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• Correcting Lighting in Stencil Reflections

  - by Reanimation

  I'm just playing around with OpenGL seeing how different methods of making shadows and reflections work. I've been following this tutorial which describes using GLUT_STENCIL's and MASK's to create a reasonable interpretation of a reflection. Following that and a bit of tweaking to get things to work, I've come up with the code below. Unfortunately, the lighting isn't correct when the reflection is created. glPushMatrix(); plane(); //draw plane that reflection appears on glColorMask(GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE); glDepthMask(GL_FALSE); glEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST); glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 1, 0xFFFFFFFF); glStencilOp(GL_REPLACE, GL_REPLACE, GL_REPLACE); plane(); //draw plane that acts as clipping area for reflection glColorMask(GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE); glDepthMask(GL_TRUE); glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, 1, 0xFFFFFFFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP); glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glPushMatrix(); glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glTranslatef(0,2,0); glRotatef(180,0,1,0); sphere(radius, spherePos); //draw object that you want to have a reflection glPopMatrix(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST); sphere(radius, spherePos); //draw object that creates reflection glPopMatrix(); It looked really cool to start with, then I noticed that the light in the reflection isn't correct. I'm not sure that it's even a simple fix because effectively the reflection is also a sphere but I thought I'd ask here none-the-less. I've tried various rotations (seen above the first time the sphere is drawn) but it doesn't seem to work. I figure it needs to rotate around the Y and Z axis but that's not correct. Have I implemented the rotation wrong or is there a way to correct the lighting?

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• Good practices in screen states management?

  - by DevilWithin

  I wonder what are the best ways to organize different screens in a game? I am thinking of it like this: Inheriting a base State class, and overriding update and render methods, to handle the current screen. Then, under certain events a StateManager is able to activate another Screen State, and the game screen changes as only the current State is rendered. On the activation of a new screen, effects like fading could be added, and also the same goes for its deactivation. This way a flow of screen could be made. By saying when A ends, B starts, allowing for complex animations etc. Toughts?

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• Cutting out smaller rectangles from a larger rectangle

  - by Mauro Destro

  The world is initially a rectangle. The player can move on the world border and then "cut" the world via orthogonal paths (not oblique). When the player reaches the border again I have a list of path segments they just made. I'm trying to calculate and compare the two areas created by the path cut and select the smaller one to remove it from world. After the first iteration, the world is no longer a rectangle and player must move on border of this new shape. How can I do this? Is it possible to have a non rectangular path? How can I move the player character only on path? EDIT Here you see an example of what I'm trying to achieve: Initial screen layout. Character moves inside the world and than reaches the border again. Segment of the border present in the smaller area is deleted and last path becomes part of the world border. Character moves again inside the world. Segments of border present in the smaller area are deleted etc.

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• Can i change the order of these OpenGL / Win32 calls?

  - by Adam Naylor

  I've been adapting the NeHe ogl/win32 code to be more object orientated and I don't like the way some of the calls are structured. The example has the following pseudo structure: Register window class Change display settings with a DEVMODE Adjust window rect Create window Get DC Find closest matching pixel format Set the pixel format to closest match Create rendering context Make that context current Show the window Set it to foreground Set it to having focus Resize the GL scene Init GL The points in bold are what I want to move into a rendering class (the rest are what I see being pure win32 calls) but I'm not sure if I can call them after the win32 calls. Essentially what I'm aiming for is to encapsulate the Win32 calls into a Platform::Initiate() type method and the rest into a sort of Renderer::Initiate() method. So my question essentially boils down to: "Would OpenGL allow these methods to be called in this order?" Register window class Adjust window rect Create window Get DC Show the window Set it to foreground Set it to having focus Change display settings with a DEVMODE Find closest matching pixel format Set the pixel format to closest match Create rendering context Make that context current Resize the GL scene Init GL (obviously passing through the appropriate window handles and device contexts.) Thanks in advance.

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• How to make image bigger than the screen to be slideable in the screen in monogame for windows phone 8?

