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• How to improve Windows Server 2008 R2 to handle many connections?

  - by invisal

  It has been a few days so far that I am trying to figure how to solve this problem. First of all, I am running a website with an average daily page view of 350,000. Previously, all ads management (tracking click and impression that each ads has served) and content were served in a single server with the following spec: Server 1 OS: Windows 2008 R2 64-Bit CPU: Intel® Core™ i5 - 4 cores RAM: 8 GB Storage: 2 x 1 TB hard drives Bandwidth: 10 TB per month To improve our website speed, I decided to separate the ads management script to another dedicated server because we have more than 15 advertisers to 30 advertisers per each page. Server 2 OS: Windows 2008 R2 64-Bit CPU: Intel® Core™ i5 - 4 cores RAM: 4 GB Storage: 2 x 300 GB hard drives Bandwidth: 10 TB per month The Problem The problem is that Server 1 can handle both content and ads system. Now, that I take away the ads system and put it at Server 2. Server 2 can barely serve only ads system. Test First of all, I moved 75% of the ads to Server 2. And then, perform a ping to server: ping -t xxxxx. [I did the ping for 10 minutes and its following similar pattern as below] Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=290ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=289ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=320ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=286ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=286ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=348ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=284ms TTL=116 Then, I moved 100% of the ads to Server 2. Then, perform a ping to server again. [I did the ping for 10 minutes and its following similar pattern as below] Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=290ms TTL=116 Request timed out Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=320ms TTL=116 Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=286ms TTL=116 Request timed out Request timed out Reply from xxxxx bytes=32 time=284ms TTL=116 Attempts Increase MaxUserPort and TcpNumConnection Restart the server Increase IIS Max Instances and Instance MaxRequests Server Resource Only 10%-15% of the network connection is used Only 10%-15% of the CPU is used Only 25% of the memory is used

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• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the various virtual machine image formats?

  - by Matt

  Xen and Virtualbox etc both support a range of different virtual machine image formats. These are: vmdk, vdi, qcow & qcow2, hdd & vhd. Without any bias toward a particular product, I'm wanting to know what are the advantages and disadvantages of the various formats both from a features perspective, robustness and speed? One piece of info I discovered in a forum post was this: "The major difference is that VDI uses relatively large blocks (1MB) when growing an image, and thus has less overhead for block pointers etc. but isn't ultimately space efficient in the sense that if a single byte is non-zero in such a 1MB block the entire space is used. VMDK in contrast uses 64K blocks, and thus has more management overhead and generally a bit less disk space consumption What offsets this is that VDI is more efficient when it comes to snapshots." You might be thinking, I want to know this because I want to know which format to choose? Not exactly, I'm developing some software which utilises these formats and want to support one or more of them. Simplicity, large disks and ease of development are my main drivers.

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• ReadyBoost in Windows 7

  - by Robert Koritnik

  I've bought an SD card today for my phot frame, but when I inserted it into my notebook I saw I could use it for ReadyBoost. Some background I'm a .net developer, using VMs and developing web applications (and Sharepoint). I use an HP notebook machine with Core 2 Duo 2GHz + 4GB RAM + 320 7200 HD. I simultaneously run Visual Studio 2010 with some plugins SQL Server Firefox with at least 10 tabs Chrome with about 5 tabs IIS VM with Server 2008 machine Sharepoint and occasionally also Photoshop and some InDesign as well. So I don't let my machine have a break. :D Question If I buy myself some really fast SDHC card (like SanDisk 16GB Extreme 30MB/s - is there anything faster) and use it with my Windows 7 ReadyBoost, will I see any performance gain? Is it going to work something similar to Seagate's HybridDrive Momentus with 4GB of solid state drive? What could I actually expect if I do put this card into my machine? And what would be recommended size? Observations I guess redirecting page file to it would speed up the system. Some VM machines on it would probably run faster as well because they could run parallel to HD host system I guess. Am I right or wrong?

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• Limiting bandwidth on internal interface on Linux gateway

  - by Jack Scott

  I am responsible for a Linux-based (it runs Debian) branch office router that takes a single high-speed Internet connection (eth2) and turns it into about 20 internal networks, each with a seperate subnet (192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.20.0/24) and a seperate VLAN (eth0.101 to eth0.120). I am trying to restrict bandwidth on one of the internal subnets that is consistently chewing up more bandwidth than it should. What is the best way to do this? My first try at this was with wondershaper, which I heard about on SuperUser here. Unfortunately, this is useful for exactly the opposite situation that I have... it's useful on the client side, not on the Internet side. My second attempt was using the script found at http://www.topwebhosts.org/tools/traffic-control.php, which I modified so the active part is: tc qdisc add dev eth0.113 root handle 13: htb default 100 tc class add dev eth0.113 parent 13: classid 13:1 htb rate 3mbps tc class add dev eth0.113 parent 13: classid 13:2 htb rate 3mbps tc filter add dev eth0.113 protocol ip parent 13:0 prio 1 u32 match ip dst 192.168.13.0/24 flowid 13:1 tc filter add dev eth0.113 protocol ip parent 13:0 prio 1 u32 match ip src 192.168.13.0/24 flowid 13:2 What I want this to do is restrict the bandwidth on VLAN 113 (subnet 192.168.13.0/24) to 3mbit up and 3mbit down. Unfortunately, it seems to have no effect at all! I'm very inexperienced with the tc command, so any help getting this working would be appreciated.

