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• Modern Shader Book?

  - by Michael Stum

  I'm interested in learning about Shaders: What are they, when/for what would I use them, and how to use them. (Specifically I'm interested in Water and Bloom effects, but I know close to 0 about Shaders, so I need a general introduction). I saw a lot of books that are a couple of years old, so I don't know if they still apply. I'm targeting XNA 4.0 at the moment (which I believe means HLSL Shaders for Shader Model 4.0), but anything that generally targets DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4 is helpful I guess.

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• Best way to store a large amount of game objects and update the ones onscreen

  - by user3002473

  Good afternoon guys! I'm a young beginner game developer working on my first large scale game project and I've run into a situation where I'm not quite sure what the best solution may be (if there is a lone solution). The question may be vague (if anyone can think of a better title after having read the question, please edit it) or broad but I'm not quite sure what to do and I thought it would help just to discuss the problem with people more educated in the field. Before we get started, here are some of the questions I've looked at for help in the past: Best way to keep track of game objects Elegant way to simulate large amounts of entities within a game world What is the most efficient container to store dynamic game objects in? I've also read articles about different data structures commonly used in games to store game objects such as this one about slot maps, but none of them are really what I'm looking for. Also, if it helps at all I'm using Python 3 to design the game. It has to be Python 3, if I could I would use C++ or Unityscript or something else, but I'm restricted to having to use Python 3. My game will be a form of side scroller shooter game. In said game the player will traverse large rooms with large amounts of enemies and other game objects to update (think some of the larger areas in Cave Story or Iji). The player obviously can't see the entire room all at once, so there is a viewport that follows the player around and renders only a selection of the room and the game objects that it contains. This is not a foreign concept. The part that's getting me confused has to do with how certain game objects are updated. Some of them are to be updated constantly, regardless of whether or not they can be seen. Other objects however are only to be updated when they are onscreen (for example, an enemy would only be updated to react to the player when it is onscreen or when it is in a certain range of the screen). Another problem is that game objects have to be easily referable by other game objects; something that happens in the player's update() method may affect another object in the world. Collision detection in games is always a serious problem. I need a way of containing the game objects such that it minimizes the number of cases when testing for collisions against one another. The final problem is that of creating and destroying game objects. I think this problem is pretty self explanatory. To store the game objects then I've considered a number of different methods. The original method I had was to simply store all the objects in a hash table by an id. This method was simple, and decently fast as it allows all the objects to be looked up in O(1) complexity, and also allows them to be deleted fairly easily. Hash collisions would not be a major problem; I wasn't originally planning on using computer generated ids to store the game objects I was going to rely on them all using ids given to them by the game designer (such names would be strings like 'Player' or 'EnemyWeapon4'), and even if I did use computer generated ids, if I used a decent hashing algorithm then the chances of collisions would be around 1 in 4 billion. The problem with using a hash table however is that it is inefficient in checking to see what objects are in range of the viewport. Considering the fact that certain game objects move (as well as the viewport itself), the only solution I could think of in order to only update objects that are in the viewport would be to iterate through every object in the hash table and check if it is in the viewport or not, updating only the ones that are in the valid area. This would be incredibly slow in scenarios where the amount of game objects exceeds 500, or even 200. The second solution was to store everything in a 2-d list. The world is partitioned up into cells (a tilemap essentially), where each cell or tile is the same size and is square. Each cell would contain a list of the game objects that are currently occupying it (each game object would be inserted into a cell depending on the center of the object's collision mask). A 2-d list would allow me to take the top-left and bottom-right corners of the viewport and easily grab a rectangular area of the grid containing only the cells containing entities that are in valid range to be updated. This method also solves the problem of collision detection; when I take an entity I can find the cell that it is currently in, then check only against entities in it's cell and the 8 cells around it. One problem with this system however is that it prohibits easy lookup of game objects. One solution I had would be to simultaneously keep a hash table that would contain all the positions of the objects in the 2-d list indexed by the id of said object. The major problem with a 2-d list is that it would need to be rebuilt every single game frame (along with the hash table of object positions), which may be a serious detriment to game speed. Both systems have ups and downs and seem to solve some of each other's problems, however using them both together doesn't seem like the best solution either. If anyone has any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, comments, opinions or solutions on new data structures or better implementations of the existing data structures I have in mind, please post, any and all criticism and help is welcome. Thanks in advance! EDIT: Please don't close the question because it has a bad title, I'm just bad with names!

