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  • SQL Server schema-owner permissions

    - by Andrew Bullock
    if i do: CREATE SCHEMA [test] AUTHORIZATION [testuser] testuser doesn't seem to have any permissions on the schema, is this correct? I thought as the principal that owns the schema, you had full control over it? What permission do i need to grant testuser so that it has full control over the test schema only? Edit: by "full control" i mean the ability to CRUD tables, views, sprocs etc Thanks

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  • SQL/Schema comparison and upgrade

    - by Workshop Alex
    I have a simple situation. A large organisation is using several different versions of some (desktop) application and each version has it's own database structure. There are about 200 offices and each office will have it's own version, which can be one of 7 different ones. The company wants to upgrade all applications to the latest versions, which will be version 8. The problem is that they don't have a separate database for each version. Nor do they have a separate database for each office. They have one single database which is handled by a dedicated server, thus keeping things like management and backups easier. Every office has it's own database schema and within the schema there's the whole database structure for their specific application version. As a result, I'm dealing with 200 different schema's which need to be upgraded, each with 7 possible versions. Fortunately, every schema knows the proper version so checking the version isn't difficult. But my problem is that I need to create upgrade scripts which can upgrade from version 1 to version 2 to version 3 to etc... Basically, all schema's need to be bumped up one version until they're all version 8. Writing the code that will do this is no problem. the challenge is how to create the upgrade script from one version to the other? Preferably with some automated tool. I've examined RedGate's SQL Compare and Altova's DatabaseSpy but they're not practical. Altova is way too slow. RedGate requires too much processing afterwards, since the generated SQL Script still has a few errors and it refers to the schema name. Furthermore, the code needs to become part of a stored procedure and the code generated by RedGate doesn't really fit inside a single procedure. (Plus, it's doing too much transaction-handling, while I need everything within a single transaction. I have been considering using another SQL Comparison tool but it seems to me that my case is just too different from what standard tools can deliver. So I'm going to write my own comparison tool. To do this, I'll be using ADOX with Delphi to read the catalogues for every schema version in the database, then use this to write the SQL Statements that will need to upgrade these schema's to their next version. (Comparing 1 with 2, 2 with 3, 3 with 4, etc.) I'm not unfamiliar with generating SQL-Script-Generators so I don't expect too many problems. And I'll only be upgrading the table structures, not any of the other database objects. So, does anyone have some good tips and tricks to apply when doing this kind of comparisons? Things to be aware of? Practical tips to increase speed?

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  • Generated queries contain schema and catalog name

    - by stacker
    I've the same problem as described here In the generated SQL Informix expects catalog:schema.table but what's actually generated is catalog.schema.table which leads to a syntax error. Setting: hibernate.default_catalog= hibernate.default_schema= had no effect. I even removed schema and catalog from the table annotation, this caused a different issues : the query looked like that ..table same for setting catalog and schema to an empty string. Versions seam 2.1.2 Hibernate Annotations 3.3.1.GA.CP01 Hibernate 3.2.4.sp1.cp08 Hibernate EntityManager 3.3.2.GAhibernate Jboss 4.3 (similar to 4.2.3)

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  • Objective-C wrapper API design methodology

    - by Wade Williams
    I know there's no one answer to this question, but I'd like to get people's thoughts on how they would approach the situation. I'm writing an Objective-C wrapper to a C library. My goals are: 1) The wrapper use Objective-C objects. For example, if the C API defines a parameter such as char *name, the Objective-C API should use name:(NSString *). 2) The client using the Objective-C wrapper should not have to have knowledge of the inner-workings of the C library. Speed is not really any issue. That's all easy with simple parameters. It's certainly no problem to take in an NSString and convert it to a C string to pass it to the C library. My indecision comes in when complex structures are involved. Let's say you have: struct flow { long direction; long speed; long disruption; long start; long stop; } flow_t; And then your C API call is: void setFlows(flow_t inFlows[4]); So, some of the choices are: 1) expose the flow_t structure to the client and have the Objective-C API take an array of those structures 2) build an NSArray of four NSDictionaries containing the properties and pass that as a parameter 3) create an NSArray of four "Flow" objects containing the structure's properties and pass that as a parameter My analysis of the approaches: Approach 1: Easiest. However, it doesn't meet the design goals Approach 2: For some reason, this seems to me to be the most "Objective-C" way of doing it. However, each element of the NSDictionary would have to be wrapped in an NSNumber. Now it seems like we're doing an awful lot just to pass the equivalent of a struct. Approach 3: Seems the cleanest to me from an object-oriented standpoint and the extra encapsulation could come in handy later. However, like #2, it now seems like we're doing an awful lot (creating an array, creating and initializing objects) just to pass a struct. So, the question is, how would you approach this situation? Are there other choices I'm not considering? Are there additional advantages or disadvantages to the approaches I've presented that I'm not considering?