  - by Moses Aprico

  (Idk if my title is correct, because when I google it, there is no related result I guess) I am not sure how to explain it correctly, but I am making a plain 2D, tile based, tactic game in windows phone 8 using monogame. I want to make my map is "slideable". With "slidable" I mean I can draw larger images (in total) than my screen and then slide it so I can view a certain area of the drawn images Example : I have a screen which dimension is 1280x720. I have a 1500x1500px image, which consists of 15 tiles, which is 100x100px each, which each tiles is redrawn each times the "Draw" is called. If the image is larger than the screen, the displayed area will be trimmed and of course, making a 220x780px area that is unseenable. The only way to see all of it is through "sliding" the screen around, so I can see all the area. My question is : How to make that happen? Because in default, the screen is unslideable and the image remains trimmed. Sorry if my question and explanation is not clear enough. Clarify it as much as you like. Thank you.

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• bump mapping with 2 normal maps

  - by DorkMonstuh

  I was wondering if its actually possible to do bump mapping with 2 normal maps... I have tried doing it this way however I get a function overload on max and dot. uniform sampler2D n_mapTex; uniform sampler2D n_mapTex2; uniform sampler2D refTex; varying mediump vec2 TexCoord; varying mediump float vTime; void main() { mediump vec4 wave = texture2D(n_mapTex, TexCoord - vTime); mediump vec4 wave2 = texture2D(n_mapTex2, TexCoord + vTime); mediump vec4 bump = mix(wave2, wave, 0.5); //this extracts the normals from the combined normal maps mediump vec4 normal = normalize(bump.xyzw * 2.0 - 1.0); //determines light position mediump vec3 lightPos = normalize(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 3.0)); mediump float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightPos),0.0); gl_FragColor = mix(texture2D(refTex, TexCoord), bump, 0.5); }

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• How do I pass vertex and color positions to OpenGL shaders?

  - by smoth190

  I've been trying to get this to work for the past two days, telling myself I wouldn't ask for help. I think you can see where that got me... I thought I'd try my hand at a little OpenGL, because DirectX is complex and depressing. I picked OpenGL 3.x, because even with my OpenGL 4 graphics card, all my friends don't have that, and I like to let them use my programs. There aren't really any great tutorials for OpenGL 3, most are just "type this and this will happen--the end". I'm trying to just draw a simple triangle, and so far, all I have is a blank screen with my clear color (when I set the draw type to GL_POINTS I just get a black dot). I have no idea what the problem is, so I'll just slap down the code: Here is the function that creates the triangle: void CEntityRenderable::CreateBuffers() { m_vertices = new Vertex3D[3]; m_vertexCount = 3; m_vertices[0].x = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[0].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[0].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].x = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[1].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[1].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].x = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].y = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[2].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].a = 1.0f; //Create the VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vaoID); //Bind the VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Create a vertex buffer glGenBuffers(1, &m_vboID); //Bind the buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vboID); //Set the buffers data glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_vertices), m_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Set its usage glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex3D), 0); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, sizeof(Vertex3D), (void*)(3*sizeof(float))); //Enable glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //Check for errors if(glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) { Error("Failed to create VBO: %s", gluErrorString(glGetError())); } //Unbind... glBindVertexArray(0); } The Vertex3D struct is as such... struct Vertex3D { Vertex3D() : x(0), y(0), z(0), r(0), g(0), b(0), a(1) {} float x, y, z; float r, g, b, a; }; And finally the render function: void CEntityRenderable::RenderEntity() { //Render... glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Use our attribs glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, m_vertexCount); glBindVertexArray(0); //unbind OnRender(); } (And yes, I am binding and unbinding the shader. That is just in a different place) I think my problem is that I haven't fully wrapped my mind around this whole VertexAttribArray thing (the only thing I like better in DirectX was input layouts D:). This is my vertex shader: #version 330 //Matrices uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; //In values layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; //Out values out vec3 frag_color; //Main shader void main(void) { //Position in world gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); //gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); //No color changes frag_color = color; } As you can see, I've disable the matrices, because that just makes debugging this thing so much harder. I tried to debug using glslDevil, but my program just crashes right before the shaders are created... so I gave up with that. This is my first shot at OpenGL since the good old days of LWJGL, but that was when I didn't even know what a shader was. Thanks for your help :)

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• How to get this wavefront .obj data onto the frustum?

