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  • I'm looking to learn how to apply traditional animation techniques to my graphics engine - are there any tutorials or online-resources that can help?

    - by blueberryfields
    There are many traditional animation techniques - such as blurring of motion, motion along an elliptical curve rather than a straight line, counter-motion before beginning of movement - which help with creating the appearance of a realistic 3D animated character. I'm looking to incorporate tools and short cuts for some of these into my graphics engine, to make it easier for my end users to use these techniques in their animations. Is there a good resource listing the techniques and the principles behind them, especially how they might apply to a graphics engine or 3D animation?

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  • How do I draw a dotted or dashed line?

    - by Gagege
    I'm trying to draw a dashed or dotted line by placing individual segments(dashes) along a path and then separating them. The only algorithm I could come up with for this gave me a dash length that was variable based on the angle of the line. Like this: private function createDashedLine(fromX:Float, fromY:Float, toX:Float, toY:Float):Sprite { var line = new Sprite(); var currentX = fromX; var currentY = fromY; var addX = (toX - fromX) * 0.0075; var addY = (toY - fromY) * 0.0075; line.graphics.lineStyle(1, 0xFFFFFF); var count = 0; // while line is not complete while (!lineAtDestination(fromX, fromY, toX, toY, currentX, currentY)) { /// move line draw cursor to beginning of next dash line.graphics.moveTo(currentX, currentY); // if dash is even if (count % 2 == 0) { // draw the dash line.graphics.lineTo(currentX + addX, currentY + addY); } // add next dash's length to current cursor position currentX += addX; currentY += addY; count++; } return line; } This just happens to be written in Haxe, but the solution should be language neutral. What I would like is for the dash length to be the same no matter what angle the line is. As is, it's just adding 75 thousandths of the line length to the x and y, so if the line is and a 45 degree angle you get pretty much a solid line. If the line is at something shallow like 85 degrees then you get a nice looking dashed line. So, the dash length is variable, and I don't want that. How would I make a function that I can pass a "dash length" into and get that length of dash, no matter what the angle is? If you need to completely disregard my code, be my guest. I'm sure there's a better solution.

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  • Architectural advice - websockets javascript/php integration

    - by Ewan Vaentine
    Myself and a friend have started making a game, he's likely to be using impact.js for the user interaction etc, but we need multiplayer functionality so some form of websockets for TCP connections etc. So we were thinking impact.js into socket.io and node.js. However, user accounts, ecommerce, session handling and social media integration will all be handled with Codeigniter (PHP), my question is, is it wise to have node.js running in parallel with Codeigniter, or if this is even possible? If not, if you were to create a multiplayer online game utilising ecomms to buy credits and user accounts, how would you go about this from a structural position and what engines/frameworks would you recommend? I'm new to this site so I apologise in advance if I'm posting something inappropriate. Cheers, Ewan

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  • Difficulties with rotation of a sprite

    - by Andy
    I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. My dolphin always rests in the same angle while it jumps. But I want that it changes the rotation during the jump, like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation = 45; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation = -45; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { VelocityY += -10f; } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, MathHelper.ToRadians(rotation), new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • Problem with sprite direction and rotation

