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  • DrawIndexedPrimitives overdraws data in previous buffer if called in loop

    - by Daniel Excinsky
    I doubled the question from stackoverflow here, and will delete the opposite of a question that gave me the answer. I have the Draw method in one of my renderers, that loops through the dictionary and gets precollected and preinitialized buffers. When dictionary has only one element, everything is just fine. But with more elements what I get on the screen is only the data from the last buffer (I suppose, not sure) My Draw method: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { if (!_areStaticEffectsSet) { // blockEffect.Parameters["TextureAtlas"].SetValue(textureAtlas); blockEffect.Parameters["HorizonColor"].SetValue(World.HORIZONCOLOR); blockEffect.Parameters["NightColor"].SetValue(World.NIGHTCOLOR); blockEffect.Parameters["MorningTint"].SetValue(World.MORNINGTINT); blockEffect.Parameters["EveningTint"].SetValue(World.EVENINGTINT); blockEffect.Parameters["SunColor"].SetValue(World.SUNCOLOR); _areStaticEffectsSet = true; } blockEffect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity); blockEffect.Parameters["View"].SetValue(_player.CameraView); blockEffect.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(_player.CameraProjection); blockEffect.Parameters["CameraPosition"].SetValue(_player.CameraPosition); blockEffect.Parameters["timeOfDay"].SetValue(_world.TimeOfDay); var viewFrustum = new BoundingFrustum(_player.CameraView * _player.CameraProjection); _graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; _graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; foreach (KeyValuePair<int, Texture2D> textureAtlas in textureAtlases) { blockEffect.Parameters["TextureAtlas"].SetValue(textureAtlas.Value); foreach (EffectPass pass in blockEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); //TODO: ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? VertexBuffer ? IndexBuffer foreach (Chunk chunk in _world.Chunks.Values) { if (chunk == null || chunk.IsDisposed) { continue; } if (chunk.BoundingBox.Intersects(viewFrustum) && chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key) != null) { lock (chunk) { if (chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key).IndexCount > 0) { VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = chunk.GetBlockVertexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key); IndexBuffer indexBuffer = chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key); //if (chunk.DrawIndex == new Vector3i(0, 0, 0)) //{ //if (textureAtlas.Key == -1) //{ //var varray = new [] //{ //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(0,68,0), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)), //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(0,68,1), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)), //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(1,68,0), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)) //}; //var iarray = new short[] {0, 1, 2}; //vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(_graphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionTextureLight), varray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); //indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(_graphicsDevice, IndexElementSize.SixteenBits, iarray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); //vertexBuffer.SetData(varray); //indexBuffer.SetData(iarray); } } _graphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); _graphicsDevice.Indices = indexBuffer; _graphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, vertexBuffer.VertexCount, 0, indexBuffer.IndexCount / 3); } } } } } } } Noteworthy things about the code: XNA version is 4.0. I've commented the debugging code in the loop, but left it for it may bring some insight. I try not only to change vertices/indices in the loop, but textureAtlas also. Code in the shader about textureAtlas: Texture TextureAtlas; sampler TextureAtlasSampler = sampler_state { texture = <TextureAtlas>; magfilter = POINT; minfilter = POINT; mipfilter = POINT; AddressU = WRAP; AddressV = WRAP; }; struct VSInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoords1 : TEXCOORD0; float SunLight : COLOR0; float3 LocalLight : COLOR1; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; }; VertexPositionTextureLight is my own realization of IVertexType. So, do anybody know about this problem, or see the wrongness in my code (that's far more likely)?