  - by NoobScratcher

  I've finally figured out how to get the data from a .obj file and store the vertex positions x,y,z into a structure called Points with members x y z which are of type float. I want to know how to get this data onto the screen. Here is my attempt at doing so: //make a fileobject and store list and the index of that list in a c string ifstream file (list[index].c_str() ); std::vector<int>faces; std::vector<Point>points; points.push_back(Point()); Point p; int face[4]; while ( !file.eof() ) { char modelbuffer[10000]; //Get lines and store it in line string file.getline(modelbuffer, 10000); switch(modelbuffer[0]) { case 'v' : sscanf(modelbuffer, "v %f %f %f", &p.x, &p.y, &p.z); points.push_back(p); cout << "Getting Vertex Positions" << endl; cout << "v" << p.x << endl; cout << "v" << p.y << endl; cout << "v" << p.z << endl; break; case 'f': sscanf(modelbuffer, "f %d %d %d %d", face, face+1, face+2, face+3 ); cout << face[0] << endl; cout << face[1] << endl; cout << face[2] << endl; cout << face[3] << endl; faces.push_back(face[0]); faces.push_back(face[1]); faces.push_back(face[2]); faces.push_back(face[3]); } GLuint vertexbuffer; glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.size(), points.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); //glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(points), &(points[0]), GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(points),points.data()); glIndexPointer(GL_DOUBLE, 0, faces.data()); glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, points.size()); glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, faces.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces.data()); } As you can see I've clearly failed the end part but I really don't know why its not rendering the data onto the frustum? Does anyone have a solution for this?

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• Which 3D file formats support multiple animations? [on hold]

  - by Justin

  I'm working on a 3D application that uses Assimp to import 3D models with animations. Personally, I use Blender to create the models and animations. I'm having trouble exporting multiple animations, however. For example, I'd like to have an idle animation, a walk animation, a run animation, etc. So far I've tried COLLADA and DirectX without much success. The COLLADA export will include the first animation, but not any of the others. The DirectX doesn't include any animation. Which 3D file formats support multiple animations? (Preferably one that Assimp can import. Also, the Assimp website says that it doesn't support .blend files with animation, otherwise I'd just do that.)

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• Bullet Physics implementing custom MotionState class

  - by Arosboro

  I'm trying to make my engine's camera a kinematic rigid body that can collide into other rigid bodies. I've overridden the btMotionState class and implemented setKinematicPos which updates the motion state's tranform. I use the overridden class when creating my kinematic body, but the collision detection fails. I'm doing this for fun trying to add collision detection and physics to Sean O' Neil's Procedural Universe I referred to the bullet wiki on MotionStates for my CPhysicsMotionState class. If it helps I can add the code for the Planetary rigid bodies, but I didn't want to clutter the post. Here is my motion state class: class CPhysicsMotionState: public btMotionState { protected: // This is the transform with position and rotation of the camera CSRTTransform* m_srtTransform; btTransform m_btPos1; public: CPhysicsMotionState(const btTransform &initialpos, CSRTTransform* srtTransform) { m_srtTransform = srtTransform; m_btPos1 = initialpos; } virtual ~CPhysicsMotionState() { // TODO Auto-generated destructor stub } virtual void getWorldTransform(btTransform &worldTrans) const { worldTrans = m_btPos1; } void setKinematicPos(btQuaternion &rot, btVector3 &pos) { m_btPos1.setRotation(rot); m_btPos1.setOrigin(pos); } virtual void setWorldTransform(const btTransform &worldTrans) { btQuaternion rot = worldTrans.getRotation(); btVector3 pos = worldTrans.getOrigin(); m_srtTransform->m_qRotate = CQuaternion(rot.x(), rot.y(), rot.z(), rot.w()); m_srtTransform->SetPosition(CVector(pos.x(), pos.y(), pos.z())); m_btPos1 = worldTrans; } }; I add a rigid body for the camera: // Create rigid body for camera btCollisionShape* cameraShape = new btSphereShape(btScalar(5.0f)); btTransform startTransform; startTransform.setIdentity(); // forgot to add this line CVector vCamera = m_srtCamera.GetPosition(); startTransform.setOrigin(btVector3(vCamera.x, vCamera.y, vCamera.z)); m_msCamera = new CPhysicsMotionState(startTransform, &m_srtCamera); btScalar tMass(80.7f); bool isDynamic = (tMass != 0.f); btVector3 localInertia(0,0,0); if (isDynamic) cameraShape->calculateLocalInertia(tMass,localInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo rbInfo(tMass, m_msCamera, cameraShape, localInertia); m_rigidBody = new btRigidBody(rbInfo); m_rigidBody->setCollisionFlags(m_rigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT); m_rigidBody->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); This is the code in Update() that runs each frame: CSRTTransform srtCamera = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetCamera(); Quaternion qRotate = srtCamera.m_qRotate; btQuaternion rot = btQuaternion(qRotate.x, qRotate.y, qRotate.z, qRotate.w); CVector vCamera = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetPosition(); btVector3 pos = btVector3(vCamera.x, vCamera.y, vCamera.z); CPhysicsMotionState* cameraMotionState = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetMotionState(); cameraMotionState->setKinematicPos(rot, pos);