    - by user2236165
    I have a sprite called Tool that moves with a speed represented as a float and in a direction represented as a Vector2. When I click the mouse on the screen the sprite change its direction and starts to move towards the mouseclick. In addition to that I rotate the sprite so that it is facing in the direction it is heading. However, when I add a camera that is suppose to follow the sprite so that the sprite is always centered on the screen, the sprite won't move in the given direction and the rotation isn't accurate anymore. This only happens when I add the Camera.View in the spriteBatch.Begin(). I was hoping anyone could maybe shed a light on what I am missing in my code, that would be highly appreciated. Here is the camera class i use: public class Camera { private const float zoomUpperLimit = 1.5f; private const float zoomLowerLimit = 0.1f; private float _zoom; private Vector2 _pos; private int ViewportWidth, ViewportHeight; #region Properties public float Zoom { get { return _zoom; } set { _zoom = value; if (_zoom < zoomLowerLimit) _zoom = zoomLowerLimit; if (_zoom > zoomUpperLimit) _zoom = zoomUpperLimit; } } public Rectangle Viewport { get { int width = (int)((ViewportWidth / _zoom)); int height = (int)((ViewportHeight / _zoom)); return new Rectangle((int)(_pos.X - width / 2), (int)(_pos.Y - height / 2), width, height); } } public void Move(Vector2 amount) { _pos += amount; } public Vector2 Position { get { return _pos; } set { _pos = value; } } public Matrix View { get { return Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-_pos.X, -_pos.Y, 0)) * Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(Zoom, Zoom, 1)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(ViewportWidth * 0.5f, ViewportHeight * 0.5f, 0)); } } #endregion public Camera(Viewport viewport, float initialZoom) { _zoom = initialZoom; _pos = Vector2.Zero; ViewportWidth = viewport.Width; ViewportHeight = viewport.Height; } } And here is my Update and Draw-method: protected override void Update (GameTime gameTime) { float elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState (); foreach (TouchLocation tl in touchCollection) { if (tl.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed || tl.State == TouchLocationState.Moved) { //direction the tool shall move towards direction = touchCollection [0].Position - toolPos; if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //change the direction the tool is moving and find the rotationangle the texture must rotate to point in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); RotationAngle = (float)Math.Atan2 (direction.Y, direction.X); } } if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //move tool in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); //change cameracentre to the tools position Camera.Position = toolPos; base.Update (gameTime); } protected override void Draw (GameTime gameTime) { graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear (Color.Blue); spriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, null, Camera.View); spriteBatch.Draw (tool, new Vector2 (toolPos.X, toolPos.Y), null, Color.White, RotationAngle, originOfToolTexture, 1, SpriteEffects.None, 1); spriteBatch.End (); base.Draw (gameTime); }

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  • Setting uniform value of a vertex shader for different sprites in a SpriteBatch

    - by midasmax
    I'm using libGDX and currently have a simple shader that does a passthrough, except for randomly shifting the vertex positions. This shift is a vec2 uniform that I set within my code's render() loop. It's declared in my vertex shader as uniform vec2 u_random. I have two different kind of Sprites -- let's called them SpriteA and SpriteB. Both are drawn within the same SpriteBatch's begin()/end() calls. Prior to drawing each sprite in my scene, I check the type of the sprite. If sprite instance of SpriteA: I set the uniform u_random value to Vector2.Zero, meaning that I don't want any vertex changes for it. If sprite instance of SpriteB, I set the uniform u_random to Vector2(MathUtils.random(), MathUtils.random(). The expected behavior was that all the SpriteA objects in my scene won't experience any jittering, while all SpriteB objects would be jittering about their positions. However, what I'm experiencing is that both SpriteA and SpriteB are jittering, leading me to believe that the u_random uniform is not actually being set per Sprite, and being applied to all sprites. What is the reason for this? And how can I fix this such that the vertex shader correctly accepts the uniform value set to affect each sprite individually? passthrough.vsh attribute vec4 a_color; attribute vec3 a_position; attribute vec2 a_texCoord0; uniform mat4 u_projTrans; uniform vec2 u_random; varying vec4 v_color; varying vec2 v_texCoord; void main() { v_color = a_color; v_texCoord = a_texCoord0; vec3 temp_position = vec3( a_position.x + u_random.x, a_position.y + u_random.y, a_position.z); gl_Position = u_projTrans * vec4(temp_position, 1.0); } Java Code this.batch.begin(); this.batch.setShader(shader); for (Sprite sprite : sprites) { Vector2 v = Vector2.Zero; if (sprite instanceof SpriteB) { v.x = MathUtils.random(-1, 1); v.y = MathUtils.random(-1, 1); } shader.setUniformf("u_random", v); sprite.draw(this.batch); } this.batch.end();

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  • Avoiding orbiting in pursuit steering behavior

    - by bobobobo
    I have a missile that does pursuit behavior to track (and try and impact) its (stationary) target. It works fine as long as you are not strafing when you launch the missile. If you are strafing, the missile tends to orbit its target. I fixed this by accelerating tangentially to the target first, killing the tangential component of the velocity first, then beelining for the target. So I accelerate in -vT until vT is nearly 0. Then accelerate in the direction of vN. While that works, I'm looking for a more elegant solution where the missile is able to impact the target without explicitly killing the tangential component first.

