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  • Ray Tracing concers: Efficient Data Structure and Photon Mapping

    - by Grieverheart
    I'm trying to build a simple ray tracer for specific target scenes. An example of such scene can be seen below. I'm concerned as to what accelerating data structure would be most efficient in this case since all objects are touching but on the other hand, the scene is uniform. The objects in my ray tracer are stored as a collection of triangles, thus I also have access to individual triangles. Also, when trying to find the bounding box of the scene, how should infinite planes be handled? Should one instead use the viewing frustum to calculate the bounding box? A few other questions I have are about photon mapping. I've read the original paper by Jensen and many more material. In the compact data structure for the photon they introduce, they store photon power as 4 chars, which from my understanding is 3 chars for color and 1 for flux. But I don't understand how 1 char is enough to store a flux of the order of 1/n, where n is the number of photons (I'm also a bit confused about flux vs power). The other question about photon mapping is, if it would be more efficient in my case to store photons per object (or even per Object's triangle) instead of using a balanced kd-tree. Also, same question about bounding box of the scene but for photon mapping. How should one find a bounding box from the pov of the light when infinite planes are involved?

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  • Develop 3d game for iphone & android in single code

    - by lajpat
    I have to make a 3d game on the lines of this app 3D Chess I want to make this app for both android & iphone by writing a single code. Of course little native code will be required to be done. I want to ensure that entire logic & animation code is written only once. What software does one suggest to achieve this since I am not a tight schedule. I came across Corona but I am not sure if such game can be made using it. Others I found Unity & Shiva. I am not experience in 3D game so please if someone can help Thanks Lajpat

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  • If statement causing xna sprites to draw frame by frame

    - by user1489599
    I’m a bit new to XNA but I wanted to write a simple program that would fire a cannon ball from a cannon at a 45 degree angle. It works fine outside of my keyboard i/o if statement, but when I encapsulate the code around an if statement checking to see if the user hits the space bar, the sprite will draw one frame at a time every time the space bar is hit. This is the code in question if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Space) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !skullBall.Alive) { //works outside the keyboard input if statement //{ skullBall.Position = cannon.Position; skullBall.DeltaY = -(float)(Math.Sin(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time + 0.5 * (gravity * (time * time))); skullBall.DeltaX = (float)(Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time); skullBall.Alive = true; //} } The skull ball represents the cannon ball and the cannon is just the starting point. DeltaX and DeltaY are the values I’m using to update the cannon balls position per update. I know it's dumb to have the cannon ball start at the cannons position every time the update is called but it’s not really noticeable right now. I was wondering if after examining my code, if anyone noticed any errors that would cause the sprite to display frame by frame instead of drawing it as a full animation of the cannon ball leaving the cannon and moving from there.

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  • Game Code Design for Rendering

    - by kuroutadori
    I first created a game on the iPhone and I'm now porting it to Android. I wrote most of the code in C++, but when it came to porting it wasn't so easy. The Android way is to have two threads, one for rendering and one for updating. This due to some devices blocking when updating the hardware. My problem is that I am coming from the iPhone. When I transition, say from the Menu to the Game, I would stop the Animation (Rendering) and load up the next Manager (the Menu has a Manager and so has the Game). I could implement the same thing on Android, but I have noticed on game ports like Quake, don't do this - as far as I can tell. I have learnt that I cannot just dynamically add another Renderer class the the tree because I will probably get a dequeuing buffer error - which I believe to be a problem with the OpenGL ES side. So how is it done?

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  • problem with piping in my own implementation of shell

