSnap <= 0.01)); return (float)Math.Round(targetRotation, 3); } What am I doing wrong here? I know that the SnapPositionToGrid method is far from what it needs to be - the .First(..) call is on purpose so that it throws on no match, but I have no idea how I would go about accomplishing this, and unfortunately, Google hasn't helped too much either. Am I thinking about this the wrong way, or is the answer staring at me in the face?

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• Is it better to cut and store all sprites needed from a spritesheet in memory, or cut them out just-in-time?

  - by xLite

  I'm not sure what's best practice here as I have little experience with this. Essentially what I am asking is... if it's better to get your single PNG with all your different sprites on it for use in-game, cut out every sprite on startup and store them in memory, then access the already-cut-out sprite from memory quickly or Only have the single PNG with all the different sprites residing in memory, and when you need, for example, a tree. You cut out the tree from the PNG and then continue to use it as normal. I imagine the former is more CPU friendly than the latter but less memory friendly, vice versa for the latter. I want to know what the norm is for game dev. This is a pixel based game using 2D art. Each PNG is actually an avatar's sprite sheet with each body part separated and then later joined to form the full body of the avatar.

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• How does a single programmer make a game?

  - by Mike

  I have always been a software developer, but lately I've been wanting to get into games. The only thing stopping me is the fact that I'm a programmer, not an artist. I've made some simple stuff, Tetris, 2D chess things like that but I can't do much art and that's really what holds me back. Now the problem is, I've yet to go to college so most commercial projects wouldn't accept me even to work for free and learn a bit especially with my lack of experience in games and any indie projects I've looked into really have an issue with responding to people interested, or actually completing (or starting really, most don't get past the ideas on paper) the project they want to do. I've looked around locally for artists, anyone who can do modeling, textures or animating or even anyone with some ability to make some more advanced 2D assets to get something like a side-scrolling RPG or something but haven't been able to find anyone. So how do you guys do it? Do I really just have to wait until I can go to college to see if I like working with games or is there some way I can get art (for free, anything I do is just going to be for fun so I don't want to have to sink money into it) and just start messing around on my own? Or am I just having bad luck and not looking in the right places for other people interested in having me help? I'm not looking for anything in particular, just something to fill some time with and see if I like making games. If not, well I'll go back to my software projects. I just have one more year of highschool and I'd like to try a few different areas before I go to college.

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• Pseudo-magnet implementation with chipmunk

  - by Eimantas

  How should I go about implementing "natural" magnet on a certain body in chipmunk space? Context is of simple bodies lying in the space (think chessboard). When one of the figures is activated as a magnet - others should start moving towards it. Currently I'm applying force (cpBodyApplyForce)to the other figures with vector calculated towards the activated figure. However this doesn't really feel "natural". Are there any known algorithms for imitating magnets?

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• Wall avoidance steering

  - by Vodemki

  I making a small steering simulator using the reynolds boid algorythm. Now I want to add a wall avoidance feature. My walls are in 3D and defined using two points like that: ---------. P2 | | P1 .--------- My agents have a velocity, a position, etc... Could you tell me how to make avoidance with my agents ? Vector2D ReynoldsSteeringModel::repulsionFromWalls() { Vector2D force; vector<Wall *> wallsList = walls(); Point2D pos = self()->position(); Vector2D velocity = self()->velocity(); for (unsigned i=0; i<wallsList.size(); i++) { //TODO } return force; } Then I use all the forces returned by my boid functions and I apply it to my agent. I just need to know how to do that with my walls ? Thanks for your help.

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• Problem with sprite direction and rotation