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  • C# Design Questions

    - by guazz
    How to approach unit testing of private methods? I have a class that loads Employee data into a database. Here is a sample: public class EmployeeFacade { public Employees EmployeeRepository = new Employees(); public TaxDatas TaxRepository = new TaxDatas(); public Accounts AccountRepository = new Accounts(); //and so on for about 20 more repositories etc. public bool LoadAllEmployeeData(Employee employee) { if (employee == null) throw new Exception("..."); EmployeeRepository emps = new EmployeeRepository(); bool exists = emps.FetchExisting(emps.Id); if (!exists) { emps.AddNew(); } try { emps.Id = employee.Id; emps.Name = employee.EmployeeDetails.PersonalDetails.Active.Names.FirstName; emps.SomeOtherAttribute; } catch() {} try { emps.Save(); } catch(){} try { LoadorUpdateTaxData(employee.TaxData); } catch() {} try { LoadorUpdateAccountData(employee.AccountData); } catch() {} ... etc. for about 20 more other employee objects } private bool LoadorUpdateTaxData(employeeId, TaxData taxData) { if (taxData == null) throw new Exception("..."); ...same format as above but using AccountRepository } private bool LoadorUpdateAccountData(employee.TaxData) { ...same format as above but using TaxRepository } } I am writing an application to take serialised objects(e.g. Employee above) and load the data to the database. I have a few design question that I would like opinions on: A - I am calling this class "EmployeeFacade" because I am (attempting?) to use the facade pattern. Is it good practace to name the pattern on the class name? B - Is it good to call the concrete entities of my DAL layer classes "Repositories" e.g. "EmployeeRepository" ? C - Is using the repositories in this way sensible or should I create a method on the repository itself to take, say, the Employee and then load the data from there e.g. EmployeeRepository.LoadAllEmployeeData(Employee employee)? I am aim for cohesive class and but this will requrie the repository to have knowledge of the Employee object which may not be good? D - Is there any nice way around of not having to check if an object is null at the begining of each method? E - I have a EmployeeRepository, TaxRepository, AccountRepository declared as public for unit testing purpose. These are really private enities but I need to be able to substitute these with stubs so that the won't write to my database(I overload the save() method to do nothing). Is there anyway around this or do I have to expose them? F - How can I test the private methods - or is this done (something tells me it's not)? G- "emps.Name = employee.EmployeeDetails.PersonalDetails.Active.Names.FirstName;" this breaks the Law of Demeter but how do I adjust my objects to abide by the law?

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  • Design question for WinForms (C#) app, using Entity Framework

    - by cdotlister
    I am planning on writing a small home budget application for myself, as a learning excercise. I have built my database (SQL Server), and written a small console application to interact with it, and test out scenarios on my database. Once I am happy, my next step would be to start building the application - but I am already wondering what the best/standard design would be. I am palnning on using Entity Framework for handling my database entities... then linq to sql/objects for getting the data, all running under a WinForms (for now) application. My plan (I've never used EF... and most of my development background is Web apps) is to have my database... with Entity Framework in it's own project.. which has the connection to the database. This project would expose methods such as 'GetAccount()', 'GetAccount(int accountId)' etc. I'd then have a service project that references my EF project. And on top of that, my GUI project, which makes the calls to my service project. But I am stuck. Lets say I have a screen that displays a list of Account types (Debit, Credit, Loan...). Once I have selected one, the next drop down shows a list of accounts I have that suite that account type. So, my OnChange event on my DropDown on the account type control will make a call to the serviceLayer project, 'GetAccountTypes()', and I would expect back a List< of Account Types. However, the AccountType object ... what is that? That can't be the AccountType object from my EF project, as my GUI project doesn't have reference to it. Would I have to have some sort of Shared Library, shared between my GUI and my Service project, with a custom built AccountType object? The GUI can then expect back a list of these. So my service layer would have a method: public List<AccountType> GetAccountTypes() That would then make a call to a custom method in my EF project, which would probably be the same as the above method, except, it returns an list of EF.Data.AccountType (The Entity Framework generated Account Type object). The method would then have the linq code to get the data as I want it. Then my service layer will get that object, and transform it unto my custom AccountType object, and return it to the GUI. Does that sound at all like a good plan?

