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• In a browser, is it best to use one huge spritesheet or many (10000) different PNG's?

  - by Nick

  I'm creating a game in jQuery, where I use about 10000 32x32 tiles. Until now, I have been using them all separately (no sprite sheet). An average map uses about 2000 tiles (sometimes re-used PNG's but all separate divs) and the performance ranges from stable (Chrome) to a bit laggy (Firefox). Each of these divs are positioned absolutely using CSS. They do not need to be updated every tick, just when a new map is loaded. Would it be better for performance to use spritesheet methods for the divs using CSS background-positioning, like gameQuery does? Thank you in advance!

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• Can i create a SDL_Surface as i do with Allegro?

  - by Petris Rodrigo Fernandes

  First of all, I'm sorry about my english (Isn't my native language) Using allegro I can create a Bitmap to draw just doing: BITMAP* bmp = NULL; bmp = create_bitmap(width,height); // I don't remember exactly the parameters I'm using SDL now, and i want create a SDL_Surface to draw the game level (that is static) creating a SDL_Surface, drawing the tiles on it, then i just blit this surface to the screen instead of keep drawing the tiles directly on screen (i believe this will require more processing); There a way to create a blank SDL_Surface as i did with Allegro just do draw before blit it?

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• Is there any advantage in using DX10/11 for a 2D game?

  - by David Gouveia

  I'm not entirely familiar with the feature set introduced by DX10/11 class hardware. I'm vaguely familiar with the new stages added to the programmable graphics pipeline, such as the geometry shader, the compute shader, and the new tesselation stages. I don't see how any of these make much of a difference for a 2D game though. Is there any compelling reason to make the switch to DX10/11 (or the OpenGL equivalents) for a 2D game, or would it be wiser to stick with DX9 considering that that a significant share of the market still runs on older technologies (e.g. the February 2012 Steam surveys lists around 17% of users as still using Windows XP)?

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• Using MVC with a retained mode renderer

  - by David Gouveia

  I am using a retained mode renderer similar to the display lists in Flash. In other words, I have a scene graph data structure called the Stage to which I add the graphical primitives I would like to see rendered, such as images, animations, text. For simplicity I'll refer to them as Sprites. Now I'm implementing an architecture which is becoming very similar to MVC, but I feel that that instead of having to create View classes, that the sprites already behave pretty much like Views (except for not being explicitly connected to the Model). And since the Model is only changed through the Controller, I could simply update the view together with the Model in the controller, as in the example below: Example 1 class Controller { Model model; Sprite view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = view.Position = position; } } The alternative, I think, would be to create View classes that wrap the sprites, make the model observable, and make the view react to changes on the model. This seems like a lot of extra work and boilerplate code, and I'm not seeing the benefits if I'm just going to have one view per controller. Example 2 class Controller { Model model; View view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = position; } } class View { Model model; Sprite sprite; View() { model.PropertyChanged += UpdateView; } void UpdateView() { sprite.Position = model.Position; } } So, how is MVC or more specifically, the View, usually implemented when using a retained-mode renderer? And is there any reason why I shouldn't stick with example 1?

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• 3D Model not translating correctly (visually)

  - by ChocoMan

  In my first image, my model displays correctly: But when I move the model's position along the Z-axis (forward) I get this, yet the Y-axis doesnt change. An if I keep going, the model disappears into the ground: Any suggestions as to how I can get the model to translate properly visually? Here is how Im calling the model and the terrain in draw(): cameraPosition = new Vector3(camX, camY, camZ); // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[mShockwave.Bones.Count]; mShockwave.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix[] ttransforms = new Matrix[terrain.Bones.Count]; terrain.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(ttransforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in mShockwave.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, modelPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); mesh.Draw(); } //Terrain test foreach (ModelMesh meshT in terrain.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in meshT.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = ttransforms[meshT.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(terrainPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, terrainPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); meshT.Draw(); DrawText(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } Im suspecting that there may be something wrong with how I'm handling my camera. The model rotates fine on its Y-axis.