    - by codemax
    Hey guys, i am implementing my own shell. I want to involve piping. i searched here and i got a code. But it is not working.Can any one help me? this is my code #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; char temp1[81][81],temp2[81][81] ,*cmdptr1[40], *cmdptr2[40]; void process(char**,int); int arg_count, count; int arg_cnt[2]; int pip,tok; char input[81]; int fds[2]; void process( char* cmd[])//, int arg_count ) { pid_t pid; pid = fork(); //char path[81]; //getcwd(path,81); //strcat(path,"/"); //strcat(path,cmd[0]); if(pid < 0) { cout << "Fork Failed" << endl; exit(-1); } else if( pid == 0 ) { execvp( cmd[0] , cmd ); } else { wait(NULL); } } void pipe(char **cmd1, char**cmd2) { cout<<endl<<endl<<"in pipe"<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[0] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr1[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[1] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr2[i]<<" "; } pipe(fds); if (fork() == 0 ) { dup2(fds[1], 1); close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); process(cmd1); } if (fork() == 0) { dup2(fds[0], 0); close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); process(cmd2); } close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); wait(NULL); } void pipecommand(char** cmd1, char** cmd2) { cout<<endl<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[0] ; i++) { cout<<cmd1[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[1] ; i++) { cout<<cmd2[i]<<" "; } int fds[2]; // file descriptors pipe(fds); // child process #1 if (fork() == 0) { // Reassign stdin to fds[0] end of pipe. dup2(fds[0], STDIN_FILENO); close(fds[1]); close(fds[0]); process(cmd2); // child process #2 if (fork() == 0) { // Reassign stdout to fds[1] end of pipe. dup2(fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO); close(fds[0]); close(fds[1]); // Execute the first command. process(cmd1); } wait(NULL); } close(fds[1]); close(fds[0]); wait(NULL); } void splitcommand1() { tok++; int k,done=0,no=0; arg_count = 0; for(int i=count ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { count++; if(input[i] == ' ') { break; } if((input[i] == '\0')) { done = 1; break; } if(input[i] == '|') { pip = 1; done = 1; break; } temp1[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp1[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; arg_count++; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr1[i] = temp1[i]; } arg_cnt[tok] = arg_count; } void splitcommand2() { tok++; cout<<"count is :"<<count<<endl; int k,done=0,no=0; arg_count = 0; for(int i=count ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { count++; if(input[i] == ' ') { break; } if((input[i] == '\0')) { done = 1; break; } if(input[i] == '|') { pip = 1; done = 1; cout<<"PIP"; break; } temp2[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp2[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; arg_count++; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr2[i] = temp2[i]; } arg_cnt[tok] = arg_count; } int main() { cout<<endl<<endl<<"Welcome to unique shell !!!!!!!!!!!"<<endl; tok=-1; while(1) { cout<<endl<<"***********UNIQUE**********"<<endl; cin.getline(input,81); count = 0,pip=0; splitcommand1(); if(pip == 1) { count++; splitcommand2(); } cout<<endl<<endl; if(strcmp(cmdptr1[0], "exit") == 0 ) { cout<<endl<<"EXITING UNIQUE SHELL"<<endl; exit(0); } //cout<<endl<<"Arg count is :"<<arg_count<<endl; if(pip == 1) { cout<<endl<<endl<<"in main :"; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[0] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr1[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(int i=0 ; i<arg_cnt[1] ; i++) { cout<<cmdptr2[i]<<" "; } pipe(cmdptr1, cmdptr2); } else { process (cmdptr1);//,arg_count); } } } I know it is not well coded. But try to help me :(

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  • Not getting desired results with SSAO implementation

