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• How do I produce "enjoyably" random, as opposed to pseudo-random?

  - by Hilton Campbell

  I'm making a game which presents a number of different kinds of puzzles in sequence. I choose each puzzle with a pseudorandom number. For each puzzle, there are a number of variations. I choose the variation with another pseudorandom number. And so on. The thing is, while this produces near-true randomness, this isn't what the player really wants. The player typically wants what they perceive to be and identify as random, but only if it doesn't tend to repeat puzzles. So, not really random. Just unpredictable. Giving it some thought, I can imagine hacky ways of doing it. For example, temporarily eliminating the most recent N choices from the set of possibilities when selecting a new choice. Or assigning every choice an equal probability, reducing a choice's probability to zero on selection, and then increasing all probabilities slowly with each selection. I assume there's an established way of doing this, but I just don't know the terminology so I can't find it. Anyone know? Or has anyone solved this in a pleasing way?

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• Help comparing Cocos2d and Unity3d for this project [closed]

  - by Omega

  I will not go into details, but I would like to hear your opinions about this: Essentially, my project will be a 2d game, with lots of complex levels, where some might be simple and others might be a bit more deep, with physics, etc. We want to implement our very own online structure: logging in, leaderboards, achievements, friends etc with our own servers. This means no OpenFeint nor GameCenter at all. We expect this game to be very large in both graphics and audio. We wish to use in-app purchases. Now, we considered two options. Cocos2d and Unity3d. We need help deciding using the factors I mentioned before (networking, good performance even for a large game in terms of graphics and audio like this, in-app purchases, etc) which option would fit better this? Technically, both options can create 2d games. I'd like to hear your opinion.

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• 3D open source physics engine suitable for mobile platforms (Android and iOS)

  - by lukeluke

  I have made some research and found that bullet, ode, newton and some others are open source physics engines that should be portable enough (but I have never tried to comile/use anyone of them on phones). I am writing my games for mobile platforms in C++, so the engine should be C or C++. I need a fast engine, since mobile platforms have limited resources. I need a free engine. A good design would be nice to have too. What engine is best suited for my task? What I really would like to hear from you is your direct experience. Documentation and support (for example, forum or an IRC channel) is a really important aspect to take into consideration.

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• Unable to create suitable graphics device?

  - by kraze

  I've been following the Eye of the Dragon tutorial, which is basicly a guide to making a 2D RPG game, obviously. I recently finished the tutorial about making pop up screens in the menu and changed the screen to load as a full screen. Whenever I try and load the game it just goes black and my mouse sits there. I cannot change out of it other then with CtrlAltDel. Once i do that it says No suitable graphics card found, unable to create graphics device. I read somewhere about XNA not allowing more then one screen when any one of them is full screen. but it wasnt very informative. Anyone have any ideas whats going on and/or how to fix this? Just incase if this helps this is the code for the graphics device: public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 900; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 768; graphics.IsFullScreen = true; this.Window.Title = "Eyes of the Dragon"; Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; }

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• How can I tweak this A* search pathfinding algorithm to handle different terrain movement values?

  - by user422318

  I'm creating a 2D map-based action game with similar interaction design as Diablo II. In other words, the player clicks around a map to move their player. I just finished player movement and am moving on to pathfinding. In the game, enemies should charge the player's character. There are also five different terrain types that give different movement bonuses. I want the AI to take advantage of these terrain bonuses as they try to reach the player. I was told to check out the A* search algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm). I'm doing this game in HTML5 and JavaScript, and found a version in JavaScript: http://www.briangrinstead.com/blog/astar-search-algorithm-in-javascript I'm trying to figure out how to tweak it though. Below are my ideas about what I need to change. What else do I need to worry about? When I create a graph, I will need to initialize the 2D array I pass in passed on with a traversal of a map that corresponds to the different terrain types. in graph.js: "GraphNodeType" definition needs to be modified to handle the 5 terrain types. There will be no walls. in astar.js: The g and h scoring will need to be modified. How should I do this? in astar.js: isWall() should probably be removed. My game doesn't have walls. in astar.js: I'm not sure what this is. I think it indicates a node that isn't valid to be processed. When would this happen, though? At a high level, how do I change this algorithm from "oh, is there a wall there?" to "will this terrain get me to the player faster than the terrain around me?" Because of time, I'm also debating reusing my Bresenham algorithm for the enemies. Unfortunately, the different terrain movement bonuses won't be used by the AI, which will make the game suck. :/ I'd really like to have this in for the prototype, but I'm not a developer by trade nor am I a computer scientist. :D If you know of any code that does what I'm looking for, please share! Sanity check tips for this are also appreciated.