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• OpenGL fovx question

  - by Nick

  To boil my question down to the simplest form, I fear I am oversimplifying how mat4 perspective works. I am using mat4.perspective(45, 2, 0.1, 1000.0) (the binding is WebGL fwiw). With a fovy of 45, and an aspect ratio of 2, I expect to have a fovx of 90. Thus, if I position my camera at (0, 0, 50), looking towards the origin, I expect to see a cube positioned at (50, 0, 0) (45 degrees) right at the very periphery of my screen, half on, half off,. Instead, a cube at (50, 0, 0) is totally off screen, and my actually periphery occurs at about (41.1, 0, 0). What am I missing here? Thanks, nick

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• Correct order of tasks in each frame for a Physics simulation

  - by Johny

  I'm playing a bit around with 2D physics. I created now some physic blocks which should collide with each other. This works fine "mostly" but sometimes one of the blocks does not react to a collision and i think that's because of my order of tasks done in each frame. At the moment it looks something like this: function GameFrame(){ foreach physicObject do AddVelocityToPosition(); DoCollisionStuff(); // Only for this object not to forget! AddGravitationToVelocity(); end RedrawScene(); } Is this the correct order of tasks in each frame?

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• Sprites rendering blurry with velocity

  - by ashes999

  After adding velocity to my game, I feel like my textures are twitching. I thought it was just my eyes, until I finally captured it in a screenshot: The one on the left is what renders in my game; the one on the right is the original sprite, pasted over. (This is a screenshot from Photoshop, zoomed in 6x.) Notice the edges are aliasing -- it looks almost like sub-pixel rendering. In fact, if I had not forced my sprites (which have position and velocity as ints) to draw using integer values, I would swear that MonoGame is drawing with floating point values. But it isn't. What could be the cause of these things appearing blurry? It doesn't happen without velocity applied. To be precise, my SpriteComponent class has a Vector2 Position field. When I call Draw, I essentially use new Vector2((int)Math.Round(this.Position.X), (int)Math.Round(this.Position.Y)) for the position. I had a bug before where even stationary objects would jitter -- that was due to me using the straight Position vector and not rounding the values to ints. If I use Floor/Ceiling instead of round, the sprite sinks/hovers (one pixel difference either way) but still draws blurry.

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• Calculating a child Position, Rotation and Scale values?

  - by Sergio Plascencia

  I am making my own game editor(just for fun) anyway I have problem that I had several days trying to resolve but I have been unsuccessful. Here goes... I have an object "A": Position: (3,3,3), Rotation: (45,10,0), Scale(1,2,2.5) And an object "B": Position: (1,1,1), Rotation: (10,34,18), Scale(1.5,2,1) I now make a parent/child relationship. "B" is a child of "A": A |--B When I do the relationship I need to re-calculate the Child("B") Position, Rotation and Scale such that it maintains its current position, rotation and scale(Location in world). So for child position "B" it would now be (-2, -2, -2) since now "A" it is center and (-2, -2, -2) will keep the object in its same position. I think I got the Position and scale figure out, but rotation I cant. So I was trying to figure out what to do and what I did is opened Unity and run the same example and I did noticed that when making an abject a child object the child object did not moved at all but had its Position, Rotation and Scale values changed(Related to the parent). For example: Unity (Parent Object "A"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (45,10,0) Scale: (1,1,1) Unity (Child Object "B"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (0,0,0) Scale: (1,1,1) When making it a parent child relation("B" is a child of "A") the child object("B") in its Rotation values now has: X: -44.13605 Y: -14.00195 Z: 9.851074 If I plug the same values to my editor(To the child "B" rotation X, Y, Z values) the object does not move at all. So I basically need to know how did Unity arrive at those rotation values for the child(What are the calculations?). If you can help and put all the equations for the Position, Rotation or Scale then I can double check I am doing it correctly but with the Rotation I really need help. Thanks!

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• Deferred Shading - Toolkit

  - by AliveDevil

  I recently managed to get some lights rendered in a scene by using a buffer and a for-loop. The problem with this method is the performance drop if more lights are used. I tried to convert Deferred Rendering in XNA4.0 | ROY-T.NL but it is not working, because I am not using any models. I know I have to render color, normals and lights seperate but I don't know how I could get it working. For understanding my structure better I'm using a world-class which holds some chunks. These chunks are loading all vertices from their items. These items have a property which returns the vertices. The item is returning VertexPositionNormalTexture[]. The chunk loads these Vertices and combines them to one large array of VertexPositionNormalTexture via someList.AsParallel().SelectMany(m => m).ToArray()). m is a VertexPositionNormalTexture. someList is List<VertexPositionNormalTexture>. I got my own shader to draw these vertices how I want them to be drawn. The first thing I would try is setting up two RenderTarget2D for rendering the color and normal part. With two different shaders. Than I would have to render the lights and there's the problem: I don't know how. I set up a structure to simplify working with lights but it didn't really help. public struct Light { public Vector3 Position; public Color4 Color; public float Range; public float Intensity; public Light( Vector3 position, Color color, float range, float intensity ) : this() { this.Position = position; this.Color = color; this.Range = range; this.Intensity = intensity; } public float[] Definition { get { return new[] { Position.X, Position.Y, Position.Z, Color.Red, Color.Green, Color.Blue, Intensity, Range }; } } } The next part is equally different because I don't know how to combine the colorMap, normalMap and textureMap to one finalMap. Some information to the system: I'm using SharpDX (Nightly from some months ago) and the SharpDX.Toolkit (I don't want to mess up with Direct3DDevice and similar things). Can someone help me with this problem? If things are missing or I provided insufficient information tell me, I need to get deferred shading working. Things I'm not able to do: create a rendertarget which holds all lights, merge colorMap, normalMap and lightMap to one finalMap and presenting this to the user.

