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• Slick2D Rendering Lots of Polygons

  - by Hazzard

  I'm writing an little isometric game using Slick. The world terrain is made up of lots of quadrilaterals. In a small world that is 128 by 128 squares, over 16,000 quadrilaterals need to be rendered. This puts my pretty powerful computer down to 30 fps. I've though about caching "chunks" of the world so only single chunks would ever need updating at a time, but I don't know how to do this, and I am sure there are other ways to optimize it besides that. Maybe I'm doing the whole thing wrong, surely fancy 3D games that run fine on my machine are more intensive than this. My question is how can I improve the FPS and am I doing something wrong? Or does it actually take that much power to render those polygons? -- Here is the source code for the render method in my game state. It iterates through a 2d array or heights and draws polygons based on the height. public void render(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, Graphics gfx) throws SlickException { gfx.translate(offsetX * d + container.getWidth() / 2, offsetY * d + container.getHeight() / 2); gfx.scale(d, d); for (int y = 0; y < placeholder.length; y++) {// x & y are isometric // diag for (int x = 0; x < placeholder[0].length; x++) { Polygon poly; int hor = TestState.TILE_WIDTH * (x - y);// hor and ver are orthagonal int W = TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y) - 1 * heights[y + 1][x];//points to go off of int S = TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y) - 1 * heights[y + 1][x + 1]; int E = TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y) - 1 * heights[y][x + 1]; int N = TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y) - 1 * heights[y][x]; if (placeholder[y][x] == null) { poly = new Polygon();//Create actual surface polygon poly.addPoint(-TestState.TILE_WIDTH + hor, W); poly.addPoint(hor, S + TestState.TILE_HEIGHT); poly.addPoint(TestState.TILE_WIDTH + hor, E); poly.addPoint(hor, N - TestState.TILE_HEIGHT); float z = ((float) heights[y][x + 1] - heights[y + 1][x]) / 32 + 0.5f; placeholder[y][x] = new Tile(poly, new Color(z, z, z)); //ShapeRenderer.fill(placeholder[y][x]); } if (true) {//ONLY draw tile if it's on screen gfx.setColor(placeholder[y][x].getColor()); ShapeRenderer.fill(placeholder[y][x]); //gfx.fill(placeholder[y][x]); //placeholder[y][x]. //DRAW EDGES if (y + 1 == placeholder.length) {//draw South foundation edges gfx.setColor(Color.gray); Polygon found = new Polygon(); found.addPoint(-TestState.TILE_WIDTH + hor, W); found.addPoint(hor, S + TestState.TILE_HEIGHT); found.addPoint(hor, TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y + 1)); found.addPoint(-TestState.TILE_WIDTH + hor, TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y)); gfx.fill(found); } if (x + 1 == placeholder[0].length) {//north gfx.setColor(Color.darkGray); Polygon found = new Polygon(); found.addPoint(TestState.TILE_WIDTH + hor, E); found.addPoint(hor, S + TestState.TILE_HEIGHT); found.addPoint(hor, TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y + 1)); found.addPoint(TestState.TILE_WIDTH + hor, TestState.TILE_HEIGHT * (x + y)); gfx.fill(found); }//*/ } } } }

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• Getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

  - by Etan

  In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provides a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? Use mipmaps and simply read the pixel on the 1x1 level. Again the question of accuracy and if it is even possible using non-power-of-two textures. The problem wit these approaches is, that the pipeline gets stalled which results in major performance issues. Therefore, I'm looking for a more performant way to accomplish my goal. Using the EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN extension Apple introduced EXT_OCCLUSION_QUERY_BOOLEAN in iOS 5.0 for iPad 2. "4.1.6 Occlusion Queries Occlusion queries use query objects to track the number of fragments or samples that pass the depth test. An occlusion query can be started and finished by calling BeginQueryEXT and EndQueryEXT, respectively, with a target of ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT or ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT. When an occlusion query is started with the target ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_EXT, the samples-boolean state maintained by the GL is set to FALSE. While that occlusion query is active, the samples-boolean state is set to TRUE if any fragment or sample passes the depth test. When the occlusion query finishes, the samples-boolean state of FALSE or TRUE is written to the corresponding query object as the query result value, and the query result for that object is marked as available. If the target of the query is ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE_EXT, an implementation may choose to use a less precise version of the test which can additionally set the samples-boolean state to TRUE in some other implementation dependent cases." The first sentence hints on a behavior which is exactly what I'm looking for: getting the number of pixels which passed the depth test in an asynchronous manner without much performance loss. However, the rest of the document describes only how to get boolean results. Is it possible to exploit this extension to get the pixel count? Does the hardware support it so that there may be hidden API to get access to the pixel count? Other extensions which could be exploitable would be debugging features like the number of times the fragment shader was invoked (PSInvocations in DirectX - not sure if something simila is available in OpenGL ES). However, this would also result in a pipeline stall.

