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• File.Replace throwing IOException

  - by WebDevHobo

  I have an app that can make modify images. In some cases, this makes the filesize smaller, in some cases bigger. The program doesn't have an option to "not replace the file if result has a bigger filesize". So I wrote a little C# app to try and solve this. Instead of overwriting the files, I make the app write the result to a folder under the current one and name that folder Test. The C# app I wrote compares grabs the contents of both folders and puts the full path to the file(s) in two List objects. I then compare and replace. The replacing isn't working however. I get the following IOException: Unable to remove the file to be replaced The location is on an external hard-drive, on which I have full rights. Now, I know I can just do File.Delete and File.Move in that order, but this exception has gotten me interested in why this particular setup wont work. Here's the source code: http://pastebin.com/4Vq82Umu And yes, the file specified as last argument of the Replace function does exist.

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• Dealing With Java Default Level Access Specifiers

  - by Tom Tresansky

  I've seen some code in a project recently where some fields in a couple classes have been using the default access modifier without good reason to. It almost looks like a case of "oops, forgot to make these private". Since the classes are used almost exclusively outside of the package they are defined in, the fields are not visible from the calling code, and are treated as private. So the mistake/oversight would not be very noticeable. However, encapsulation is broken. If I wanted to add a new class to the existing package, I could then mess with internal data in objects using fields with default access. So, my questions: Are there any best practices concerning default access specifiers that I should be aware of? Anything that would help prevent this type of accident from re-occurring? Are are any annotations which might say something to the effect of "I really meant for these to be default access"? Using CheckStyle, or any other Eclipse plugins, is there any way to flag instances of default fields, or disallow any not accompanied by, say, a "//default access" comment trailing them?

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• Using Memcached in Python/Django - questions.

  - by Thomas

  I am starting use Memcached to make my website faster. For constant data in my database I use this: from django.core.cache import cache cache_key = 'regions' regions = cache.get(cache_key) if result is None: """Not Found in Cache""" regions = Regions.objects.all() cache.set(cache_key, regions, 2592000) #(2592000sekund = 30 dni) return regions For seldom changed data I use signals: from django.core.cache import cache from django.db.models import signals def nuke_social_network_cache(self, instance, **kwargs): cache_key = 'networks_for_%s' % (self.instance.user_id,) cache.delete(cache_key) signals.post_save.connect(nuke_social_network_cache, sender=SocialNetworkProfile) signals.post_delete.connect(nuke_social_network_cache, sender=SocialNetworkProfile) Is it correct way? I installed django-memcached-0.1.2, which show me: Memcached Server Stats Server Keys Hits Gets Hit_Rate Traffic_In Traffic_Out Usage Uptime 127.0.0.1 15 220 276 79% 83.1 KB 364.1 KB 18.4 KB 22:21:25 Can sombody explain what columns means? And last question. I have templates where I am getting much records from a few table (relationships). So in my view I get records from one table and in templates show it and related info from others. Generating page last a few seconds for very small table (<100records). Is it some easy way to cache queries from templates? Have I to do some big structure in my view (with all related tables), cache it and send to template?

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• How to print each object in a collection in a separate page in Silverlight

  - by Ash

  I would like to know if its possible to print each object in a collection in separate pages using Silverlight printing API. Suppose I have a class Label public class Label { public string Address { get; set; } public string Country { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Town { get; set; } } I can use print API and print like this. private PrintDocument pd; private void PrintButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { pd.Print("Test Print"); } private void pd_PrintPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e) { Label labelToPrint = new Label() { Name = "Fake Name", Address = "Fake Address", Country = "Fake Country", Town = "Town" }; var printpage = new LabelPrint(); printpage.DataContext = new LabelPrintViewModel(labelToPrint); e.PageVisual = printpage; } LabelPrint Xaml <StackPanel x:Name="LayoutRoot" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" /> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Address}" /> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Town}" /> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Country}" /> </StackPanel> Now, say I've a collection of Label objects, List<Label> labels = new List<Label>() { labelToPrint, labelToPrint, labelToPrint, labelToPrint }; How can I print each object in the list in separate pages ? Thanks for any suggestions ..