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  • Character movement on a 2D tile map

    - by Chris Morris
    I'm working at making a HTML5 game. Top down, closest thing I can equate it to is the gameboy zeldas, but open world and no rooms. What I have so far is a procedurally generated map in a multi dimensional array. And a starting position on the map. Along with this I have an array of movable and non movable tile ID's. I also have a class for my player and have him being rendered out in the center of the starting tile. My problem however is getting the movement sorted out for the player. I want to be able to have the character free move around the map (pixel by pixel essentially) ontop of this 2D generated world. Ideally this would allow the user to move around the walk able area of the canvas. this is simple enough for me to do, but I am having problems now moving the world. If the user is 20% from the edge of the screen i want the world to start panning in the direction the player is heading. But I'm rather lacking in ideas of how to do this. I've looked around for some tutorials, but am coming up blank on ideas of how to generate the playable area (zoomed in) and to then move this generated area under the player when they reach near the end of the screen. My current idea was to generate a certain amount of tiles full size to fill the screen and place the player i the middle. Then when the user approaches the edge of the screen start generating the tiles offset by the distance moved and the direction. I can kind of see this working but I really have no idea if this is the best or easiest to code of methods for generating the world. sorry for the lack of code but I'm still just in the theory stages of working this all out.

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  • How to create an extensible rope in Box2D?

    - by Thomas
    Let's say I'm trying to create a ninja lowering himself down a rope, or pulling himself back up, all whilst he might be swinging from side to side or hit by objects. Basically like http://ninja.frozenfractal.com/ but with Box2D instead of hacky JavaScript. Ideally I would like to use a rope joint in Box2D that allows me to change the length after construction. The standard Box2D RopeJoint doesn't offer that functionality. I've considered a PulleyJoint, connecting the other end of the "pulley" to an invisible kinematic body that I can control to change the length, but PulleyJoint is more like a rod than a rope: it constrains maximum length, but unlike RopeJoint it constrains the minimum as well. Re-creating a RopeJoint every frame using a new length is rather inefficient, and I'm not even sure it would work properly in the simulation. I could create a "chain" of bodies connected by RotationJoints but that is also less efficient, and less robust. I also wouldn't be able to change the length arbitrarily, but only by adding and removing a whole number of links, and it's not obvious how I would connect the remainder without violating existing joints. This sounds like something that should be straightforward to do. Am I overlooking something?

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  • OpenGL fovx question

    - by Nick
    To boil my question down to the simplest form, I fear I am oversimplifying how mat4 perspective works. I am using mat4.perspective(45, 2, 0.1, 1000.0) (the binding is WebGL fwiw). With a fovy of 45, and an aspect ratio of 2, I expect to have a fovx of 90. Thus, if I position my camera at (0, 0, 50), looking towards the origin, I expect to see a cube positioned at (50, 0, 0) (45 degrees) right at the very periphery of my screen, half on, half off,. Instead, a cube at (50, 0, 0) is totally off screen, and my actually periphery occurs at about (41.1, 0, 0). What am I missing here? Thanks, nick

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  • How can I downsample a texture using FBOs?

    - by snape
    I am rendering a scene to FBO as my render target whose size is 8 times the size of the orignal screen in OpenGL. Now i wan to downsample the texture generated by FBO to the size of the screen so as to achieve spatial anti aliasing. How do i achieve the down sampling ? Please provide implementation details. Note : If there is a better way of doing anti aliasing in FBOs please mention that too. I am trying to remove the aliasing in the image attached below.

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  • How can I Implement KeyListeners/ActionListeners into the JFrame?

    - by A.K.
    I'll get to the point: I have a player in my game that you control with the keyboard yet the key methods in the player class and ActionListener w/ KeyAdapter in the Board class don't seem to fire. So far I've tried adding these key methods into the JFrame, doesn't seem to let me move him even though other objects that I have (enemies) can move fine. Here's part of the JFrame class with the event listeners: frm.addKeyListener(KeyBoardListener); public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { nSound.play(); StartB.setContentAreaFilled(false); cards.remove(StartB); frm.remove(TitleL); frm.remove(cards); frm.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1)); frm.add(nBoard); //Add Game "Tiles" Or Content. x = 1200 nBoard.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1200, 420)); cards.revalidate(); frm.validate(); } public KeyListener KeyBoardListener = new KeyListener() { @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) { nBoard.S.fire(); } } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent args0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } };

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  • Vertex fog producing black artifacts