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• I must clear my cmos to be able to boot

  - by Fredou

  I have this Asus p7p55d-e pro for about 8 months(got it last July) and for this last 3-4 days I cannot boot without clearing my CMOS what I have is: Seasonic M12D 750W ASUS P7P55D-E Pro Intel Core i5 760 Quad Core Processor Lynnfield LGA1156 XFX GeForce® 8800 GT Alpha Dog 512MB DDR3 Standard (PV-T88P-YDF4) 2x Corsair XMS3 CMX4GX3M2A1600C7 4GB DDR3 2X2GB DDR3-1600 CL 7-8-7-20 I tried to remove all the unnecessary stuff: HD/dvd/pci card/usb cable/etc I tried with only 1 dimm filled, instead of my 4, each one individually it didn't work I tried changing the battery, here goes a few dollars to nowhere, didn't work if I don't reset the CMOS it sometime stock on RAM led, sometime on BOOT DEVICE led, when this happen, it stuck on CPU speed detection when I boot right after the reset, i MUST click on the F2 option (boot with default bios setting) if i go into the bios and save/restart, i have to reset it again when booted, everything is rock solid stable, tried memtest, cpu stress, etc, etc. without issue what should be my next step? trying a new psu? (i need to find one..) doing rma? (i need this mb since it's my only computer...) something else?

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• Serving images from another hostname vs Apache overload for the rewrites

  - by luison

  We are trying to improve further the speed of some sites with older HTML in order as well to obtain better SEO results. We have now applied some minify measures, combined html, css etc. We use a small virtualized infrastructure and we've always wanted to use a light + standar http server configuration so the first one can serve images and static contents vs the other one php, rewrites, etc. We can easily do that now with a VM using the same files and conf of vhosts (bind mounts) on apache but with hardly any modules loaded. This means the light httpd will have smaller fingerprint that would allow us to serve more and quicker, have more minSpareServer running, etc. So, as browsers benefit from loading static content from different hostnames as well, we've thought about building a rewrite rule on our main server (main.com) to "redirect" all images and css *.jpg, *.gif, *.css etc to the same at say cdn.main.com thus the browser being able to have more connections. The question is, assuming we have a very complex rewrite ruleset already (we manually manipulate many old URLs for SEO) will it be worth? I mean will the additional load of main's apache to have to redirect main.com/image.jpg (I understand we'll have to do a 301) to cdn.main.com/image.jpg + then cdn.main.com having to serve it, be larger than the gain we would be archiving on the browser? Could the excess of 301s of all images on a page be penalized by google? How do large companies work this out, does the original code already include images linked from the cdn with absolute paths? EDIT Just to clarify, our concern is not to do so much with server performance or bandwith. We could obviously employ an external CDN server but we have plenty CPU and bandwith. Our concern is with how to have "old" sites with plenty semi-static HTML content benefiting from splitting connections for images and static content via apache without having to change the html to absolute paths (ie. image.jpg to cdn.main.com/image.jpg happening on the server not the code)

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• Can't connect two PCs to a Network Switch at the same time (Windows 7)

  - by puk

  I have two computers connected to a network switch and every once in a while one of the computers will lose its internet connection. It's almost always the same computer every time. However, if I play around with the control panel, I can switch it, so that now the other computer is not connected. Restarting either of the computers does not help either. In Windows, the worlds-greatest-trouble-shooter tells me that a network cable is unplugged and that I should try plugging it in...Disabling and re-enabling my NIC does not fix this problem, neither does swapping cables around. When rebooting, the BIOS complains about how the Ethernet Cable is not plugged in. If it's in any way important, My set up at the office is like so: Modem - Routher - Network Switch 1 - Network Switch 2. I have tried turning off the energy saving option for my NIC, and I tried manually setting the link-speed to 100Mbps Full Duplex without any luck. Also, I have a Realtek PCIe GBE Family controller on both computers Does anyone have any idea why this is happening every 5-10 days? EDIT: I have also tried using a completely different Network Switch and the problem still persists as before.