  - by user2236165

  I have a sprite called Tool that moves with a speed represented as a float and in a direction represented as a Vector2. When I click the mouse on the screen the sprite change its direction and starts to move towards the mouseclick. In addition to that I rotate the sprite so that it is facing in the direction it is heading. However, when I add a camera that is suppose to follow the sprite so that the sprite is always centered on the screen, the sprite won't move in the given direction and the rotation isn't accurate anymore. This only happens when I add the Camera.View in the spriteBatch.Begin(). I was hoping anyone could maybe shed a light on what I am missing in my code, that would be highly appreciated. Here is the camera class i use: public class Camera { private const float zoomUpperLimit = 1.5f; private const float zoomLowerLimit = 0.1f; private float _zoom; private Vector2 _pos; private int ViewportWidth, ViewportHeight; #region Properties public float Zoom { get { return _zoom; } set { _zoom = value; if (_zoom < zoomLowerLimit) _zoom = zoomLowerLimit; if (_zoom > zoomUpperLimit) _zoom = zoomUpperLimit; } } public Rectangle Viewport { get { int width = (int)((ViewportWidth / _zoom)); int height = (int)((ViewportHeight / _zoom)); return new Rectangle((int)(_pos.X - width / 2), (int)(_pos.Y - height / 2), width, height); } } public void Move(Vector2 amount) { _pos += amount; } public Vector2 Position { get { return _pos; } set { _pos = value; } } public Matrix View { get { return Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-_pos.X, -_pos.Y, 0)) * Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(Zoom, Zoom, 1)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(ViewportWidth * 0.5f, ViewportHeight * 0.5f, 0)); } } #endregion public Camera(Viewport viewport, float initialZoom) { _zoom = initialZoom; _pos = Vector2.Zero; ViewportWidth = viewport.Width; ViewportHeight = viewport.Height; } } And here is my Update and Draw-method: protected override void Update (GameTime gameTime) { float elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState (); foreach (TouchLocation tl in touchCollection) { if (tl.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed || tl.State == TouchLocationState.Moved) { //direction the tool shall move towards direction = touchCollection [0].Position - toolPos; if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //change the direction the tool is moving and find the rotationangle the texture must rotate to point in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); RotationAngle = (float)Math.Atan2 (direction.Y, direction.X); } } if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //move tool in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); //change cameracentre to the tools position Camera.Position = toolPos; base.Update (gameTime); } protected override void Draw (GameTime gameTime) { graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear (Color.Blue); spriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, null, Camera.View); spriteBatch.Draw (tool, new Vector2 (toolPos.X, toolPos.Y), null, Color.White, RotationAngle, originOfToolTexture, 1, SpriteEffects.None, 1); spriteBatch.End (); base.Draw (gameTime); }

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• Setting uniform value of a vertex shader for different sprites in a SpriteBatch

  - by midasmax

  I'm using libGDX and currently have a simple shader that does a passthrough, except for randomly shifting the vertex positions. This shift is a vec2 uniform that I set within my code's render() loop. It's declared in my vertex shader as uniform vec2 u_random. I have two different kind of Sprites -- let's called them SpriteA and SpriteB. Both are drawn within the same SpriteBatch's begin()/end() calls. Prior to drawing each sprite in my scene, I check the type of the sprite. If sprite instance of SpriteA: I set the uniform u_random value to Vector2.Zero, meaning that I don't want any vertex changes for it. If sprite instance of SpriteB, I set the uniform u_random to Vector2(MathUtils.random(), MathUtils.random(). The expected behavior was that all the SpriteA objects in my scene won't experience any jittering, while all SpriteB objects would be jittering about their positions. However, what I'm experiencing is that both SpriteA and SpriteB are jittering, leading me to believe that the u_random uniform is not actually being set per Sprite, and being applied to all sprites. What is the reason for this? And how can I fix this such that the vertex shader correctly accepts the uniform value set to affect each sprite individually? passthrough.vsh attribute vec4 a_color; attribute vec3 a_position; attribute vec2 a_texCoord0; uniform mat4 u_projTrans; uniform vec2 u_random; varying vec4 v_color; varying vec2 v_texCoord; void main() { v_color = a_color; v_texCoord = a_texCoord0; vec3 temp_position = vec3( a_position.x + u_random.x, a_position.y + u_random.y, a_position.z); gl_Position = u_projTrans * vec4(temp_position, 1.0); } Java Code this.batch.begin(); this.batch.setShader(shader); for (Sprite sprite : sprites) { Vector2 v = Vector2.Zero; if (sprite instanceof SpriteB) { v.x = MathUtils.random(-1, 1); v.y = MathUtils.random(-1, 1); } shader.setUniformf("u_random", v); sprite.draw(this.batch); } this.batch.end();

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• Transparent JPanel, Canvas background in JFrame

  - by Andy Tyurin

  I wanna make canvas background and add some elements on top of it. For this goal I made JPanel as transparent container with setOpaque(false) and added it as first of JFrame container, then I added canvas with black background (in future I wanna set animation) to JFrame as second element. But I can't undestand why i see grey background, not a black. Any suggestions? public class Game extends JFrame { public Container container; //Game container with components public Canvas backgroundLayer; //Background layer of a game public JPanel elementsLayer; //elements panel (top of backgroundLayer), holds different elements private Dimension startGameDimension = new Dimension(800,600); //start game dimension public Game() { //init main window super("Astra LaserForces"); setSize(startGameDimension); setBackground(Color.CYAN); container=getContentPane(); container.setLayout(null); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //init jpanel elements layer elementsLayer=new JPanel(); elementsLayer.setSize(startGameDimension); elementsLayer.setBackground(Color.BLUE); elementsLayer.setOpaque(false); container.add(elementsLayer); //init canvas background layer backgroundLayer = new Canvas(); backgroundLayer.setSize(startGameDimension); backgroundLayer.setBackground(Color.BLACK); //set default black color container.add(backgroundLayer); } //start game public void start() { setVisible(true); } //create new instance of game and start it public static void main(String[] args) { new Game().start(); } }

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• How do I simplify a 2D game grid for level management while keeping its by-pixel features?