    - by user1294203
    After having implemented deferred rendering, I tried my luck with a SSAO implementation using this Tutorial. Unfortunately, I'm not getting anything that looks like SSAO, you can see my result below. You can see there is some weird pattern forming and there is no occlusion shading where there needs to be (i.e. in between the objects and on the ground). The shaders I implemented follow: #VS #version 330 core uniform mat4 invProjMatrix; layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_Position; layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_TexCoord; noperspective out vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 viewRay; void main(void){ pass_TexCoord = in_TexCoord; viewRay = (invProjMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; gl_Position = vec4(in_Position, 1.0); } #FS #version 330 core uniform sampler2D DepthMap; uniform sampler2D NormalMap; uniform sampler2D noise; uniform vec2 projAB; uniform ivec3 noiseScale_kernelSize; uniform vec3 kernel[16]; uniform float RADIUS; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; noperspective in vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth in vec3 viewRay; layout(location = 0) out float out_AO; vec3 CalcPosition(void){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, pass_TexCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); vec3 ray = normalize(viewRay); ray = ray / ray.z; return linearDepth * ray; } mat3 CalcRMatrix(vec3 normal, vec2 texcoord){ ivec2 noiseScale = noiseScale_kernelSize.xy; vec3 rvec = texture(noise, texcoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); return mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); } void main(void){ vec2 TexCoord = pass_TexCoord; vec3 Position = CalcPosition(); vec3 Normal = normalize(texture(NormalMap, TexCoord).xyz); mat3 RotationMatrix = CalcRMatrix(Normal, TexCoord); int kernelSize = noiseScale_kernelSize.z; float occlusion = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < kernelSize; i++){ // Get sample position vec3 sample = RotationMatrix * kernel[i]; sample = sample * RADIUS + Position; // Project and bias sample position to get its texture coordinates vec4 offset = projectionMatrix * vec4(sample, 1.0); offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; // Get sample depth float sample_depth = texture(DepthMap, offset.xy).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (sample_depth - projAB.x); if(abs(Position.z - linearDepth ) < RADIUS){ occlusion += (linearDepth <= sample.z) ? 1.0 : 0.0; } } out_AO = 1.0 - (occlusion / kernelSize); } I draw a full screen quad and pass Depth and Normal textures. Normals are in RGBA16F with the alpha channel reserved for the AO factor in the blur pass. I store depth in a non linear Depth buffer (32F) and recover the linear depth using: float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); where projAB.y is calculated as: and projAB.x as: These are derived from the glm::perspective(gluperspective) matrix. z_n and z_f are the near and far clip distance. As described in the link I posted on the top, the method creates samples in a hemisphere with higher distribution close to the center. It then uses random vectors from a texture to rotate the hemisphere randomly around the Z direction and finally orients it along the normal at the given pixel. Since the result is noisy, a blur pass follows the SSAO pass. Anyway, my position reconstruction doesn't seem to be wrong since I also tried doing the same but with the position passed from a texture instead of being reconstructed. I also tried playing with the Radius, noise texture size and number of samples and with different kinds of texture formats, with no luck. For some reason when changing the Radius, nothing changes. Does anyone have any suggestions? What could be going wrong?

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  • How do display a "mucus spreading" effect in a 2D environment?

    - by nathan
    Here is an example of such a mucus spreading. The substance is spread around the source (in this example, the source would be the main alien building). The game is starcraft, the purple substance is called creep. How this kind of substance spreading would be achieved in a top down 2D environment? Recalculating the substance progression and regenerate the effect on the fly each frame or rather use a large collection of tiles or something else?

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  • Unity Occlusion Portals: What and How?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    (Here I eat my words on Meta about posting Unity questions on Unity Answers... since that site is less responsive than this one.) Unity provides cell-based Occlusion Culling (via Umbra, I believe). However, a newer feature that it supports is Occlusion Portals. The question is, if BSP-based occlusion culling is already a feature of Unity, what do portals add, and how? PS. This question is not "What are portals?" -- I'm aware of the original Quake BSP-style portals -- which is partly why I find the explicit portal concept in Unity odd, since it uses BSP anyway.

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  • Getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

    - by Etan
    In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provides a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? Use mipmaps and simply read the pixel on the 1x1 level. Again the question of accuracy and if it is even possible using non-power-of-two textures. The problem wit these approaches is, that the pipeline gets stalled which results in major performance issues. Therefore, I'm looking for a more performant way to accomplish my goal. Using the EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN extension Apple introduced EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN in iOS 5.0 for iPad 2. "4.1.6 Occlusion Queries Occlusion queries use query objects to track the number of fragments or samples that pass the depth test. An occlusion query can be started and finished by calling BeginQueryEXT and EndQueryEXT, respectively, with a target of ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT or ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT. When an occlusion query is started with the target ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT, the samples-boolean state maintained by the GL is set to FALSE. While that occlusion query is active, the samples-boolean state is set to TRUE if any fragment or sample passes the depth test. When the occlusion query finishes, the samples-boolean state of FALSE or TRUE is written to the corresponding query object as the query result value, and the query result for that object is marked as available. If the target of the query is ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT, an implementation may choose to use a less precise version of the test which can additionally set the samples-boolean state to TRUE in some other implementation dependent cases." The first sentence hints on a behavior which is exactly what I'm looking for: getting the number of pixels which passed the depth test in an asynchronous manner without much performance loss. However, the rest of the document describes only how to get boolean results. Is it possible to exploit this extension to get the pixel count? Does the hardware support it so that there may be hidden API to get access to the pixel count? Other extensions which could be exploitable would be debugging features like the number of times the fragment shader was invoked (PSInvocations in DirectX - not sure if something simila is available in OpenGL ES). However, this would also result in a pipeline stall.

