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  • Contract / Project / Line-Item hierarchy design considerations

    - by Ryan
    We currently have an application that allows users to create a Contract. A contract can have 1 or more Project. A project can have 0 or more sub-projects (which can have their own sub-projects, and so on) as well as 1 or more Line. Lines can have any number of sub-lines (which can have their own sub-lines, and so on). Currently, our design contains circular references, and I'd like to get away from that. Currently, it looks a bit like this: public class Contract { public List<Project> Projects { get; set; } } public class Project { public Contract OwningContract { get; set; } public Project ParentProject { get; set; } public List<Project> SubProjects { get; set; } public List<Line> Lines { get; set; } } public class Line { public Project OwningProject { get; set; } public List ParentLine { get; set; } public List<Line> SubLines { get; set; } } We're using the M-V-VM "pattern" and use these Models (and their associated view models) to populate a large "edit" screen where users can modify their contracts and the properties on all of the objects. Where things start to get confusing for me is when we add, for example, a Cost property to the Line. The issue is reflecting at the highest level (the contract) changes made to the lowest level. Looking for some thoughts as to how to change this design to remove the circular references. One thought I had was that the contract would have a Dictionary<Guid, Project> which would contain ALL projects (regardless of their level in hierarchy). The Project would then have a Guid property called "Parent" which could be used to search the contract's dictionary for the parent object. THe same logic could be applied at the Line level. Thanks! Any help is appreciated.

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  • Of which bad practice is require calling functions in order a sign?

    - by stijn
    Sometimes I find myself writing comments on class methods like this: class A : public Base { public: /** * Sets variable; * should be called before ImplementsInterfaceMtehod(), * else has no effect. */ void SetSomeVariable( var_type value ); virtual void ImplementsInterfaceMethod(); } The callers of Base::ImplementsInterfaceMethod obviously do not know about the variable, and should not. But the users of A should set the variable if they want it to take effect. It is not required to set the variable (else it could be a parameter for the constructor), so I cannot throw exceptions in ImplementsInterfaceMethod if it is not set. Is this a sign of some typical bad practice? Is there a better way than writing a comment as shown to deal with this?

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  • JavaFX - the right way to use Properties with domain objects

    - by pjm56
    JavaFX has provided a bunch of new Property objects, such as javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty which allow you to define fields which can be automatically observed and synchronised. In many JFX examples, the MVC model class has a number of these Property fields, which can then bind automatically to the view. However, this seems to be encouraging us to put JFX properties into our Domain objects (if you assume that the Model class is going to be a domain object), which strikes me as a poor separation of concerns (i.e. putting GUI code in the Domain). Has anyone seen this problem being solved in 'real life' and, if so, how was it done?

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  • Does XNA/MonoGame have a text caching mechanism, or has an open source one been implemented?

    - by Casey
    I'm playing around with MonoGame, and I've noticed the SpriteFont class draws static text very inefficiently. Each time the text is drawn the spacing is recalculated. This isn't a big deal on my quad core PC, but on mobile applications it might be a problem. Before I go and program some text which caches the arrangement of its letters in an array and then feeds that array to the SpriteBatch, I would like to make sure there isn't something available to do this already, either in MonoGame itself or a class someone has implemented and made available for general use.

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  • Question about JPanel "transition" for Java Swing

    - by user16778
    I want to make like a sort of main menu (in GUI). When the user clicks the start button, the screen transition into another "screen" (JPanel). This image will make it easier to understand. http://i.imgur.com/Cfdry.png Currently, I have a MainMenu extends JPanel and that gets added into a driver class with a JFrame. I can't figure how to switch to another class like Game extends JPanel. So when the user clicks the start button in MainMenu, I want it to somehow hide itself and the Game to show itself. Thanks.

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  • How do I communicate with an IronPython component in a C#/XNA game?