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  • Multi Threading - How to split the tasks

    - by Motig
    if I have a game engine with the basic 'game engine' components, what is the best way to 'split' the tasks with a multi-threaded approach? Assuming I have the standard components of: Rendering Physics Scripts Networking And a quad-core, I see two ways of multi-threading: Option A ('Vertical'): Using this approach I can allow one core for each component of the engine; e.g. one core for the Rendering task, one for the Physics, etc. Advantages: I do not need to worry about thread-safety within each component I can take advantage of special optimizations provided for single-threaded access (e.g. DirectX offers a flag that can be set to tell it that you will only use single-threading) Option B ('Horizontal'): Using this approach, each task may be split up into 1 <= n <= numCores threads, and executed simultaneously, one after the other. Advantages: Allows for work-sharing, i.e. each thread can take over work still remaining as the others are still processing I can take advantage of libraries that are designed for multi-threading (i.e. ... DirectX) I think, in retrospect, I would pick Option B, but I wanted to hear you guys' thoughts on the matter.

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  • Model a chain with different elements in Unity 3D

    - by Alex
    I have to model, in unity 3D, a chain that is composed of various elements. some flexible, some rigid. The idea is to realize a human-chain where each person is linked to the other by their hands. I've not tried to implement it yet as i've no idea on what could be a good way to do it. In the game i've to manage a lot of chains of people... maybe also 100 chains composed of 11-15 people. The chain will be pretty simple and there won't be much interaction... Probabily some animation of the people one at time for each chain and some physic reaction (for example pushing a people in a chain should slightle flex the chain) the very problem of this work is that in the chain each object is composed by flexible parts (arms) and rigid parts (the body) and that the connection should remain firm... just like when people handshake... hands are firm and are the wrists to move. i can use C4D to model the meshes. i know this number may cause performance problems, but it's also true i will use low-poly versions of human. (for the real it won't be human, but very simple toonish characters that have harms and legs). So actually i'm trying to find a way to manage this in a way it can work, the performance will be a later problem that i can solve. If there is not a fast 'best-practiced' solution and you have any link/guide/doc that could help me in finding a way to realize this is, it would be very appreciated anyway if you post it. thanks

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  • Text on a model

    - by alecnash
    I am trying to put some text on a Model and I want it to be dynamic. Did some research and came up with drawing the text on the texture and then set it on the model. I use something like this: public static Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Spritbatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture Spritbatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(GraphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); Spritbatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); Spritbatch.End(); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } When I was working with primitives and not models everything worked fine because I set the texture exactly where I wanted but with the model (RoundedRect 3D button). It now looks like that: Is there a way to have the text centered only on one side?

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  • How to handle jumping up a slope in a runner game?

    - by you786
    In an 2D endless runner, what should happen when the player is running "too fast" up a slope and jumps? For example, in a "normal" case: .O. . __..O_____ . / . / O/ _/ If he is moving to the right slowly enough, he will jump upwards and land on the flat part of the surface. However, if he is moving too fast, the jump will have no effect as his forward motion will bring him back in contact with the slope before he can get high enough to pass over it. When the speed is sufficiently high, there will effectively be no jump. _________ / .O/ O/ _/ Are there any known ways to solve this issue? I know it's physically correct*, but are there techniques that other games use to overcome this in a reasonable manner? As a last resort I'll have to just remove all slopes that are too slanted. *If you constrain the player to never jumping backwards.