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• Pygame: Save a list of objects/classes/surfaces

  - by Sam Tubb

  I am working on a game, in which you can create mazes. You place blocks on a 16x16 grid, while choosing from a variety of block to make the level with. Whenever you create a block, it adds this class: class Block(object): def __init__(self,x,y,spr): self.x=x self.y=y self.sprite=spr self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) to a list called instances. I tried shelving it to a .bin file, but it returns some error dealing with surfaces. How can I go about saving and loading levels? Any help is appreciated! :) Here is the whole code for reference: import pygame from pygame.locals import * #initstuff pygame.init() screen=pygame.display.set_mode((640,480)) pygame.display.set_caption('PiMaze') instances=[] #loadsprites menuspr=pygame.image.load('images/menu.png').convert() b1spr=pygame.image.load('images/b1.png').convert() b2spr=pygame.image.load('images/b2.png').convert() currentbspr=b1spr curspr=pygame.image.load('images/curs.png').convert() curspr.set_colorkey((0,255,0)) #menu menuspr.set_alpha(185) menurect=menuspr.get_rect(x=-260,y=4) class MenuItem(object): def __init__(self,pos,spr): self.x=pos[0] self.y=pos[1] self.sprite=spr self.pos=(self.x,self.y) self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) class Block(object): def __init__(self,x,y,spr): self.x=x self.y=y self.sprite=spr self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) while True: #menu items b1menu=b1spr.get_rect(x=menurect.left+32,y=48) b2menu=b2spr.get_rect(x=menurect.left+64,y=48) menuitems=[MenuItem(b1menu,b1spr),MenuItem(b2menu,b2spr)] screen.fill((20,30,85)) mse=pygame.mouse.get_pos() key=pygame.key.get_pressed() placepos=((mse[0]/16)*16,(mse[1]/16)*16) if key[K_q]: if mse[0]<260: if menurect.right<255: menurect.right+=1 else: if menurect.left>-260: menurect.left-=1 else: if menurect.left>-260: menurect.left-=1 for e in pygame.event.get(): if e.type==QUIT: exit() if menurect.right<100: if e.type==MOUSEBUTTONUP: if e.button==1: to_remove = [i for i in instances if i.rect.collidepoint(placepos)] for i in to_remove: instances.remove(i) if not to_remove: instances.append(Block(placepos[0],placepos[1],currentbspr)) for i in instances: screen.blit(i.sprite,i.rect) if not key[K_q]: screen.blit(curspr,placepos) screen.blit(menuspr,menurect) for item in menuitems: screen.blit(item.sprite,item.pos) if item.rect.collidepoint(mse): if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()==(1,0,0): currentbspr=item.sprite pygame.draw.rect(screen, ((255,0,0)), item, 1) pygame.display.flip()

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• Can I remove the systems from a component entity system?

  - by nathan

  After reading a lot about entity/component based engines. I feel like there is no real definition for this kind of engine. Reading this thread: Implementing features in an Entity System and the linked article made me think a lot. I did not feel that comfortable using System concept so I'll write something else, inspired by this pattern. I'd like to know if you think it's a good way to organize game code and what improvements can be made. Regarding a more strict implementation of entity/component based engine, is my solution viable? Do I risk getting stuck at any point due to the lack of flexibility of this implementation (or anything else)? My engine, as for entity/component patterns has entities and components, no systems since the game logic is handled by components. Also, I think the main difference is the fact that my engine will use inherence and OOP concepts in general, I mean, I don't try to minimize them. Entity: an entity is an abstract class. It holds his position, width and height, scale and a list of linked components. The current implementation can be found here (java). Every frame, the entity will be updated (i.e all the components linked to this entity will be updated), and rendered, if a render component is specified. Component: like for entity, a component is an abstract class that must be extended to create new components. The behavior of an entity is created through his components collection. The component implementation can be found here. Components are updated when the owning entity is updated or for only one specific component (render component), rendered. Here is an example of a logic component (i.e not a renderable component, a component that's updated each frame) in charge of listening for keyboard events and a render component in charge of display a plain sprite (i.e not animated).