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• How to cull liquids

  - by Cyral

  I use culling on my Tiles in my 2D Tile Based Platformer, so only ones needed are drawn on screen. Thats easy to do. However, My Liquid tiles (Water, lava, etc) require an Update Method aswell as the normal Draw, which does checks against tiles, makes it flow, etc. So how should I cull liquid updates in my game? Not culling is to slow, culling only on screen looks awkward when you move. What do you think would be best for the player? Maybe someway of culling the visible tiles PLUS also adding the width/height of the viewport to start culling tiles at a fast enough rate in front of the player so it dosent look awkward when moving? (Not sure how to do this though, something with MaxSpeed of player and width of screen)

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• How to make players be creative in a game, if the game cannot evaluate it?

  - by Mensonge

  I am working on a prototype game with several funny/visual effects that the player can trigger. The player can be quite creative in the way to use or combine these effects but it seems impossible to make detect/evaluate this creativity by the computer. So, from a game design perspective, I wonder what could be the features to drive the players to be creative (experiment various combinations). For the moment i think about "Draw something" where the result is evaluated by other players. I think about levels designed by "Little Big Planet" players but this aspect is out of the core game. I think also about "Minecraft" but I do not understand really how this game encourages the people to be creative (except of the open world). Please tell me if you have any ideas, articles or references that could help me coping with this problem.

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• Camera Collision inside the room model

  - by sanddy

  I am having a problem in Calculating the camera collision for my Room model which consists of sofa, tables and other models. The users shall be moving the camera front, back, rotating so i need to make sure that the camera does not collide with any of the models with in the room. I have treated all my models inside the room by BoundingBox[] and the camera by BoundingSphere. So, far i have implemented collision by looking into the tutorial from http://www.toymaker.info/Games/XNA/html/xna_model_collisions.html which was great. But, I guess the problem lies in the Transformation part. I debugged and found some points to be at Vector(-XXX,-XXX,-XXX) where X is digit. Also i found my radius of some models where too large(in thousand, i just looked into its radius value before converting to BoundingBox). Do I need to scale the model for collision??? Below are my code:- On My LoadContent(): Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[myModel.Bones.Count]; myModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); int index = 0; box = new List<BoundingBox>(); BoundingBox worldModel = Utility.CalculateBoundingBox(myModel); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in myModel.Meshes) { Vector3[] obb = new Vector3[8]; worldModel.GetCorners(obb); Vector3[] asdf = (Vector3[])obb.Clone(); Vector3.Transform(obb, ref transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index], obb); BoundingBox worldBox = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(obb); box.Add(worldBox); index++; } On CameraPosition Update: BoundingSphere bs = new BoundingSphere(this.cameraPos, 5.0f); if (RoomWalkthrough.Utility.CheckCollision(bs, bb)) { // Do Something } Please Help.

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• Texturize a shape of multiple triangles in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  This is an example of a shape consisting of multiple points, triangles and eventually a shape: Red Dots = Vector3 (X, Y, Z) or Vector2 (X, Y) If I have a Texture of a certain size, how do I texturize this area in the best way so that the texture inside the shape matches the shape and does not overlap anywhere? Perhaps also with a chance to scale the texture in case it's too small or to big for the shape, but still so that it gets rendered correctly. Do I treat the shape as a rectangle? Figure out it's 4 corners? Or do I calculate the distance between Center - (Texture Width / 2) and Point (to see how "many" times the texture can fit between on that axis to estimate at what Coordinates the Texture should be at that certain point? I've looked at Texture Mapping but haven't found any concrete examples that it explains it well, it's also confusing with 0.0-1.0 values for Texture Coordinates.