    - by Nick
    I originally posted this question on the XNA forums but got no replies, so maybe someone here can help: I am rendering a textured model using the XNA BasicEffect. When I enable fog, the model outline is still visible as many small black dots when it should be "in the fog". Why is this happening? Here's what it looks like for me -- http://tinypic.com/r/fnh440/6 Here is a minimal example showing my problem: (the ship model that this example uses is from the chase camera sample on this site -- http://xbox.create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/chasecamera -- in case anyone wants to try it out ;)) public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Model model; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here model = Content.Load<Model>("ship"); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect be in mesh.Effects) { be.EnableDefaultLighting(); be.FogEnabled = true; be.FogColor = Color.CornflowerBlue.ToVector3(); be.FogStart = 10; be.FogEnd = 30; } } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here model.Draw(Matrix.Identity * Matrix.CreateScale(0.01f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(3 * MathHelper.PiOver4), Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 30), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up), Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, 16f/9f, 1, 100)); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • blender: 3D model from guide images

    - by Stefan
    In a effort to learn the blender interface, which is confusing to say the least, I've chosen to model a model from referrence pictures easily found on the web. Problem is that I can't ( and won't ) get perfect "right", "front" and "top" pictures. Blender only allows you to see the background pictures when in ortographic mode and only from right|front|top, which doesn't help me. How to I proceed to model from non-perfect guide images?

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  • Implementing top view physics using box2D

    - by humbleBee
    How can top view physics games be done in box2D? One idea I have is to set the linear velocity of an object manually or to alter the linear and angular damping as my object moves over different surfaces. For example if my object is over a wet surface it'll have less linear damping and if it is over rough surface it'll have more damping. And to see if my object has fallen over an edge I'll try to use an AABB and check if its still inside or manually see if object.x > boundary.x etc. Is there any better way?

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  • Game Institute Math Courses

    - by W3Geek
    I'm 21 years old and I suck at math, I mean really bad. I don't have the necessary logic to apply it towards programming. I would like to learn the math and logic of applying it. I found Game Institute (http://www.gameinstitute.com) awhile back and heard a lot of praise about them. Are there Math courses any good? Thank you. Edit: My high school was terrible and did not prepare me for any math. I am fairly decent at programming, I just don't have the logic to apply any mathematics to programming, as an example I don't understand the algorithm of finding the size of a user's screen. Yes I have heard of KhanAcademy (http://www.khanacademy.org/) and I have completed a lot of maths on his website but I still don't have the logic to apply any of it to programming.

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  • Play audio in javascript with a good performance

    - by João
    I'm developing a browser game where the player can shoot. Everytime he shoots it play a sound. Currently i'm using this code to play sounds in JavaScript: var audio = document.createElement("audio"); audio.src = "my_sound.mp3"; audio.play(); I'm worried about performance here. Will 10 simultaneous sounds impact my game performance too much? Will all audio objects stay in memory even after they are played?

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  • Power Distribution amongst connected nodes

    - by Perky
    In my game the map is represented by connected nodes, each node has a number of connected nodes. The nodes represent a system in which players can build structures and move units about. If you're familiar with Sins of a Solar Empire the game map is very similar. I want each node to be able to produce power and share it with all connected nodes. For example if A, B, C & D are all connected and produce 100 power units, then each system should have 400 power units available. If node B builds a structure that consumes 100 power units then A, B, C & D should then have 300 power units available. I've been working on this system all day and haven't been able to get it working quite the way I want. My current implementation is to first recurse through each nodes's connected node adding up the power, I keep a list of closed nodes so it doesn't loop, it's quite similar to A* actually. Pseudo code: All nodes start with the properties node.power = 0 node.basePower = 100 // could be different for each node. node.initialPower = node.basePower - function propagatePower( node, initialPower, closedNodes ) node.power += initialPower add( closedNodes, node ) connectedNodes = connected_nodes_except_from( closedNodes ) foreach node in connectedNodes do propagatePower( node, initialPower, closedNodes ) end end After this I iterate through all power consumers. foreach consumer in consumers do node = consumer.parentNode if node.power >= consumer.powerConsumption then consumer.powerConsumed += consumer.powerConsumption node.producedPower -= consumer.powerConsumption end end Then I adjust the initial power for the next propagation cycle. foreach node in nodes do node.initialPower = node.basePower - node.producedPower node.displayPower = node.power // for rendering the power. node.power = 0 end This seemed to work at first but then I came into a problem. Say two nodes A & B produce 100Pu each, it's shared so both A & B have 200Pu. I then make two structures that consume 80Pu each on A (160Pu). Then the nodes power is adjusted to basePower - producedPower (100-160 = -60). Nodes are propagated, both nodes now have 40Pu (A: -60 + B: 100 = 40). Which is correct because they started with 200Pu - 160Pu = 40Pu. However now node.power >= consumer.powerConsumption is false. Whats worse is it's false for any structure that uses more that 40Pu, so the whole system goes down. I could deduct from consumer.powerConsumption but what do I do if power is reduced elsewhere? I don't have the correct data to perform the necessary checks. It's late so I'm probably not thinking straight but I thought to ask on here to see if anyone has any other implementations, better or worse I'd be interested to know.