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• What is the benefit of triple buffering?

  - by user782220

  I read everything written in a previous question. From what I understand in double buffering the program must wait until the finished drawing is copied or swapped before starting the next drawing. In triple buffering the program has two back buffers and can immediately start drawing in the one that is not involved in such copying. But with triple buffering if you're in a situation where you can take advantage of the third buffer doesn't that suggest that you are drawing frames faster than the monitor can refresh. So then you don't actually get a higher frame rate. So what is the benefit of triple buffering then?

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• Platformer Starter Kit - Collision Issues

  - by Cyral

  I'm having trouble with my game that is based off the XNA Platformer starter kit. My game uses smaller tiles (16x16) then the original (32x40) which I'm thinking may be having an effect on collision (Being it needs to be more precise). Standing on the edge of a tile and jumping causes the player to move off the the tile when he lands. And 80% of the time, when the player lands, he goes flying though SOLID tiles in a diagonal fashion. This is very annoying as it is almost impossible to test other features, when spawning and jumping will result in the player landing in another part of the level or falling off the edge completely. The code is as follows: /// <summary> /// Updates the player's velocity and position based on input, gravity, etc. /// </summary> public void ApplyPhysics(GameTime gameTime) { float elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Vector2 previousPosition = Position; // Base velocity is a combination of horizontal movement control and // acceleration downward due to gravity. velocity.X += movement * MoveAcceleration * elapsed; velocity.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(velocity.Y + GravityAcceleration * elapsed, -MaxFallSpeed, MaxFallSpeed); velocity.Y = DoJump(velocity.Y, gameTime); // Apply pseudo-drag horizontally. if (IsOnGround) velocity.X *= GroundDragFactor; else velocity.X *= AirDragFactor; // Prevent the player from running faster than his top speed. velocity.X = MathHelper.Clamp(velocity.X, -MaxMoveSpeed, MaxMoveSpeed); // Apply velocity. Position += velocity * elapsed; Position = new Vector2((float)Math.Round(Position.X), (float)Math.Round(Position.Y)); // If the player is now colliding with the level, separate them. HandleCollisions(); // If the collision stopped us from moving, reset the velocity to zero. if (Position.X == previousPosition.X) velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y == previousPosition.Y) velocity.Y = 0; } /// <summary> /// Detects and resolves all collisions between the player and his neighboring /// tiles. When a collision is detected, the player is pushed away along one /// axis to prevent overlapping. There is some special logic for the Y axis to /// handle platforms which behave differently depending on direction of movement. /// </summary> private void HandleCollisions() { // Get the player's bounding rectangle and find neighboring tiles. Rectangle bounds = BoundingRectangle; int leftTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Left / Tile.Width); int rightTile = (int)Math.Ceiling(((float)bounds.Right / Tile.Width)) - 1; int topTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Top / Tile.Height); int bottomTile = (int)Math.Ceiling(((float)bounds.Bottom / Tile.Height)) - 1; // Reset flag to search for ground collision. isOnGround = false; // For each potentially colliding tile, for (int y = topTile; y <= bottomTile; ++y) { for (int x = leftTile; x <= rightTile; ++x) { // If this tile is collidable, ItemCollision collision = Level.GetCollision(x, y); if (collision != ItemCollision.Passable) { // Determine collision depth (with direction) and magnitude. Rectangle tileBounds = Level.GetBounds(x, y); Vector2 depth = RectangleExtensions.GetIntersectionDepth(bounds, tileBounds); if (depth != Vector2.Zero) { float absDepthX = Math.Abs(depth.X); float absDepthY = Math.Abs(depth.Y); // Resolve the collision along the shallow axis. if (absDepthY < absDepthX || collision == ItemCollision.Platform) { // If we crossed the top of a tile, we are on the ground. if (previousBottom <= tileBounds.Top) isOnGround = true; // Ignore platforms, unless we are on the ground. if (collision == ItemCollision.Impassable || IsOnGround) { // Resolve the collision along the Y axis. Position = new Vector2(Position.X, Position.Y + depth.Y); // Perform further collisions with the new bounds. bounds = BoundingRectangle; } } else if (collision == ItemCollision.Impassable) // Ignore platforms. { // Resolve the collision along the X axis. Position = new Vector2(Position.X + depth.X, Position.Y); // Perform further collisions with the new bounds. bounds = BoundingRectangle; } } } } } // Save the new bounds bottom. previousBottom = bounds.Bottom; } It also tends to jitter a little bit sometimes, I'm solved some of this with some fixes I found here on stackexchange, But Ive only seen one other case of the flying though blocks problem. This question seems to have a similar problem in the video, but mine is more crazy. Again this is a very annoying bug! Any help would be greatly appreciated! EDIT: Speed stuff // Constants for controling horizontal movement private const float MoveAcceleration = 13000.0f; private const float MaxMoveSpeed = 1750.0f; private const float GroundDragFactor = 0.48f; private const float AirDragFactor = 0.58f; // Constants for controlling vertical movement private const float MaxJumpTime = 0.35f; private const float JumpLaunchVelocity = -3500.0f; private const float GravityAcceleration = 3400.0f; private const float MaxFallSpeed = 550.0f; private const float JumpControlPower = 0.14f;