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• Flickering when accessing texture by offset

  - by TravisG

  I have this simple compute shader that basically just takes the input from one image and writes it to another. Both images are 128/128/128 in size and glDispatchCompute is called with (128/8,128/8,128/8). The source images are cleared to 0 before this compute shader is executed, so no undefined values should be floating around in there. (I have the appropriate memory barrier on the C++ side set before the 3D texture is accessed). This version works fine: #version 430 layout (location = 0, rgba16f) uniform image3D ping; layout (location = 1, rgba16f) uniform image3D pong; layout (local_size_x = 8, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 8) in; void main() { ivec3 sampleCoord = gl_GlobalInvocationID.xyz; imageStore(pong, imageLoad(ping,sampleCoord)); } Reading values from pong shows that it's just a copy, as intended. However, when I load data from ping with an offset: #version 430 layout (location = 0, rgba16f) uniform image3D ping; layout (location = 1, rgba16f) uniform image3D pong; layout (local_size_x = 8, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 8) in; void main() { ivec3 sampleCoord = gl_GlobalInvocationID.xyz; imageStore(pong, imageLoad(ping,sampleCoord+ivec3(1,0,0))); } The data that is written to pong seems to depend on the order of execution of the threads within the work groups, which makes no sense to me. When reading from the pong texture, visible flickering occurs in some spots on the texture. What am I doing wrong here?

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• Customize Colors for Sprites in Web Game

  - by NateDSaint

  So I'm working on an html5/javascript/css3-based game. Without going into too much detail, I'm thinking of having the characters be simple 8 or 16-bit style sprites, but I'd like to allow the user to customize the colors of their character. Here are some examples of what I'm talking about : http://jsfiddle.net/simurai/CGmCe/light/ http://www.splashnology.com/article/sprite-animation-in-css3/1485/ So the problem I'm having is two-fold: 1) Should I use something other than a sprite map for my characters, like actually draw them as shapes and animate them in a canvas element? That way I can fill the sprite with colors of the user's choosing? My fear there is that this would be inefficient as far as resources and also waste a lot of time hand-drawing everything, but could allow other customization (like height/width etc). 2) Are there potentially some web apis that would allow you to alter colors inside of a sprite? I suppose I could do it on the back-end with GD, but I'm trying to make it entirely in-browser (including local storage). It's not a definitive one-answer only question, but I'm hoping someone can suggest something they've seen that approaches the same problem from another angle or gives us a way to customize the sprites or manipulate them in some manner. Or avoid them altogether, and use a different method.

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• Actionscript 3.0 - Enemies do not move right in my platformer game

