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• Efficient skeletal animation

  - by Will

  I am looking at adopting a skeletal animation format (as prompted here) for an RTS game. The individual representation of each model on-screen will be small but there will be lots of them! In skeletal animation e.g. MD5 files, each individual vertex can be attached to an arbitrary number of joints. How can you efficiently support this whilst doing the interpolation in GLSL? Or do engines do their animation on the CPU? Or do engines set arbitrary limits on maximum joints per vertex and invoke nop multiplies for those joints that don't use the maximum number? Are there games that use skeletal animation in an RTS-like setting thus proving that on integrated graphics cards I have nothing to worry about in going the bones route?

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• How do I identify mouse clicks versus mouse down in games?

  - by Tristan

  What is the most common way of handling mouse clicks in games? Given that all you have in way of detecting input from the mouse is whether a button is up or down. I currently just rely on the mouse down being a click, but this simple approach limits me greatly in what I want to achieve. For example I have some code that should only be run once on a mouse click, but using mouse down as a mouse click can cause the code to run more then once depending on how long the button is held down for. So I need to do it on a click! But what is the best way to handle a click? Is a click when the mouse goes from mouse up to down or from down to up or is it a click if the button was down for less then x frames/milliseconds and then if so, is it considered mouse down and a click if its down for x frames/milliseconds or a click then mouse down? I can see that each of the approaches can have their uses but which is the most common in games? And maybe i'll ask more specifically which is the most common in RTS games?

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• Creating predefinied camera views - How do I move the camera to make sense while using Controller?

  - by Deukalion

  I'm trying to understand 3D but the one thing I can't seem to understand is the Camera. Right now I'm rendering four 3D Cubes with textures and I set the Project Matrix: public BasicCamera3D(float fieldOfView, float aspectRatio, float clipStart, float clipEnd, Vector3 cameraPosition, Vector3 cameraLookAt) { projection_fieldOfView = MathHelper.ToRadians(fieldOfView); projection_aspectRatio = aspectRatio; projection_clipstart = clipStart; projection_clipend = clipEnd; matrix_projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(projection_fieldOfView, aspectRatio, clipStart, clipEnd); view_cameraposition = cameraPosition; view_cameralookat = cameraLookAt; matrix_view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, cameraLookAt, Vector3.Up); } BasicCamera3D gameCamera = new BasicCamera3D(45f, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio, 1.0f, 1000f, new Vector3(0, 0, 8), new Vector3(0, 0, 0)); This creates a sort of "Top-Down" camera, with 8 (still don't get the unit type here - it's not pixels I guess?) But, if I try to position the camera at the side to make "Side-View" or "Reverse Side View" camera, the camera is rotating to much until it's turned around it a couple of times. I render the boxes at: new Vector3(-1, 0, 0) new Vector3(0, 0, 0) new Vector3(1, 0, 0) new Vector3(1, 0, 1) and with the Top-Down camera it shows good, but I don't get how I can make the camera show the side or 45 degrees from top (Like 3rd person action games) because the logic doesn't make sense. Also, since every object you render needs a new BasicEffect with a new projection/view/world - can you still use the "same" camera always so you don't have to create a new View/Matrix and such for each object. It's seems weird. If someone could help me get the camera to navigate around my objects "naturally" so I can be able to set a few predtermined views to choose from it would be really helpful. Are there some sort of algorithm to calculate the view for this and perhaps not simply one value? Examples: Top-Down-View: I have an object at 0, 0, 0 when I turn the right stick on the Xbox 360 Controller it should rotate around that object kind of, not flip and turn upside down, disappear and then magically appear as a tiny dot somewhere I have no clue where it is like it feels like it does now. Side-View: I have an object at 0, 0, 0 when I rotate to sides or up and down, the camera should be able to show a little more of the periphery to each side (depending on which you look at), and the same while moving up or down.

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• Ios Game with many animated Nodes,performance issues

  - by user31929

  I'm working in a large map upside-down game(not tiled map),the map i use is a city. I have to insert many node to create the "life of the city",something like people that cross the streets,cars,etc... Some of this characters are involved in physics and game logic but others are only graphic characters. For what i know the only way i can achive this result is to create each character node with or without physic body and animate each character with a texture atlas. In this way i think that i'll have many performance problems, (the characters will be something like 100/150) even if i'll apply all the performance tips that i know... My question is: with large numbers of characters there another programming pattern that i must follow ? What is the approch of game like simcity,simpsons tapped out for ios,etc... that have so many animation at the same time?