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  • Unrealscript splitting a string

    - by burntsugar
    Note, this is repost from stackoverflow - I have only just discovered this site :) I need to split a string in Unrealscript, in the same way that Java's split function works. For instance - return the string "foo" as an array of char. I have tried to use the SplitString function: array SplitString( string Source, optional string Delimiter=",", optional bool bCullEmpty ) Wrapper for splitting a string into an array of strings using a single expression. as found at http://udn.epicgames.com/Three/UnrealScriptFunctions.html but it returns the entire String. simulated function wordDraw() { local String inputString; inputString = "trolls"; local string whatwillitbe; local int b; local int x; local array<String> letterArray; letterArray = SplitString(inputString,, false); for (x = 0; x < letterArray.Length; x++) { whatwillitbe = letterArray[x]; `log('it will be '@whatwillitbe); b = letterarray.Length; `log('letterarray length is '@b); `log('letter number '@x); } } Output is: b returns: 1 whatwillitbe returns: trolls However I would like b to return 6 and whatwillitbe to return each character individually. I have had a few answers proposed, however, I would still like to properly understand how the SplitString function works. For instance, if the Delimiter parameter is optional, what does the function use as a delimiter by default?

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  • Unreal 3 Editor (Unreal Tournament 3) Why does the X Y Z translations now rotate along with my static meshes?

    - by Gareth Jones
    So I was making a map for UT3, using the Unreal 3 Editor provided, and all was going well. However I was doing some work with InterpActors and Vehicle Spawners, when I must have hit a key by mistake (or other wise somehow changed something) by mistake. Now the X Y Z translations that are used to move objects around in the editor will rotate along with the object (Ive put images down below to help show what I mean) - This is very annoying because it also changes the direction the arrow keys move a rotated object, in the example below, the Down arrow key will now move the object to the right. How can I fix this? (Note both images are taken from the same viewpoint) Before Rotation: After Rotation: P.S. If someone could please provide me with the correct / better name for the X Y Z "things" it would be much appreciated, thanks!

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  • Implementing a FSM with ActionScript 2 without using classes?

    - by Up2u
    I have seen several references of A.I. and FSM, but sadly I still can't understand the point of an FSM in AS2.0. Is it a must to create a class for each state? I have a game-project which also it has an A.I., the A.I. has 3 states: distanceCheck, ChaseTarget, and Hit the target. It's an FPS game and played via mouse. I have created the A.I. successfully, but I want to convert it to FSM method... My first state is CheckDistanceState() and in that function I look for the nearest target and trigger the function ChaseState(), there I insert the Hit() function to destroy the enemy, The 3 functions that I created are being called in AI_cursor.onEnterframe. Is there any chance to implement an FSM without the need to create a class? From what I've read before, you have to create a class. I prefer to write the code on frames in flash and I still don't understand how to have external classes.

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  • Alternatives to NSMutableArray for storing 2D grid - iOS Cocos2d

    - by SundayMonday
    I'm creating a grid-based iOS game using Cocos2d. Currently the grid is stored in an NSMutableArray that contains other NSMutableArrays (the latter are rows in the grid). This works ok and performance so far is pretty good. However the syntax feels bulky and the indexing isn't very elegant (using CGPoints, would prefer integer indices). I'm looking for an alternative. What are some alternatives data structures for 2D arrays in this situation? In my game it's very common to add and remove rows from the bottom of the grid. So the grid might start off 10x10, grow to 17x10, shrink to 8x10 and then finally end with 2x10. Note the column count is constant. I've consider using a vector<vector<Object*>>. Also I'm vaguely aware of some type of "fast array" or similar offered by Cocos2d. I'd just like to learn about best practices from other developers!