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  • Where can I find free or buy "next-gen" 3D Assets?

    - by Valmond
    Usually I buy 3D Assets from sites like turbosquid.com or similar. My problem is that I have lately implemented glow, normal maps, specular (and specular power) maps and reflection maps and I can't find any models that use those techniques. So where can I find / buy "next gen" assets (at least models/items with a normal map)? I have checked for similar posts but those I found are about either free only or 2D or 'ordinary' 3D so I hope this is not a duplicate.

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  • Spherical harmonics lighting - what does it accomplish?

    - by TravisG
    From my understanding, spherical harmonics are sometimes used to approximate certain aspects of lighting (depending on the application). For example, it seems like you can approximate the diffuse lighting cause by a directional light source on a surface point, or parts of it, by calculating the SH coefficients for all bands you're using (for whatever accuracy you desire) in the direction of the surface normal and scaling it with whatever you need to scale it with (e.g. light colored intensity, dot(n,l),etc.). What I don't understand yet is what this is supposed to accomplish. What are the actual advantages of doing it this way as opposed to evaluating the diffuse BRDF the normal way. Do you save calculations somewhere? Is there some additional information contained in the SH representation that you can't get out of the scalar results of the normal evaluation?

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  • Vertex Array Object (OpenGL)

    - by Shin
    I've just started out with OpenGL I still haven't really understood what Vertex Array Objects are and how they can be employed. If Vertex Buffer Object are used to store vertex data (such as their positions and texture coordinates) and the VAOs only contain status flags, where can they be used? What's their purpose? As far as I understood from the (very incomplete and unclear) GL Wiki, VAOs are used to set the flags/status for every vertex, following the order described in the Element Array Buffer, but the wiki was really ambiguous about it and I'm not really sure about what VAOs really do and how I could employ them.

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  • Game engine IDE template [on hold]

    - by Spencer Killen
    Hey so I'm working on a fairly basic javascript game, and it's beginning to get to the point where my 'engine' to which I wrote, is difficult to manage in an all text environment, Iv already thought of using a javascript IDE like jet brains, but i was wondering if I could go 1 step further and have use a piece of software to purpose as an IDE and have a customizable GUI that I could use to automate class construction and such, for example, I have it set up right now so that everytime I want to create a new block (it's a platformer) I must copy a text file and fill in all the setting such as bounding box, sprite ect, it would be a lot easier if I could press a button and have a menu apear where I would fill in these values (I have a game maker background) is there software like this? If not what are some similar solutions to my problem?

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  • Changing Ogre3D terrain lighting in real time

    - by lezebulon
    I'm looking at the Ogre 3D library and I'm browsing through some examples / tutorials. My question is about terrain. There are a few examples showing how great the terrain system is, but I think that the global illumination and shadows of the terrain have to be pre-computed, which kinda makes it impossible to integrate this with a day / night cycle. Is there a way to change the terrain light sources in real time? If so it is possible to do it and keep a decent FPS?