  - by Christian Basar

  I am making a side-scrolling platformer game in Flash (Actionscript 3.0). I have made lots of progress lately, but I have come across a new problem. I will give some background first. My game level's terrain (or 'floor') is referenced by a MovieClip variable called 'floor.' My desire is to have the Player and enemy characters walk along the terrain. I have gotten the Player character to move on the terrain just fine; he walks up/down hills and falls whenever there is no ground beneath him. Here is the code I created to allow the Player to follow the terrain correctly. Much more code is used to control the Player, but only this code deals with the Player character's following of the terrain and gravity. // If the Player's not on the ground (not touching the 'floor' MovieClip)... if (!onGround) { // Disable ducking downKeyPressed = false; // Increase the Player's 'y' position by his 'y' velocity player.y += playerYVel; } // Increase the 'playerYVel' variable so that the Player will fall // progressively faster down the screen. This code technically // runs "all the time" but in reality it only affects the player // when he's off the ground. playerYVel += gravity; // Give the Player a terminal velocity of 15 px/frame if (playerYVel > 15) { playerYVel = 15; } // If the Player has not hit the 'floor,' increase his falling //speed if (! floor.hitTestPoint(player.x, player.y, true)) { player.y += playerYVel; // The Player is not on the ground when he's not touching it onGround = false; } Since getting this code to work for the Player, I have created a 'SkullDemon' class, which is one of the planned enemies for my game. I want the 'SkullDemon' objects to move along the terrain like the Player does. With lots of great help, I have already coded the EventListeners, etc. necessary for the 'SkullDemons' to move. Unfortunately, I am having trouble getting them to move along the terrain. In fact, they do not touch the terrain at all; they move along the top of the boundary of the 'floor' MovieClip! I had a simple text diagram showing what I mean, but unfortunately Stackoverflow does not format it correctly. I hope my problem is clear from my description. Strangely enough, my code for the Player's movement and the 'SkullDemon's' movement is almost exactly the same, yet the 'SkullDemons' do not move like the Player does. Here is my code for the SkullDemon movement: // Move all of the Skull Demons using this method protected function moveSkullDemons():void { // Go through the whole 'skullDemonContainer' for (var skullDi:int = 0; skullDi < skullDemonContainer.numChildren; skullDi++) { // Set the SkullDemon 'instance' variable to equal the current SkullDemon skullDIns = SkullDemon(skullDemonContainer.getChildAt(skullDi)); // For now, just move the Skull Demons left at 5 units per second skullDIns.x -= 5; // If the Skull Demon has not hit the 'floor,' increase his falling //speed if (! floor.hitTestPoint(skullDIns.x, skullDIns.y, true)) { // Increase the Skull Demon's 'y' position by his 'y' velocity skullDIns.y += skullDIns.sdYVel; // The Skull Demon is not on the ground when he's not touching it skullDIns.sdOnGround = false; } // Increase the 'sdYVel' variable so that the Skull Demon will fall // progressively faster down the screen. This code technically // runs "all the time" but in reality it only affects the Skull Demon // when he's off the ground. if (! skullDIns.sdOnGround) { skullDIns.sdYVel += skullDIns.sdGravity; // Give the Skull Demon a terminal velocity of 15 px/frame if (skullDIns.sdYVel > 15) { skullDIns.sdYVel = 15; } } // What happens when the Skull Demon lands on the ground after a fall? // The Skull Demon is only on the ground ('onGround == true') when // the ground is touching the Skull Demon MovieClip's origin point, // which is at the Skull Demon's bottom centre for (var i:int = 0; i < 10; i++) { // The Skull Demon is only on the ground ('onGround == true') when // the ground is touching the Skull Demon MovieClip's origin point, // which is at the Skull Demon's bottom centre if (floor.hitTestPoint(skullDIns.x, skullDIns.y, true)) { skullDIns.y = skullDIns.y; // Set the Skull Demon's y-axis speed to 0 skullDIns.sdYVel = 0; // The Skull Demon is on the ground again skullDIns.sdOnGround = true; } } } } // End of 'moveSkullDemons()' function It is almost like the 'SkullDemons' are interacting with the 'floor' MovieClip using the hitTestObject() function, and not the hitTestPoint() function which is what I want, and which works for the Player character. I am confused about this problem and would appreciate any help you could give me. Thanks!

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• How can I Implement KeyListeners/ActionListeners into the JFrame?

  - by A.K.

  I'll get to the point: I have a player in my game that you control with the keyboard yet the key methods in the player class and ActionListener w/ KeyAdapter in the Board class don't seem to fire. So far I've tried adding these key methods into the JFrame, doesn't seem to let me move him even though other objects that I have (enemies) can move fine. Here's part of the JFrame class with the event listeners: frm.addKeyListener(KeyBoardListener); public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { nSound.play(); StartB.setContentAreaFilled(false); cards.remove(StartB); frm.remove(TitleL); frm.remove(cards); frm.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1)); frm.add(nBoard); //Add Game "Tiles" Or Content. x = 1200 nBoard.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1200, 420)); cards.revalidate(); frm.validate(); } public KeyListener KeyBoardListener = new KeyListener() { @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) { nBoard.S.fire(); } } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent args0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } };

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• How to make players be creative in a game, if the game cannot evaluate it?