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• Trouble with UV Mapping Blender => Unity 3

  - by Lea Hayes

  For some reason I am getting nasty grey edges around the edges of rendered 3D models that are not present in Blender. I seem to be able to solve the problem by reducing the size of the UV coordinates within the part of the texture that is to be mapped. But this means that: I am wasting valuable texture space Loss of accuracy in drawn UV maps Could I be doing something wrong, perhaps a setting in Unity that needs changing? I have watched countless tutorials which demonstrate Blender default generated UV coordinates with "Texture Paint" which are perfectly aligned in Unity. Here is an illustration of the problem: Left: approximately 15 pixels of margin on each side of UV coordinates Right: Approximately 3 pixels of margin on each side of UV coordinates Note: Texture image resolution is 1024x1024

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• How to shoot a triangle out of an asteroid which floats all of the way up to the screen?

  - by Holland

  I currently have an asteroid texture loaded as my "test player" for the game I'm writing. What I'm trying to figure out how to do is get a triangle to shoot from the center of the asteroid, and keep going until it hits the top of the screen. What happens in my case (as you'll see from the code I've posted), is that the triangle will show, however it will either be a long line, or it will just be a single triangle which stays in the same location as the asteroid moving around (that disappears when I stop pressing the space bar), or it simply won't appear at all. I've tried many different methods, but I could use a formula here. All I'm trying to do is write a space invaders clone for my final in C#. I know how to code fairly well, my formulas just need work is all. So far, this is what I have: Main Logic Code protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target, Color.Black, 1, 1); mAsteroid.Draw(mSpriteBatch); if (mIsFired) { mPositions.Add(mAsteroid.LastPosition); mRay.Fire(mPositions); mIsFired = false; mRay.Bullets.Clear(); mPositions.Clear(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } Draw Code public void Draw() { VertexPositionColor[] vertices = new VertexPositionColor[3]; int stopDrawing = mGraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / mGraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height; for (int i = 0; i < mRayPos.Length(); ++i) { vertices[0].Position = new Vector3(mRayPos.X, mRayPos.Y + 5f, 10); vertices[0].Color = Color.Blue; vertices[1].Position = new Vector3(mRayPos.X - 5f, mRayPos.Y - 5f, 10); vertices[1].Color = Color.White; vertices[2].Position = new Vector3(mRayPos.X + 5f, mRayPos.Y - 5f, 10); vertices[2].Color = Color.Red; mShader.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); mGraphicsDevice.DrawUserPrimitives<VertexPositionColor>(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, vertices, 0, 1); mRayPos += new Vector2(0, 1f); mGraphicsDevice.ReferenceStencil = 1; } }

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• Collision Detection in Java for a game

  - by gordsmash

  Im making a game in Java with a few other people but we are stuck on one part of it, making the collision detection. The game is an RPG and I know how to do the collision detection with the characters using Rectangles, but what I dont know how to do is the collision detection for the maps. What I mean by that is like so the character cant walk over trees or water and that stuff but using rectangles doesnt seem like the best option here. Well to explain what the game maps are gonna look like, here is an example http://i980.photobucket.com/albums/ae287/gordsmash/7-8.jpg Now I could use rectangles to get bounds and stop the player from walking over the trees and water but that would take a lot of them. But is there another easier way to prevent the player from walking over the trees and obstacles besides using Rectangles?

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• Using idle time in turn-based (RPG) games for updating

  - by The Communist Duck

  If you take any turn based RPG game there will be large periods of time when nothing is happening because the game is looping over 'wait_for_player_input'. Naturally it seems sensible to use this time to update things. However, this immediately seems to suggest that it would need to be threaded. Is this sort of design possible in a single thread? loop: if not check_something_pressed: update_a_very_small_amount else keep going But if we says 'a_very_small_amount' is only updating a single object each loop, it's going to be very slow at updating. How would you go about this, preferably in a single thread? EDIT: I've tagged this language-agnostic as that seems the sensible thing, though anything more specific to Python would be great. ;-)

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• Game Engines with real time lighting

  - by Maik Klein

  I am studying computer graphics since 3 semesters and we just started with OpenGL. I really enjoy it and want to create my own little engine for learning purposes. I already read tons of different forum posts and saw the following engines. Panda3d, Ogre3d, NeoAxis, Irrlicht and Horde3d(graphics only). Now I don't want to use something like Unity or CryEngine because I want to start more low level. Which of those engines is suited for real-time rendering? Something that CryEngine offers - no baked lightmaps. Or at least gives me the option to add a real-time renderer?