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  • Design pattern question: encapsulation or inheritance

    - by Matt
    Hey all, I have a question I have been toiling over for quite a while. I am building a templating engine with two main classes Template.php and Tag.php, with a bunch of extension classes like Img.php and String.php. The program works like this: A Template object creates a Tag objects. Each tag object determines which extension class (img, string, etc.) to implement. The point of the Tag class is to provide helper functions for each extension class such as wrap('div'), addClass('slideshow'), etc. Each Img or String class is used to render code specific to what is required, so $Img->render() would give something like <img src='blah.jpg' /> My Question is: Should I encapsulate all extension functionality within the Tag object like so: Tag.php function __construct($namespace, $args) { // Sort out namespace to determine which extension to call $this->extension = new $namespace($this); // Pass in Tag object so it can be used within extension return $this; // Tag object } function render() { return $this->extension->render(); } Img.php function __construct(Tag $T) { $args = $T->getArgs(); $T->addClass('img'); } function render() { return '<img src="blah.jpg" />'; } Usage: $T = new Tag("img", array(...); $T->render(); .... or should I create more of an inheritance structure because "Img is a Tag" Tag.php public static create($namespace, $args) { // Sort out namespace to determine which extension to call return new $namespace($args); } Img.php class Img extends Tag { function __construct($args) { // Determine namespace then call create tag $T = parent::__construct($namespace, $args); } function render() { return '<img src="blah.jpg" />'; } } Usage: $Img = Tag::create('img', array(...)); $Img->render(); One thing I do need is a common interface for creating custom tags, ie I can instantiate Img(...) then instantiate String(...), I do need to instantiate each extension using Tag. I know this is somewhat vague of a question, I'm hoping some of you have dealt with this in the past and can foresee certain issues with choosing each design pattern. If you have any other suggestions I would love to hear them. Thanks! Matt Mueller

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  • JavaScript Resource Management Design Pattern

    - by Adam
    As a web developer, a common problem I find myself tackling is waiting for something to load before doing something else. In particular, I often hide (using either display: none; or visibility: hidden; depending on the situation) elements while waiting for a background image or a CSS file to load. Consider this example from Last.FM. They overlay a semi-transparant PNG over each album art image so that it looks like it's inside a jewel-case. They let it load when it loads, so depending on your internet speed, you may see the art image by itself (without the overlay) temporarily. In this case, the album art looks fine without the jewel-case effect. But in similar situations, I have found that I don't want the user to see the site's design mangled as resources incrementally load. So, in rare cases I have hidden everything from the user until the whole kit and kaboodle has loaded. But this is often a pain to write out, and may force the user to wait for a pretty long time to see anything (besides "loading..." text). I can think of (and have used on occasion) some obvious solutions/compromises: Use some inline CSS so that as certain parts of the DOM load and render, they will immediately have the correct size/position/etc. Immediately render the navigation part of the site, so that if the user wanted to use the current page purely to get somewhere else, they don't have to wait for the rest to load. Load pixelated images first as placeholders for layout while lazy-loading higher quality images as replacements. Something quirky like using a cute animated gif to distract the user during a "loading..." phase. Show useful information as a reference while loading the full UI. (Something akin to Gmail Inbox Preview, etc.) (Sorry if my question was basically just asked and answered...) Despite all of these ideas, I still find myself hoping there are better ways of doing some of these things. So I guess what I'm looking for is some inspiration and/or any creative ways of dealing with this problem that you guys may have seen out in the wild.

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  • SQLAlchemy unsupported type error - and table design issues?

    - by Az
    Hi there, back again with some more SQLAlchemy shenanigans. Let me step through this. My table is now set up as so: engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('sid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('preferences', Integer), Column('allocated_rank', Integer), Column('allocated_project', Integer) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Fairly simple, and for the most part I've been enjoying the ability to query almost any bit of information I want provided I avoid the error cases below. The class it is mapped from is: class Student(object): def __init__(self, sid, name): self.sid = sid self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.sid, self.name) Explanation: preferences is basically a set of all the projects the student would prefer to be assigned. When the allocation algorithm kicks in, a student's allocated_project emerges from this preference set. Now if I try to do this: for student in students.itervalues(): session.add(student) session.commit() It throws two errors, one for the allocated_project column (seen below) and a similar error for the preferences column: sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError: (InterfaceError) Error binding parameter 4 - probably unsupported type. u'INSERT INTO studs (sid, name, allocated_rank, allocated_project) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)' [1101, 'Muffett,M.', 1, 888 Human-spider relationships (Supervisor id: 123)] If I go back into my code I find that, when I'm copying the preferences from the given text files, it actually refers to the Project class which is mapped to a dictionary, using the unique project id's (pid) as keys. Thus, as I iterate through each student via their rank and to the preferences set, it adds not a project id, but the reference to the project id from the projects dictionary. students[sid].preferences[int(rank)].add(projects[int(pid)]) Now this is very useful to me since I can find out all I want to about a student's preferred projects without having to run another check to pull up information about the project id. The form you see in the error has the object print information passed as: return "%s %s (Supervisor id: %s)" %(self.proj_id, self.proj_name, self.proj_sup) My questions are: I'm trying to store an object in a database field aren't I? Would the correct way then, be copying the project information (project id, name, etc) into its own table, referenced by the unique project id? That way I can just have the project id field for one of the student tables just be an integer id and when I need more information, just join the tables? So and so forth for other tables? If the above makes sense, then how does one maintain the relationship with a column of information in one table which is a key index on another table? Does this boil down into a database design problem? Are there any other elegant ways of accomplishing this? Apologies if this is a very long-winded question. It's rather crucial for me to solve this, so I've tried to explain as much as I can, whilst attempting to show that I'm trying (key word here sadly) to understand what could be going wrong.