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  • Method for spawning enemies according to player score and game time

    - by Sun
    I'm making a top-down shooter and want to scale the difficulty of the game according to what the score is and how much time has Passed. Along with this, I want to spawn enemies in different patterns and increase the intervals at which these enemies are shown. I'm going for a similar effect to Geometry wars. However, I can think of a to do this other than have multiple if-else statments, e.g. : if (score > 1000) { //spawn x amount if enemies } else if (score > 10000) { //spawn x amount of enemy type 1 & 2 } else if (score > 15000) { //spawn x amount of enemy type 1 & 2 & 3 } else if (score > 25000) { //spawn x amount of enemy type 1 & 2 & 3 //create patterns with enemies } ...etc What would be a better method of spawning enemies as I have described?

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  • Skyrim Creation Kit with Xbox 360

    - by funseiki
    I posted this on stackoverflow but was advised to post here (here is a link to the stackoverflow question). I'm hoping for constructive feedback on its plausibility. Update on progress: It looks like there are ways to stuff files back onto the console (horizon, modio, xplorer360, etc) and they do require some form of signing. As of now, though, I've had no luck. I was hoping I could get away with just placing the ".esp" into the directory containing marketplace downloads for Skyrim, along with the signed ".bsa" file (basically a zipped up file containing any extra content the .esp will need to refer that doesn't exist in the basic game). This doesn't work, at least not in the ways I've tried, so next I'm going to try install the entire game to my flash drive (if possible) and attempt to traverse through the game's directory (this is probably unlikely). If anyone else has suggestions or luck or wants more detail on my failures comment/answer away. Here is the question: I'm thinking about buying the PC version of Skyrim to get the Creation Kit (I already own a copy for the Xbox). I have read the faq and scoured plenty of forums to see if there was some way to mod Skyrim for a console (Xbox 360, in particular), but they are generally coming up negative. I realize the CreationKit is on the PC, but I was wondering if there was a way to set up the '.esp' (hopefully I'm interpreting this correctly) files to be placed on the Xbox 360 file system in a similar manner to how game add-ons are downloaded from the Xbox Live Marketplace. I believe it is possible to transfer saves between the console and the PC (e.g. google: 'skyrim mod xbox360'), but these are referencing items that already exist in the game (e.g. a console command for maximum carry weight does not require reference to new animations or models). It would probably be easier if one could navigate through the xbox's file system to see where the games' files are placed, but with the current setup, the file system is abstracted away. Any help or insight on the matter would be much appreciated. I would love to work on a project that would make it possible to let console gamers experience and enjoy all the great mods available to the PC community.

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  • How does Starcraft 2 load it's metadata?

    - by chobok
    Lets say you are playing Starcraft 2 melee map. The game loads the map. Melee maps have the following dependencies: Liberty (Mod) Liberty Multi (Mod) I think the game engine will load the data from Liberty (Mod) first, then from Liberty Multi (Mod). For data that exists in both dependencies, the engine will use the one from Liberty Multi (Mod). Is this correct? Liberty Multi (Mod) is updated with each patch of Starcraft 2. Does the game engine load just the latest version of Liberty Multi (Mod)? or Does the game engine load all the versions and overwrite duplicate data with the latest version?

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  • How would I balance a multiplayer competitive game

    - by Simon
    I'm looking at my first foray into developing a game, and would love to know whether you guys have any thoughts on game balancing on limited multiplayer games. The game I have in mind involves a neutral player that has to achieve a goal, with two supporting "deity" players who are one of 'good' and 'evil' - One of the deity players would try to help the player achieve their goal, while the other would try to thwart them. Any thoughts or pointers on how I can ensure the deities are balanced? If you want me to expand, I will, just didn't want to give away too much of the game play before I finish it.

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  • How do I prevent other dynamic bodies from affecting the player's velocity with Box2D?