  - by Mensonge

  I am working on a prototype game with several funny/visual effects that the player can trigger. The player can be quite creative in the way to use or combine these effects but it seems impossible to make detect/evaluate this creativity by the computer. So, from a game design perspective, I wonder what could be the features to drive the players to be creative (experiment various combinations). For the moment i think about "Draw something" where the result is evaluated by other players. I think about levels designed by "Little Big Planet" players but this aspect is out of the core game. I think also about "Minecraft" but I do not understand really how this game encourages the people to be creative (except of the open world). Please tell me if you have any ideas, articles or references that could help me coping with this problem.

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• Sprites rendering blurry with velocity

  - by ashes999

  After adding velocity to my game, I feel like my textures are twitching. I thought it was just my eyes, until I finally captured it in a screenshot: The one on the left is what renders in my game; the one on the right is the original sprite, pasted over. (This is a screenshot from Photoshop, zoomed in 6x.) Notice the edges are aliasing -- it looks almost like sub-pixel rendering. In fact, if I had not forced my sprites (which have position and velocity as ints) to draw using integer values, I would swear that MonoGame is drawing with floating point values. But it isn't. What could be the cause of these things appearing blurry? It doesn't happen without velocity applied. To be precise, my SpriteComponent class has a Vector2 Position field. When I call Draw, I essentially use new Vector2((int)Math.Round(this.Position.X), (int)Math.Round(this.Position.Y)) for the position. I had a bug before where even stationary objects would jitter -- that was due to me using the straight Position vector and not rounding the values to ints. If I use Floor/Ceiling instead of round, the sprite sinks/hovers (one pixel difference either way) but still draws blurry.

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• Speed up lighting in deferred shading

  - by kochol

  I implemented a simple deferred shading renderer. I use 3 G-Buffer for storing position (R32F), normal (G16R16F) and albedo (ARGB8). I use sphere map algorithm to store normals in world space. Currently I use inverse of view * projection matrix to calculate the position of each pixel from stored depth value. First I want to avoid per pixel matrix multiplication for calculating the position. Is there another way to store and calculate position in G-Buffer without the need of matrix multiplication Store the normal in view space Every lighting in my engine is in world space and I want do the lighting in view space to speed up my lighting pass. I want an optimized lighting pass for my deferred engine.

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• Problem with DirectX scene-graph

  - by Alex

  I'm trying to implement a basic scene graph in DirectX using C++. I am using a left child-right sibling binary tree to do this. I'm having trouble updating each node's world transformation relative to its parent (and its parent's parent etc.). I'm struggling to get it to work recursively, though I can get it to work like this: for(int i = 0; i < NUM_OBJECTS; i++) { // Initialize to identity matrix. D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mObject[i].toWorldXForm); int k = i; while( k != -1 ) { mObject[i].toWorldXForm *= mObject[k].toParentXForm; k = mObject[k].parent; } } toWorldXForm is the object's world transform and toParentXForm is the object's transform relative to the parent. I want to do this using a method within my object class (the code above is in my main class). This is what I've tried but it doesn't work (only works with nodes 1 generation away from the root) if (this->sibling != NULL) this->sibling->update(toParentXForm); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&toWorldXForm); this->toWorldXForm *= this->toParentXForm; this->toWorldXForm *= toParentXForm; toParentXForm *= this->toParentXForm; if (this->child != NULL) this->child->update(toParentXForm); Sorry if I've not been clear, please tell me if there's anything else you need to know. I've no doubt it's merely a silly mistake on my part, hopefully an outside view will be able to spot the problem.

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• Using MVC with a retained mode renderer

  - by David Gouveia

  I am using a retained mode renderer similar to the display lists in Flash. In other words, I have a scene graph data structure called the Stage to which I add the graphical primitives I would like to see rendered, such as images, animations, text. For simplicity I'll refer to them as Sprites. Now I'm implementing an architecture which is becoming very similar to MVC, but I feel that that instead of having to create View classes, that the sprites already behave pretty much like Views (except for not being explicitly connected to the Model). And since the Model is only changed through the Controller, I could simply update the view together with the Model in the controller, as in the example below: Example 1 class Controller { Model model; Sprite view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = view.Position = position; } } The alternative, I think, would be to create View classes that wrap the sprites, make the model observable, and make the view react to changes on the model. This seems like a lot of extra work and boilerplate code, and I'm not seeing the benefits if I'm just going to have one view per controller. Example 2 class Controller { Model model; View view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = position; } } class View { Model model; Sprite sprite; View() { model.PropertyChanged += UpdateView; } void UpdateView() { sprite.Position = model.Position; } } So, how is MVC or more specifically, the View, usually implemented when using a retained-mode renderer? And is there any reason why I shouldn't stick with example 1?