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• Ubuntu in VirtualBox File Modified Time in Future and PHP slow file operations

  - by user1750

  For some reason, some of my files have a last modified date in the future. In addition to this, file operations in PHP are SUPER slow. For example, rebuilding the Symfony2 cache can take over 40 seconds (its takes 1-2 on my MacBook Pro). Notice the time for ListingsCRUDController.php. It just says "2012". In order see the date more clearly I ran ls --time-style="full-iso" -l For some reason it shows that this file's last modified date is ~5 hours into the future. System time: To make things more confusing, the system will intermittently speed up. Suddenly, my app will start serving requests in 1-2 seconds (down from 40 seconds) for no apparent reason. I mean I don't do anything to my code/system config - it just changes. Also, during a slow PHP request, the php5-fpm process (nginx) uses 100% of the CPU for the duration of the request. This is the second VM this has happened on and I need to know why its doing this. It has become unusable. Information About My Setup VirtualBox 4.2.0 Host: Macbook Pro Guest: Ubuntu Server 12.04 Package dkms is installed Timezones match for Ubuntu and PHP. Things I've Tried Both Apache and Nginx. APC enabled and disabled. Xdebug enabled and disabled. 1 processor up to 4 processors. 1gb memory up to 4gb memory. I've installed Ubuntu using the regular kernel and the VM kernel.

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• Users suddenly missing write permissions to the root drive c within an active directory domain

  - by Kevin

  I'm managing an active directory single domain environment on some Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012 machines. Since a few weeks I got a strange issue. Some users (not all!) report that they cannot any longer save, copy or write files to the root drive c, whether on their clients (vista, win 7) nor via remote desktop connection on a Windows Server 2008 machine. Even running programs that require direct write permissions to the root drive without administrator permissions fail to do so since then. The affected users have local administrator permissions. The question I'm facing now is: What caused this change of system behavior? Why did this happen? I didn't find out yet. What was the last thing I did before it happened? The last action that was made before it happened was the rollout of a GPO containing network drive mappings for the users depending on their security group membership. All network drives are located on a linux server with samba enabled. We did not change any UAC settings, and they have always been activated. However I can't imagine that rolling out this GPO caused the problem. Has anybody faced an issue like that? Just in case: I know that it is for a specific reason that an user without administrative privileges is prevented from writing to the root drive since windows vista and the implementation of UAC. I don't think that those users should be able to write to drive c, but I try to figure out why this is happening and a few weeks ago this was still working. I also know that a user who is a member of the local administrators group does not execute anything with administrator permissions per default unless he or she executes a program with this permissions. What did I do yet? I checked the permissions of the affected programs, the affected clients/server. Didn't find something special. I checked ALL of our GPOs if there exist any restrictions that could prevent the affected users from writing to the root drive. Did not find any settings. I checked the UAC settings of the affected users and compared those to other users that still can write to the root drive. Everything similar. I googled though the internet and tried to find someone who had a similar problem. Did not find one. Has anybody an idea? Thank you very much. Edit: The GPO that was rolled out does the following (Please excuse if the settings are not named exactly like that, I translated the settings into english): **Windows Settings -- Network Drive Mappings -- Drive N: -- General:** Action: Replace **Properties:** Letter: N Location: \\path-to-drive\drivename Re-Establish connection: deactivated Label as: Name_of_the_Share Use first available Option: deactivated **Windows Settings -- Network Drive Mappings -- Drive N: -- Public: Options:** On error don't process any further elements for this extension: no Run as the logged in user: no remove element if it is not applied anymore: no Only apply once: no **Securitygroup:** Attribute -- Value bool -- AND not -- 0 name -- domain\groupname sid -- sid-of-the-group userContext -- 1 primaryGroup -- 0 localGroup -- 0 **Securitygroup:** Attribute -- Value bool -- OR not -- 0 name -- domain\another-groupname sid -- sid-of-the-group userContext -- 1 primaryGroup -- 0 localGroup -- 0 Edit: The Error-Message of an affected users says the following: Due to an unexpected error you can't copy the file. Error-Code 0x80070522: The client is missing a required permission. The command icacls C: shows the following: NT-AUTORITY\SYSTEM:(OI)(CI)(F) PRE-DEFINED\Administrators:(OI)(CI)(F) computername\username:(OI)(CI)(F) A college just told me that also the primary domain-controller (PDC) changed from Windows Server 2008 to Windows Server 2012. That also may be a reason. Any suggestions?

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• For Australian audiences, would an uncached .com.au domain resolve faster than an uncached .com?

  - by thomasrutter

  Is there any speed benefit to using a .com.au domain rather than a .com if your customers, hosting and DNS services are in Australia, specifically in the worst typical case (domain is not cached in any local DNS relay for customer)? Assuming that both domains pointed to the same nameservers in the end. I know this is mostly academic because we are talking about a DNS lookup that would take at most a few hundred milliseconds and would only be relevant once at the beginning of a session. I just was curious. I know that an uncached .com lookup will involve consulting at least one ?.gtld-servers.net. server and an uncached .com.au will involve consulting at least one ?.au. server. Now, what I guess I'd need to know is Are the various ?.gtld-servers.net. servers using anycast technology that would have local fully authoritative nodes in Australia, making them just as fast to Australians as ?.au. and avoiding a 200ms+ overseas latency, or are some or all of them hosted only in the US or in the northern hemisphere?