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  • Frames per Second and Updates per Second [on hold]

    - by matt murray
    So this is more a general resources question, as I am seeking knowledge on how best to conserve resources in a game (I am writing in Java, and please this is not a thread on what language I should write it in, I have already chosen Java) so that the updates and frames per second could be the highest they could be. In general I am just searching for any articles you may have, any personal experience, anything what so ever that could be of use to a pretty new Java game developer on the subject! Thanks in advance!

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  • Procedural world generation oriented on gameplay features

    - by Richard Fabian
    In large procedural landscape games, the land seems dull, but that's probably because the real world is largely dull, with only limited places where the scenery is dramatic or tactical. Looking at world generation from this point of view, a landscape generator for a game (that is, not for the sake of scenery, but for the sake of gameplay) needs to not follow the rules of landscaping, but instead some rules married to the expectations of the gamer. For example, there could be a choke point / route generator that creates hills ravines, rivers and mountains between cities, rather than the natural way cities arise, scattered on the land based on resources or conditions generated by the mountains and rainfall patterns. Is there any existing work being done like this? Start with cities or population centres and then add in terrain afterwards? The reason I'm asking is that I'd previously pondered taking existing maps from fantasy fiction (my own and others), putting the information into the system as a base point, and then generating a good world to play in from it. This seems covered by existing technology, that is, where the designer puts in all the necessary information such as the city populations, resources, biomes, road networks and rivers, then allows the PCG fill in the gaps. But now I'm wondering if it may be possible to have a content generator generate also the overall design. Generate the cities and population centres, balancing them so that there is a natural seeming need of commerce, then generate the positions and connectivity, then from the type of city produce the list of necessary resources that must be nearby, and only then, maybe given some rules on how to make the journey between cities both believable and interesting, generate the final content including the roads, the choke points, the bridges and tunnels, ferries and the terrain including the biomes and coastline necessary. If this has been done before, I'd like to know, and would like to know what went wrong, and what went right.

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  • How to cull liquids

    - by Cyral
    I use culling on my Tiles in my 2D Tile Based Platformer, so only ones needed are drawn on screen. Thats easy to do. However, My Liquid tiles (Water, lava, etc) require an Update Method aswell as the normal Draw, which does checks against tiles, makes it flow, etc. So how should I cull liquid updates in my game? Not culling is to slow, culling only on screen looks awkward when you move. What do you think would be best for the player? Maybe someway of culling the visible tiles PLUS also adding the width/height of the viewport to start culling tiles at a fast enough rate in front of the player so it dosent look awkward when moving? (Not sure how to do this though, something with MaxSpeed of player and width of screen)

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  • Problem with DirectX scene-graph

    - by Alex
    I'm trying to implement a basic scene graph in DirectX using C++. I am using a left child-right sibling binary tree to do this. I'm having trouble updating each node's world transformation relative to its parent (and its parent's parent etc.). I'm struggling to get it to work recursively, though I can get it to work like this: for(int i = 0; i < NUM_OBJECTS; i++) { // Initialize to identity matrix. D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mObject[i].toWorldXForm); int k = i; while( k != -1 ) { mObject[i].toWorldXForm *= mObject[k].toParentXForm; k = mObject[k].parent; } } toWorldXForm is the object's world transform and toParentXForm is the object's transform relative to the parent. I want to do this using a method within my object class (the code above is in my main class). This is what I've tried but it doesn't work (only works with nodes 1 generation away from the root) if (this->sibling != NULL) this->sibling->update(toParentXForm); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&toWorldXForm); this->toWorldXForm *= this->toParentXForm; this->toWorldXForm *= toParentXForm; toParentXForm *= this->toParentXForm; if (this->child != NULL) this->child->update(toParentXForm); Sorry if I've not been clear, please tell me if there's anything else you need to know. I've no doubt it's merely a silly mistake on my part, hopefully an outside view will be able to spot the problem.