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• Game engine IDE template [on hold]

  - by Spencer Killen

  Hey so I'm working on a fairly basic javascript game, and it's beginning to get to the point where my 'engine' to which I wrote, is difficult to manage in an all text environment, Iv already thought of using a javascript IDE like jet brains, but i was wondering if I could go 1 step further and have use a piece of software to purpose as an IDE and have a customizable GUI that I could use to automate class construction and such, for example, I have it set up right now so that everytime I want to create a new block (it's a platformer) I must copy a text file and fill in all the setting such as bounding box, sprite ect, it would be a lot easier if I could press a button and have a menu apear where I would fill in these values (I have a game maker background) is there software like this? If not what are some similar solutions to my problem?

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• Changing Ogre3D terrain lighting in real time

  - by lezebulon

  I'm looking at the Ogre 3D library and I'm browsing through some examples / tutorials. My question is about terrain. There are a few examples showing how great the terrain system is, but I think that the global illumination and shadows of the terrain have to be pre-computed, which kinda makes it impossible to integrate this with a day / night cycle. Is there a way to change the terrain light sources in real time? If so it is possible to do it and keep a decent FPS?

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• Mapping dynamic buffers in Direct3D11 in Windows Store apps

  - by Donnie

  I'm trying to make instanced geometry in Direct3D11, and the ID3D11DeviceContext1->Map() call is failing with the very helpful error of "Invalid Parameter" when I'm attempting to update the instance buffer. The buffer is declared as a member variable: Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> m_instanceBuffer; Then I create it (which succeeds): D3D11_BUFFER_DESC instanceDesc; ZeroMemory(&instanceDesc, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); instanceDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC; instanceDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(InstanceData) * MAX_INSTANCE_COUNT; instanceDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; instanceDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE; instanceDesc.MiscFlags = 0; instanceDesc.StructureByteStride = 0; DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&instanceDesc, NULL, &m_instanceBuffer)); However, when I try to map it: D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE inst; DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dContext->Map(m_instanceBuffer.Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE, 0, &inst)); The map call fails with E_INVALIDARG. Nothing is NULL incorrectly, and this being one of my first D3D apps I'm currently stumped on what to do next to track it down. I'm thinking I must be creating the buffer incorrectly, but I can't see how. Any input would be appreciated.

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• If statement causing xna sprites to draw frame by frame

  - by user1489599

  I’m a bit new to XNA but I wanted to write a simple program that would fire a cannon ball from a cannon at a 45 degree angle. It works fine outside of my keyboard i/o if statement, but when I encapsulate the code around an if statement checking to see if the user hits the space bar, the sprite will draw one frame at a time every time the space bar is hit. This is the code in question if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Space) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !skullBall.Alive) { //works outside the keyboard input if statement //{ skullBall.Position = cannon.Position; skullBall.DeltaY = -(float)(Math.Sin(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time + 0.5 * (gravity * (time * time))); skullBall.DeltaX = (float)(Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time); skullBall.Alive = true; //} } The skull ball represents the cannon ball and the cannon is just the starting point. DeltaX and DeltaY are the values I’m using to update the cannon balls position per update. I know it's dumb to have the cannon ball start at the cannons position every time the update is called but it’s not really noticeable right now. I was wondering if after examining my code, if anyone noticed any errors that would cause the sprite to display frame by frame instead of drawing it as a full animation of the cannon ball leaving the cannon and moving from there.

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• Turn based battle and formula

  - by Mark Chapman

  I'm building a game called DVP(Digimon Virtual Pet), and in this game other than taking care of your digimon, You can also battle and breed them. I'm working on the battle system (making it first cause the actual pet system will be easy compared to the netplay, or 39DLL)but here is the problem I don't want it to be "too" simple or "too" complicated, but I do want to go by a certain formula. There are str, def, spd, and int. Strength: How hard the attacking digimon is hitting Defense: How much damage your digimon can defend when being attacked Speed: The chance of you missing the enemy Intelligence (battle knowledge): The chance of you hitting a critical hit or defending a critical hit. I can make a super simple turn based example, but I don't know how exactly to make the formulas for what I've explained above, any help?

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• Why don't Normal maps in tangent space have a single blue color?