  - by Eric Thoma

  (I cross-posted this from StackOverflow as this seems to be a more appropriate forum. I've looked around a little here and I did not find an answer, so I hope this is not a recurring question.) This is a question dealing with 2D world design. I am playing around by creating a 2D bird's eye view shooter game, and I am looking to make the game sleek and advanced. I hope to be able to write physics so projectiles have momentum and knock-down properties. I am immediately running into the problem of world design. I need a way to have level files that store everything there is about a game. This is easiest by just having a grid of objects. But there are thin-walls and other objects that don't seem to fit into a traditional cell of a grid. I want to be able to fit all these together so I can streamline level design; so I don't have to put in the exact pixel-specific start and end of a wall. There doesn't seem to be an obvious translation from level file to game without forcing myself into a pacman-life scenario, meaning a scenario where the game feels boxy and discrete. There is a contrast between the smoothly (relatively) moving characters and finite jumps in a grid. I would appreciate an answer that would describe implementation options or point me to resources that do. I would also appreciate references to sites that teach game design. The language I am using is Java (although I would love to use C or C++, but I can never find convenient resources in those languages). Thank you for any answers. Please leave any questions in the space below; I will be able to answer them later tonight (28th Nov).

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• How can I write data to a file that users can't easily edit?

  - by ThePlan

  While working on game saving and loading I figured I could just write all the variable values to a file and then load that file from it's default location anytime. However from the very beginning it sounded like an odd job. I know about serialization and boost, but that seems so complicated, I figured I'd keep it simple, but I've ran across this huge issue: No matter what file I can write with C++, the user can get their hands on it, they can edit their position, they can remove a boss, or add new weapons for themselves. My question here is: How can I create a file in C++ which cannot be editted or openned with a text editor such as Notepad (I'm not trying to make a file which is impossible to open, but a file which will give the user a headache if he tries to edit it through usual methods.)

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• What is the recommended way to output values to FBO targets? (OpenGL 3.3 + GLSL 330)

  - by datSilencer

  I'll begin by apologizing for any dumb assumptions you might find in the code below since I'm still pretty much green when it comes to OpenGL programming. I'm currently trying to implement deferred shading by using FBO's and their associated targets (textures in my case). I have a simple (I think :P) geometry+fragment shader program and I'd like to write its Fragment Shader stage output to three different render targets (previously bound by a call to glDrawBuffers()), like so: #version 330 in vec3 WorldPos0; in vec2 TexCoord0; in vec3 Normal0; in vec3 Tangent0; layout(location = 0) out vec3 WorldPos; layout(location = 1) out vec3 Diffuse; layout(location = 2) out vec3 Normal; uniform sampler2D gColorMap; uniform sampler2D gNormalMap; vec3 CalcBumpedNormal() { vec3 Normal = normalize(Normal0); vec3 Tangent = normalize(Tangent0); Tangent = normalize(Tangent - dot(Tangent, Normal) * Normal); vec3 Bitangent = cross(Tangent, Normal); vec3 BumpMapNormal = texture(gNormalMap, TexCoord0).xyz; BumpMapNormal = 2 * BumpMapNormal - vec3(1.0, 1.0, -1.0); vec3 NewNormal; mat3 TBN = mat3(Tangent, Bitangent, Normal); NewNormal = TBN * BumpMapNormal; NewNormal = normalize(NewNormal); return NewNormal; } void main() { WorldPos = WorldPos0; Diffuse = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; Normal = CalcBumpedNormal(); } If my render target textures are configured as: RT1:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0) RT2:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1) RT3:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE2, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2) And assuming that each texture has an internal format capable of contaning the incoming data, will the fragment shader write the corresponding values to the expected texture targets? On a related note, do the textures need to be bound to the OpenGL context when they are Multiple Render Targets? From some Googling, I think there are two other ways to output to MRTs: 1: Output each component to gl_FragData[n]. Some forum posts say this method is deprecated. However, looking at the latest OpenGL 3.3 and 4.0 specifications at opengl.org, the core profiles still mention this approach. 2: Use a typed output array variable for the expected type. In this case, I think it would be something like this: out vec3 [3] output; void main() { output[0] = WorldPos0; output[1] = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; output[2] = CalcBumpedNormal(); } So which is then the recommended approach? Is there a recommended approach at all if I plan to code on top of OpenGL 3.3? Thanks for your time and help!