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  • How do I create self-relationships in polymorphic inheritance in Elixir and Pylons?

    - by Turukawa
    I am new to programming and am following the example in the Pylons documentation on creating a Wiki. The database I want to link to the wiki was created with Elixir so I rewrote the Wiki database schema and have continued from there. In the wiki there is a requirement for a Navigation table which is inherited by Pages and Sections. A section can have many pages, while a page can only have one section. In addition, each sibling node can be chain-referenced to each other. So: Nav has "section" (OneToMany) and "before" (OneToOne - to reference preceeding node) Page has "section" (ManyToOne - many pages in one section) and inherits "before" Section inherits all from Nav The code I've written looks like this: class Nav(Entity): using_options(inheritance='multi') name = Field(Unicode(30), default=u'Untitled Node') path = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'') section = OneToMany('Page', inverse='section') after = OneToOne('Nav', inverse='before') before = OneToMany('Nav', inverse='after') class Page(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') content = Field(UnicodeText, nullable=False) posted = Field(DateTime, default=now()) title = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page') heading = Field(Unicode(255)) tags = ManyToMany('Tag') comments = OneToMany('Comment') section = ManyToOne('Nav', inverse='section') class Section(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') Errors received on this: sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (OperationalError) table nav has no column named aftr_id u'INSERT INTO nav (name, path, aftr_id, row_type) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)' I've also tried: before = ManyToMany('Nav', inverse='before') on Nav in the hopes this might break the problem, but also not. The original SQLAlchemy code from the tutorial for these declarations is as follows: nav_table = schema.Table('nav', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer(), schema.Sequence('nav_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True), schema.Column('name', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Node'), schema.Column('path', types.Unicode(255), default=u''), schema.Column('section', types.Integer(), schema.ForeignKey('nav.id')), schema.Column('before', types.Integer(), default=None), schema.Column('type', types.String(30), nullable=False) ) page_table = schema.Table('page', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), schema.Column('content', types.Text(), nullable=False), schema.Column('posted', types.DateTime(), default=now), schema.Column('title', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page'), schema.Column('heading', types.Unicode(255)), ) section_table = sa.Table('section', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), ) orm.mapper(Nav, nav_table, polymorphic_on=nav_table.c.type, polymorphic_identity='nav') orm.mapper(Section, section_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='section') orm.mapper(Page, page_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='page', properties={ 'comments':orm.relation(Comment, backref='page', cascade='all'), 'tags':orm.relation(Tag, secondary=pagetag_table) }) Any help is much appreciated.

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  • What is good practice in .NET system architecture design concerning multiple models and aggregates

    - by BuzzBubba
    I'm designing a larger enterprise architecture and I'm in a doubt about how to separate the models and design those. There are several points I'd like suggestions for: - models to define - way to define models Currently my idea is to define: Core (domain) model Repositories to get data to that domain model from a database or other store Business logic model that would contain business logic, validation logic and more specific versions of forms of data retrieval methods View models prepared for specifically formated data output that would be parsed by views of different kind (web, silverlight, etc). For the first model I'm puzzled at what to use and how to define the mode. Should this model entities contain collections and in what form? IList, IEnumerable or IQueryable collections? - I'm thinking of immutable collections which IEnumerable is, but I'd like to avoid huge data collections and to offer my Business logic layer access with LINQ expressions so that query trees get executed at Data level and retrieve only really required data for situations like the one when I'm retrieving a very specific subset of elements amongst thousands or hundreds of thousands. What if I have an item with several thousands of bids? I can't just make an IEnumerable collection of those on the model and then retrieve an item list in some Repository method or even Business model method. Should it be IQueryable so that I actually pass my queries to Repository all the way from the Business logic model layer? Should I just avoid collections in my domain model? Should I void only some collections? Should I separate Domain model and BusinessLogic model or integrate those? Data would be dealt trough repositories which would use Domain model classes. Should repositories be used directly using only classes from domain model like data containers? This is an example of what I had in mind: So, my Domain objects would look like (e.g.) public class Item { public string ItemName { get; set; } public int Price { get; set; } public bool Available { get; set; } private IList<Bid> _bids; public IQueryable<Bid> Bids { get { return _bids.AsQueryable(); } private set { _bids = value; } } public AddNewBid(Bid newBid) { _bids.Add(new Bid {.... } } Where Bid would be defined as a normal class. Repositories would be defined as data retrieval factories and used to get data into another (Business logic) model which would again be used to get data to ViewModels which would then be rendered by different consumers. I would define IQueryable interfaces for all aggregating collections to get flexibility and minimize data retrieved from real data store. Or should I make Domain Model "anemic" with pure data store entities and all collections define for business logic model? One of the most important questions is, where to have IQueryable typed collections? - All the way from Repositories to Business model or not at all and expose only solid IList and IEnumerable from Repositories and deal with more specific queries inside Business model, but have more finer grained methods for data retrieval within Repositories. So, what do you think? Have any suggestions?