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  • Scrolling a WriteableBitmap

    - by Skoder
    I need to simulate my background scrolling but I want to avoid moving my actual image control. Instead, I'd like to use a WriteableBitmap and use a blitting method. What would be the way to simulate an image scrolling upwards? I've tried various things buy I can't seem to get my head around the logic: //X pos, Y pos, width, height Rect src = new Rect(0, scrollSpeed , 480, height); Rect dest = new Rect(0, 700 - scrollSpeed , 480, height); //destination rect, source WriteableBitmap, source Rect, blend mode wb.Blit(destRect, wbSource, srcRect, BlendMode.None); scrollSpeed += 5; if (scrollSpeed > 700) scrollSpeed = 0; If height is 10, the image is quite fuzzy and moreso if the height is 1. If the height is a taller, the image is clearer, but it only seems to do a one to one copy. How can I 'scroll' the image so that it looks like it's moving up in a continuous loop? (The height of the screen is 700).

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  • 3D Model not translating correctly (visually)

    - by ChocoMan
    In my first image, my model displays correctly: But when I move the model's position along the Z-axis (forward) I get this, yet the Y-axis doesnt change. An if I keep going, the model disappears into the ground: Any suggestions as to how I can get the model to translate properly visually? Here is how Im calling the model and the terrain in draw(): cameraPosition = new Vector3(camX, camY, camZ); // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[mShockwave.Bones.Count]; mShockwave.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix[] ttransforms = new Matrix[terrain.Bones.Count]; terrain.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(ttransforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in mShockwave.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, modelPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); mesh.Draw(); } //Terrain test foreach (ModelMesh meshT in terrain.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in meshT.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = ttransforms[meshT.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(terrainPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, terrainPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); meshT.Draw(); DrawText(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } Im suspecting that there may be something wrong with how I'm handling my camera. The model rotates fine on its Y-axis.

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  • Using MVC with a retained mode renderer

    - by David Gouveia
    I am using a retained mode renderer similar to the display lists in Flash. In other words, I have a scene graph data structure called the Stage to which I add the graphical primitives I would like to see rendered, such as images, animations, text. For simplicity I'll refer to them as Sprites. Now I'm implementing an architecture which is becoming very similar to MVC, but I feel that that instead of having to create View classes, that the sprites already behave pretty much like Views (except for not being explicitly connected to the Model). And since the Model is only changed through the Controller, I could simply update the view together with the Model in the controller, as in the example below: Example 1 class Controller { Model model; Sprite view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = view.Position = position; } } The alternative, I think, would be to create View classes that wrap the sprites, make the model observable, and make the view react to changes on the model. This seems like a lot of extra work and boilerplate code, and I'm not seeing the benefits if I'm just going to have one view per controller. Example 2 class Controller { Model model; View view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = position; } } class View { Model model; Sprite sprite; View() { model.PropertyChanged += UpdateView; } void UpdateView() { sprite.Position = model.Position; } } So, how is MVC or more specifically, the View, usually implemented when using a retained-mode renderer? And is there any reason why I shouldn't stick with example 1?

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  • Foreach loop with 2d array of objects

    - by Jacob Millward
    I'm using a 2D array of objects to store data about tiles, or "blocks" in my gameworld. I initialise the array, fill it with data and then attempt to invoke the draw method of each object. foreach (Block block in blockList) { block.Draw(spriteBatch); } I end up with an exception being thrown "Object reference is not set to an instance of an object". What have I done wrong? EDIT: This is the code used to define the array Block[,] blockList; Then blockList = new Block[screenRectangle.Width, screenRectangle.Height]; // Fill with dummy data for (int x = 0; x <= screenRectangle.Width / texture.Width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y <= screenRectangle.Height / texture.Width; y++) { if (y >= screenRectangle.Height / (texture.Width*2)) { blockList[x, y] = new Block(1, new Rectangle(x * 16, y * 16, texture.Width, texture.Height), texture); } else { blockList[x, y] = new Block(0, new Rectangle(x * 16, y * 16, texture.Width, texture.Height), texture); } } }

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  • (libgdx) Button doesn't work