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• How or why would this mechanic (not) work to bring game balance to a singleplayer RPG? [closed]

  - by 0xFFF1

  Mechanic details The player, the monsters, and the merchants act as three separate parties. The player needs to beat up monsters for exp points and resources to sell and to buy potions from merchants to continue to fight. The monsters need healing and reviving to survive (also bought from merchants) and the merchants need potion ingredients from the player and the monsters to make potions to sell. These potions are only able to be processed in such bulk by merchants thus their potions would be cheaper than making them yourself. Only the monsters can farm ingredients in bulk. Only the player is or has to be overly aggressive (in bulk). Monsters can farm and produce "Level up candies" that do the work of exp. they are eaten right away after they are made and are never stockpiled or held for fear of the player and merchants who want to sell to the player. The monsters will defend themselves. Reviving is very expensive. The merchants can be found either with a concerned expression or a grinning expression based on how much profit they are making compared to their morale standing. The economies of each monster town and merchant city are distinct but interconnected. Magic Swords are worth a lot. So what I need to know is what concerns would there be to design a game around this mechanic and/or design this mechanic around a developing game. which would fare better? Is game balance an issue here? (how strong the monsters get or how quickly they die off based on the player's input into the system), Or is game balance solely in the hands of the player? (he decides if he overkills monsters or get underleveled.) What do I need to think about to make sure it isn't too easy or too hard to swing the amount/strength of monsters compared to the player and the amount of profit the merchants get vs the player. Would indicating how out of whack things are getting in game help with this?

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• Friction not working for Vehicle in BulletPhysics