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• Crash when using datablocks

  - by scorcher24

  I have really throughly searched the net and could not find any solution for this so I ask for help here. Anyway, I have this datablock in datablocks.cs: datablock t2dSceneObjectDatablock(EnemyShipConfig) { canSaveDynamicFields = "1"; Layer = "3"; size = "64 64"; CollisionActiveSend = "1"; CollisionActiveReceive = "1"; CollisionCallback = true; CollisionLayers = "3"; CollisionDetectionMode = "POLYGON"; CollisionPolyList = "0.00 -0.791 0.756 0.751 -0.746 0.732"; UsesPhysics = "0"; Rotation = "-90"; WorldLimitMode = "KILL"; WorldLimitMax = "880 360"; WorldLimitMin = "-765 -436"; minFireRate = "2000"; maxFireRate = "1200"; laserSpeed = "800"; minSpeed = "100"; maxSpeed = "150"; }; This is an exact reproduction of an object that I have manually edited in the editor. So far, I just used clone() to get as many enemies as I need, while it was out of sight. It is a r-type style shooter, so I need a variable amount of enemies. Since clone() spams my log, I decided to use datablocks, since it is also more flexible. That's what I get when I use clone(): Con::execute - 0 has no namespace: onRemoveFromScene However, once spawning begins, my game freezes and crashes: function SpawnEnemy() { //%spawnedEnemy = EnemyShipMaster.clone(true); %spawnedEnemy = new t2dStaticSprite() { class = "EnemyShip"; sceneGraph = $global_sceneGraph; datablock = "EnemyShipConfig"; imageMap = "starshipImageMap"; layer = 3; }; %speed = getRandom(%spawnedEnemy.minSpeed, %spawnedEnemy.maxSpeed); %y = getRandom(-320, 320); // Set Properties %spawnedEnemy.setPositionX(700); %spawnedEnemy.setPositionY(%y); %spawnedEnemy.setVisible(true); %spawnedEnemy.setLinearVelocityX( -%speed ); %spawnedEnemy.setTimerOn( getRandom( %spawnedEnemy.maxFireRate, %spawnedEnemy.minFireRate ) ); } // Definition of $global_sceneGraph from game.cs: $global_sceneGraph = sceneWindow2D.loadLevel(%level); As I said, it works fine when I use clone() (which is commented out here), but my log gets spammed. I really hope someone can shed some light for me, this is driving me crazy.

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• What's wrong with this OpenGL model picking code?

  - by openglNewbie

  I am making simple model viewer using OpenGL. When I want to pick an object OpenGL returns nothing or an object that is in another place. This is my code: GLuint buff[1024] = {0}; GLint hits,view[4]; glSelectBuffer(1024,buff); glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, view); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPushMatrix(); glLoadIdentity(); gluPickMatrix(x,y,1.0,1.0,view); gluPerspective(45,(float)view[2]/(float)view[4],1.0,1500.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glRenderMode(GL_SELECT); glLoadIdentity(); //I make the same transformations for normal render glTranslatef(0, 0, -zoom); glMultMatrixf(transform.M); glInitNames(); glPushName(-1); for(int j=0;j<allNodes.size();j++) { glLoadName(allNodes.at(j)->id); allNodes.at(j)->Draw(textures); } glPopName(); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPopMatrix(); hits = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER);