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• django, mod_wsgi, MySQL High CPU - Problems

  - by Red Rover

  I am having a problem with an OSQA site. It is Django/Apache/mod_wsgi configured site. Every hour, the CPU spikes to 164% (Average) for task HTTPD. After 10 minutes, it frees back up. I have reviewed the logs, cron tables, made many config changes, but cannot track this problem down. Can someone please look at the information below and let me know if it is a configuration problem, or if anyone else has experienced this issue. Running TOP shows HTTPD using 165% of CPU VMware performance monitor also displays spikes. This happens every hour for 10 minutes. I have the following information from server status Server Version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 mod_wsgi/3.2 Python/2.6.6 Server Built: Feb 7 2012 09:50:15 Current Time: Sunday, 10-Jun-2012 21:44:29 EDT Restart Time: Sunday, 10-Jun-2012 19:44:51 EDT Parent Server Generation: 0 Server uptime: 1 hour 59 minutes 37 seconds Total accesses: 1088 - Total Traffic: 11.5 MB CPU Usage: u80.26 s243.8 cu0 cs0 - 4.52% CPU load .152 requests/sec - 1682 B/second - 10.8 kB/request 4 requests currently being processed, 11 idle workers ....._..........__......W....................................... ...................................C._..._....._L__._L_._....... ...................... Scoreboard Key: "_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request, "W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup, "C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing, "I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process Srv PID Acc M CPU SS Req Conn Child Slot Client VHost Request 0-0 - 0/0/34 . 0.42 327 17 0.0 0.00 0.67 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 1-0 - 0/0/22 . 0.31 339 32 0.0 0.00 0.26 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 2-0 - 0/0/22 . 0.65 358 10 0.0 0.00 0.31 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 3-0 - 0/0/31 . 1.03 378 31 0.0 0.00 0.60 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 4-0 - 0/0/20 . 0.45 356 9 0.0 0.00 0.31 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 5-0 18852 0/16/34 _ 0.98 27 18120 0.0 0.37 0.62 69.180.250.36 osqa.informs.org GET /questions/289/what-is-the-difference-between-operations-re 6-0 - 0/0/32 . 0.94 309 29 0.0 0.00 0.64 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 7-0 - 0/0/31 . 1.15 382 32 0.0 0.00 0.75 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 8-0 - 0/0/21 . 0.28 403 19 0.0 0.00 0.20 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 9-0 - 0/0/32 . 1.37 288 16 0.0 0.00 0.60 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 10-0 - 0/0/33 . 1.72 383 16 0.0 0.00 0.40 127.0.0.1 osqa.informs.org OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 I am running Django 1.3 This is a mod_wsgi configuration and copied is the wsgi.conf file: <IfModule !python_module> <IfModule !wsgi_module> LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so <IfModule wsgi_module> <Directory /var/www/osqa> Order allow,deny Allow from all #Deny from all </Directory> WSGISocketPrefix /var/run/wsgi WSGIPythonEggs /var/tmp WSGIDaemonProcess OSQA maximum-requests=10000 WSGIProcessGroup OSQA Alias /admin_media/ /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/Django-1.2.5-py2.6.egg/django/contrib/admin/media/ Alias /m/ /var/www/osqa/forum/skins/ Alias /upfiles/ /var/www/osqa/forum/upfiles/ <Directory /var/www/osqa/forum/skins> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/osqa/osqa.wsgi </IfModule> </IfModule> </IfModule> This is the httpd.conf file Timeout 120 KeepAlive Off MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 MaxKeepAliveRequests 400 KeepAliveTimeout 3 <IfModule prefork.c> Startservers 15 MinSpareServers 10 MaxSpareServers 20 ServerLimit 50 MaxClients 50 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 4 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> We are using MySQL The server is an ESX4i, configured for the VM to use 4 CPUs and 8 GB Ram. Hyper threading is enabled, 2 physical CPU's, with 4 Logical. the CPU are Intel Xeon 2.8 GHz. Total memory is 12GB

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• LAN network (switch?)

  - by guywhoneedsahand

  I am working on setting up the network for a small LAN party (less than 16 people). Most of them do not have wireless cards in their rigs, so I need to set up some way for everyone to a) play LAN games and b) access the internet. The LAN party will probably take place in my basement, where I have enough space. However, the basement is not wired up with the router which is actually on the floor above. I make a cantenna a while back that can boost the wireless performance of my computer significantly. How can I use this to provide internet and LAN to guests? My hope was that I could use a switch like this http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16833181166 for the LAN - but how can I give people access to the internet? Is there such thing as a network extender / 16-port switch? Obviously, the internet performance doesn't need to be super stellar, because the games will be using LAN - so I am looking to provide some usable internet for web browsing, and very high speed LAN for games. Thanks!

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• Completely automated DVD insert-rip-compress-eject workflow

  - by Kevin L.