    - by Jonathan Hobbs
    My XNA game is component-oriented, and has various components for position, physics representation, rendering, etc, all of which extend a base Component class. The player and enemies also have controllers which are currently defined in C#. I'd like to turn them into Python scripts, but I'm not sure how to interact with those scripts. The examples in Embedding IronPython in a C# Application suggest I'd have to create a wrapper class (e.g. a Script component) which compiles a Python script, and call the Update methods of the component in the script Is this the most effective way of working with a Python object? I feel that I'm missing something in my research - there must be a way to load up a script, instantiate a Python object and then work directly with it from within C#. Or is the wrapper required?

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  • Creating Rectangle-based buttons with OnClick events

    - by Djentleman
    As the title implies, I want a Button class with an OnClick event handler. It should fire off connected events when it is clicked. This is as far as I've made it: public class Button { public event EventHandler OnClick; public Rectangle Rec { get; set; } public string Text { get; set; } public Button(Rectangle rec, string text) { this.Rec = rec; this.Text = text; } } I have no clue what I'm doing with regards to events. I know how to use them but creating them myself is another matter entirely. I've also made buttons without using events that work on a case-by-case basis. So basically, I want to be able to attach methods to the OnClick EventHandler that will fire when the Button is clicked (i.e., the mouse intersects Rec and the left mouse button is clicked).

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  • Case convention- Why the variation between languages?

    - by Jason
    Coming from a Java background, I'm very used to camelCase. When writing C, using the underscore wasn't a big adjustment, since it was only used sparingly when writing simple Unix apps. In the meantime, I stuck with camelCase as my style, as did most of the class. However, now that I'm teaching myself C# in preparation for my upcoming Usability Design class in the fall, the PascalCase convention of the language is really tripping me up and I'm having to rely on intellisense a great deal in order to make sure the correct API method is being used. To be honest, switching to the PascalCase layout hasn't quite sunk in the muscle memory just yet, and that is frustrating from my point of view. Since C# and Java are considered to be brother languages, as both are descended from C++, why the variation in the language conventions? Was it a personal decision by the creators based on their comfort level, or was it just to play mindgames with new introductees to the language?

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  • Executive overview of Oracle Fusion Applications in 1-day from your desktop

    - by mseika
    Designed from the ground up using the latest technology advances and incorporating the best practices gathered from Oracle's thousands of customers, Oracle Fusion Applications are 100% open-standards-based business applications that set a new standard for the way we innovate, work, and adopt technology. Learn more about them: Oracle University has scheduled a 1–day executive overview as a Live Virtual Class on the following dates: · 18 November · 22 November · 1 December · 2 December Your OPN discount applies to the standard price shown on the website! New In Class and Online dates will be shared on education.oracle.com. Book online or contact your local Oracle University representative for scheduling requests and more information.

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  • What do I need to know about Data Structures and Algorithms in the "real" world

    - by Ray T Champion
    I just finished the data structures and algorithms course in school , I took it during the summer so 6wks course vs a 16 wk course during the regular semester. So not only was the course hard but it was really really really fast. My question is what do I need to know about data structures in the real world? I understand what they do and how they work, for the most part, but I had a real tough time coding them , I wouldn't be able to write the code for a binary tree class or a balanced tree class from scratch .... Is that bad? should I retake it , or is knowledge of how they work sufficient, without being able to write the classes from scratch?

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  • Is it bad practice to use the same name for arguments and members?

    - by stijn
    Sometimes I write constructor code like class X { public: X( const int numberOfThingsToDo ) : numberOfThingsToDo( numberOfThingsToDo ) { } private: int numberOfThingsToDo; }; or in C# class X { public X( int numberOfThingsToDo ) { this.numberOfThingsToDo = numberOfThingsToDo; } private int numberOfThingsToDo; } I think the main reason is that when I come up with a suitable member name, I see no reason to use a different one for the argument initializing it, and since I'm also no fan of using underscores the easiest is just to pick the same name. After all it's suitable. Is this considered bad practice however? Any drawbacks (apart from shooting yourself in the foot when forgetting the this in C#)?