  - by Manmohan Bishnoi

  I am creating a vehicle using bullet-physics engine (v 2.82). I created a ground ( btBoxShape ), a box and a vehicle (following the demo). But friction between ground and vehicle wheels seems not working. As soon as the vehicle is placed in 3d world, it starts moving forward. START : Steering works for the vehicle, but engineForce and brakingForce does not work (i.e. I cannot speed-up or stop the vehicle) : I create physics world like this : void initPhysics() { broadphase = new btDbvtBroadphase(); collisionConfiguration = new btDefaultCollisionConfiguration(); dispatcher = new btCollisionDispatcher(collisionConfiguration); solver = new btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver(); dynamicsWorld = new btDiscreteDynamicsWorld(dispatcher, broadphase, solver, collisionConfiguration); dynamicsWorld->setGravity(btVector3(0, -9.81, 0)); // Debug Drawer bulletDebugugger.setDebugMode(btIDebugDraw::DBG_DrawWireframe); dynamicsWorld->setDebugDrawer(&bulletDebugugger); //groundShape = new btStaticPlaneShape(btVector3(0, 1, 0), 1); groundShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(50, 3, 50)); fallShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(1, 1, 1)); // Orientation and Position of Ground groundMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(0, -3, 0))); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo groundRigidBodyCI(0, groundMotionState, groundShape, btVector3(0, 0, 0)); groundRigidBody = new btRigidBody(groundRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(groundRigidBody); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vehicle Setup /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// vehicleChassisShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(1.f, 0.5f, 2.f)); vehicleBody = new btCompoundShape(); localTrans.setIdentity(); localTrans.setOrigin(btVector3(0, 1, 0)); vehicleBody->addChildShape(localTrans, vehicleChassisShape); localTrans.setOrigin(btVector3(3, 0.f, 0)); vehicleMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(localTrans); //vehicleMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(3, 0, 0))); btVector3 vehicleInertia(0, 0, 0); vehicleBody->calculateLocalInertia(vehicleMass, vehicleInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo vehicleRigidBodyCI(vehicleMass, vehicleMotionState, vehicleBody, vehicleInertia); vehicleRigidBody = new btRigidBody(vehicleRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(vehicleRigidBody); wheelShape = new btCylinderShapeX(btVector3(wheelWidth, wheelRadius, wheelRadius)); { vehicleRayCaster = new btDefaultVehicleRaycaster(dynamicsWorld); vehicle = new btRaycastVehicle(vehicleTuning, vehicleRigidBody, vehicleRayCaster); // never deactivate vehicle vehicleRigidBody->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); dynamicsWorld->addVehicle(vehicle); float connectionHeight = 1.2f; bool isFrontWheel = true; vehicle->setCoordinateSystem(rightIndex, upIndex, forwardIndex); // 0, 1, 2 // add wheels // front left btVector3 connectionPointCS0(CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, 2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); // front right connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(-CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, 2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); isFrontWheel = false; // rear right connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(-CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, -2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); // rear left connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, -2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); for (int i = 0; i < vehicle->getNumWheels(); i++) { btWheelInfo& wheel = vehicle->getWheelInfo(i); wheel.m_suspensionStiffness = suspensionStiffness; wheel.m_wheelsDampingRelaxation = suspensionDamping; wheel.m_wheelsDampingCompression = suspensionCompression; wheel.m_frictionSlip = wheelFriction; wheel.m_rollInfluence = rollInfluence; } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Orientation and Position of Falling body fallMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(-1, 5, 0))); btScalar mass = 1; btVector3 fallInertia(0, 0, 0); fallShape->calculateLocalInertia(mass, fallInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo fallRigidBodyCI(mass, fallMotionState, fallShape, fallInertia); fallRigidBody = new btRigidBody(fallRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(fallRigidBody); } I step physics world like this : // does not work vehicle->applyEngineForce(maxEngineForce, WHEEL_REARLEFT); vehicle->applyEngineForce(maxEngineForce, WHEEL_REARRIGHT); // these also do not work vehicle->setBrake(gBreakingForce, WHEEL_REARLEFT); vehicle->setBrake(gBreakingForce, WHEEL_REARRIGHT); // this works vehicle->setSteeringValue(gVehicleSteering, WHEEL_FRONTLEFT); vehicle->setSteeringValue(gVehicleSteering, WHEEL_FRONTRIGHT); dynamicsWorld->stepSimulation(1 / 60.0f, 10); However If I apply brakingForce to all 4 wheels (i.e. including WHEEL_FRONTLEFT and WHEEL_FRONTRIGHT), then my vehicle stops, but keeps sliding/moving forward very very slowly. How do I fix this ?

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• Stop map from scrolling but let player still move?