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  • Dynamic quadrees

    - by paul424
    recently I come out writing Quadtree for creatures culling in Opendungeons game. Thing is those are moving points and bounding hierarchy will quickly get lost if the quadtree is not rebuild very often. I have several variants, first is to upgrade the leaf position , every time creature move is requested. ( note if I would need collision detection anyway, so this might be necessery anyway). Second would be making leafs enough large , that the creature would sure stay inside it's bounding box ( due to its speed limit). The partition of a plane in quadtree is always fixed ( modulo the hierarchical unions of some parts) . For creatures close to the center of the plane , there would be no way of keeping it but inside one big leaf, besides this brokes the invariant that each point can be put into any small area as desired. So on the second thought could I use several quadrees ? Each would have its "coordinate axis XY" somwhere shifted ? Before I start playing with this maybe some other space diving structure would suit me better, unfortunetly wiki does not compare it's execution time : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_%28spatial_index%29#See_also

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  • Freelance composer seeking work! [closed]

    - by Ben Fowler
    Hey guys! I'm a freelance composer based in Victoria, Australia trying to break into the game industry to start my career! I've heard it said that having a plan B is planning for failure, so I've decided to go full on for what I want, so here I am! I have composed some music for other games, none of which have made it in yet (still hopeful :P) Any help on how I can break into to game industry as a composer would be MUCH appreciated!

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  • Help with calculation to steer ship in 3d space

    - by Aaron Anodide
    I'm a beginner using XNA to try and make a 3D Asteroids game. I'm really close to having my space ship drive around as if it had thrusters for pitch and yaw. The problem is I can't quite figure out how to translate the rotations, for instance, when I pitch forward 45 degrees and then start to turn - in this case there should be rotation being applied to all three directions to get the "diagonal yaw" - right? I thought I had it right with the calculations below, but they cause a partly pitched forward ship to wobble instead of turn.... :( Here's current (almost working) calculations for the Rotation acceleration: float accel = .75f; // Thrust +Y / Forward if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.I)) { this.ship.AccelerationY += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationZ) * accel; this.ship.AccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationZ) * -accel; this.ship.AccelerationZ += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; } // Rotation +Z / Yaw if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.J)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationZ += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationY += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationY) * accel; } // Rotation -Z / Yaw if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.K)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationZ += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationX) * -accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationY += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * -accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationY) * -accel; } // Rotation +X / Pitch if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.F)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += accel; } // Rotation -X / Pitch if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.D)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationX -= accel; } I'm combining that with drawing code that does a rotation to the model: public void Draw(Matrix world, Matrix view, Matrix projection, TimeSpan elsapsedTime) { float seconds = (float)elsapsedTime.TotalSeconds; // update velocity based on acceleration this.VelocityX += this.AccelerationX * seconds; this.VelocityY += this.AccelerationY * seconds; this.VelocityZ += this.AccelerationZ * seconds; // update position based on velocity this.PositionX += this.VelocityX * seconds; this.PositionY += this.VelocityY * seconds; this.PositionZ += this.VelocityZ * seconds; // update rotational velocity based on rotational acceleration this.RotationVelocityX += this.RotationAccelerationX * seconds; this.RotationVelocityY += this.RotationAccelerationY * seconds; this.RotationVelocityZ += this.RotationAccelerationZ * seconds; // update rotation based on rotational velocity this.RotationX += this.RotationVelocityX * seconds; this.RotationY += this.RotationVelocityY * seconds; this.RotationZ += this.RotationVelocityZ * seconds; Matrix translation = Matrix.CreateTranslation(PositionX, PositionY, PositionZ); Matrix rotation = Matrix.CreateRotationX(RotationX) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(RotationY) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(RotationZ); model.Root.Transform = rotation * translation * world; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } mesh.Draw(); } }

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  • Collision Detection for 2D