  - by seahorse

  Normal maps are predominantly blue in color because the z component maps to Blue and since normals point out of the surface in the z direction we see Blue as the predominant component. If the above is true then why are normal maps just of one color i.e. blue and they should not be having any other shades(not even shades of blue) Since by definition tangent space is perpendicular to normal at any point we should have the normal always pointing in the Z (Blue direction) with no X(Red component) and Y(Green component). Thus the normal map(since it is a "normal map") should have had color of normals which is just the Blue(Z =Blue compoennt = 1, R=0, G=0) and the normal map should have been of only Blue color with no shades in between. But even then normal maps are not so, and they have gradients of shades in them, why is this so?

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• Object detection in bitmap JavaScript canvas

  - by fallenAngel

  I want to detect clicks on canvas elements which are drawn using paths. So far I have stored element paths in a JavaScript data structure and then check the coordinates of hits which match the element's coordinates. Rendering each element path and checking the hits would be inefficient when there are a lot of elements. I believe there must be an algorithm for this kind of coordinate search, can anyone help me with this?

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• Arbitrary projection matrix from 6 arbitrary frustum planes

  - by Doub

  A projection matrix represent a tranformation from the camera view space to the rendering system clip space. In other words, it defines the transormation between a 6-sided frustum to the clip cube. The glOrtho and glFrustum use only 6 parameter to define such a projection, but impose several constraints on the frustum that will get projected to the clip cube: the near and far planes are parallel, the left and right planes intersect on a vertical line, and the top and bottom planes intersect on a horizontal lines, both lines being parallel to the near and far planes. I'd like to lift these restrictions. So, from the definition of the 6 frustum side planes (in whatever representation you see fit), how can I compute a general projection matrix?

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• Implmenting RLE into a tilemap or how to create a large 3D array?

  - by Smallbro

  Currently I've been using a 3D array for my tiles in a 2D world but the 3D side comes in when moving down into caves and whatnot. Now this is not memory efficient and I switched over to a 2D array and can now have much larger maps. The only issue I'm having now is that it seems that my tiles cannot occupy the same space as a tile on the same z level. My current structure means that each block has its own z variable. This is what it used to look like: map.blockData[x][y][z] = new Block(); however now it works like this map.blockData[x][y] = new Block(z); I'm not sure why but if I decide to use the same space on say the floor below it wont allow me to. Does anyone have any ideas on how I can add a z-axis to my 2D array? I'm using java but I reckon the concept carries across different languages. Edit: As Will posted, RLE sounds like the best method for achieving a fast 3D array. However I'm struggling to understand how I would even start to implement it? Would I create a 4D array the 4th being something which controls how many to skip? Or would the x-axis simply change altogether and have large gaps in between - for example [5][y][z] would skip 5 tiles? Is there something really obvious here which I am missing? The number of z levels I'm trying to have is around 66, it would be preferably that I can have up to or more than 1000 in x and y.

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• SFML - Moving a sprite on mouseclick

  - by Mike

  I want to be able to move a sprite from a current location to another based upon where the user clicks in the window. This is the code that I have: #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> int main() { // Create the main window sf::RenderWindow App(sf::VideoMode(800, 600), "SFML window"); // Load a sprite to display sf::Texture Image; if (!Image.LoadFromFile("cb.bmp")) return EXIT_FAILURE; sf::Sprite Sprite(Image); // Define the spead of the sprite float spriteSpeed = 200.f; // Start the game loop while (App.IsOpened()) { if (sf::Keyboard::IsKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Escape)) App.Close(); if (sf::Mouse::IsButtonPressed(sf::Mouse::Right)) { Sprite.SetPosition(sf::Mouse::GetPosition(App).x, sf::Mouse::GetPosition(App).y); } // Clear screen App.Clear(); // Draw the sprite App.Draw(Sprite); // Update the window App.Display(); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } But instead of just setting the position I want to use Sprite.Move() and gradually move the sprite from one position to another. The question is how? Later I plan on adding a node system into each map so I can use Dijkstra's algorithm, but I'll still need this for moving between nodes.

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• How would I balance a multiplayer competitive game

  - by Simon

  I'm looking at my first foray into developing a game, and would love to know whether you guys have any thoughts on game balancing on limited multiplayer games. The game I have in mind involves a neutral player that has to achieve a goal, with two supporting "deity" players who are one of 'good' and 'evil' - One of the deity players would try to help the player achieve their goal, while the other would try to thwart them. Any thoughts or pointers on how I can ensure the deities are balanced? If you want me to expand, I will, just didn't want to give away too much of the game play before I finish it.

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