  - by ChocoMan

  I have a basic method of scrolling around on a map (moving the map instead of the player), but at when the player gets to a certain proximity to the edge, how do you stop the map from scrolling, but still allow the player to move around until it is away from that proximity? I'm not looking for any code. Just a suggestion so that I can implement it myself. I can see it visually (creating 4 boxed intersecting boundaries for the player to enter), but not sure how to come about stopping and resuming the scrolling of the map.

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• How to draw textures on a model

  - by marc wellman

  The following code is a complete XNA 3.1 program almost unaltered to that code skeleton Visual Studio is creating when creating a new project. The only things I have changed are imported a .x model to the content folder of the VS solution. (the model is a simple square with a texture spanning over it - made in Google Sketchup and exported with several .x exporters) in the Load() method I am loading the .x model into the game. The Draw() method uses a BasicEffect to render the model. Except these three things I haven't added any code. Why does the model does not show the texture ? What can I do to make the texture visible ? This is the texture file (a standard SketchUp texture from the palette): And this is what my program looks like - as you can see: No texture! Find below the complete source code of the program AND the complete .x file: namespace WindowsGame1 { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } Model newModel; /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: usse this.Content to load your game content here newModel = Content.Load<Model>(@"aau3d"); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) { meshPart.Effect = new BasicEffect(this.GraphicsDevice, null); } } } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { if (newModel != null) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[newModel.Bones.Count]; newModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.TextureEnabled = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0, 0, 0)); effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(200, 1000, 200), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), 0.75f, 1.0f, 10000.0f); } mesh.Draw(); } } base.Draw(gameTime); } } } This is the model I am using (.x): xof 0303txt 0032 // SketchUp 6 -> DirectX (c)2008 edecadoudal, supports: faces, normals and textures Material Default_Material{ 1.0;1.0;1.0;1.0;; 3.2; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; } Material _Groundcover_RiverRock_4inch_{ 0.568627450980392;0.494117647058824;0.427450980392157;1.0;; 3.2; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; TextureFilename { "aau3d.xGroundcover_RiverRock_4inch.jpg"; } } Mesh mesh_0{ 4; -81.6535;0.0000;74.8031;, -0.0000;0.0000;0.0000;, -81.6535;0.0000;0.0000;, -0.0000;0.0000;74.8031;; 2; 3;0,1,2, 3;1,0,3;; MeshMaterialList { 2; 2; 1, 1; { Default_Material } { _Groundcover_RiverRock_4inch_ } } MeshTextureCoords { 4; -2.1168,-3.4022; 1.0000,-0.0000; 1.0000,-3.4022; -2.1168,-0.0000;; } MeshNormals { 4; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000;; 2; 3;0,1,2; 3;1,0,3;; } }

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• Execute code at specific intervals, only once?

  - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen

  I am having an issue with XNA, where I want to execute some code in my Update method, but only at a given interval, and only once. I would like to avoid booleans to check if I've already called it once, if possible. My code is here: if ((gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalMilliseconds % 500) == 0) { Caret.Visible = !Caret.Visible; } As you may have guessed, it's for a TextBox control, to animate the caret between invisible and visible states. I just have reason to believe that it is called twice or maybe even 3 times in a single update-call, which is bad, and makes it look unstable and jumpy.

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• How can I create and animate 2D skeletons for HTML5 Javascript games? [on hold]

  - by user414209

  I'm trying to make a 2D fighting game in HTML5(somewhat like street fighter). So basically there are two players, one AI and one Human. The players need to have animations for the body movements. Also, there needs to be some collision detection system. I'm using createjs for coding but to design models/objects/animations, I need some other software. So I'm looking for a software that can: easily make custom animation of 2d objects. The objects structure(skeleton etc.) will be same once defined but need to be defined once. Can export the animations and models in a js readable format(preferably json) Collision detection can be done easily after the exported format is loaded in a game engine. For point 1, I'm looking for some generic skeleton based animation. Sprite-sheet based animations will be difficult for collision detection.

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• 2D Tile Map for Platformer, XML or SQLite?

  - by Stephen Tierney

  I'm developing a 2D platformer with some uni friends. We've based it upon the XNA Platformer Starter Kit which uses .txt files to store the tile map. While this is simple it does not give us enough control and flexibility with level design. I'm doing some research into whether to store level data in an XML file or in a database like SQLite. Which would be the best for this situation? Do either have any drawbacks (performance etc) compared to the other?