  (Partially inspired by this question.) Background: I have a PC hidden away behind an HD LCD in custom-built entertainment center. The only visible part of the PC is an external DVD drive, mounted above the Wii. The PC happens to have Windows XP on it; Hackintoshing and Linux might be possible, but I've had issues with drivers for the sound card before. Let's just assume that OS X and Linux are a no-go unless they provide a truly awesome and simple solution for this particular problem. Goal: I would like to have a completely automated workflow for ripping DVDs. Something like this: Push the eject button on the DVD drive, insert the DVD. PC recognizes that this is a video DVD (as opposed to data). PC rips DVD to hard drive. PC finishes ripping, and ejects the DVD tray. PC compresses DVD image into some format that an Xbox 360 can read. PC copies finished compressed video file to a particular folder, so that it can be read into a WMP11 library and seamlessly played by the Xbox 360. PC cleans up all temporary files. Done. The impetus to have this be completely automated is that I’ll never need to switch the TV to the PC’s input and fiddle with the wireless keyboard. That’s just needless user intervention. The UI doesn’t have to be pretty. Nor do I care about speed. And I can probably bridge several of the gaps with some creative Perl use. But it seems likely that many (or all) of the parts should already exist. Any thoughts?

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• Mirror a RAID0 volume

  - by Ghostrider

  I have two SSD running in RAID0. The capacity and speed are just great. I use Windows Home Server to do incremental daily backups. This is fine and well and I've successfully restored from these backups. However. When one of the disks physically died. I was stuck without a working system until the replacement arrives so that I can restore the array from backup. WHS restoration takes about 5 hours which basically means that I'm losing entire day for the process. Is it possible to set up kind of a recovery volume for the RAID array? Use a single mechanical HDD that would be updated with the exact clone of the RAID array on a daily basis. This way if the array goes offline for some reason, I can just boot from the mechanical HDD, lose some perf but will still be able to work. The machine in question runs Windows 7. Creating RAID01 is not an option because of the high price of the SSD and the fact that it still doesn't protect against failure of RAID controller. Is there any way it can be set up?

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• mysql mass insert data

  - by user12145

  Edit: I realized that if I construct a large query in memory, the speed has increased almost 10 times of magnitude "insert ignore into xxx(col1, col2) values('a',1), values('b',1), values('c',1)..." Edit: since I have an index on the first column, the insert time creeps up as I insert more. Can I delay the index until the end? Original: I'm using the following to batch insert 10 million rows into mysql db(not all at once, since they don't all fit into memory), it's too slow(taking many hours). should I use load file to improve performance? I would have to create a second file to store all the 10 million rows, then load that into db. are there better ways? PreparedStatement st=con.prepareStatement("insert ignore into xxx (col1, col2) "+ " values (?, 1)"); Iterator d=data.iterator(); while(d.hasNext()){ st.clearParameters(); st.setString(1, (d.next()).toLowerCase()); st.addBatch(); } int[]updateCounts=st.executeBatch();

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• S5000XVN Intel Motherboard - Only sees 12 out of 16GB of RAM

  - by Richie086

  So I have an older Intel S5000XVN motherboard, here are the specs CPU Arch : 2 CPU - 2 Cores - 2 Threads CPU PSN : Intel Xeon CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz CPU EXT : MMX, SSE (1, 2, 3, 3S), EM64T, VT-x CPUID : 6.F.6 / Extended : 6.F CPU Cache : L1 : 2 x 32 / 2 x 32 KB - L2 : 4096 KB Core : Woodcrest (65 nm) / Stepping : B2 Freq : 2985.21 MHz (331.69 * 9) MB Brand : Intel MB Model : S5000XVN NB : Intel 5000X rev 31 SB : Intel 6321ESB rev 09 RAM : 16384 MB FB-DDR2 RAM Speed : 331.7 MHz (1:1) @ N/A Slot 1 : 2048MB (5300) Slot 1 Manufacturer : Kingston Slot 2 : 2048MB (5300) Slot 2 Manufacturer : Qimonda Slot 3 : 2048MB (5300) Slot 3 Manufacturer : Kingston Slot 4 : 2048MB (5300) Slot 4 Manufacturer : Qimonda Slot 5 : 2048MB (5300) Slot 5 Manufacturer : Kingston Slot 6 : 2048MB (5300) Slot 6 Manufacturer : Qimonda As you can clearly see, CPU-Z says I have 16GB of PC2-5300 RAM installed. For some reason in both BIOS and in Windows the maximum usable RAM is 12GB instead of 16GB. I have a dedicated video card connnected, so it can't be stealing RAM to use for the GPU (the S5000XVN does not have any onboard video). I am running Windows Server 2008 R2 x64 as the primary OS - so there should not be a memory limitation imposed on me from the OS. Has anyone experienced this before? Any ideas on how I can actually use all 16GB of RAM? I plan on using this machine to use for a Hyper-V server and have x2 Quad Core Xeon CPUs on the way as I write this post.

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• How to compare old CPU to new CPU?