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• Setting uniform value of a vertex shader for different sprites in a SpriteBatch

  - by midasmax

  I'm using libGDX and currently have a simple shader that does a passthrough, except for randomly shifting the vertex positions. This shift is a vec2 uniform that I set within my code's render() loop. It's declared in my vertex shader as uniform vec2 u_random. I have two different kind of Sprites -- let's called them SpriteA and SpriteB. Both are drawn within the same SpriteBatch's begin()/end() calls. Prior to drawing each sprite in my scene, I check the type of the sprite. If sprite instance of SpriteA: I set the uniform u_random value to Vector2.Zero, meaning that I don't want any vertex changes for it. If sprite instance of SpriteB, I set the uniform u_random to Vector2(MathUtils.random(), MathUtils.random(). The expected behavior was that all the SpriteA objects in my scene won't experience any jittering, while all SpriteB objects would be jittering about their positions. However, what I'm experiencing is that both SpriteA and SpriteB are jittering, leading me to believe that the u_random uniform is not actually being set per Sprite, and being applied to all sprites. What is the reason for this? And how can I fix this such that the vertex shader correctly accepts the uniform value set to affect each sprite individually? passthrough.vsh attribute vec4 a_color; attribute vec3 a_position; attribute vec2 a_texCoord0; uniform mat4 u_projTrans; uniform vec2 u_random; varying vec4 v_color; varying vec2 v_texCoord; void main() { v_color = a_color; v_texCoord = a_texCoord0; vec3 temp_position = vec3( a_position.x + u_random.x, a_position.y + u_random.y, a_position.z); gl_Position = u_projTrans * vec4(temp_position, 1.0); } Java Code this.batch.begin(); this.batch.setShader(shader); for (Sprite sprite : sprites) { Vector2 v = Vector2.Zero; if (sprite instanceof SpriteB) { v.x = MathUtils.random(-1, 1); v.y = MathUtils.random(-1, 1); } shader.setUniformf("u_random", v); sprite.draw(this.batch); } this.batch.end();

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• Game getting progressively laggier?

  - by Valentin Krummenacher

  I have a small game in HTML5 that uses socket.io to communicate with a node.js server. Now my problem is that, eversince I did my last update on it it seems to have something "chunk up" in the background making it laggier and laggier the longer it runs. In the update were a few temporary local variables being defined with var(you know, variables that are only used during one function and then not needed anymore) alongside with alot of other changes, and I am not even sure if this update or something else is causing this. Might the "var" have caused it? Or what other reasons might this strange complication have?

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• Android - Multiplayer Game - Client / Server - Java etc

  - by user1405328

  I must write a multiplayer pong game for the school. Where are thousand of rooms and where two players can go in to a room and play together and collect points. I programmed the Pong game using Java (LibGDX). How can I do the Network part. I searched the web. And I came across Kryonet. Is there something better? What should I google. On the Internet there are a lot of those questions. And no good answers. I hope that this most questions can be answered. If someone has actual Open Source network game links, tutorials, books, network tutorial, etc. All this would help everyone. Thank you.

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• XNA Framework HiDef profile requires TextureFilter to be Point when using texture format Vector4

  - by danbystrom

  Beginner question. Synopsis: my water effects does something that causes the drawing of my sky sphere to throw an exeption when run in full screen. The exception is: XNA Framework HiDef profile requires TextureFilter to be Point when using texture format Vector4. This happens both when I start in full screen directly or switch to full screen from windowed. It does NOT happen, however, if I comment out the drawing of my water. So, what in my water effect can possibly cause the drawing of my sky sphere to choke???