    - by Bhaskar
    I am working on a simple game, where I need to do a collision detection of two Texture2D. The code I have written is: bool perPixelCollission = false; Texture2D texture1 = sprite1.Texture; Texture2D texture2 = sprite1.Texture; Vector2 position1 = new Vector2(sprite1.CurrentScope.X, sprite1.CurrentScope.Y); Vector2 position2 = new Vector2(sprite2.CurrentScope.X, sprite2.CurrentScope.Y); uint[] bitsA = new uint[texture1.Width * texture1.Height]; uint[] bitsB = new uint[texture2.Width * texture2.Height]; Rectangle texture1Rectangle = new Rectangle(Convert.ToInt32(position1.X), Convert.ToInt32(position1.Y), texture1.Width, texture1.Height); Rectangle texture2Rectangle = new Rectangle(Convert.ToInt32(position2.X), Convert.ToInt32(position2.Y), texture2.Width, texture2.Height); texture1.GetData<uint>(bitsA); texture2.GetData<uint>(bitsB); int x1 = Math.Max(texture1Rectangle.X, texture2Rectangle.X); int x2 = Math.Min(texture1Rectangle.X + texture1Rectangle.Width, texture2Rectangle.X + texture2Rectangle.Width); int y1 = Math.Max(texture1Rectangle.Y, texture2Rectangle.Y); int y2 = Math.Min(texture1Rectangle.Y + texture1Rectangle.Height, texture2Rectangle.Y + texture2Rectangle.Height); for (int y = y1; y < y2; ++y) { for (int x = x1; x < x2; ++x) { if (((bitsA[(x - texture1Rectangle.X) + (y - texture1Rectangle.Y) * texture1Rectangle.Width] & 0xFF000000) >> 24) > 20 && ((bitsB[(x - texture2Rectangle.X) + (y - texture2Rectangle.Y) * texture2Rectangle.Width] & 0xFF000000) >> 24) > 20) { perPixelCollission = true; break; } } // Reduce amount of looping by breaking out of this. if (perPixelCollission) { break; } } return perPixelCollission; But this code is really making the game slow. Where can I get some very good collision detection tutorial and code? What is wrong in this code?

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  • Constrained A* problem

    - by Ragekit
    I've got a little problem with an A* algorithm that I need to Constrained a little bit. Basically : I use an A* to find the shortest path between 2 randomly placed room in 3D space, and then build a corridor between them. The problem I found is that sometimes it makes chimney like corridors that are not ideal, so I constrict the A* so that if the last movement was up or down, you go sideways. Everything is fine, but in some corner cases, it fails to find a path (when there is obviously one). Like here between the blue and red dot : (i'm in unity btw, but i don't think it matters) Here is the code of the actual A* (a bit long, and some redundency) while(current != goal) { //add stair up / stair down foreach(Node<GridUnit> test in current.Neighbors) { if(!test.Data.empty && test != goal) continue; //bug at arrival; if(test == goal && penul !=null) { Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //wanna drop on the last if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,to.Data.bounds.center)) { continue; } else { if(Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } if(current.Data.parentUnit != null) { Vector3 previousDiff = current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center - current.Data.bounds.center; Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(previousDiff.y,0)) { if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //you wanna drop now : continue; } if(current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit != null) { if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center)) { continue; }else { if(Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } } g = current.Data.g + HEURISTIC(current.Data,test.Data); h = HEURISTIC(test.Data,goal.Data); f = g + h; if(open.Contains(test) || closed.Contains(test)) { if(test.Data.f > f) { //found a shorter path going passing through that point test.Data.f = f; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; } } else { //jamais rencontré test.Data.f = f; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; open.Add(test); } } closed.Add (current); if(open.Count == 0) { Debug.Log("nothingfound"); //nothing more to test no path found, stay to from; List<GridUnit> r = new List<GridUnit>(); r.Add(from.Data); return r; } //sort open from small to biggest travel cost open.Sort(delegate(Node<GridUnit> x, Node<GridUnit> y) { return (int)(x.Data.f-y.Data.f); }); //get the smallest travel cost node; Node<GridUnit> smallest = open[0]; current = smallest; open.RemoveAt(0); } //build the path going backward; List<GridUnit> ret = new List<GridUnit>(); if(penul != null) { ret.Insert(0,to.Data); } GridUnit cur = goal.Data; ret.Insert(0,cur); do{ cur = cur.parentUnit; ret.Insert(0,cur); } while(cur != from.Data); return ret; You see at the start of the foreach i constrict the A* like i said. If you have any insight it would be cool. Thanks

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  • How do I interpolate air drag with a variable time step?