  - by Lasse V. Karlsen

  I hope this question doesn't get closed at once :) I have an old laptop, a Compaq NC4200, which is going its final laps around the track these days. Battery is dead, and everything kinda runs slow. It also has only 1GB of memory, and even though I don't know if it can take more, I probably wouldn't be able to get hold of any that matches without having to special order it. The size, however, has been ideal for my usage pattern, so I'm looking to replace it with a similarly sized laptop, at least in the same size category. However, it's been a while since I tried keeping track of CPUs, so I have a question. The old laptop has a Intel Pentium M 760 1.86GHz processor. One laptop I found online has a Intel Pentium SU4100 1.3GHz dual-core. This type of processor seems to be quite common in the price and size-range I've been looking. What kind of relative performance boost could I expect from the old one to the new one? I am not expecting a "about 7.45x speed", but some indication would be nice. For instance, dual-core tells me it might be akin to 2.6GHz, but I assume I can't simply compare 1.86GHz to 2.6GHz and expect the new one to run about 1.4x as fast, I expect more these days. Or is that unrealistic for this kind of processor? Do I need to up my price range and go for a 2+ GHz processor?

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• Users loggin to 3Com switches authenticated by radius not getting admin priv and no access available

  - by 3D1L

  Hi, Following the setup that I have for my Cisco devices, I got some basic level of functionality authenticating users that loggin to 3Com switches authenticated against a RADIUS server. Problem is that I can not get the user to obtain admin privileges. I'm using Microsoft's IAS service. According to 3Com documentation when configuring the access policy on IAS the value of 010600000003 have to be used to specify admin access level. That value have to be input in the Dial-in profile section: 010600000003 - indicates admin privileges 010600000002 - manager 010600000001 - monitor 010600000000 - visitor Here is the configuration on the switch: radius scheme system server-type standard primary authentication XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX accounting optional key authentication XXXXXX key accounting XXXXXX domain system scheme radius-scheme system local-user admin service-type ssh telnet terminal level 3 local-user manager service-type ssh telnet terminal level 2 local-user monitor service-type ssh telnet terminal level 1 The configuration is working with the IAS server because I can check user login events with the Eventviewer tool. Here is the output of the DISPLAY RADIUS command at the switch: [4500]disp radius SchemeName =system Index=0 Type=standard Primary Auth IP =XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Port=1645 State=active Primary Acct IP =127.0.0.1 Port=1646 State=active Second Auth IP =0.0.0.0 Port=1812 State=block Second Acct IP =0.0.0.0 Port=1813 State=block Auth Server Encryption Key= XXXXXX Acct Server Encryption Key= XXXXXX Accounting method = optional TimeOutValue(in second)=3 RetryTimes=3 RealtimeACCT(in minute)=12 Permitted send realtime PKT failed counts =5 Retry sending times of noresponse acct-stop-PKT =500 Quiet-interval(min) =5 Username format =without-domain Data flow unit =Byte Packet unit =1 Total 1 RADIUS scheme(s). 1 listed Here is the output of the DISPLAY DOMAIN and DISPLAY CONNECTION commands after users log into the switch: [4500]display domain 0 Domain = system State = Active RADIUS Scheme = system Access-limit = Disable Domain User Template: Idle-cut = Disable Self-service = Disable Messenger Time = Disable Default Domain Name: system Total 1 domain(s).1 listed. [4500]display connection Index=0 ,Username=admin@system IP=0.0.0.0 Index=2 ,Username=user@system IP=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx On Unit 1:Total 2 connections matched, 2 listed. Total 2 connections matched, 2 listed. [4500] Here is the DISP RADIUS STATISTICS: [4500] %Apr 2 00:23:39:957 2000 4500 SHELL/5/LOGIN:- 1 - ecajigas(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) in un it1 logindisp radius stat state statistic(total=1048): DEAD=1046 AuthProc=0 AuthSucc=0 AcctStart=0 RLTSend=0 RLTWait=2 AcctStop=0 OnLine=2 Stop=0 StateErr=0 Received and Sent packets statistic: Unit 1........................................ Sent PKT total :4 Received PKT total:1 Resend Times Resend total 1 1 2 1 Total 2 RADIUS received packets statistic: Code= 2,Num=1 ,Err=0 Code= 3,Num=0 ,Err=0 Code= 5,Num=0 ,Err=0 Code=11,Num=0 ,Err=0 Running statistic: RADIUS received messages statistic: Normal auth request , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 EAP auth request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Account request , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 Account off request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT auth timeout , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT acct_timeout , Num=3 , Err=1 , Succ=2 Realtime Account timer , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT response , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 EAP reauth_request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PORTAL access , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Update ack , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PORTAL access ack , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Session ctrl pkt , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 RADIUS sent messages statistic: Auth accept , Num=0 Auth reject , Num=0 EAP auth replying , Num=0 Account success , Num=0 Account failure , Num=0 Cut req , Num=0 RecError_MSG_sum:0 SndMSG_Fail_sum :0 Timer_Err :0 Alloc_Mem_Err :0 State Mismatch :0 Other_Error :0 No-response-acct-stop packet =0 Discarded No-response-acct-stop packet for buffer overflow =0 The other problem is that when the RADIUS server is not available I can not log in to the switch. The switch have 3 local accounts but none of them works. How can I specify the switch to use the local accounts in case that the RADIUS service is not available?