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• What does SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, 0) in DirectX mean?

  - by Vite Falcon

  I'm trying to convert some DirectX code to Ogre3D and was wondering what the following translates to: pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX, 0) pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE) pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_MODULATE) pDev->SetTextureStage(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, 0) What is the modulation operation happening here? Is the texture getting modulated with the background? Or is it getting zeroed? I've tried searching for what this means and unfortunately I haven't come across anything meaningful. Any help to shed light on this matter will be much appreciated.

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• OpenGL Tessellation makes point

  - by urza57

  A little problem with my tessellation shader. I try to implement a simple tessellation shader but it only makes points. Here's my vertex shader : out vec4 ecPosition; out vec3 ecNormal; void main( void ) { vec4 position = gl_Vertex; gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * position; ecPosition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * position; ecNormal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal); } My tessellation control shader : layout(vertices = 3) out; out vec4 ecPosition3[]; in vec3 ecNormal[]; in vec4 ecPosition[]; out vec3 myNormal[]; void main() { gl_out[gl_InvocationID].gl_Position = gl_in[gl_InvocationID].gl_Position; myNormal[gl_InvocationID] = ecNormal[gl_InvocationID]; ecPosition3[gl_InvocationID] = ecPosition[gl_InvocationID]; gl_TessLevelOuter[0] = float(4.0); gl_TessLevelOuter[1] = float(4.0); gl_TessLevelOuter[2] = float(4.0); gl_TessLevelInner[0] = float(4.0); } And my Tessellation Evaluation shader: layout(triangles, equal_spacing, ccw) in; in vec3 myNormal[]; in vec4 ecPosition3[]; out vec3 ecNormal; out vec4 ecPosition; void main() { float u = gl_TessCoord.x; float v = gl_TessCoord.y; float w = gl_TessCoord.z; vec3 position = vec4(gl_in[0].gl_Position.xyz * u + gl_in[1].gl_Position.xyz * v + gl_in[2].gl_Position.xyz * w ); vec3 position2 = vec4(ecPosition3[0].xyz * u + ecPosition3[1].xyz * v + ecPosition3[2].xyz * w ); vec3 normal = myNormal[0] * u + myNormal[1] * v + myNormal[2] * w ); ecNormal = normal; gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); ecPosition = vec4(position2, 1.0); } Thank you !

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• How can I perform 2D side-scroller collision checks in a tile-based map?

  - by bill

  I am trying to create a game where you have a player that can move horizontally and jump. It's kind of like Mario but it isn't a side scroller. I'm using a 2D array to implement a tile map. My problem is that I don't understand how to check for collisions using this implementation. After spending about two weeks thinking about it, I've got two possible solutions, but both of them have some problems. Let's say that my map is defined by the following tiles: 0 = sky 1 = player 2 = ground The data for the map itself might look like: 00000 10002 22022 For solution 1, I'd move the player (the 1) a complete tile and update the map directly. This make the collision easy because you can check if the player is touching the ground simply by looking at the tile directly below the player: // x and y are the tile coordinates of the player. The tile origin is the upper-left. if (grid[x][y+1] == 2){ // The player is standing on top of a ground tile. } The problem with this approach is that the player moves in discrete tile steps, so the animation isn't smooth. For solution 2, I thought about moving the player via pixel coordinates and not updating the tile map. This will make the animation much smoother because I have a smaller movement unit per frame. However, this means I can't really accurately store the player in the tile map because sometimes he would logically be between two tiles. But the bigger problem here is that I think the only way to check for collision is to use Java's intersection method, which means the player would need to be at least a single pixel "into" the ground to register collision, and that won't look good. How can I solve this problem?