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• On the search for my next great .Net Read

  - by user127954

  Just got done with "The art of unit testing". It was a great read and i think everyone should go buy a copy. With that said i think the next book I'm like to read would be a architecture / Design type book that would focus heavily on building your objects / software in such a way that it would be: Low Coupling High Cohesion Easily Maintainable / Extended Easy to test Easy to Navigate / Debug The above characteristcs are the most important ones but also maybe it would also include (but not necessary) designing for: Performance - Don't want to design a system at at the end find out its dog slow :) Scalability - Again don't want to design something at the end find out it won't scale. I'd also prefer (but not necessary again): Something newer - Architectural principles seem to gradually evolve / improve over time and id like something with current thinking. .Net as illustrating language - like i said above its not mandatory but since its what i use every day id prefer it to be in .net. Doesn't really matter if its in vb.net or c# Some of the topics that would be talked about its how to minimize dependencies and using interfaces throughout your solution rather than concrete classes. Maybe it would constract /compare some of the newest design principles like DDD, Repository Pattern, Ect... I already have "Clean Code" (don't know if its this type of book or not) and "Working effectively with legacy code" on my radar but id like to read a book based upon the topic i talked about above first. Is there such a book?

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• Passing list of values to django view via jQuery ajax call

  - by finspin

  I'm trying to pass a list of numeric values (ids) from one web page to another with jQuery ajax call. I can't figure out how to pass and read all the values in the list. I can successfully post and read 1 value but not multiple values. Here is what I have so far: jQuery: var postUrl = "http://localhost:8000/ingredients/"; $('li').click(function(){ values = [1, 2]; $.ajax({ url: postUrl, type: 'POST', data: {'terid': values}, traditional: true, dataType: 'html', success: function(result){ $('#ingredients').append(result); } }); }); /ingredients/ view: def ingredients(request): if request.is_ajax(): ourid = request.POST.get('terid', False) ingredients = Ingredience.objects.filter(food__id__in=ourid) t = get_template('ingredients.html') html = t.render(Context({'ingredients': ingredients,})) return HttpResponse(html) else: html = '<p>This is not ajax</p>' return HttpResponse(html) With Firebug I can see that POST contains both ids but probably in the wrong format (terid=1&terid=2). So my ingredients view picks up only terid=2. What am I doing wrong? EDIT: To clarify, I need the ourid variable pass values [1, 2] to the filter in the ingredients view.

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• How to map a 0..1 to 1 relationship in Entity Framework 3

  - by sako73

  I have two tables, Users, and Address. A the user table has a field that maps to the primary key of the address table. This field can be null. In plain english, Address exist independent of other objects. A user may be associated with one address. In the database, I have this set up as a foreign key relationship. I am attempting to map this relationship in the Entity Framework. I am getting errors on the following code: <Association Name="fk_UserAddress"> <End Role="User" Type="GenesisEntityModel.Store.User" Multiplicity="1"/> <End Role="Address" Type="GenesisEntityModel.Store.Address" Multiplicity="0..1" /> <ReferentialConstraint> <Principal Role="Address"> <PropertyRef Name="addressId"/> </Principal> <Dependent Role="User"> <PropertyRef Name="addressId"/> </Dependent> </ReferentialConstraint> </Association> It is giving a "The Lower Bound of the multiplicity must be 0" error. I would appreciate it if anyone could explain the error, and the best way to solve it. Thanks for any help.

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• C++: Reference and Pointer question (example regarding OpenGL)

  - by Jay

  I would like to load textures, and then have them be used by multiple objects. Would this work? class Sprite { GLuint* mTextures; // do I need this to also be a reference? Sprite( GLuint* textures ) // do I need this to also be a reference? { mTextures = textures; } void Draw( textureNumber ) { glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextures[ textureNumber ] ); // drawing code } }; // normally these variables would be inputed, but I did this for simplicity. const int NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES = 40; const int WHICH_TEXTURE = 10; void main() { std::vector<GLuint> the_textures; the_textures.resize( NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES ); glGenTextures( NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES, &the_textures[0] ); // texture loading code Sprite the_sprite( &the_textures[0] ); the_sprite.Draw( WHICH_TEXTURE ); } And is there a different way I should do this, even if it would work? Thanks.

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• Should we retire the term "Context"?

  - by MrGumbe

  I'm not sure if there is a more abused term in the world of programming than "Context." A word that has a very clear meaning in the English language has somehow morphed into a hot mess in software development, where the definition where the connotation can be completely different based on what library you happen to be developing in. Tomcat uses the word context to mean the configuration of a web application. Java applets, on the other hand, use an AppletContext to define attributes of the browser and HTML tag that launched it, but the BeanContext is defined as a container. ASP.NET uses the HttpContext object as a grab bag of state - containing information about the current request / response, session, user, server, and application objects. Context Oriented Programming defines the term as "Any information which is computationally accessible may form part of the context upon which behavioral variations depend," which I translate as "anything in the world." The innards of the Windows OS uses the CONTEXT structure to define properties about the hardware environment. The .NET installation classes, however, use the InstallContext property to represent the command line arguments entered to the installation class. The above doesn't even touch how all of us non-framework developers have used the term. I've seen plenty of developers fall into the subconscious trap of "I can't think of anything else to call this class, so I'll name it 'WidgetContext.'" Do you all agree that before naming our class a "Context," we may want to first consider some more descriptive terms? "Environment", "Configuraton", and "ExecutionState" come readily to mind.