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• How can I test if a point lies between two parallel lines?

  - by Harold

  In the game I'm designing there is a blast that shoots out from an origin point towards the direction of the mouse. The width of this blast is always going to be the same. Along the bottom of the screen (what's currently) squares move about which should be effected by the blast that the player controls. Currently I am trying to work out a way to discover if the corners of these squares are within the blast's two bounding lines. I thought the best way to do this would be to rotate the corners of the square around an origin point as if the blast were completely horizontal and see if the Y values of the corners were less than or equal to the width of the blast which would mean that they lie within the effected region, but I can't work out

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• Representing heightmaps, on disk and when drawing

  - by gardian06

  This is a conglomeration question when answering please specify which part you are addressing. I am looking at creating a maze type game that utilizes elevation. I have a few features I would like to have, but am unsure as to some of the implementation. I have done work doing fileIO maze generation (using a key to read the file, and then generate the level based on that file), but I am unsure how to think about this with elevation in the mix. I think height maps might be a good approach, but don't know how to represent them effectively. for a height map which is more beneficial XML(containing h[u,v] data and key definition), CSV (item1 is key reference, item2 is elevation), or another approach that I have not thought of yet? When it comes to placing the elevation values themselves what kind of deltah values are appropriate to have it noticeable at about a 60degree angle while not really effecting gravity driven physics (assuming some effect while moving up/down hill)? I am thinking of maybe going to procedural generation at some point, but am wondering if it is practical to have a procedurally generated grid (wall squares possibly same dimensions as the open space squares), or if designing to a thin wall open spaces is better? this decision will effect the amount of work need on the graphics end for uniform vs. irregular walls. EDIT: Game will be a elevation maze shooter. Levels/maps will be mazes with elevation the player has to negotiate. Elevations will have effects on "combat" vision, and movement.

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• Software design of a browser-based strategic MMO game

  - by Mehran

  I wonder if there are any known tested software designs for Travian-like browser-based strategic MMO games? I mean how would they implement the server of such games or what is stored in database and what is stored in RAM? Is the state of the world stored in one piece or is it distributed among a number of storage? Does anyone know a resource to study the problems and solutions of creating such games? [UPDATE] Suggested in comments, I'm going to give an example how would I design such a project. Even though I'm not sure if I'm proposing the right one. Having stored the world state in a MongoDB, I would implement an event collection in which all the changes to the world will register. Changes that are meant to happen in the future will come with an action date set to the future and those that are to be carried out immediately will be set to now. Having this datastore as the central point of the system, players will issue their actions as events inserted in datastore. At the other end of the system, I'll have a constant-running software taking out events out of the datastore which are due to be carried out and not done yet. Executing an event means apply some update on the world's state and thus the datastore. As scalable as this design sounds, I'm not sure if it will be worth implementing. For one, it is pointless to cache the datastore as most of updates happen once without any follow ups. For instance if you have the growth of resources in your game, you'll be updating the whole world state periodically in which case, having incorporated a cache, you are keeping the whole world in RAM (which most likely is impossible). So can someone come up with a better design?

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• Fixed-Function vs Shaders: Which for beginner?