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  • Looking for a better design: A readonly in-memory cache mechanism

    - by Dylan Lin
    Hi all, I have a Category entity (class), which has zero or one parent Category and many child Categories -- it's a tree structure. The Category data is stored in a RDBMS, so for better performance, I want to load all categories and cache them in memory while launching the applicaiton. Our system can have plugins, and we allow the plugin authors to access the Category Tree, but they should not modify the cached items and the tree(I think a non-readonly design might cause some subtle bugs in this senario), only the system knows when and how to refresh the tree. Here are some demo codes: public interface ITreeNode<T> where T : ITreeNode<T> { // No setter T Parent { get; } IEnumerable<T> ChildNodes { get; } } // This class is generated by O/R Mapping tool (e.g. Entity Framework) public class Category : EntityObject { public string Name { get; set; } } // Because Category is not stateless, so I create a cleaner view class for Category. // And this class is the Node Type of the Category Tree public class CategoryView : ITreeNode<CategoryView> { public string Name { get; private set; } #region ITreeNode Memebers public CategoryView Parent { get; private set; } private List<CategoryView> _childNodes; public IEnumerable<CategoryView> ChildNodes { return _childNodes; } #endregion public static CategoryView CreateFrom(Category category) { // here I can set the CategoryView.Name property } } So far so good. However, I want to make ITreeNode interface reuseable, and for some other types, the tree should not be readonly. We are not able to do this with the above readonly ITreeNode, so I want the ITreeNode to be like this: public interface ITreeNode<T> { // has setter T Parent { get; set; } // use ICollection<T> instead of IEnumerable<T> ICollection<T> ChildNodes { get; } } But if we make the ITreeNode writable, then we cannot make the Category Tree readonly, it's not good. So I think if we can do like this: public interface ITreeNode<T> { T Parent { get; } IEnumerable<T> ChildNodes { get; } } public interface IWritableTreeNode<T> : ITreeNode<T> { new T Parent { get; set; } new ICollection<T> ChildNodes { get; } } Is this good or bad? Are there some better designs? Thanks a lot! :)

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  • Signals and threads - good or bad design decision?

    - by Jens
    I have to write a program that performs highly computationally intensive calculations. The program might run for several days. The calculation can be separated easily in different threads without the need of shared data. I want a GUI or a web service that informs me of the current status. My current design uses BOOST::signals2 and BOOST::thread. It compiles and so far works as expected. If a thread finished one iteration and new data is available it calls a signal which is connected to a slot in the GUI class. My question(s): Is this combination of signals and threads a wise idea? I another forum somebody advised someone else not to "go down this road". Are there potential deadly pitfalls nearby that I failed to see? Is my expectation realistic that it will be "easy" to use my GUI class to provide a web interface or a QT, a VTK or a whatever window? Is there a more clever alternative (like other boost libs) that I overlooked? following code compiles with g++ -Wall -o main -lboost_thread-mt <filename>.cpp code follows: #include <boost/signals2.hpp> #include <boost/thread.hpp> #include <boost/bind.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <string> using std::cout; using std::cerr; using std::string; /** * Called when a CalcThread finished a new bunch of data. */ boost::signals2::signal<void(string)> signal_new_data; /** * The whole data will be stored here. */ class DataCollector { typedef boost::mutex::scoped_lock scoped_lock; boost::mutex mutex; public: /** * Called by CalcThreads call the to store their data. */ void push(const string &s, const string &caller_name) { scoped_lock lock(mutex); _data.push_back(s); signal_new_data(caller_name); } /** * Output everything collected so far to std::out. */ void out() { typedef std::vector<string>::const_iterator iter; for (iter i = _data.begin(); i != _data.end(); ++i) cout << " " << *i << "\n"; } private: std::vector<string> _data; }; /** * Several of those can calculate stuff. * No data sharing needed. */ struct CalcThread { CalcThread(string name, DataCollector &datcol) : _name(name), _datcol(datcol) { } /** * Expensive algorithms will be implemented here. * @param num_results how many data sets are to be calculated by this thread. */ void operator()(int num_results) { for (int i = 1; i <= num_results; ++i) { std::stringstream s; s << "["; if (i == num_results) s << "LAST "; s << "DATA " << i << " from thread " << _name << "]"; _datcol.push(s.str(), _name); } } private: string _name; DataCollector &_datcol; }; /** * Maybe some VTK or QT or both will be used someday. */ class GuiClass { public: GuiClass(DataCollector &datcol) : _datcol(datcol) { } /** * If the GUI wants to present or at least count the data collected so far. * @param caller_name is the name of the thread whose data is new. */ void slot_data_changed(string caller_name) const { cout << "GuiClass knows: new data from " << caller_name << std::endl; } private: DataCollector & _datcol; }; int main() { DataCollector datcol; GuiClass mc(datcol); signal_new_data.connect(boost::bind(&GuiClass::slot_data_changed, &mc, _1)); CalcThread r1("A", datcol), r2("B", datcol), r3("C", datcol), r4("D", datcol), r5("E", datcol); boost::thread t1(r1, 3); boost::thread t2(r2, 1); boost::thread t3(r3, 2); boost::thread t4(r4, 2); boost::thread t5(r5, 3); t1.join(); t2.join(); t3.join(); t4.join(); t5.join(); datcol.out(); cout << "\nDone" << std::endl; return 0; }