    - by StercoreCode
    At the game I choose StopScreen. At this screen displays button. But if I click it - it doesn't work. What I expect - when I press button it must restart game. At this stage must display at least a message that the button is pressed. I tried to create new and clear project. Main class implement ApplicationListener. I put the same code in the appropriate methods. And it's works! But if i create this button in my game - it doesn't work. When i play and go to the StopScreen, i saw button. But if i click, or touch, nothing happens. I think that the proplem at the InputListener, although i set the stage as InputProcessor. Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); I also try to addListener for Button as ClickListener. But it gave no results. Or it maybe problem that i implements Screen method - not ApplicationListener or Game. But if StopScreen implement ApplicationListener, at the mainGame I can't to setScreen. Just interests question: why button displays but nothing happens to it? Here is the code of StopScreen if it helps find my mistake: public class StopScreen implements Screen{ private OrthographicCamera camera; private SpriteBatch batch; public Stage stage; //** stage holds the Button **// private BitmapFont font; //** same as that used in Tut 7 **// private TextureAtlas buttonsAtlas; //** image of buttons **// private Skin buttonSkin; //** images are used as skins of the button **// public TextButton button; //** the button - the only actor in program **// public StopScreen(CurrusGame currusGame) { camera = new OrthographicCamera(); camera.setToOrtho(false, 800, 480); batch = new SpriteBatch(); buttonsAtlas = new TextureAtlas("button.pack"); //** button atlas image **// buttonSkin = new Skin(); buttonSkin.addRegions(buttonsAtlas); //** skins for on and off **// font = AssetLoader.font; //** font **// stage = new Stage(); stage.clear(); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); TextButton.TextButtonStyle style = new TextButton.TextButtonStyle(); style.up = buttonSkin.getDrawable("ButtonOff"); style.down = buttonSkin.getDrawable("ButtonOn"); style.font = font; button = new TextButton("PRESS ME", style); //** Button text and style **// button.setPosition(100, 100); //** Button location **// button.setHeight(100); //** Button Height **// button.setWidth(100); //** Button Width **// button.addListener(new InputListener() { public boolean touchDown(InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { Gdx.app.log("my app", "Pressed"); return true; } public void touchUp(InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { Gdx.app.log("my app", "Released"); } }); stage.addActor(button); } @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); stage.act(); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); stage.draw(); batch.end(); }

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  • My server is behind a router. How can I see my website correctly? [closed]

    - by Tokyo Dan
    I'm running a web server (Ubuntu) on my local home network. I'm behind a router. On the WAN I have a direct IP. When not on my home network and accessing my website via the WAN direct IP my website displays correctly and everything works. On my home LAN behind the router, accessing my website via the WAN direct gets me to my router's admin login page. This is normal. But... Accessing my website (via it's home LAN IP address) from another computer on my home LAN gets me to the website but the layout display is broken and clicking on any link takes me to the WAN direct IP (my router's Admin login page). How can i get my website to display properly and the links to work when accessing it from my home LAN?

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  • library for octree or kdtree

    - by Will
    Are there any robust performant libraries for indexing objects? It would need frustum culling and visiting objects hit by a ray as well as neighbourhood searches. I can find lots of articles showing the math for the component parts, often as algebra rather than simple C, but nothing that puts it all together (apart from perhaps Ogre, which has rather more involved and isn't so stand-alone). Surely hobby game makers don't all have to make their own octrees? (Python or C/C++ w/bindings preferred)

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  • Texturize a shape of multiple triangles in 2D

    - by Deukalion
    This is an example of a shape consisting of multiple points, triangles and eventually a shape: Red Dots = Vector3 (X, Y, Z) or Vector2 (X, Y) If I have a Texture of a certain size, how do I texturize this area in the best way so that the texture inside the shape matches the shape and does not overlap anywhere? Perhaps also with a chance to scale the texture in case it's too small or to big for the shape, but still so that it gets rendered correctly. Do I treat the shape as a rectangle? Figure out it's 4 corners? Or do I calculate the distance between Center - (Texture Width / 2) and Point (to see how "many" times the texture can fit between on that axis to estimate at what Coordinates the Texture should be at that certain point? I've looked at Texture Mapping but haven't found any concrete examples that it explains it well, it's also confusing with 0.0-1.0 values for Texture Coordinates.

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