  - by Rob Hays

  I'm currently going to college for computer science. Although I do plan on utilizing an existing engine at some point to create a small game, my aim right now is towards learning the fundamentals: namely, 3D programming. I've already done some research regarding the choice between DirectX and OpenGL, and the general sentiment that came out of that was that whether you choose OpenGL or DirectX as your training-wheels platform, a lot of the knowledge is transferrable to the other platform. Therefore, since OpenGL is supported by more systems (probably a silly reason to choose what to learn), I decided that I'm going to learn OpenGL first. After I made this decision to learn OpenGL, I did some more research and found out about a dichotomy that I was somewhere unaware of all this time: fixed-function OpenGL vs. modern programmable shader-based OpenGL. At first, I thought it was an obvious choice that I should choose to learn shader-based OpenGL since that's what's most commonly used in the industry today. However, I then stumbled upon the very popular Learning Modern 3D Graphics Programming by Jason L. McKesson, located here: http://www.arcsynthesis.org/gltut/ I read through the introductory bits, and in the "About This Book" section, the author states: "First, much of what is learned with this approach must be inevitably abandoned when the user encounters a graphics problem that must be solved with programmability. Programmability wipes out almost all of the fixed function pipeline, so the knowledge does not easily transfer." yet at the same time also makes the case that fixed-functionality provides an easier, more immediate learning curve for beginners by stating: "It is generally considered easiest to teach neophyte graphics programmers using the fixed function pipeline." Naturally, you can see why I might be conflicted about which paradigm to learn: Do I spend a lot of time learning (and then later unlearning) the ways of fixed-functionality, or do I choose to start out with shaders? My primary concern is that modern programmable shaders somehow require the programmer to already understand the fixed-function pipeline, but I doubt that's the case. TL;DR == As an aspiring game graphics programmer, is it in my best interest to learn 3D programming through fixed-functionality or modern shader-based programming?

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• Split vector vs matrix notation for transformation

  - by seahorse

  Some rendering engines like Ogre prefer to use a individual vector based notation for transformations like the following Split vector notation: Net Transformation is represented by Scale vector = sx, sy, sz Transformation vector = tx, ty, tz Rotation Quaternion Vector = w,x,y,z Matrix notation: There are other engines which simply use a net combined transformation matrix. What are the advantages of the first notation over the second? Also for animation interpolation does it work in the first notation that we interpolate across the individual components and use the interpolated parts to get the net transformation? Is this another advantage?

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• Can't remove JPanel from JFrame while adding new class into it

  - by A.K.

  Basically, I have my Frame class, which instantiates all the properties for the JFrame, and draws a JLabel with an image (my title screen). Then I made a separate JPanel with a start button on it, and made a mouse listener that will allow me to remove these objects while adding in a new Board() class (Which paints the main game). *Note: The JLabel is SEPARATE from the JPanel, but it still gets moved to the side by it. Problem: Whenever I click the button though, it only shows a little square of what I presume is my board class trying to run. Code below for the Frame Class: package OurPackage; //Made By A.K. 5/24/12 //Contains Frame. import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.GridBagLayout; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseListener; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicOptionPaneUI.ButtonActionListener; public class Frame implements MouseListener { public static boolean StartGame = false; ImageIcon img = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/Images/ActionJackTitle.png")); ImageIcon StartImg = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/Images/JackStart.png")); public Image Title; JLabel TitleL = new JLabel(img); public JPanel panel = new JPanel(); JButton StartB = new JButton(StartImg); JFrame frm = new JFrame("Action-Packed Jack"); public Frame() { TitleL.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1200, 420)); frm.add(TitleL); frm.setLayout(new GridBagLayout()); frm.add(panel); panel.setSize(new Dimension(220, 45)); panel.setLayout(new GridBagLayout ()); panel.add(StartB); StartB.addMouseListener(this); StartB.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(220, 45)); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setSize(1200, 420); frm.setVisible(true); frm.setResizable(false); frm.setLocationRelativeTo(null); } public static void main(String[] args) { new Frame(); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { StartB.setContentAreaFilled(false); panel.remove(StartB); frm.remove(panel); frm.remove(TitleL); //frm.setLayout(null); frm.add(new Board()); //Add Game "Tiles" Or Content. x = 1200 frm.validate(); System.out.println("Hit!"); } @Override public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void mouseExited(MouseEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }

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• If statement causing xna sprites to draw frame by frame

  - by user1489599

  I’m a bit new to XNA but I wanted to write a simple program that would fire a cannon ball from a cannon at a 45 degree angle. It works fine outside of my keyboard i/o if statement, but when I encapsulate the code around an if statement checking to see if the user hits the space bar, the sprite will draw one frame at a time every time the space bar is hit. This is the code in question if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Space) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !skullBall.Alive) { //works outside the keyboard input if statement //{ skullBall.Position = cannon.Position; skullBall.DeltaY = -(float)(Math.Sin(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time + 0.5 * (gravity * (time * time))); skullBall.DeltaX = (float)(Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time); skullBall.Alive = true; //} } The skull ball represents the cannon ball and the cannon is just the starting point. DeltaX and DeltaY are the values I’m using to update the cannon balls position per update. I know it's dumb to have the cannon ball start at the cannons position every time the update is called but it’s not really noticeable right now. I was wondering if after examining my code, if anyone noticed any errors that would cause the sprite to display frame by frame instead of drawing it as a full animation of the cannon ball leaving the cannon and moving from there.