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• OpenGL and gluUnProject, 3d object following mouse

  - by Robert

  i have a 3d object and i want him to "follow" my mouse position, so i use gluUnProject function to convert screen coordinates to 3d world coordinates and i translate this object with the new coordinates. Its working but i have a problem, my object can follow my mouse but he is moving extremely fast, when i move my mouse a little bit(something like 2 pixels), its moving extremly fast in the 3d world. I want something like that : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90zS8SVUAIY (red circle following mouse). Thanks for your help.

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• Question about mipmaps + anisotropic filtering

  - by Telanor

  I'm a bit confused here and maybe someone can explain this to me. I created a simple test texture for my terrain which is nothing more than a solid green color with a black grid overlayed on top of it. If I look at the terrain in the distance with mipmapping on and linear filtering, the grid lines become blurry fairly quickly and further back the grid is pretty much invisible. With these settings, I don't get any moire patterns at all. If I turn on anisotropic filtering, however, the higher the anisotropic level, the more the terrain looks like it did with without mipmapping. The lines are much crisper nearby but in the distance I start to see terrible moire patterns. My understanding was that mipmapping is supposed to get rid of moire patterns. I've always had anisotropic filtering on in every game I play and I've never noticed any moire patterns as a result, so I don't understand why it's happening in my game. I am using logarithmic depth however, could that be causing any problems? And if it is, how do I resolve it? I've created my sampler state like so (I'm using slimdx): ssa = SamplerState.FromDescription(Engine.Device, new SamplerDescription { AddressU = TextureAddressMode.Clamp, AddressV = TextureAddressMode.Clamp, AddressW = TextureAddressMode.Clamp, Filter = Filter.Anisotropic, MaximumAnisotropy = anisotropicLevel, MinimumLod = 0, MaximumLod = float.MaxValue });

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• OpenGL flickerinng near the edges

  - by Daniel

  I am trying to simulate particles moving around the scene with OpenCL for computation and OpenGL for rendering with GLUT. There is no OpenCL-OpenGL interop yet, so the drawing is done in the older fixed pipeline way. Whenever circles get close to the edges, they start to flicker. The drawing should draw a part of the circle on the top of the scene and a part on the bottom. The effect is the following: The balls you see on the bottom should be one part on the bottom and one part on the top. Wrapping around the scene, so to say, but they constantly flicker. The code for drawing them is: void Scene::drawCircle(GLuint index){ glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(pos.at(2*index),pos.at(2*index+1), 0.0f); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN); GLfloat incr = (2.0 * M_PI) / (GLfloat) slices; glColor3f(0.8f, 0.255f, 0.26f); glVertex2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); for(GLint i = 0; i <=slices; ++i){ GLfloat x = radius * sin((GLfloat) i * incr); GLfloat y = radius * cos((GLfloat) i * incr); glVertex2f(x, y); } glEnd(); } If it helps, this is the reshape method: void Scene::reshape(GLint width, GLint height){ if(0 == height) height = 1; //Prevent division by zero glViewport(0, 0, width, height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax); std::cout << xmin << " " << xmax << " " << ymin << " " << ymax << std::endl; }

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• Illumination and Shading for computer graphics class

  - by Sam I Am

  I am preparing for my test tomorrow and this is one of the practice questions. I solved it partially but I am confused with the rest. Here is the problem: Consider a gray world with no ambient and specular lighting ( only diffuse lighting). The screen coordinates of a triangle P1,P2,P3, are P1=(100,100), P2= (300,150), P3 = (200, 200). The gray values at P!,P2,P3 are 1/2, 3/4, and 1/4 respectively. The light is at infinity and its direction and gray color are (1,1,1) and 1.0 respectively. The coefficients of diffused reflection is 1/2. The normals of P1,P2,P3 are N1= (0,0,1), N2 = (1,0,0), and N3 = (0,1,0) respectively. Consider the coordinates of three points P1,P2,P3 to be 0. Do not normalize the normals. I have computed that the illumination at the 3 vertices P1,P2,P3 is (1/4,3/8,1/8). Also I computed that interpolation coefficients of a point P inside the triangle whose coordinates are (220, 160) are given by (1/5,2/5,2/5). Now I have 4 more questions regarding this problem. 1) The illumination at P using Gouraud Shading is: i) 1/2 The answer is 1/2, but I have no idea how to compute it.. 2) The interpolated normal at P is given by i) (2/5, 2/5,1/5) ii) (1/2, 1/4, 1/4) iii) (3/5, 1/5, 1/5) 3) The interpolated color at P is given by: i) 1/2 Again, I know the correct answer but no idea how to solve it 4) The illumination at P using Phong Shading is i) 1/4 ii) 9/40 iii) 1/2