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• ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND

  - by Telanor

  I've stared at this for at least half an hour now and I cannot figure out what directx is complaining about. I know this error normally means you put float3 instead of a float4 or something like that, but I've checked over and over and as far as I can tell, everything matches. This is the full error message: D3D11: ERROR: ID3D11DeviceContext::DrawIndexed: Input Assembler - Vertex Shader linkage error: Signatures between stages are incompatible. The input stage requires Semantic/Index (COLOR,0) as input, but it is not provided by the output stage. [ EXECUTION ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND ] This is the vertex shader's input signature as seen in PIX: // Input signature: // // Name Index Mask Register SysValue Format Used // -------------------- ----- ------ -------- -------- ------ ------ // POSITION 0 xyz 0 NONE float xyz // NORMAL 0 xyz 1 NONE float // COLOR 0 xyzw 2 NONE float The HLSL structure looks like this: struct VertexShaderInput { float3 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float4 Color: COLOR0; }; The input layout, from PIX, is: The C# structure holding the data looks like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PositionColored { public static int SizeInBytes = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(PositionColored)); public static InputElement[] InputElements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("NORMAL", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0) }; Vector3 position; Vector3 normal; Vector4 color; #region Properties ... #endregion public PositionColored(Vector3 position, Vector3 normal, Vector4 color) { this.position = position; this.normal = normal; this.color = color; } public override string ToString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(base.ToString()); sb.Append(" Position="); sb.Append(position); sb.Append(" Color="); sb.Append(Color); return sb.ToString(); } } SizeInBytes comes out to 40, which is correct (4*3 + 4*3 + 4*4 = 40). Can anyone find where the mistake is?

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• Acceleration Based Player Movement

  - by Mike Sawayda

  Ok, so I am making a first person shooter game and I am currently working on movement that looks and feels good. I want to incorporate acceleration based movement for the player so that he has to accelerate to max speed and decelerate to minimum speed. Acceleration will happen when you have the key pressed and deceleration will happen when you let go of that key. The problem is that there are some instances where you switch from moving forward to moving backward where no deceleration is needed because you could potentially be moving at double speed in the reverse if you did. Does anyone have a good implementation of how to accomplish acceleration based movement that works well?

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• How can I support scrolling when using batched rendering for my tiles?

  - by dardanel

  I have tiled map 100*75 and tiles are 32*32 pixel.I want to use batching for performance .I don't figure it out , because of my game needs scrolling and every frame i draw 22*16 tiles (my screen is 20*16 tile) .I thought that batching tiles for every frame .Is it good or any suggestion? edit :to more clarify I want to use occlusion culling and batching at the same time.I thought that drawing only visible areas and batching them together .But there is a something i couldn't figure out .When scrolling screen with translate matrix , if one row become invisible , I bind new row and batch them again.Every batched objects needs to buffer again.So I batch tiles and buffer to VBO every time when one row become invisible .I don't know these way is efficient or not .This is my question .And i am open to any suggestions.

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• Cheat implementation

  - by user5925

  I have added an interface to input cheats, and of course the backend of this. Current cheats include: unlimited health unlimited time faster movement no need to use keys (i have a door/key system) triple firing lasers (normally there is only one) grenades (changes your weapon to grenades) But the question is, how will i tell the user the cheat codes? Normally cheats would be sold by the programmer, but this isn't that sort of game currently!

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• Is it only possible to display 64k vertices on the monitor with 16bit?

  - by Aufziehvogel

  I did the first 3D tutorial over at riemers.net and stumbled upon that my graphic card only supports Shader 2.0 (Reach profile in XNA) which means I can only use Int16 to store the indices (triangle to vertex). This means that I can only store 2^16 = 65536 vertices. Also I read on the internet that you should prefer 16-bit over 32-bit because not all hardware (like mine) does support 32-bit. Yet, I am wondering: Do really all game scenes get along with only so little vertices? I though already faces of people used a lot of polygons (which are made up of vertices?). It’s not relevant for me yet, but I am interested: Do game scenes use only 65536 vertices? Do you use some trade-off to display more (e.g. 64k in GPU buffer rest on RAM) Is there some method to get more into the GPU buffer? I already read on some other posts that there seems to be a limit of 64k per mesh too, so maybe you can compact stuff to meshes?