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• Rails/Mongo across multiple different geo-regions

  - by wmarbut

  I have a system that by necessity requires physical presence in three or more different locations and I need advice on structuring in such a way that my database stays replicated in a timely manner without horrible latency. I've seen mysql access and replication be incredibly slow when the application server was trying to talk to a node that wasn't physically collocated. In this case I am using mongodb. The stack is linux/passenger/ruby/rails/mongodb. The database is write heavy and read light. The infrastructure is Amazon EC2 The application layer must be physically located in 3 or more different locations. I can't justify this requirement further than it is a requirement. The database, however needn't be located in more than one location if it can be written to quickly from other locations. From reading mongo's documentation, mongo replication seems like more of a candidate than sharding b/c my datastore is not huge. However I don't see anything that addresses the issue of speed for servers communicating across large distances with potentially high latency.

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• USB To Serial under OpenSuse 11.3

  - by Exsisto

  I have a LogiLink USB-To-Serial adapter. This has the PL2303 chip inside. When I insert the device: [26064.927083] usb 7-1: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 9 [26065.076090] usb 7-1: New USB device found, idVendor=067b, idProduct=2303 [26065.076099] usb 7-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [26065.076105] usb 7-1: Product: USB-Serial Controller [26065.076110] usb 7-1: Manufacturer: Prolific Technology Inc. [26065.079181] pl2303 7-1:1.0: pl2303 converter detected [26065.091296] usb 7-1: pl2303 converter now attached to ttyUSB0 So the device is recognized and the converter is attached to ttyUSB0. When I do screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600 I get the error: bash: /dev/ttyUSB0: Permission denied So I went looking in the file permissions. ls -l from the /dev folder reports: crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 2011-04-26 15:47 ttyUSB0 I added my user lars to the dialout group. When I use the commands groups under lars it shows that I'm in the group. Though I still recieve the permissions denied error, as lars, and as root. I'm trying to connect to a console cable to configure some Cisco switches. My OS is OpenSuse 11.3 x86_64 with kernel version 2.6.34.7-0.7-desktop.

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• Network Restructure Method for Double-NAT network

  - by Adrian

  Due to a series of poor network design decisions (mostly) made many years ago in order to save a few bucks here and there, I have a network that is decidedly sub-optimally architected. I'm looking for suggestions to improve this less-than-pleasant situation. We're a non-profit with a Linux-based IT department and a limited budget. (Note: None of the Windows equipment we have runs does anything that talks to the Internet nor do we have any Windows admins on staff.) Key points: We have a main office and about 12 remote sites that essentially double NAT their subnets with physically-segregated switches. (No VLANing and limited ability to do so with current switches) These locations have a "DMZ" subnet that are NAT'd on an identically assigned 10.0.0/24 subnet at each site. These subnets cannot talk to DMZs at any other location because we don't route them anywhere except between server and adjacent "firewall". Some of these locations have multiple ISP connections (T1, Cable, and/or DSLs) that we manually route using IP Tools in Linux. These firewalls all run on the (10.0.0/24) network and are mostly "pro-sumer" grade firewalls (Linksys, Netgear, etc.) or ISP-provided DSL modems. Connecting these firewalls (via simple unmanaged switches) is one or more servers that must be publically-accessible. Connected to the main office's 10.0.0/24 subnet are servers for email, tele-commuter VPN, remote office VPN server, primary router to the internal 192.168/24 subnets. These have to be access from specific ISP connections based on traffic type and connection source. All our routing is done manually or with OpenVPN route statements Inter-office traffic goes through the OpenVPN service in the main 'Router' server which has it's own NAT'ing involved. Remote sites only have one server installed at each site and cannot afford multiple servers due to budget constraints. These servers are all LTSP servers several 5-20 terminals. The 192.168.2/24 and 192.168.3/24 subnets are mostly but NOT entirely on Cisco 2960 switches that can do VLAN. The remainder are DLink DGS-1248 switches that I am not sure I trust well enough to use with VLANs. There is also some remaining internal concern about VLANs since only the senior networking staff person understands how it works. All regular internet traffic goes through the CentOS 5 router server which in turns NATs the 192.168/24 subnets to the 10.0.0.0/24 subnets according to the manually-configured routing rules that we use to point outbound traffic to the proper internet connection based on '-host' routing statements. I want to simplify this and ready All Of The Things for ESXi virtualization, including these public-facing services. Is there a no- or low-cost solution that would get rid of the Double-NAT and restore a little sanity to this mess so that my future replacement doesn't hunt me down? Basic Diagram for the main office: These are my goals: Public-facing Servers with interfaces on that middle 10.0.0/24 network to be moved in to 192.168.2/24 subnet on ESXi servers. Get rid of the double NAT and get our entire network on one single subnet. My understanding is that this is something we'll need to do under IPv6 anyway, but I think this mess is standing in the way.