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  • Muti-Schema Privileges for a Table Trigger in an Oracle Database

    - by sisslack
    I'm trying to write a table trigger which queries another table that is outside the schema where the trigger will reside. Is this possible? It seems like I have no problem querying tables in my schema but I get: Error: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist when trying trying to query tables outside my schema. EDIT My apologies for not providing as much information as possible the first time around. I was under the impression this question was more simple. I'm trying create a trigger on a table that changes some fields on a newly inserted row based on the existence of some data that may or may not be in a table that is in another schema. The user account that I'm using to create the trigger does have the permissions to run the queries independently. In fact, I've had my trigger print the query I'm trying to run and was able to run it on it's own successfully. I should also note that I'm building the query dynamically by using the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement. Here's an example: CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER MAIN_SCHEMA.EVENTS BEFORE INSERT ON MAIN_SCHEMA.EVENTS REFERENCING OLD AS OLD NEW AS NEW FOR EACH ROW DECLARE rtn_count NUMBER := 0; table_name VARCHAR2(17) := :NEW.SOME_FIELD; key_field VARCHAR2(20) := :NEW.ANOTHER_FIELD; BEGIN CASE WHEN (key_field = 'condition_a') THEN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select count(*) from OTHER_SCHEMA_A.'||table_name||' where KEY_FIELD='''||key_field||'''' INTO rtn_count; WHEN (key_field = 'condition_b') THEN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select count(*) from OTHER_SCHEMA_B.'||table_name||' where KEY_FIELD='''||key_field||'''' INTO rtn_count; WHEN (key_field = 'condition_c') THEN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select count(*) from OTHER_SCHEMA_C.'||table_name||' where KEY_FIELD='''||key_field||'''' INTO rtn_count; END CASE; IF (rtn_count > 0) THEN -- change some fields that are to be inserted END IF; END; The trigger seams to fail on the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE with the previously mentioned error. EDIT I have done some more research and I can offer more clarification. The user account I'm using to create this trigger is not MAIN_SCHEMA or any one of the OTHER_SCHEMA_Xs. The account I'm using (ME) is given privileges to the involved tables via the schema users themselves. For example (USER_TAB_PRIVS): GRANTOR GRANTEE TABLE_SCHEMA TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY MAIN_SCHEMA ME MAIN_SCHEMA EVENTS DELETE NO NO MAIN_SCHEMA ME MAIN_SCHEMA EVENTS INSERT NO NO MAIN_SCHEMA ME MAIN_SCHEMA EVENTS SELECT NO NO MAIN_SCHEMA ME MAIN_SCHEMA EVENTS UPDATE NO NO OTHER_SCHEMA_X ME OTHER_SCHEMA_X TARGET_TBL SELECT NO NO And I have the following system privileges (USER_SYS_PRIVS): USERNAME PRIVILEGE ADMIN_OPTION ME ALTER ANY TRIGGER NO ME CREATE ANY TRIGGER NO ME UNLIMITED TABLESPACE NO And this is what I found in the Oracle documentation: To create a trigger in another user's schema, or to reference a table in another schema from a trigger in your schema, you must have the CREATE ANY TRIGGER system privilege. With this privilege, the trigger can be created in any schema and can be associated with any user's table. In addition, the user creating the trigger must also have EXECUTE privilege on the referenced procedures, functions, or packages. Here: Oracle Doc So it looks to me like this should work, but I'm not sure about the "EXECUTE privilege" it's referring to in the doc.