    - by Milo
    I'm working on my player object for my game. PhysicsBodyDef def; def.fixedRotation = true; def.density = 1.0f; def.position = Vec2(200.0f, 200.0f); def.isDynamic = true; def.size = Vec2(50.0f,200.0f); m_player.init(def,&m_physicsEngine.getWorld()); This is how he moves: b2Vec2 vel = getBody()->GetLinearVelocity(); float desiredVel = 0; if (m_keys[ALLEGRO_KEY_A] || m_keys[ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT]) { desiredVel = -5; } else if (m_keys[ALLEGRO_KEY_D] || m_keys[ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT]) { desiredVel = 5; } else { desiredVel = 0; } float velChange = desiredVel - vel.x; float impulse = getBody()->GetMass() * velChange; //disregard time factor getBody()->ApplyLinearImpulse( b2Vec2(impulse,0), getBody()->GetWorldCenter(),true); This creates a few problems. First, to move the player at a constant speed he must be given a high velocity. The problem with this is if he just comes in contact with a small box, he makes it move a lot. Now, I can fix this by lowering his density, but then comes my main issue: I need other objects to be able to run into him, but when they do, he should be like a static wall and not move. I'm not sure how to do that without high density. I cannot use collision groups since I still need him to be solid toward other dynamic things. How can this be done? Essentially, how do I prevent other dynamic bodies from affecting the player's velocity?

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  • What is a good way to measure game virality?

    - by Chris Garrett
    I have added some social features to an iPhone game (Lexitect if you're curious), such as email, Twitter, and Facebook integration for sharing high scores. Along with these features, I am measuring how many times users make it to each step. The goal of these features are to make the game more viral, and I am trying to get to a measure of game virality. I would think that a game virality metric would produce a number based on 1.0, where 1.0 = zero viral growth, and 1.01 would represent 1% viral growth over some unit of time. How is virality normally measured, and in what units? How is time capped on the metric? i.e. if I gave each player a year to determine how many recommendations they make, I wouldn't get any real numbers for a year from the time I start tracking it. Are there any standards for tracking virality in a meaningful way?

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  • 3D Vector "End Point" Calculation for procedural Vector Graphics

    - by FrostFlame64
    Alright, So I need some help with some Vector Math. I've developing some game Engines that have Procedural Fractal Generation for Some Graphics, such as using Lindenmayer Systems for generating Trees and Plants. L-Systems, are drawn by using Turtle Graphics, which is a form of Vector graphics. I first created a system to draw in 2D Graphics, which works perfectly fine. But now I want to make a 3D equivalent, and I’ve run into an issue. For my 2D Version, I created a Method for quickly determining the “End Point” of a Vector-like movement. Given a starting point (X, Y), a direction (between 0 and 360 degrees), and a distance, the end point is calculated by these formulas: newX = startX + distance * Sin((PI * direction) / 180) newY = startY + distance * Cos((PI * direction) / 180) Now I need something Similarly Equivalent for performing this Calculation in 3D, But I haven’t been able to Google anything that could show me how to do this. I'm flexible enough to get whatever required information is needed for this method calculation, in any reasonable form (Vector3, Quaternion, ect). To summarize: Given a starting point/vector position in 3D space (X, Y, Z), a Direction in 3D space (Vector3, Quaternion, ect), and a Distance, I need to find the “End Point” in 3D Space. Thank you for your time and help.

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  • Ray Tracing concers: Efficient Data Structure and Photon Mapping

    - by Grieverheart
    I'm trying to build a simple ray tracer for specific target scenes. An example of such scene can be seen below. I'm concerned as to what accelerating data structure would be most efficient in this case since all objects are touching but on the other hand, the scene is uniform. The objects in my ray tracer are stored as a collection of triangles, thus I also have access to individual triangles. Also, when trying to find the bounding box of the scene, how should infinite planes be handled? Should one instead use the viewing frustum to calculate the bounding box? A few other questions I have are about photon mapping. I've read the original paper by Jensen and many more material. In the compact data structure for the photon they introduce, they store photon power as 4 chars, which from my understanding is 3 chars for color and 1 for flux. But I don't understand how 1 char is enough to store a flux of the order of 1/n, where n is the number of photons (I'm also a bit confused about flux vs power). The other question about photon mapping is, if it would be more efficient in my case to store photons per object (or even per Object's triangle) instead of using a balanced kd-tree. Also, same question about bounding box of the scene but for photon mapping. How should one find a bounding box from the pov of the light when infinite planes are involved?

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