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• techniques for displaying vehicle damage

  - by norca

  I wonder how I can displaying vehicle damage. I am talking about an good way to show damage on screen. Witch kind of model are common in games and what are the benefits of them. What is state of the art? One way i can imagine is to save a set of textures (normal/color/lightmaps, etc) to a state of the car (normal, damage, burnt out) and switch or blending them. But is this really good without changing the model? Another way i was thinking about is preparing animations for different locations on my car, something like damage on the front, on the leftside/rightside or on the back. And start blending the specific animation. But is this working with good textures? Whats about physik engines? Is it usefull to use it for deforming vertexdata? i think losing parts of my car (doors, sirens, weapons) can looks really nice. my game is a kind of rts in a top down view. vehicles are not the really most importend units (its no racing game), but i have quite a lot in. thx for help

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• Using Instance Nodes, worth it?

  - by Twitch

  I am making a 2d game where there are various environments with lots and lots of objects. There is a forest scene with like 1200 objects in total(trees mainly), of which around 100 are visible on the camera at any given time, as you move through the level. These are comprised of around 20 different kind of trees and other props. Each object is usually 2-6 triangles with a transparent texture. My developer asked me to replace each object in the scene with a node, and keeping only a minimal amount of actual objects which would be 300+ or so(?), since there are a few modified unique meshes. So he can instantiate the actual objects to keep the game light. Is this actually effective? And if so how much? I 've read about draw calls and such and I suppose that if I combine each texture (10 kinds of trees) in 1 mesh it will have the same effect?

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• Why is C++ used for game engines? How about its future in game engines?

  - by kasperov

  C++, as I have seen, is being heavily used in 3d video game engines.... Is it because of the performance issues, legecy code or libraries such as DriverX? If performance, libraries and code infrastructure are the reasons, dosen't that make C++ indispensible, at least for game engines? (ie, we have no other option even in the very distant future). I asked this because, I have the right to know the upcomming future trends in game engines.

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• Particle trajectory smoothing: where to do the simulation?

  - by nkint

  I have a particle system in which I have particles that are moving to a target and the new targets are received via network. The list of new target are some noisy coordinates of a moving target stored in the server that I want to smooth in the client. For doing the smoothing and the particle I wrote a simple particle engine with standard euler integration model. So, my pseudo code is something like that: # pseudo code class Particle: def update(): # do euler motion model integration: # if the distance to the target is more than a limit # add a new force to the accelleration # seeking the target, # and add the accelleration to velocity # and velocity to the position positionHistory.push_back(position); if history.length > historySize : history.pop_front() class ParticleEngine: particleById = dict() # an associative array # where the keys are the id # and particle istances are sotred as values # this method is called each time a new tcp packet is received and parsed def setNetTarget(int id, Vec2D new_target): particleById[id].setNewTarget(new_target) # this method is called each new frame def draw(): for p in particleById.values: p.update() beginVertex(LINE_STRIP) for v in p.positionHistory: vertex(v.x, v.y) endVertex() The new target that are arriving are noisy but setting some accelleration/velocity parameters let the particle to have a smoothed trajectories. But if a particle trajectory is a circle after a while the particle position converge to the center (a normal behaviour of euler integration model). So I decided to change the simulation and use some other interpolation (spline?) or smooth method (kalman filter?) between the targets. Something like: switch( INTERPOLATION_MODEL ): case EULER_MOTION: ... case HERMITE_INTERPOLATION: ... case SPLINE_INTERPOLATION: ... case KALMAN_FILTER_SMOOTHING: ... Now my question: where to write the motion simulation / trajectory interpolation? In the Particle? So I will have some Particle subclass like ParticleEuler, ParticleSpline, ParticleKalman, etc..? Or in the particle engine?