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• How does one force construction of a global object in a statically linked library? [MSVC9]

  - by Peter C O Johansson

  I have a global list of function pointers. This list should be populated at startup. Order is not important and there are no dependencies that would complicate static initialization. To facilitate this, I've written a class that adds a single entry to this list in its constructor, and scatter global instances of this class via a macro where necessary. One of the primary goals of this approach is to remove the need for explicitly referencing every instance of this class externally, instead allowing each file that needs to register something in the list to do it independently. Nice and clean. However, when placing these objects in a static library, the linker discards (or rather never links in) these units because no code in them is explicitly referenced. Explicitly referencing symbols in the compilation units would be counterproductive, directly contradicting one of the main goals of the approach. For the same reason, /INCLUDE is not an acceptable option, and /OPT:NOREF is not actually related to this problem. Metrowerks has a __declspec directive for it, GCC has -force_load, but I cannot find any equivalent for MSVC.

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• Django ManyToMany Membership errors making associations

  - by jmitchel3

  I'm trying to have a "member admin" in which they have hundreds of members in the group. These members can be in several groups. Admins can remove access for the member ideally in the view. I'm having trouble just creating the group. I used a ManytoManyField to get started. Ideally, the "member admin" would be able to either select existing Users OR it would be able to Add/Invite new ones via email address. Here's what I have: #views.py def membership(request): group = Group.objects.all().filter(user=request.user) GroupFormSet = modelformset_factory(Group, form=MembershipForm) if request.method == 'POST': formset = GroupFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, queryset=group) if formset.is_valid(): formset.save(commit=False) for form in formset: form.instance.user = request.user formset.save() return render_to_response('formset.html', locals(), context_instance=RequestContext(request)) else: formset= GroupFormSet(queryset=group) return render_to_response('formset.html', locals(), context_instance=RequestContext(request)) #models.py class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) members = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='community_members', through='Membership') user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='community_creator', null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Membership(models.Model): member = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='user_membership', blank=True, null=True) group = models.ForeignKey(Group, related_name='community_membership', blank=True, null=True) date_joined = models.DateField(auto_now=True, blank=True, null=True) class Meta: unique_together = ('member', 'group') Any ideas? Thank you for your help.

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• Are there good reasons not to use an ORM?

  - by hangy

  During my apprenticeship, I have used NHibernate for some smaller projects which I mostly coded and designed on my own. Now, before starting some bigger project, the discussion arose how to design data access and whether or not to use an ORM layer. As I am still in my apprenticeship and still consider myself a beginner in enterprise programming, I did not really try to push in my opinion, which is that using an object relational mapper to the database can ease development quite a lot. The other coders in the development team are much more experienced than me, so I think I will just do what they say. :-) However, I do not completely understand two of the main reasons for not using NHibernate or a similar project: One can just build one’s own data access objects with SQL queries and copy those queries out of Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio. Debugging an ORM can be hard. So, of course I could just build my data access layer with a lot of SELECTs etc, but here I miss the advantage of automatic joins, lazy-loading proxy classes and a lower maintenance effort if a table gets a new column or a column gets renamed. (Updating numerous SELECT, INSERT and UPDATE queries vs. updating the mapping config and possibly refactoring the business classes and DTOs.) Also, using NHibernate you can run into unforeseen problems if you do not know the framework very well. That could be, for example, trusting the Table.hbm.xml where you set a string’s length to be automatically validated. However, I can also imagine similar bugs in a “simple” SqlConnection query based data access layer. Finally, are those arguments mentioned above really a good reason not to utilise an ORM for a non-trivial database based enterprise application? Are there probably other arguments they/I might have missed? (I should probably add that I think this is like the first “big” .NET/C# based application which will require teamwork. Good practices, which are seen as pretty normal on Stack Overflow, such as unit testing or continuous integration, are non-existing here up to now.)

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• GUID or int entity key with SQL Compact/EF4?