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• Opening an XML in Unity3D when the game is built

  - by N0xus

  At the moment, my game can open up an XML file inside the editor when I run it. In my XMLReader.cs I'm loading in my file like so: _xmlDocument.Load(Application.dataPath + "\\HV_Settings\\Settings.xml"); This class also deals with what the XML should do once it has been read in. However, when I build the game and run the exe, this file isn't called. I know that I can store this file in the C drive, but I want to keep everything in one place so when I start to release what I'm working on, the user doesn't need to do anything. Am I doing something silly which is causing the XML not to be read?

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• What program should i use for Ludum Dare?

  - by mFontoura

  I want to participate for the first time on Ludum Dare, but i'm not confortable yet with a language to pick one for making a game on a weekend. So i was looking for a program 'gamemaker' style, just to make something for LD. I was going for Construct 2, but i use Linux and they don't have a linux version. So the alternative i use is Stencyl, witch is great and probably is what i'm going to use. However, i wanted to know if there is something similar and better for Linux. Also, if i get a computer with Win8, is it worth the trouble for Construct 2?

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• How to show a minimap in a 3d world

  - by Bubblewrap

  Got a really typical use-case here. I have large map made up of hexagons and at any given time only a small section of the map is visible. To provide an overview of the complete map, i want to show a small 2d representation of the map in a corner of the screen. What is the recommended approach for this in libgdx? Keep in mind the minimap must be updated when the currently visible section changes and when the map is updated. I've found SpriteBatch, but the warning label on it made me think twice: A SpriteBatch is a pretty heavy object so you should only ever have one in your program. I'm not sure i'm supposed to use the one SpriteBatch that i can have on the minimap, and i'm also not sure how to interpret "heavy" in this context. Another thing to possibly keep in mind is that the minimap will probably be part of a larger UI...is there any way to integrate these two?

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• Why can we recognize game engines?

  - by Bart van Heukelom

  About many games you can say "oh that's the Unreal engine for sure", "this was made by upgrading GTA 4", etc. We can often recognize the engine used for a game just by looking at its graphics (disregarding menus and such). I'm wondering, why is this? All game engines use the same 3D rendering technology that we all use, and the different games usually have a distinct art style, so what's left to recognize?

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• Setting Anchor Point

  - by Siddharth

  I want to set anchor point for the sprite like cocos2d has done for their implementation. I do not found any thing like that in andengine so please provide guidance on that. I want to move the sprite on touch so I use following code but that does not work for me. super.setPosition(pX - this.getWidthScaled() / 2, pY - this.getHeightScaled() / 2); Because I touch on the corner of the image but automatically it comes at center of the image because of above code. I want to remain the touch at desire position and drag it. For me the anchor point became useful. But I don't found anything in andengine.

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• Is there any hueristic to polygonize a closed 2d-raster shape with n triangles?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  Lets say we have a 2d image black on white that shows a closed geometric shape. Is there any (not naive brute force) algorithm that approximates that shape as closely as possible with n triangles? If you want a formal definition for as closely as possible: Approximate the shape with a polygon that when rendered into a new 2d image will match the largest number of pixels possible with the original image.

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• 3D BSP rendering for maps made in 2d platform style

  - by Dev Joy

  I wish to render a 3D map which is always seen from top, camera is in sky and always looking at earth. Sample of a floor layout: I don't think I need complex structures like BSP trees to render them. I mean I can divide the map in grids and render them like done in 2D platform games. I just want to know if this is a good idea and what may go wrong if I don't choose a BSP tree rendering here. Please also mention is any better known rendering techniques are available for such situations.

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