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• Isometric Screen View to World View

  - by Sleepy Rhino

  I am having trouble working out the math to transform the screen coordinates to the Grid coordinates. The code below is how far I have got but it is totally wrong any help or resources to fix this issue would be great, had a complete mind block with this for some reason. private Point ScreenToIso(int mouseX, int mouseY) { int offsetX = WorldBuilder.STARTX; int offsetY = WorldBuilder.STARTY; Vector2 startV = new Vector2(offsetX, offsetY); int mapX = offsetX - mouseX; int mapY = offsetY - mouseY + (WorldBuilder.tileHeight / 2); mapY = -1 * (mapY / WorldBuilder.tileHeight); mapX = (mapX / WorldBuilder.tileHeight) + mapY; return new Point(mapX, mapY); }

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• 3D Paint tool in Maya

  - by Joris

  Hey everyone, could someone help me out on this question? When I am trying to texture objects in maya (for example a barrel) I want to texture it with a brush. When I try to use the 3D painting tool it al gets black even when I have a image file selected. Also the resolution is very very low of the models and textures in maya, though the texture image is very high quality. Can someone please help me? Thanks so much for helping.

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• Play audio in javascript with a good performance

  - by João

  I'm developing a browser game where the player can shoot. Everytime he shoots it play a sound. Currently i'm using this code to play sounds in JavaScript: var audio = document.createElement("audio"); audio.src = "my_sound.mp3"; audio.play(); I'm worried about performance here. Will 10 simultaneous sounds impact my game performance too much? Will all audio objects stay in memory even after they are played?

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• How to create an extensible rope in Box2D?

  - by Thomas

  Let's say I'm trying to create a ninja lowering himself down a rope, or pulling himself back up, all whilst he might be swinging from side to side or hit by objects. Basically like http://ninja.frozenfractal.com/ but with Box2D instead of hacky JavaScript. Ideally I would like to use a rope joint in Box2D that allows me to change the length after construction. The standard Box2D RopeJoint doesn't offer that functionality. I've considered a PulleyJoint, connecting the other end of the "pulley" to an invisible kinematic body that I can control to change the length, but PulleyJoint is more like a rod than a rope: it constrains maximum length, but unlike RopeJoint it constrains the minimum as well. Re-creating a RopeJoint every frame using a new length is rather inefficient, and I'm not even sure it would work properly in the simulation. I could create a "chain" of bodies connected by RotationJoints but that is also less efficient, and less robust. I also wouldn't be able to change the length arbitrarily, but only by adding and removing a whole number of links, and it's not obvious how I would connect the remainder without violating existing joints. This sounds like something that should be straightforward to do. Am I overlooking something?

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• 360 snake movement

  - by Darius Janavicius

  I'm trying to do 360 degree snake game in actionscript 3. Here is my movement code: //head movement head.x += snake_speed*Math.cos((head.rotation) * (Math.PI /180)); head.y += snake_speed*Math.sin((head.rotation) * (Math.PI /180)); if (dir == "left") head.rotation -= snake_speed*2; if (dir == "right") head.rotation +=snake_speed*2; //Body part movement for(var i:int = body_parts.length-1; i>0; i--) { var angle = (body_parts[i-1].rotation)*(Math.PI/180); body_parts[i].y = body_parts[i-1].y - (25 * Math.sin(angle)); body_parts[i].x = body_parts[i-1].x - (25 * Math.cos(angle)); body_parts[i].rotation = body_parts[i-1].rotation; } With this code head moves just like I want it to move, but body parts have the same angle as head and it looks wrong. What I want to achieve is to make body parts to move like in game "Ultimate snake". Here is a link to that game: http://armorgames.com/play/387/ultimate-snake P.S. I saw similar question here "How to approach 360 degree snake" but didnt understand the answer :/

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