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• The most efficent ways for drawing lines all day long with OpenGL

  - by nkint

  I'd like to put a computer screen that is running an OpenGL programs in a room. It has to run all day long (not in the night). I'd like to draw lines that are slowly fading in the background. The setting is simple: a uniform color background (say, black) and colored lines (say, white) that are slowly fading out. With slowly I mean.. hours. Say that the first line I draw is with alpha 255 (fully visible), after one hours is 240. After 10 hours is 105. One line could have 250 points and there will be like 300 line in one day. For now I have done a prototype with very rudimentary method like: glBegin( GL_LINE_STRIP ); iterator = point_list.begin(); for (++iterator, end = point_list.end(); iterator != end; ++iterator) { const Vec3D &v = *iterator; glVertex2f(v.x(), v.y()); } glEnd(); More efficient method?

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• How to implement behavior in a component-based game architecture?

  - by ghostonline

  I am starting to implement player and enemy AI in a game, but I am confused about how to best implement this in a component-based game architecture. Say I have a following player character that can be stationary, running and swinging a sword. A player can transit to the swing sword state from both the stationary and running state, but then the swing must be completed before the player can resume standing or running around. During the swing, the player cannot walk around. As I see it, I have two implementation approaches: Create a single AI-component containing all player logic (either decoupled from the actual component or embedded as a PlayerAIComponent). I can easily how to enforce the state restrictions without creating coupling between individual components making up the player entity. However, the AI-component cannot be broken up. If I have, for example, an enemy that can only stand and walk around or only walks around and occasionally swing a sword, I have to create new AI-components. Break the behavior up in components, each identifying a specific state. I then get a StandComponent, WalkComponent and SwingComponent. To enforce the transition rules, I have to couple each component. SwingComponent must disable StandComponent and WalkComponent for the duration of the swing. When I have an enemy that only stands around, swinging a sword occasionally, I have to make sure SwingComponent only disables WalkComponent if it is present. Although this allows for better mix-and-matching components, it can lead to a maintainability nightmare as each time a dependency is added, the existing components must be updated to play nicely with the new requirements the dependency places on the character. The ideal situation would be that a designer can build new enemies/players by dragging components into a container, without having to touch a single line of engine or script code. Although I am not sure script coding can be avoided, I want to keep it as simple as possible. Summing it all up: Should I lob all AI logic into one component or break up each logic state into separate components to create entity variants more easily?

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• NVidia control panel SSAO not working

  - by János Turánszki

  I am just before implementing screen space ambient occlusion in my game, but first I wanted to try enabling it from NVidia control panel only to find out that it is greyed out so that I can not enable it. With this I could enable SSAO for some other games, but not every one. I know this technique requires the depth buffer and (optionally) a normal map texture to sample information from which I already have access to given I have a deferred renderer working. After that I actually thought to roll back to a previous version of my game which still uses forward rendering so the depth buffer is actually bound to the backbuffer which I render to from the get-go so that maybe the NVidia control panel would somehow make use of it. It was not working with forward rendering either. (I also tried FXAA in the control panel and that works - but it doesn't need any depth or normal texture) So my question is that how can I enable this function so that it would work by enabling it in the NVidia control panel?

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• Why do we use the Pythagorean theorem in game physics?

  - by Starkers

  I've recently learned that we use Pythagorean theorem a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagorean theorem! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagorean theorem to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagorean theorem so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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• 3D physics engine for accurate collision handling on desktop/laptop computers (non-console)

  - by Georges Oates Larsen

  What are your suggestions for a physics engine that satisfies the following criteria? Capable of calculating collisions between multiple concave mesh-based colliders Handles many collisions going on at once (for instance one mesh being wedged between two others, which themselves may be wedged between two meshes) Does not allow for collider passthrough, even at high speeds. For instance, if I am applying force to a programmatically hinged object that makes it spin, I do not want it to pass through another rigidbody that it collides with while spinning. I have this problem using PhysX As implied before, reacts well to hinged objects, preferably has its own implementation of a hinge, but I am willing to program my own. The important part is that it has some sort of interface that guarantees accurate collision tracking even when dealing with these things Platform independent -- runs on mac as well as PC, also not tied down to specific graphics cards I think that's the best way to explain what I am looking for. Basically, I need SUPER reliable collisions. Something that can't be accomplished with a simple ray casting approach that sends a ray from the last position of the object to the current position (as this object may be potentially large and colliding with small objects via rotation) Bonus points for also including an OPEN SOURCE engine.