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• Approaches to timed puzzle elements

  - by ndg

  I'm working on a side scrolling game that has a number of timed puzzle elements. As a simple example: I have a number of moving platforms that have been setup to transition in a pattern. Ideally I'd like to ensure that as the player first approaches them, they are in an ideal state -- whereby the player can witness the full transition and more experienced players (i.e: speedrunners) can complete the puzzle immediately without having to wait for the current transition to complete. The issue here, in a nutshell, is that because these platforms begin transitioning at the start of the level, it's impossible to correctly calculate when the player is likely to stumble upon them. I've done a fair bit of Googling but haven't managed to turn up any decent resources with regards to solving a problem like this. The obvious solution is to only begin updating the objects when the player (or more likely: the camera) first encounters them. But this becomes difficult when you consider more complicated situations. It seems like potentially the easiest way of handling this is to have an invisible trigger volume that will tell any puzzle elements located inside of it that the player has 'arrived' upon first colliding with the player. But this would mean I'd have to logically group puzzle elements, which could become fairly messy in a hurry. Take, for instance, a puzzle that appears to the right of the screen. It may take the player a number of seconds to reach it. It would look strange if the elements involved were to remain stationary. But by the time the player arrives, it's likely things will be 'out of sync'. I wanted to post here in the hopes that others know of, or have implemented, a decent solution to this problem?

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• How do I add shadow mapping?

  - by Jasper Creyf

  How do I add shadow mapping? I don't care if it uses GLSL it just has to work. I have been searching on stencil shadows and shadow mapping, all the examples given did nothing, if you don't understand that it means not even a single shadow is even being rendered. If you know how to add stencil shadows or shadow mapping, then please show some java code and if you're using GLSL then please show the code for them too.

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• Economic modelling - Resources for valuing goods

  - by Rushyo

  tl;dr: What economic/computer science books would you suggest for learning about economic valuation of goods and simulations thereof? I'm looking to create an economic model for a game based on goods created procedurally. Every natural resource and produced good would be procedurally generated, with certain goods being assigned certain uses. Fakesium might be used for the production of Weapon A and produced from Fakesium factories which use Dilithium and Widgets as reagents, where Widgets are also the product of Foo and Bar The problem is not creating the resources and their various production utlities - but getting the game's AI empires and merchants to correctly value the goods according to their scarcity, utility and production costs. I need to create a simulation of goods which allows the various game factions to assign a common value denominator (credits) to each resource, depending on how much its worth to that empire. I see the simulation being something like: "I have a high requirement for Weapon A. Since I don't have much of Fakesium, which is needed for Weapon A - I must have a high demand for Fakesium. If I can acquire Fakesium, devalue it. If not, increase its value - and also increase demand for Dilithium and Widgets too." This is very naive - because it may be much much cheaper for the empire to simply purchase Dilithium and Widgets directly rather than purchasing Fakesium, for example. Another example is two resources might allow the creation of Weapon A (Fakesium and Lieron), so we'd need to consider that. I've been scratching my head over the problem and it keeps growing. By the time the player joins the world, I'd expect enough iterations of this process to have occurred that prices would have largely normalised - and would then only trigger rarely to compensate for major changes (eg. if the player blows up the world's only Foo mine!) Could anyone suggest resources (books, largely) which outline this style of modelling, preferably in the context of simulations? Since this problem would never occur outside fantasy worlds, I figured this is probably the most likely place to find people who have encountered similar problems and I'm sure there's people who know of good places for Games Developers to start looking at less specific economic theory too. Additionally, does anyone know of any developers with blogs whose games or research applications perform similar modelling?

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• Traffic estimation for a multiplayer flash game

  - by Steve Addington

  hey, i want to know if my rough traffic estimations are right, it would be for a pretty simple realtime flashgame in the style of haxball (but not as a soccer game) heres a video of it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_xBdFg1RcI So here comes my estimation, i dont know if they are realistic! i hope someone can help me. consider the packet attached as a typical one sent every 200ms, its 148bytes + 64 bytes of header will make around a 200bytes packet. The server will receive 200bytes x 6 players x 5 times a sec=6000bytes/s=5.85Kbytes/s=46.9kbit/s plus he has to send all back to the players, so at this point are 94Kbit/s.The server received all the information, perform the definitive calculation and send the new position to all players, in a bigger packet of around 900bytes that have to be delivered to the others 6, which makes 900bytes x 6 players x 5 times a sec=27000bytes/s=26Kbytes/s=210kbit/s. overall that would be 26kbyte per second. thats like 130mb traffic per hour for a 6player room. but somehow i think the numbers are too high? that would be really much traffic for such a simple game. did i calculate something wrong?