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• Need an engine for MMO mockup

  - by Kayle

  What I don't need is an MMORPG engine, at the moment. What I do need is a flexible easy-to-use engine that I can make a mock-up with. I don't need support for more than 10 players in an instance, so any multiplayer platform is probably fine. I need an engine with which I can create the following core features: Waves of simple AI enemies that have specific objectives (move to point A, destroy target, move to point B). The units present can be between 50-200 in number. An over-the-shoulder view and the ability to control a team of 3 (like Mass Effect or the latest Dragon Age) Functioning inventory system Right now, all I can really think of is Unreal or Source. Any other suggestions? Again, this is a proving mock-up, not an actual MMO. I'm not terribly worried about the visual aspects as we just want to test mechanics. Note: Can write some scripts in Python, Ruby, or Lua, if necessary.

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• Java 2D World question

  - by Munkybunky

  I have a 2D world background made up of a Grid of graphics, which I display on screen with a viewport (800x600) and it all works. My question is I have the following code to convert the mouse co-ordinates to world co-ordinates then World co-ordinates to grid co-ordinates then grid co-ordinates to screen co-ordinates. //Add camerax to mouse screen co-ords to convert to world co-ords. int cursorx_world=(int)camerax+(int)GameInput.mousex; int cursorx_grid=(int)cursorx_world/blocksize; // World Co-ords / gridsize give grid co-ords int cursorx_screen=-(int)camerax+(cursorx_grid*blocksize); So is there anyway I can convert straight from mouse screen co-ords to screen co-ordinates?

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• What resources do I need to start developing games? [on hold]

  - by Matt

  I'm in a unique situation here. I'm only just now a sophomore in high school and I've had a passion for gaming and technology since I was a child. I picked up python at age 9 and have learned 3 other languages since then. I never was good at art or such things, but I can imagine amazing logic devices to carry out game elements I would like to try. I've been researching and finding very vague advice on what needs to be present in order for me to develop. I've attempted at many things, but they never become more than a text-based mess. What education in specific would I need to advance in the game industry? Workflows are never clear to me. I've watched videos on Valve, Zenimax, and many others on how to get from an idea to a product. I've never gotten a finished product, but I've always had the idea clearly in my head.

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• Algorithm for procedural city generation?

  - by Zove Games

  I am planning on making a (simple) procedural city generator using Java. I need ideas on whan algorithm to use for the layout, and the actual buildings. The city will mostly have skyscrapers, not really much complex stuff. For the layout I already have a simple algorithm implemented: Create a Map with java.awt.Point keys and Integer values. Fill it with all the points in the city's bounds with the value as -1 (unnassigned) Shuffle the map, and assign the 1st 10 of the keys IDs (from 1-10) Loop until all points have IDs: Loop though all points: Assign points next to an assigned point IDs of the point next to them, if 2 or more points border the point, then randomly choose which ID the point will get. You will end up with 10 random regions. Make roads bordering these regions. Fill the inside of each region with a randomly spaced and randomly rotated grid PROBLEM: This is not the fastest way to do it. What algorithm should I use for the layout. And what should I use to make each building's design? I don't even know how I'm going to do that yet (fractals maybe). I just need some ideas, not actual code.

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• What is the standard way of delivering HTML5 games to portals and such?

  - by Bane

  Let me explain what I mean by "standard way of delivering"... Think about Flash games sites. Flash games can be delivered as a single file, either hosted by the site, or, I guess, provided by someone else. HTML5 games, on the other hand, don't have something so standard. Usually, they have their own page, and portals just link to that page. I think that it greatly hinders the purpose of that portal, because, well, you want people to stay on your site and look for other games. Now, I think that a some kind of iframe way of delivering games would help solve this problem greatly. I saw some games doing that, and they were often included on tutorial sites to show a live example, which is obviously a great thing. So, is there a standard at all? Any suggestions? Can you create a game that just preloads itself in an iframe (I heard something about a "single document" or something)?