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  • C++ and SDL resource management for 2D game

    - by KuruptedMagi
    My first question is about stateManagers. I do not use the singleton pattern (read many random posts with various reasons not to use it), I have gameStateManager which runs the pointer cCurrentGameState-render(), etc. I want to make a transitioning game, this engine should ideally cover both a platformer and a bird's eye RPG (with some recoding, I just mean the base engine), both of which will load different levels and events, such as world map, dungeon, shops, etc. So I then thought, rather then having to store all this data within all the states, I would break the engine into gameStates, and playStates... when gameState reaches gameStatePlay(), gameStatePlay simply runs the usual handleInput, logic, and render for the playStates, just as the low level gameStateManager does. This lets me store all the player data within the base playstate class without storing useless data in the gameStates. Now I have added a seperate mapEditor, which uses editorStates from gameStateEditor. Is this too much usage of the gameState concept? It seems to work pretty well for me, so I was wondering if I am too far off a common implementation of this. My second question is on image resources. I have my sprite class with nothing but static members, mainly loadImage, applySurface, and my screen pointer. I also have a map pairing imageName enums with actual SDL_Surface pointers, and one pairing clipNumber enums with a wrapper class for a vector of clips, so that each reference in the map can have different amounts of clips with different sizes. I thought it would be better to store all these images, and screen within one static body, since 20 different goblins all use the same sprite sheet, and all need to print to the same screen, and of course, this way I do not need to pass my screen reference to every little entity. The imageMap seems to work very well, I can even add the ability to search through the map at creation of entity type to see if a particular image at creation, creating if it doesnt exist, and destroying the image if the last entity that needs it was just destroyed. The vectored clip map however, seems to take too long to initialize, so if i run past the state that initializes them to fast, the game crashes <. Plus, the clip map call is half of this line =P SPRITE::applySurface( cEditorMap.cTiles[x][y].iX, cEditorMap.cTiles[x][y].iY, SPRITE::mImages[ IMAGE_TILEMAP ], SPRITE::screen, SPRITE::mImageClips[IMAGE_TILEMAP]->clips.at( cEditorMap.cTiles[x][y].iTileType ) ); Again, do I have the right idea? I like the imageMap, but am I better off with each entity storing its own clips? My last question is about collision detection. I only grasp the basics, will look at per-pixel and circular soon, but how can I determine which side the collision comes from with just the basic square collision detection, I tried breaking each entity into 4 collision zones, but that just gave me problems with walking through walls and the like <. Also, is per-pixel color collision a good way to decide what collision just occured, or is checking multiple colors for multiple entities too taxing each cycle?

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  • Deploy from NetBeans IDE by Twisting an External Dial

    - by Geertjan
    Via this code in a NetBeans module, i.e., a registered NetBeans ModuleInstall class, you can twist the Tinkerforge Rotary Poti Bricklet to deploy the current application in the IDE: import com.tinkerforge.BrickMaster; import com.tinkerforge.BrickletLCD20x4; import com.tinkerforge.BrickletRotaryPoti; import com.tinkerforge.IPConnection; import javax.swing.Action; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; import org.netbeans.api.project.Project; import org.netbeans.api.project.ProjectUtils; import org.openide.awt.Actions; import org.openide.modules.ModuleInstall; import org.openide.util.Utilities; public class Installer extends ModuleInstall { private static final String HOST = "localhost"; private static final int PORT = 4223; private static final String MASTERBRICKUID = "abc"; private static final String LCDUID = "abc"; private static final String ROTIUID = "abc"; private static IPConnection ipc; private static BrickMaster master = new BrickMaster(MASTERBRICKUID); private static BrickletLCD20x4 lcd = new BrickletLCD20x4(LCDUID); private static BrickletRotaryPoti poti = new BrickletRotaryPoti(ROTIUID); @Override public void restored() { try { ipc = new IPConnection(HOST, PORT); ipc.addDevice(master); ipc.addDevice(lcd); ipc.addDevice(poti); poti.setPositionCallbackPeriod(50); poti.addListener(new BrickletRotaryPoti.PositionListener() { @Override public void position(final short position) { lcd.backlightOn(); lcd.clearDisplay(); final Action runAction = Actions.forID("Project","org.netbeans.modules.project.ui.RunMainProject"); //The action must be invoked from menu item or toolbar button, //see line 147 in org.netbeans.modules.project.ui.actions.LookupSensitiveAction: JMenuItem jmi = new JMenuItem(runAction); //When position is 100 (range is -150 to 150), deploy the app //and print info about the project to the LCD display: if (position == 100) { jmi.doClick(); Project p = Utilities.actionsGlobalContext().lookup(Project.class); lcd.writeLine((short) 0, (short) 0, "Deployed:"); lcd.writeLine((short) 1, (short) 0, ProjectUtils.getInformation(p).getDisplayName()); } else { lcd.writeLine((short) 0, (short) 0, "Position: " + position); } } }); } catch (Exception e) { } } }