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• Ray Picking Problems

  - by A Name I Haven't Decided On

  I've read so many answers on here about how to do Ray Picking, that I thought I had the idea of it down. But when I try to implement it in my game, I get garbage. I'm working with LWJGL. Here's the code: public static Ray getPick(int mouseX, int mouseY){ glPushMatrix(); //Setting up the Mouse Clip Vector4f mouseClip = new Vector4f((float)mouseX * 2 / 960f - 1, 1 - (float)mouseY * 2 / 640f ,0 ,1); //Loading Matrices FloatBuffer modMatrix = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16); FloatBuffer projMatrix = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16); glGetFloat(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, modMatrix); glGetFloat(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projMatrix); //Assigning Matrices Matrix4f proj = new Matrix4f(); Matrix4f model = new Matrix4f(); model.load(modMatrix); proj.load(projMatrix); //Multiplying the Projection Matrix by the Model View Matrix Matrix4f tempView = new Matrix4f(); Matrix4f.mul(proj, model, tempView); tempView.invert(); //Getting the Camera Position in World Space. The 4th Column of the Model View Matrix. model.invert(); Point cameraPos = new Point(model.m30, model.m31, model.m32); //Theoretically getting the vector the Picking Ray goes Vector4f rayVector = new Vector4f(); Matrix4f.transform(tempView, mouseClip, rayVector); rayVector.translate((float)-cameraPos.getX(),(float) -cameraPos.getY(),(float) -cameraPos.getZ(), 0f); rayVector.normalise(); glPopMatrix(); //This Basically Spits out a value that changes as the Camera moves. //When the Mouse moves, the values change around 0.001 points from screen edge to edge. System.out.format("Vector: %f %f %f%n", rayVector.x, rayVector.y, rayVector.z); //return new Ray(cameraPos, rayVector); return null; } I don't really know why this isn't working. I was hoping some more experienced eyes might be able to help me out. I can get the camera position like a champ, it's the vector the rays going in that I can't seem to get right. Thanks.

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• Amazon GameCircle Integration

  - by user1095509

  I'm trying to integrate Amazon GameCircle and I have been able to successfully initialize GameCircle in my app, but the problem is when I click on the button that displays achievements, the GameCircle achievement list comes up but it says "You have unlocked 0 of 0 achievements". Same happens with leaderboards i.e there are no leaderboards for this app. I have created a Leaderboard and a few achievements on the online developer portal for Amazon but they don't show for some reason. Can someone help me with this. Any links/resources that help with integrating GameCircle will be appreciated. Thanks.

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• List has no value after adding values in

  - by Sigh-AniDe

  I am creating a a ghost sprite that will mimic the main sprite after 10 seconds of the game. I am storing the users movements in a List<string> and i am using a foreach loop to run the movements. The problem is when i run through the game by adding breakpoints the movements are being added to the List<string> but when the foreach runs it shows that the list has nothing in it. Why does it do that? How can i fix it? this is what i have: public List<string> ghostMovements = new List<string>(); public void UpdateGhost(float scalingFactor, int[,] map) { // At this foreach, ghostMovements has nothing in it foreach (string s in ghostMovements) { // current position of the ghost on the tiles int mapX = (int)(ghostPostition.X / scalingFactor); int mapY = (int)(ghostPostition.Y / scalingFactor); if (s == "left") { switch (ghostDirection) { case ghostFacingUp: angle = 1.6f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingRight; Program.form.direction = ""; break; case ghostFacingRight: angle = 3.15f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingDown; Program.form.direction = ""; break; case ghostFacingDown: angle = -1.6f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingLeft; Program.form.direction = ""; break; case ghostFacingLeft: angle = 0.0f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingUp; Program.form.direction = ""; break; } } } } // The movement is captured here and added to the list public void captureMovement() { ghostMovements.Add(Program.form.direction); }

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• Why do I have an error when adding states in slick?