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• Pfsense 2.1 OpenVPN can't reach servers on the LAN

  - by Lucas Kauffman

  I have a small network set up like this: I have a Pfsense for connecting my servers to the WAN, they are using NAT from the LAN - WAN. I have an OpenVPN server using TAP to allow remote workers to be put on the same LAN network as the servers. They connect through the WAN IP to the OVPN interface. The LAN interface also servers as the gateway for the servers to get internet connection and has an IP of 10.25.255.254 The OVPN Interface and the LAN interface are bridged in BR0 Server A has an IP of 10.25.255.1 and is able to connect the internet Client A is connecting through the VPN and is assigned an IP address on its TAP interface of 10.25.24.1 (I reserved a /24 within the 10.25.0.0/16 for VPN clients) Firewall currently allows any-any connection OVPN towards LAN and vice versa Currently when I connect, all routes seem fine on the client side: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.25.0.0 10.25.255.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 10.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I can ping the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.254 PING 10.25.255.254 (10.25.255.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=7.65 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=7.49 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=7.69 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=7.31 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=7.52 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=7.42 ms But I can't ping past the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.1 PING 10.25.255.1 (10.25.255.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) I ran a tcpdump on my em1 interface (LAN interface which has the IP of 10.25.255.254) tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 08:21:13.449222 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 10, length 64 08:21:13.458211 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:14.450541 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 11, length 64 08:21:14.458431 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:15.451794 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 12, length 64 08:21:15.458530 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:16.453203 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 13, length 64 So traffic is reaching the LAN interface, but it's not getting passed it. But no answer from the 10.25.255.1 host. I'm not sure what I'm missing.

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• Easy solution to monitoring & blocking connections to non-malicious services, IP's, and tracking companies

  - by binarybunny

  Our family lives in the middle of nowhere, so the only high-speed internet available is Verizon's 3G mobile broadband. We have the highest package available, yet continually go over the 10GB limit and get charged $10 every 1GB we go over. We run a business from home, so stopping when we hit the limit is not an option. I've found the majority of connections are to Google, Microsoft, Akamai, Facebook, and other web service companies (mainly google). I know these are harmless connections, but when it costs money for them to monitor our web activity it becomes a serious problem. Here's some things I've done, but I'm sure there's something else that could help before blocking a huge set of IP ranges: stopped using windows (on my machine) use MVPS host file on all computers use firefox on all computers (with don't track me option) ad block plugin on all browsers blocking google updates blocking windows updates block images in browsers (when possible) use comodo (paranoia-level style of blocking..) virus-free computers with ESET NOD32 bought router and installed dd-wrt in attempt to block connections more diligently (and throttle bandwidth if it comes to that) Anything I'm missing? I know Google analytics is on almost all websites, as well as FB like buttons but I would like to be able to stop these connections without blocking use of google services like gmail, etc. Any ideas?

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• Why does cpuinfo report that my frequency is slower?

  - by Avery Chan

  My machine is running off of a AMD Sempron(tm) X2 190 Processor. According the marketing copy, it should be running at around 2.5 Ghz. Why is the cpu speed being reported as something lower? Spec description (in Chinese) $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 16 model : 6 model name : AMD Sempron(tm) X2 190 Processor stepping : 3 microcode : 0x10000c8 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save bogomips : 5022.89 TLB size : 1024 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate processor : 1 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 16 model : 6 model name : AMD Sempron(tm) X2 190 Processor stepping : 3 microcode : 0x10000c8 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save bogomips : 5022.82 TLB size : 1024 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate

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• Wireless router blocking some sites while using ethernet is fine

  - by Micke

  I'm using Windows 7 and my router is a wireless Apple Airport Express that is approximately two years old. Suddenly I can't access some sites (for example www.sthlm.friskissvettis.se, or www.vegetarian-shoes.co.uk, some streamed tv-shows on svtplay.se, and a number of other random sites) when connecting to internet with my router. It worked good until recently and I'm fairly sure this problem emerged when my ISP upgraded from 10/10mbit to 100/10mbit speed. Most other sites like facebook and google works fine. When using my network cable to connect to internet everything works fine and I can access these sites. Firmware is current and I've tried reseting the router to factory defaults. Tried different browsers, and I can't ping the "blocked" sites either. Tracert www.sthlm.friskissvettis.se starts with 10.0.0.1 and continues through a number of long addresses until it says timeout. The last working address before timeout was sth-tcy-ipcore01-ge-0-2-0.neq.dgcsystems.net [83.241.252.13], if it matters. Tracert www.vegetarian-shoes.co.uk also eventually gives me a timeout. When the network cable is plugged in, I still get timeout on tracert www.sthlm.friskissvettis.se even though I can access the site in Chrome. Weird. www.vegetarian-shoes.co.uk doesn't give me a tracert timeout when the cable is plugged in, and I can access the site as usual. I've tried changing DNS servers to use opendns servers instead, but to no use. I've tried pinging these two sites with a lower MTU packet size (with this method: http://www.richard-slater.co.uk/archives/2009/10/23/change-your-mtu-under-vista-or-windows-7/), but still can't access them through ping... I don't know what to do anymore.... any suggestions???

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