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  • XmlSchema.read throws exception when an element is declared nillable

    - by G33kKahuna
    I have a simple schema that I am trying to read using XmlSchema.Read() method. I keep getting The 'nillable' attribute is not supported in this context Here is a simple code in C# XmlSchema schema = null; using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(<Path to Schema file name>) { schema = XmlSchema.Read(reader.BaseStream, null); } Below is the schema <xs:schema xmlns:b="http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003" xmlns="http://xyz.com.schema.bc.mySchema" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://xyz.com.schema.bc.mySchema" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xs:element name="data"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="Component"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="row"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="changed_by" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="column_name" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="comment_text" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="is_approved" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="log_at" type="xs:dateTime" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="new_val" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="old_val" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="person_id" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="poh_id" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="pol_id" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="search_name" type="xs:string" nillable="true" /> <xs:element name="unique_id" type="xs:integer" nillable="true" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema>

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  • Is there a way to put relationships/contraints into CSS?

    - by hekevintran
    In every design tool or art principle I've heard of, relationships are a central theme. By relationships I mean the thing you can do in Adobe Illustrator to specify that the height of one shape is equal to half the height of another. You cannot express this information in CSS. CSS hard-codes all values. Using a language like LESS that allows variables and arithmetic you can get closer to relationships but it's still a CSS variant. This inability in my mind is the biggest problem with CSS. CSS is supposed to be a language that describes the visual component of a Web page but it ignores relationships and contraints, ideas that are at the core of art. How possible is it to imagine a new Web design language that can express relationships and contraints that can be implemented in JavaScript using the current CSS properties?

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  • How do I load the Oracle schema into memory instead of the hard drive?

    - by Andrew
    I have a certain web application that makes upwards of ~100 updates to an Oracle database in succession. This can take anywhere from 3-5 minutes, which sometimes causes the webpage to time out. A re-design of the application is scheduled soon but someone told me that there is a way to configure a "loader file" which loads the schema into memory and runs the transactions there instead of on the hard drive, supposedly improving speed by several orders of magnitude. I have tried to research this "loader file" but all I can find is information about the SQL* bulk data loader. Does anyone know what he's talking about? Is this really possible and is it a feasible quick fix or should I just wait until the application is re-designed?

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  • how to avoid returning mocks from a mocked object list

    - by koen
    I'm trying out mock/responsibility driven design. I seem to have problems to avoid returning mocks from mocks in the case of finder objects. An example could be an object that checks whether the bills from last month are paid. It needs a service that retrieves a list of bills for that. So I need to mock that service that retrieves the bills. At the same time I need that mock to return mocked Bills (since I don't want my test to rely on the correctness bill implementation). Is my design flawed? Is there a better way to test this? Or is this the way it will need to be when using finder objects (the finding of the bills in this case)?

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  • Why implement DB connection pointer object as a reference counting pointer? (C++)

    - by DVK
    At our company one of the core C++ classes (Database connection pointer) is implemented as a reference counting pointer. To be clear, the objects are NOT DB connections themselves, but pointers to a DB connection object. The library is very old, and nobody who designed is around anymore. So far, nether I, nor any C++ experts in the company that I asked have come up with a good reason for why this particular design was chosen. Any ideas? It is introducing some problems (partially due to awful reference pointer implementation used), and I'm trying to understand if this design actually has some deep underlying reasons? The usage pattern these days seems to be that the DB connection pointer object is returned by a DB connection manager class, and it's somewhat unclear whether DB connection pointers were designed to be able to be used independently of DB connection manager.

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  • Developing Schema Compare for Oracle (Part 6): 9i Query Performance