  - by SystemNetworks

  When I was going to create another state I had an error. This is my code: public static final int play2 = 3; and public Game(String gamename){ this.addState(new mission(play2)); } and public void initStatesList(GameContainer gc) throws SlickException{ this.getState(play2).init(gc, this); } I have an error in the addState. above the above code. I don't know where is the problem. But if you want the whole code it is here: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.*; import org.newdawn.slick.state.*; public class Game extends StateBasedGame{ public static final String gamename = "NET FRONT"; public static final int menu = 0; public static final int play = 1; public static final int train = 2; public static final int play2 = 3; public Game(String gamename){ super(gamename); this.addState(new Menu(menu)); this.addState(new Play(play)); this.addState(new train(train)); this.addState(new mission(play2)); } public void initStatesList(GameContainer gc) throws SlickException{ this.getState(menu).init(gc, this); this.getState(play).init(gc, this); this.getState(train).init(gc, this); this.enterState(menu); this.getState(play2).init(gc, this); } public static void main(String[] args) { try{ AppGameContainer app =new AppGameContainer(new Game(gamename)); app.setDisplayMode(1500, 1000, false); app.start(); }catch(SlickException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } //SYSTEM NETWORKS(C) 2012 NET FRONT

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• Crash due to removal of Elements like CCSprite from NSMutableArray

  - by mayuur

  So, here's how it goes. I am currently working on Cocos2d game, which consists of many Obstacles. One obstacle gets added on the screen at an interval of 10 seconds like this. ObstacleSprite* newObstacle = [ObstacleSprite spriteWithFile:@"Obstacle.png" rect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 20, 20)]; newObstacle.position = ccp(mainPlayer1.position.x,10); [self addChild:newObstacle]; [self.arrayForObstacles addObject:newObstacle]; Now, I insert these obstacles into the arrayForObstacles because I also want to keep checking whether the Obstacles and MainPlayer don't collide. I check it with the help of this function. - (void) checkCollisionWithObstacle { if(mainPlayer1.playerActive) { for(int i = 0; i < [self.arrayForObstacles count]; i++) { ObstacleSprite* newObstacle = [self.arrayForObstacles objectAtIndex:i]; if(newObstacle != nil) { if(CGRectIntersectsRect([mainPlayer1 boundingBox], [newObstacle boundingBox])) { mainPlayer1.livesLeft--; } } } } } THE ISSUE Problem is when I get to certain score, one of the Obstacles gets deleted. Removal of Obstacles works as in First In-First Out (FIFO) mode. So, to delete obstacles, I write the following method : - (void) keepUpdatingScore { //update new score mainPlayer1.score+=10; //remove obstacle when score increases by 5k if(mainPlayer1.score > 5000 && mainPlayer1.score > 0) { mainPlayer1.playerActive = NO; if([self.arrayForObstacles count] > 0) { CCLOG(@"count is %d",[self.arrayForObstacles count]); ObstacleSprite* newObstacle = [self.arrayForObstacles objectAtIndex:0]; [self.arrayForObstacles removeObjectAtIndex:0]; [self removeChild:newObstacle cleanup:YES]; CCLOG(@"count is %d",[self.arrayForObstacles count]); } } else { } } It crashes when score crosses 5000 mark! UPDATE Crash happens when it again goes to the method checkCollisionWithObstacle. This is the THREAD Look. THis is the line Which crashes.

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• Almost working 2D Collisions

  - by TheGag96

  I'm terribly sorry I'm asking this question YET AGAIN, but I can almost guarantee that this will be the last time I'll have to ask. I'm currently on the verge of FINALLY getting these collisions to work for my game, made with libGDX in Java. My collisions use the same method as (and are basically copied and modified code from) the XNA Platformer example (here) where the direction of the collision is based on the rectangle where two objects are overlapping. The collisions themselves almost work perfectly, but for some reason, holding down/up and left and colliding with the floor/ceiling while doing so doesn't seem to work well. I'm not at all sure why. Instead of vaguely giving my problem and snippets of code, I've decided to instead provide a binary and the source of the game I have so far so you can see for yourself what my problem is. Link. (Note: make sure you unzip everything into a folder somewhere or it will not work) You'll find the collision code in the method workingCollisions() in Link.java. Please excuse the messy code and terrible graphics as this whole thing is in pre-pre-alpha. If anyone is kind enough and helps me out here, you are the best person ever. I'm completely desperate; I've been trying this on and off for months and I just can't get it to work. I cannot thank you enough.

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