    - by Valentin Krummenacher
    So I have a little game which works with small steps, however those steps vary in time, so for example I sometimes have 10 Steps/second and then I have 20 Steps/second. This changes automatically depending on how many steps the user's computer can take. To avoid inaccurate positioning of the game's player object I use y=v0*dt+g*dt^2/2 to determine my objects y-position, where dt is the time since the last step, v0 is the velocity of my object in the beginning of my step and g is the gravity. To calculate the velocity in the end of a step I use v=v0+g*dt what also gives me correct results, independent of whether I use 2 steps with a dt of for example 20ms or one step with a dt of 40ms. Now I would like to introduce air drag. For simplicity's sake I use a=k*v^2 where a is the air drag's acceleration (I am aware that it would usually result in a force, but since I assume 1kg for my object's mass the force is the same as the resulting acceleration), k is a constant (in this case I'm using 0.001) and v is the speed. Now in an infinitely small time interval a is k multiplied by the velocity in this small time interval powered by 2. The problem is that v in the next time interval would depend on the drag of the last which again depends on the v of the last interval and so on... In other words: If I use a=k*v^2 I get different results for my position/velocity when I use 2 steps of 20ms than when I use one step of 40ms. I used to have this problem for my position too, but adding +g*dt^2/2 to the formula for my position fixed the problem since it takes into account that the position depends on the velocity which changes slightly in every infinitely small time interval. Does something like that exist for air drag too? And no, I dont mean anything like Adding air drag to a golf ball trajectory equation or similar, for that kind of method only gives correct results when all my steps are the same. (I hope you can understand my intermediate english, it's not my main language so I would like to say sorry for all the silly mistakes I might have made in my question)

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  • 3D RTS pathfinding

    - by xcrypt
    I understand the A* algorithm, but I have some trouble doing it in 3D to suit the needs of my RTS Basically, in the game I'm making, there will be agents with different sizes of OBB collision boxes. I can use steering behaviours for avoiding other agents, so I don't need complete dynamic pathfinding. However, there is a problem because different agents have different collision geometry, and structures can be placed in almost any place. This means that there might be a gap between two structures where some agents can go through and some can't. A solution I have found to this problem is to do a sweep of the collision geometry of the agent from start node of the edge the pf algorithm is currently testing, to the end node of that edge. But this is probably a bit overkill since every edge the algorithm tests would also have to create and test with a collision geometry sweep. What are some reasonable approaches to this problem? I should mention that I'd prefer not to use navmeshes, I prefer waypoints because my entire system is based on it atm.

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  • Are there some methodologies to define a game's rules?

    - by bAN
    I would like to write some rules for a game I have in head but I don't know how to do that. So are there some methodologies or modeling tools (like UML) to do that? I'm thinking about a kind of tree of competencies or some kind of map to be sure that the game is well balanced. I always wonder how the team who imagines some powers in magic the gathering for example does it. Do they have some diagrams to be sure the powers or creatures they imagine are well balanced for the entire game? I'm pretty noob in the game creation so I'll be happy with some directions to seek.. Technical terms or basic principles to learn. Thanks for help.

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  • Ideas for card deck names [closed]

    - by Milan Babuškov
    I'm creating a card game, and wish to offer players to choose from different sets of playing cards. The game logic remains the same, only the design and graphics on the cards would be different. It would feature classic French set, German/Hungarian one, and a bunch of other custom designed ones. I'm looking for some cool names to give to those sets. I thought maybe to use names of some world cities like "London set", "Paris set", "Tokyo set", but there might be something better. I know this is really open-ended question, so there might not be a definitive "correct" answer, but I hope this kind of brainstorming would be useful to anyone looking for ideas to name a set of... well, anything. I'll up-vote any good idea, no matter if I don't end up using any of those.

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  • To sell or give for free

    - by QAH
    Hello everyone! I am currently making a game that I was originally planning to sell. It is a simple 2D arcade style game for the PC. I've seen many indie games become popular and generate revenue from advertisements, but the game itself remains free. I need some advice on whether or not I should sell my game, release it for free with advertisements, or ask for donations and keep the game free. I feel that my game is fun, but of course the graphics aren't tip top because I am a programmer, not an artist. I just take screenshots of 3D models I get from Turbosquid and crop around it to make a sprite. Also, and I could be very wrong about this, it seems that there are more legal issues surrounding selling a game than making it free and generating revenue from advertisement, or asking for donations. If I am wrong, someone please correct me. Also, I am very interested in generating some revenue for my work, but that isn't at the very top of my list. I am in my last year of high school, soon to be going to college, and I am going to major in computer science/software engineering. So I am trying to gain some preliminary experience at home by coding stuff every day. One way of getting this experience is by making this game. So what do you think? What route should I take? What has worked well with other indie games? Thanks in advance.