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  • Why do I get an exception when playing multiple sound instances?

    - by Boreal
    Right now, I'm adding a rudimentary sound engine to my game. So far, I am able to load in a WAV file and play it once, then free up the memory when I close the game. However, the game crashes with a nice ArgumentOutOfBoundsException when I try to play another sound instance. Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. Parameter name: readLength I'm following this tutorial pretty much exactly, but I still keep getting the aforementioned error. Here's my sound-related code. /// <summary> /// Manages all sound instances. /// </summary> public static class Audio { static XAudio2 device; static MasteringVoice master; static List<SoundInstance> instances; /// <summary> /// The XAudio2 device. /// </summary> internal static XAudio2 Device { get { return device; } } /// <summary> /// Initializes the audio device and master track. /// </summary> internal static void Initialize() { device = new XAudio2(); master = new MasteringVoice(device); instances = new List<SoundInstance>(); } /// <summary> /// Releases all XA2 resources. /// </summary> internal static void Shutdown() { foreach(SoundInstance i in instances) i.Dispose(); master.Dispose(); device.Dispose(); } /// <summary> /// Registers a sound instance with the system. /// </summary> /// <param name="instance">Sound instance</param> internal static void AddInstance(SoundInstance instance) { instances.Add(instance); } /// <summary> /// Disposes any sound instance that has stopped playing. /// </summary> internal static void Update() { List<SoundInstance> temp = new List<SoundInstance>(instances); foreach(SoundInstance i in temp) if(!i.Playing) { i.Dispose(); instances.Remove(i); } } } /// <summary> /// Loads sounds from various files. /// </summary> internal class SoundLoader { /// <summary> /// Loads a .wav sound file. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">The decoded format will be sent here</param> /// <param name="buffer">The data will be sent here</param> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the WAV file</param> internal static void LoadWAV(out WaveFormat format, out AudioBuffer buffer, string soundName) { WaveStream wave = new WaveStream(soundName); format = wave.Format; buffer = new AudioBuffer(); buffer.AudioData = wave; buffer.AudioBytes = (int)wave.Length; buffer.Flags = BufferFlags.EndOfStream; } } /// <summary> /// Manages the data for a single sound. /// </summary> public class Sound : IAsset { WaveFormat format; AudioBuffer buffer; /// <summary> /// Loads a sound from a file. /// </summary> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the sound file</param> /// <returns>Whether the sound loaded successfully</returns> public bool Load(string soundName) { if(soundName.EndsWith(".wav")) SoundLoader.LoadWAV(out format, out buffer, soundName); else return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Plays the sound. /// </summary> public void Play() { Audio.AddInstance(new SoundInstance(format, buffer)); } /// <summary> /// Unloads the sound from memory. /// </summary> public void Unload() { buffer.Dispose(); } } /// <summary> /// Manages a single sound instance. /// </summary> public class SoundInstance { SourceVoice source; bool playing; /// <summary> /// Whether the sound is currently playing. /// </summary> public bool Playing { get { return playing; } } /// <summary> /// Starts a new instance of a sound. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">Format of the sound</param> /// <param name="buffer">Buffer holding sound data</param> internal SoundInstance(WaveFormat format, AudioBuffer buffer) { source = new SourceVoice(Audio.Device, format); source.BufferEnd += (s, e) => playing = false; source.Start(); source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer); // THIS IS WHERE THE EXCEPTION IS THROWN playing = true; } /// <summary> /// Releases memory used by the instance. /// </summary> internal void Dispose() { source.Dispose(); } } The exception occurs on line 156 when I am playing the sound: source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer);

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  • What is upcasting/downcasting?