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• XNA Required information to represent 2D Sprite graphically

  - by Fire-Dragon-DoL

  I was thinking about dividing my game engine into 2 threads: render thread and update thread (I can't come up on how to divide update thread from physic thread at the moment). That said, I have to duplicate all Sprite informations, what do I really need to represents a 2D Sprite graphically? Here are my ideas (I'll mark with ? things that I'm not sure): Vector2 Position float Rotation ? Vector2 Pivot ? Rectangle TextureRectangle Texture2D Texture Vector2 ImageOrigin ? (is it tracked somewhere else?) If you have any suggestion about using different types for datas, it's appreciated Last part of the question: isn't this a lot of data to copy in a buffer?what should I really copy in the buffer?I'm following this tutorial: http://www.sgtconker.com/2009/11/article-multi-threading-your-xna/3/ Thanks UPDATE 1: Newer values at the moment: Vector2 Position float Rotation Vector2 Pivot Rectangle TextureRectangle Texture2D Texture Color Color byte Facing (can be left or right, I'll do it with an enum) I re-read the tutorial, what I was doing wrong is not that I need to pass all those values, I need to pass only changed values as messages. UPDATE 2: Vector2 Position float Rotation Vector2 Pivot Rectangle TextureRectangle Texture2D Texture Color Color bool Flip uint DrawOrder Vector2 Scale bool Visible ? Mhhh, should Visibile be included?

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• Multiple Audio listeners in Scene

  - by Kevin Jensen Petersen

  THIS IS UNITY Im trying to make a FPS game over networking, it works fine. But now, when im trying to implement sound, it won't work. My guess would be, to add a Audio listener to the prefab, that gets instansiated whenever a player connects to the server, however the problem about this is that each player's audiolistener have been switched out which the other player(s), so the AudioSource won't play at the player, but at someone else in the game. Any suggestions ?

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• How do I get the compression on specific dynamic body

  - by Mike JM

  Sorry, I could not find any tag that would suit my question. Let me first show you the image and then write what I want to do: I'm using box2D. As you can see there are three dynamic bodies connected to each other (think of it as a table from front view).The LEG1 and LEG2 are connected to the static body. (it's the ground body). Another dynamic body is falling onto the table. I need to get the compression in the LEG1 and LEG2 separately. Joints have GetReactionForce() function which returns a b2Vec, which in turn has Length() and LengthSqd functions. This will give the total sum of the forces in any taken joint. But what I need is forces in individual bodies that are connected with joints. Once you connect several bodies with a single joint it again will show the sum of forces which is not useful.Here's the case iI'm talking about:

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• Setting up cube map texture parameters in OpenGL

  - by KaiserJohaan

  I see alot of tutorials and sources use the following code snippet when defining each face of a cube map: for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, 0, InternalFormat, size, size, 0, Format, Type, NULL); Is it safe to assume GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i will properly iterate the following cube map targets, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y etc?

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• Using Ogre particle point billboards with shaders

  - by Jay

  I'm learning about using Ogre particles and had some questions about how the point type particles work. Q. I believe point type particles are implemented as a single position. Is one single vertex is passed to the vertex shader? Q. If one vertex is passed to the vertex shader then what gets sent to the fragment shader? Q. Can I pass the particle size to the shader? Perhaps with a custom parameter?

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• Shadow Mapping and Transparent Quads

  - by CiscoIPPhone

  Shadow mapping uses the depth buffer to calculate where shadows should be drawn. My problem is that I'd like some semi transparent textured quads to cast shadows - for example billboarded trees. As the depth value will be set across all of the quad and not just the visible parts it will cast a quad shadow, which is not what I want. How can I make my transparent quads cast correct shadows using shadow mapping?

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• Game server for an android/iOS turn-based board-game

  - by Cyril

  I am currently programming an iPhone game and I would like to create an online multiplayer mode. In the future, this app will be port to Android devices, so I was wondering how to create the game-server? First at all, which language should I choose? How to make a server able to communicate both with programs written in objective-c and Java? Then, how to effectively do it? Is it good if I open a socket by client (there'll be 2)? What kind of information should I send to the server? to the clients?