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  • Collision with half of a semi-circle

    - by heitortsergent
    I am trying to port a game I made using Flash/AS3, to the Windows Phone using C#/XNA 4.0. You can see it here: http://goo.gl/gzFiE In the flash version I used a pixel-perfect collision between meteors (it's a rectangle, and usually rotated) that spawn outside the screen, and move towards the center, and a shield in the center of the screen(which is half of a semi-circle, also rotated by the player), which made the meteor bounce back in the opposite direction it came from, when they collided. My goal now is to make the meteors bounce in different angles, depending on the position it collides with the shield (much like Pong, hitting the borders causes a change in the ball's angle). So, these are the 3 options I thought of: Pixel-perfect collision (Microsoft has a sample) , but then I wouldn't know how to change the meteor angle after the collision 3 BoundingCircle's to represent the half semi-circle shield, but then I would have to somehow move them as I rotate the shield. Farseer Physics. I could make a shape composed of 3 lines, and use that as the collision object for the shield. Is there any other way besides those? Which would be the best way to do it(it's aimed towards mobile devices, so pixel-perfect is probably not a good choice)? Most of the time there's always a easier/better way than what we think of...

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  • HowTo Enable jBullet DebugMode

    - by Kenneth Bray
    I would like to render the physics world of jBullet to debug some issues in my game, and I am not finding too much on enabling the debugDraw method of jBullet. Do I need to write my own debugDraw method, or is there an easier way to draw the physics models to the screen? If there is already a built in method I would prefer to use that, otherwise I guess I will start making my own functions to handle this.

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  • Developing an AI opponent for Monopoly

    - by Bernhard Zürn
    i want to develop an AI opponent for the Board Game Monopoly. I want to implement the whole Game with Prolog (XPCE). The probability for a field on the Board being hit, can be computed with Markov Chains. I already know some "best practices" like "after 50% of the playing time it does not make sense to buy out of jail because in jail you get renting fees for your fields but you don't have to pay for other fields as long as you stay in prison". The interesting question always is: buy a streetfield ? buy houses / hotels ? how much ? so i think i would have to compute some kind of future liquidity .. does anyone know how to pack that into an algorithm or how to translate it to prolog ?

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  • Loading images in XNA 4.0; "Cannot Open File" Problems

    - by user32623
    Okay, I'm writing a game in C#/XNA 4.0 and am utterly stumped at my current juncture: Sprite animation. I understand how it works and have all the code in place, but my ContentLoader won't open my file... Basically, my directory looks like this: //WindowsGame1 - "Game1.cs" - //Classes - "NPC.cs" - Content Reference - //Images - "Monster.png" Inside my NPC class, I have all the essential drawing functions, i.e. LoadContent, Draw, Update. And I can get the game to find the correct file and attempt to open it, but when it tries, it throws an exception and tells me it can't open the file. This is how my code in my NPC class looks: Texture2D NPCImage; Vector2 NPCPosition; Animation NPCAnimation = new Animation(); public void Initialize() { NPCAnimation.Initialize(NPCPosition, new Vector2(4, 4)); } public void LoadContent(ContentManager Content) { NPCImage = Content.Load<Texture2D>("_InsertImageFilePathHere_"); NPCAnimation.AnimationImage = NPCImage; } The rest of the code is irrelevant at this point because I can't even get the image to load. I think it might have to do with a directory problem, but I also know little to nothing about spriting or working with images or animations in my code. Any help is appreciated. Not sure if I provided enough information here, so let me know if more is needed! Also, what would be the correct way to direct that Content.Load to Monster.png given the current directory situation? Right now I just have it using the full path from the C:// drive. Thanks in advance!

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