    - by acidzombie24
    When learning about polymorphism you commonly see something like this class Base { int prv_member; virtual void fn(){} } class Derived : Base { int more_data; virtual void fn(){} } What is upcasting or downcasting? Is (Derived*)base_ptr; an upcast or downcast? I call it upcast because you are going away from the base into something more specific. Other people told me it is a downcast because you are going down a hierarchy into something specific with the top being the root. But other people seem to call it what i call it. When converting a base ptr to a derived ptr is it called upcasting or downcasting? and if someone can link to an official source or explain why its called that than great.

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  • Antenna Aligner Part 5: Devil is in the detail

    - by Chris George
    "The first 90% of a project takes 90% of the time and the last 10% takes the another 200%"  (excerpt from onista) Now that I have a working app (more or less), it's time to make it pretty and slick. I can't stress enough how useful it is to get other people using your software, and my simple app is no exception. I handed my iPhone to a couple of my colleagues at Red Gate and asked them to use it and give me feedback. Immediately it became apparent that the delay between the list page being shown and the list being drawn was too long, and everyone who tried the app clicked on the "Recalculate" button before it had finished. Similarly, selecting a transmitter heralded a delay before the compass page appeared with similar consequences. All users expected there to be some sort of feedback/spinny etc. to show them it is actually doing something. In a similar vein although for opposite reasons, clicking the Recalculate button did indeed recalculate the available transmitters and redraw them, but it did this too fast! One or two users commented that they didn't know if it had done anything. All of these issues resulted in similar solutions; implement a waiting spinny. Thankfully, jquery mobile has one built in, primarily used for ajax operations. Not wishing to bore you with the many many iterations I went through trying to get this to work, I'll just give you my solution! (Seriously, I was working on this most evenings for at least a week!) The final solution for the recalculate problem came in the form of the code below. $(document).on("click", ".show-page-loading-msg", function () {            var $this = $(this),                theme = $this.jqmData("theme") ||                        $.mobile.loadingMessageTheme;            $.mobile.showPageLoadingMsg(theme, "recalculating", false);            setTimeout(function ()                           { $.mobile.hidePageLoadingMsg(); }, 2000);            getLocationData();        })        .on("click", ".hide-page-loading-msg", function () {              $.mobile.hidePageLoadingMsg();        }); The spinny is activated by setting the class of a button (for example) to the 'show-page-loading-msg' class. &lt;a data-role="button" class="show-page-loading-msg"Recalculate This means the code above is fired, calling the showPageLoadingMsg on the document.mobile object. Then, after a 2 second timeout, it calls the hidePageLoadingMsg() function. Supposedly, it should show "recalculating" underneath the spinny, but I've not got that to work. I'm wondering if there is a problem with the jquery mobile implementation. Anyway, it doesn't really matter, it's the principle I'm after, and I now have spinnys!

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  • Identifying which pattern fits better.

    - by Daniel Grillo
    I'm developing a software to program a device. I have some commands like Reset, Read_Version, Read_memory, Write_memory, Erase_memory. Reset and Read_Version are fixed. They don't need parameters. Read_memory and Erase_memory need the same parameters that are Length and Address. Write_memory needs Lenght, Address and Data. For each command, I have the same steps in sequence, that are something like this sendCommand, waitForResponse, treatResponse. I'm having difficulty to identify which pattern should I use. Factory, Template Method, Strategy or other pattern. Edit I'll try to explain better taking in count the given comments and answers. I've already done this software and now I'm trying to refactoring it. I'm trying to use patterns, even if it is not necessary because I'm taking advantage of this little software to learn about some patterns. Despite I think that one (or more) pattern fits here and it could improve my code. When I want to read version of the software of my device, I don't have to assembly the command with parameters. It is fixed. So I have to send it. After wait for response. If there is a response, treat (or parse) it and returns. To read a portion of the memory (maximum of 256 bytes), I have to assembly the command using the parameters Len and Address. So I have to send it. After wait for response. If there is a response, treat (or parse) it and returns. To write a portion in the memory (maximum of 256 bytes), I have to assembly the command using the parameters Len, Address and Data. So I have to send it. After wait for response. If there is a response, treat (or parse) it and returns. I think that I could use Template Method because I have almost the same algorithm for all. But the problem is some commands are fixes, others have 2 or 3 parameters. I think that parameters should be passed on the constructor of the class. But each class will have a constructor overriding the abstract class constructor. Is this a problem for the template method? Should I use other pattern?