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• AI Game Programming : Bayesian Networks, how to make efficient?

  - by Mahbubur R Aaman

  We know that AI is one of the most important part of Game Programming. Bayesian networks is one of the core part of AI at Game Programming. Bayesian networks are graphs that compactly represent the relationship between random variables for a given problem. These graphs aid in performing reasoning or decision making in the face of uncertainty. Here me, utilizing the monte carlo method and genetic algorithms. But tooks much time and sometimes crashes due to memory. Is there any way to implement efficiently?

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• How can I move along an angled collision at a constant speed?

  - by Raven Dreamer

  I have, for all intents and purposes, a Triangle class that objects in my scene can collide with (In actuality, the right side of a parallelogram). My collision detection and resolution code works fine for the purposes of preventing a gameobject from entering into the space of the Triangle, instead directing the movement along the edge. The trouble is, the maximum speed along the x and y axis is not equivalent in my game, and moving along the Y axis (up or down) should take twice as long as an equivalent distance along the X axis (left or right). Unfortunately, these speeds apply to the collision resolution too, and movement along the blue path above progresses twice as fast. What can I do in my collision resolution to make sure that the speedlimit for Y axis movement is obeyed in the latter case? Collision Resolution for this case below (vecInput and velocity are the position and velocity vectors of the game object): // y = mx+c lowY = 2*vecInput.x + parag.rightYIntercept ; ... else { // y = mx+c // vecInput.y = 2(x) + RightYIntercept // (vecInput.y - RightYIntercept) / 2 = x; //if velocity.Y (positive) greater than velocity.X (negative) //pushing from bottom, so push right. if(velocity.y > -1*velocity.x) { vecInput = new Vector2((vecInput.y - parag.rightYIntercept)/2, vecInput.y); Debug.Log("adjusted rightwards"); } else { vecInput = new Vector2( vecInput.x, lowY); Debug.Log("adjusted downwards"); } }

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• Separate shaders from HTML file in WebGL

  - by Chris Smith

  I'm ramping up on WebGL and was wondering what is the best way to specify my vertex and fragment shaders. Looking at some tutorials, the shaders are embedded directly in the HTML. (And referenced via an ID.) For example: <script id="shader_1-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment"> precision highp float; void main(void) { // ... } </script> <script id="shader_1-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex"> attribute vec3 aVertexPosition; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; // ... My question is, is it possible to have my shaders referenced in a separate file? (Ideally as plain text.) I presume this is straight forward in JavaScript. Is there essentially a way to do this: var shaderText = LoadRemoteFileOnSever('/shaders/shader_1.txt');

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• How to use lemodev highscore plugin for unity?

  - by user3889649

  I am trying to add a server-sided highscore system to my game in unity. I have downloaded the free lemodev highscore plugin from the asset store but I cant figure out how to use it. I know where to put my server info and so on but other what are you supposed to do ? I added the main camera prefab that came with the package to my scene but other than adding an additional camera it did precisely nothing ( at least it seems that way ). Could anyone look into it and tell me how to use it ? The developer's website seems to have no information on the subject.

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• Why does Farseer 2.x store temporaries as members and not on the stack? (.NET)

  - by Andrew Russell

  UPDATE: This question refers to Farseer 2.x. The newer 3.x doesn't seem to do this. I'm using Farseer Physics Engine quite extensively at the moment, and I've noticed that it seems to store a lot of temporary value types as members of the class, and not on the stack as one might expect. Here is an example from the Body class: private Vector2 _worldPositionTemp = Vector2.Zero; private Matrix _bodyMatrixTemp = Matrix.Identity; private Matrix _rotationMatrixTemp = Matrix.Identity; private Matrix _translationMatrixTemp = Matrix.Identity; public void GetBodyMatrix(out Matrix bodyMatrix) { Matrix.CreateTranslation(position.X, position.Y, 0, out _translationMatrixTemp); Matrix.CreateRotationZ(rotation, out _rotationMatrixTemp); Matrix.Multiply(ref _rotationMatrixTemp, ref _translationMatrixTemp, out bodyMatrix); } public Vector2 GetWorldPosition(Vector2 localPosition) { GetBodyMatrix(out _bodyMatrixTemp); Vector2.Transform(ref localPosition, ref _bodyMatrixTemp, out _worldPositionTemp); return _worldPositionTemp; } It looks like its a by-hand performance optimisation. But I don't see how this could possibly help performance? (If anything I think it would hurt by making objects much larger).

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