    - by Simon Cooper
    All throughout the EAP and beta versions of Schema Compare for Oracle, our main request was support for Oracle 9i. After releasing version 1.0 with support for 10g and 11g, our next step was then to get version 1.1 of SCfO out with support for 9i. However, there were some significant problems that we had to overcome first. This post will concentrate on query execution time. When we first tested SCfO on a 9i server, after accounting for various changes to the data dictionary, we found that database registration was taking a long time. And I mean a looooooong time. The same database that on 10g or 11g would take a couple of minutes to register would be taking upwards of 30 mins on 9i. Obviously, this is not ideal, so a poke around the query execution plans was required. As an example, let's take the table population query - the one that reads ALL_TABLES and joins it with a few other dictionary views to get us back our list of tables. On 10g, this query takes 5.6 seconds. On 9i, it takes 89.47 seconds. The difference in execution plan is even more dramatic - here's the (edited) execution plan on 10g: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Bytes | Cost |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 108K| 939 || 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 108K| 939 || 2 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 108K| 938 ||* 3 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 103K| 762 || 4 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_LOCATIONS | 2058 | 3 ||* 20 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 73472 | 759 || 21 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES | 2097 | 3 ||* 34 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 39920 | 755 || 35 | VIEW | ALL_MVIEWS | 51 | 7 || 58 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 39104 | 748 || 59 | VIEW | ALL_TABLES | 6704 | 668 || 89 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_TAB_COMMENTS | 2025 | 5 || 106 | VIEW | ALL_PART_TABLES | 277 | 11 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- And the same query on 9i: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Bytes | Cost |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 16P| 55G|| 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 16P| 55G|| 2 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 16P| 862M|| 3 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 5251G| 992K|| 4 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 4243M| 2578 || 5 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 2669K| 1440 ||* 6 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 398K| 302 || 7 | VIEW | ALL_TABLES | 342K| 276 || 29 | VIEW | ALL_MVIEWS | 51 | 20 ||* 50 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_TAB_COMMENTS | 2043 | ||* 66 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES | 1777K| ||* 80 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_EXTERNAL_LOCATIONS | 1744K| ||* 96 | VIEW | ALL_PART_TABLES | 852K| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Have a look at the cost column. 10g's overall query cost is 939, and 9i is 55,000,000,000 (or more precisely, 55,496,472,769). It's also having to process far more data. What on earth could be causing this huge difference in query cost? After trawling through the '10g New Features' documentation, we found item 1.9.2.21. Before 10g, Oracle advised that you do not collect statistics on data dictionary objects. From 10g, it advised that you do collect statistics on the data dictionary; for our queries, Oracle therefore knows what sort of data is in the dictionary tables, and so can generate an efficient execution plan. On 9i, no statistics are present on the system tables, so Oracle has to use the Rule Based Optimizer, which turns most LEFT JOINs into nested loops. If we force 9i to use hash joins, like 10g, we get a much better plan: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Bytes | Cost |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 7587K| 3704 || 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 7587K| 3704 ||* 2 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 7587K| 822 ||* 3 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 5262K| 616 ||* 4 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 2980K| 465 ||* 5 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 710K| 432 ||* 6 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 398K| 302 || 7 | VIEW | ALL_TABLES | 342K| 276 || 29 | VIEW | ALL_MVIEWS | 51 | 20 || 50 | VIEW | ALL_PART_TABLES | 852K| 104 || 78 | VIEW | ALL_TAB_COMMENTS | 2043 | 14 || 93 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_LOCATIONS | 1744K| 31 || 106 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES | 1777K| 28 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- That's much more like it. This drops the execution time down to 24 seconds. Not as good as 10g, but still an improvement. There are still several problems with this, however. 10g introduced a new join method - a right outer hash join (used in the first execution plan). The 9i query optimizer doesn't have this option available, so forcing a hash join means it has to hash the ALL_TABLES table, and furthermore re-hash it for every hash join in the execution plan; this could be thousands and thousands of rows. And although forcing hash joins somewhat alleviates this problem on our test systems, there's no guarantee that this will improve the execution time on customers' systems; it may even increase the time it takes (say, if all their tables are partitioned, or they've got a lot of materialized views). Ideally, we would want a solution that provides a speedup whatever the input. To try and get some ideas, we asked some oracle performance specialists to see if they had any ideas or tips. Their recommendation was to add a hidden hook into the product that allowed users to specify their own query hints, or even rewrite the queries entirely. However, we would prefer not to take that approach; as well as a lot of new infrastructure & a rewrite of the population code, it would have meant that any users of 9i would have to spend some time optimizing it to get it working on their system before they could use the product. Another approach was needed. All our population queries have a very specific pattern - a base table provides most of the information we need (ALL_TABLES for tables, or ALL_TAB_COLS for columns) and we do a left join to extra subsidiary tables that fill in gaps (for instance, ALL_PART_TABLES for partition information). All the left joins use the same set of columns to join on (typically the object owner & name), so we could re-use the hash information for each join, rather than re-hashing the same columns for every join. To allow us to do this, along with various other performance improvements that could be done for the specific query pattern we were using, we read all the tables individually and do a hash join on the client. Fortunately, this 'pure' algorithmic problem is the kind that can be very well optimized for expected real-world situations; as well as storing row data we're not using in the hash key on disk, we use very specific memory-efficient data structures to store all the information we need. This allows us to achieve a database population time that is as fast as on 10g, and even (in some situations) slightly faster, and a memory overhead of roughly 150 bytes per row of data in the result set (for schemas with 10,000 tables in that means an extra 1.4MB memory being used during population). Next: fun with the 9i dictionary views.

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