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  • Use unnamed object to invoke method or not?

    - by Chen OT
    If I have a class with only only public method. When I use this class, is it good to use unnamed object to invoke its method? normal: TaxFileParser tax_parser(tax_file_name); auto content = tax_parser.get_content(); or unnamed object version: auto content = TaxFileParser(tax_file_name).get_content(); Because I've told that we should avoid temporary as possible. If tax_parser object is used only once, can I call it a temporary and try to eliminate it? Any suggestion will be helpful.

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  • Using "prevent execution of method" flags

    - by tpaksu
    First of all I want to point out my concern with some pseudocode (I think you'll understand better) Assume you have a global debug flag, or class variable named "debug", class a : var debug = FALSE and you use it to enable debug methods. There are two types of usage it as I know: first in a method : method a : if debug then call method b; method b : second in the method itself: method a : call method b; method b : if not debug exit And I want to know, is there any File IO or stack pointer wise difference between these two approaches. Which usage is better, safer and why?

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  • MVC shared model different required fields on different type

    - by kurasa
    I have a model called Car and depending on what type of Car the user select the view is presented differently. For example the user selects from a grid of different cars and depending if it is a Volvo or a Kia or a Ford the view must allow different fields to be editable. For example with a Volvo the color is editable and is mandatory but with a Kia it is not. I would like to use the one Car class to bind the view but want the client side validation to pick up the required fields based on what type of car. I want to go only to one Action method for the Update what is a good way to approach this problem...? create a base class and inherit from it? will this give me binding problems..?

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  • Naming convention: Final fields (not static)

    - by Zeeker
    Today I had a discussion with a co-worker about the naming of final fields in Java classes. In his opionion final fields should also be considered constants since their values won't change after the creation of the instance. This would lead to the following naming convention for final fields: public class Foo { private static final String BLA_BLA = "bla"; private final String BAR_BATZ; ... } In my opinion only static final fields should be considered constants while fields which are only final should follow the usual camelCase naming convention. public class Foo { private static final String BLA = "bla"; private final String barBatz; ... } Now I'm a bit uncertain since he is a far more experienced programmer than I am and I usually agree with his opinions and consider him a very good developer. Any input on this?

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  • Is Ruby on Rails' Active Record an example of Aspect-Oriented Programming?

    - by B Seven
    From Clean Code, about Cross-Cutting Concerns: Note that concerns like persistence tend to cut across the natural object boundaries of a domain. You want to persist all your objects using generally the same strategy, for example, using a particular DBMS... Is Active Record an example of aspect-oriented programming? In AOP, modular constructs called aspects specify which points in the system should have their behavior modified in some consistent way to support a particular concern. This specification is done using a succinct declarative or programmatic mechanism. If Active Record is an example of AOP, what is the "aspect"? Is it the class declaration that inherits from Active Record? class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base

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  • Octrees as data structure

    - by Christian Frantz
    In my cube world, I want to use octrees to represent my chunks of 20x20x20 cubes for frustum and occlusion culling. I understand how octrees work, I just dont know if I'm going about this the right way. My base octree class is taken from here: http://www.xnawiki.com/index.php/Octree What I'm wondering is how to apply occlusion culling using this class. Does it make sense to have one octree for each cube chunk? Or should I make the octree bigger? Since I'm using cubes, each cube should fit into a node without overlap so that won't be an issue

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