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• XNA 4: RenderTarget2D textures getting transparent on fullscreen

  - by Shashwat

  I'm generating a Texture2D object using RenderTarget2D as in the following code public static Texture2D GetTextTexture(string text, Vector2 position, SpriteFont font, Color foreColor, Color backColor, Texture2D background=null) { int width = (int)font.MeasureString(text).X; int height = (int)font.MeasureString(text).Y; GraphicsDevice device = Settings.game.GraphicsDevice; SpriteBatch spriteBatch = Settings.game.spriteBatch; RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(device, width, height, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, device.PresentationParameters.MultiSampleCount, RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents); device.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); device.Clear(backColor); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque); if (background != null) spriteBatch.Draw(background, new Rectangle(0, 0, 70, 70), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, text, position, foreColor, 0, new Vector2(0), 0.8f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); spriteBatch.End(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); ResetGraphicsDeviceSettings(); return (Texture2D)renderTarget; } It's working all fine. But when I ToggleFullScreen() (and vice-versa), the previous textures are getting transparent. However, the new textures after that are being generated correctly. What can be the reason for this?

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• GLSL per pixel lighting with custom light type

  - by Justin

  Ok, I am having a big problem here. I just got into GLSL yesterday, so the code will be terrible, I'm sure. Basically, I am attempting to make a light that can be passed into the fragment shader (for learning purposes). I have four input values: one for the position of the light, one for the color, one for the distance it can travel, and one for the intensity. I want to find the distance between the light and the fragment, then calculate the color from there. The code I have gives me a simply gorgeous ring of light that get's twisted and widened as the matrix is modified. I love the results, but it is not even close to what I am after. I want the light to be moved with all of the vertices, so it is always in the same place in relation to the objects. I can easily take it from there, but getting that to work seems to be impossible with my current structure. Can somebody give me a few pointers (pun not intended)? Vertex shader: attribute vec4 position; attribute vec4 color; attribute vec2 textureCoordinates; varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; void main() { vec4 ECposition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; vec3 tnorm = normalize(vec3 (gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal)); fposition = ftransform(); gl_Position = fposition; gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; fposition = ECposition; lightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0) * gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; lightDistance = 5.0; lightIntensity = 1.0; lightColor = vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); } Fragment shader: varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; uniform sampler2D texture; void main() { float l_distance = sqrt((gl_FragCoord.x * lightPosition.x) + (gl_FragCoord.y * lightPosition.y) + (gl_FragCoord.z * lightPosition.z)); float l_value = lightIntensity / (l_distance / lightDistance); vec4 l_color = vec4(l_value * lightColor.r, l_value * lightColor.g, l_value * lightColor.b, l_value * lightColor.a); vec4 color; color = texture2D(texture, gl_TexCoord[0].st); gl_FragColor = l_color * color; //gl_FragColor = fposition; }

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• Should I use float, double, or decimal for stats, position, etc?

  - by Ryan Peschel

  The problem with float and double is that they are not exact. If you are to do something like store replays, the values would have to be exact. The problems with decimal is that they are approximately 16x slower (confirmed by searching and personal testing) than floats and doubles. Couldn't Vector2s be another problem because they use floats internally for all the components? How do other games solve this problem? I'm sure they must use floats and doubles but aren't they not deterministic across platforms and different architecture? The replay files for games like SC2 run in a linear fashion so you cannot skip ahead so how do they solve the determinism issue with floating point numbers?

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• LWJGL GL_QUADS texture artifact

  - by Dajgoro Labinac

  I managed to get working lwjgl in Java, and i loaded a test image(tv test card), but i keep getting weird artifacts outside the image. Image link: http://tinypic.com/r/vhv9g/6 Code: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2i(10, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2i(500, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2i(500, 500); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2i(10, 500); glEnd(); What could be the cause?

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• Information about rendering, batches, the graphical card, performance etc. + XNA?

  - by Aidiakapi

  I know the title is a bit vague but it's hard to describe what I'm really looking for, but here goes. When it comes to CPU rendering, performance is mostly easy to estimate and straightforward, but when it comes to the GPU due to my lack of technical background information, I'm clueless. I'm using XNA so it'd be nice if theory could be related to that. So what I actually wanna know is, what happens when and where (CPU/GPU) when you do specific draw actions? What is a batch? What influence do effects, projections etc have? Is data persisted on the graphics card or is it transferred over every step? When there's talk about bandwidth, are you talking about a graphics card internal bandwidth, or the pipeline from CPU to GPU? Note: I'm not actually looking for information on how the drawing process happens, that's the GPU's business, I'm interested on all the overhead that precedes that. I'd like to understand what's going on when I do action X, to adapt my architectures and practices to that. Any articles (possibly with code examples), information, links, tutorials that give more insight in how to write better games are very much appreciated. Thanks :)

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• HTML5 - check if font has loaded

  - by espais

  At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in? Edit - I'll expand the question, because I hadn't taken the first comment into account. What would the proper method of handling this be in the case that a user has disabled custom fonts?

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