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• How to create Button/Switch-Like Tile where you can step on it and change its value?

  - by aldroid16

  If the player step on Button-Tile when its true, it become false. If the player step on Button-Tile when its false, it become true. The problem is, when the player stand on (intersect) the Button-Tile, it will keep updating the condition. So, from true, it become false. Because its false and player intersect on it, it become true again. True-false-true-false and so on. I use ElapsedGameTime to make the updating process slower, and player can have a chance to change the Button to true or false. However, its not a solution I was looking for. Is there any other way to make it keep in False/True condition while the Player standing on it (The Button tile) ?

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• HTML5 platformer collision detection problem

  - by fnx

  I'm working on a 2D platformer game, and I'm having a lot of trouble with collision detection. I've looked trough some tutorials, questions asked here and Stackoverflow, but I guess I'm just too dumb to understand what's wrong with my code. I've wanted to make simple bounding box style collisions and ability to determine on which side of the box the collision happens, but no matter what I do, I always get some weird glitches, like the player gets stuck on the wall or the jumping is jittery. You can test the game here: Platform engine test. Arrow keys move and z = run, x = jump, c = shoot. Try to jump into the first pit and slide on the wall. Here's the collision detection code: function checkCollisions(a, b) { if ((a.x > b.x + b.width) || (a.x + a.width < b.x) || (a.y > b.y + b.height) || (a.y + a.height < b.y)) { return false; } else { handleCollisions(a, b); return true; } } function handleCollisions(a, b) { var a_top = a.y, a_bottom = a.y + a.height, a_left = a.x, a_right = a.x + a.width, b_top = b.y, b_bottom = b.y + b.height, b_left = b.x, b_right = b.x + b.width; if (a_bottom + a.vy > b_top && distanceBetween(a_bottom, b_top) + a.vy < distanceBetween(a_bottom, b_bottom)) { a.topCollision = true; a.y = b.y - a.height + 2; a.vy = 0; a.canJump = true; } else if (a_top + a.vy < b_bottom && distanceBetween(a_top, b_bottom) + a.vy < distanceBetween(a_top, b_top)) { a.bottomCollision = true; a.y = b.y + b.height; a.vy = 0; } else if (a_right + a.vx > b_left && distanceBetween(a_right, b_left) < distanceBetween(a_right, b_right)) { a.rightCollision = true; a.x = b.x - a.width - 3; //a.vx = 0; } else if (a_left + a.vx < b_right && distanceBetween(a_left, b_right) < distanceBetween(a_left, b_left)) { a.leftCollision = true; a.x = b.x + b.width + 3; //a.vx = 0; } } function distanceBetween(a, b) { return Math.abs(b-a); }

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• Calculating angle between 2 vectors

  - by Error 454

  I am working on some movement AI where there are no obstacles and movement is restricted to the XY plane. I am calculating 2 vectors: v - the direction of ship 1 w - the vector pointing from the position of ship 1 to ship 2 I am then calculating the angle between these two vectors using the standard formula: arccos( v . w / ( |v| |w| ) ) The problem I'm having is the nature of arccos only returning values between 0 and 180. This makes it impossible to determine whether I should turn left or right to face the other ship. Is there a better way to do this?

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• Is it a good idea to make a game for one aspect ratio and arbitrary screen resolution?

  - by Mimars

  After several very small games I have decided to make something more standalone (2D) and playable. However, I have met the problem of every game that is going to be played in more screen resolutions. Basically, after some research I see that there are several solutions. This seems to be the simplest one: Let's say I define a constant aspect ratio for the game (16:9) and the whole game will be created for a resolution 1680 x 1050. The game will be rendered in this resolution and then I will be able to scale the render to match the player's display resolution. Therefore the game might be playable on almost any resolution, while it would keep the aspect ratio. So, if the game was run on 4:3 display, the top and the bottom of the display would be filled with black color. It seems easy, but my question is - Is this a good approach for a simple game? The game will be simple, but I want to maintain high quality.

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