  - by David Veeneman

  This is a follow-up to an earlier question I posted on EF4 entity keys with SQL Compact. SQL Compact doesn't allow server-generated identity keys, so I am left with creating my own keys as objects are added to the ObjectContext. My first choice would be an integer key, and the previous answer linked to a blog post that shows an extension method that uses the Max operator with a selector expression to find the next available key: public static TResult NextId<TSource, TResult>(this ObjectSet<TSource> table, Expression<Func<TSource, TResult>> selector) where TSource : class { TResult lastId = table.Any() ? table.Max(selector) : default(TResult); if (lastId is int) { lastId = (TResult)(object)(((int)(object)lastId) + 1); } return lastId; } Here's my take on the extension method: It will work fine if the ObjectContext that I am working with has an unfiltered entity set. In that case, the ObjectContext will contain all rows from the data table, and I will get an accurate result. But if the entity set is the result of a query filter, the method will return the last entity key in the filtered entity set, which will not necessarily be the last key in the data table. So I think the extension method won't really work. At this point, the obvious solution seems to be to simply use a GUID as the entity key. That way, I only need to call Guid.NewGuid() method to set the ID property before I add a new entity to my ObjectContext. Here is my question: Is there a simple way of getting the last primary key in the data store from EF4 (without having to create a second ObjectContext for that purpose)? Any other reason not to take the easy way out and simply use a GUID? Thanks for your help.

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• GWT + Seam, cannot fetch scoped beans from gwt servlet in seam resource servlet.

  - by David Göransson

  Hello all I am trying to get session and conversation scoped beans to a gwt servlet in the seam resource servlet. I have a conversation scoped bean: @Name ("viewFormCopyAction") @Scope (ScopeType.CONVERSATION) public class ViewFormCopyAction {} and a session scoped bean: @Name ("authenticator") @Scope (ScopeType.SESSION) public class AuthenticatorAction {} There is a RemoteService interface: @RemoteServiceRelativePath ("strokesService") public interface StrokesService extends RemoteService { public Position getPosition (int conversationId); } with corresponding async interface: public interface StrokesServiceAsync extends RemoteService { public void getPosition (int conversationId, AsyncCallback callback); } and implementation: @Name ("com.web.actions.forms.gwt.client.StrokesService") @Scope (ScopeType.EVENT) public class StrokesServiceImpl implements StrokesService { @In Manager manager; @Override @WebRemote public Position getPosition (int conversationId) { manager.switchConversation( "" + conversationId ); ViewFormCopyAction vfca = (ViewFormCopyAction) Component.getInstance( "viewFormCopyAction" ); AuthenticatorAction aa = (AuthenticatorAction) Component.getInstance( "authenticator" ); return null; } } The gwt page is within an IFrame in a regular seam page and the conversationId is propagted with the src attribute of the IFrame. Both bean objects end up with only null values. Can anyone see anything wrong with the code? I know that I could use strings instead of the int, but never mind that at this point.

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• WCF - "Encountered unexpected character 'c'."

  - by Villager

  Hello, I am trying to do something that I thought would be simple. I need to create a WCF service that I can post to via JQuery. I have an operation in my WCF service that is defined as follows: [OperationContract] [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.WrappedRequest, RequestFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json, ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json)] public string SendMessage(string message, int urgency) { try { // Do stuff return "1"; // 1 represents success } catch (Exception) { return "0"; } } I then try to access this operation from an ASP.NET page via JQuery. My JQuery code to access this operation looks like the following: function sendMessage(message) { $.ajax({ url: "/resources/services/myService.svc/SendMessage", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", data: ({ message: message, urgency: '1' }), dataType: "json", success: function (data) { alert("here!"); }, error: function (req, msg, obj) { alert("error: " + req.responseText); } }); } When I execute this script, the error handler is tripped. In it, I receive an error that says: "Encountered unexpected character 'c'." This message is included with a long stack trace. My question is, what am I doing wrong? I have received other posts such as this one (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/320291/how-to-post-an-array-of-complex-objects-with-json-jquery-to-asp-net-mvc-controll) without any luck. How do I get this basic interaction working? Thank you!

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• Does "delegate" mean a type or an object?

  - by Michal Czardybon

  Reading from MSDN: "A delegate is a type that references a method. Once a delegate is assigned a method, it behaves exactly like that method." Does then "delegate" mean a type or an object?! ...It cannot be both. It seems to me that the single word is used in two different meanings: a type containing a reference to a method of some specified signature, an object of that type, which can be actually called like a method. I would prefer a more precise vocabulary and use "delegate type" for the first case. I have been recently reading a lot about events and delegates and that ambiguity was making me confused many times. Some other uses of "delegate" word in MSDN in the first meaning: "Custom event delegates are needed only when an event generates event data" "A delegate declaration defines a class that is derived from the class System.Delegate" Some other uses of "delegate" word in MSDN in the second meaning: "specify a delegate that will be called upon the occurrence of some event" "Delegates are objects that refer to methods. They are sometimes described as type-safe function pointers" What do you think? Why did people from Microsoft introduced this ambiguity? Am I the only person to have conceptual problems with different notions being referenced with the same word.

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• Fontforge finds no fonts

  - by user1858080

  I'm trying to make my c++ program detect installed fonts on my Win32 machine. I tried fontforge by taking the library from the GTK+ bundle. I use the following test code: #include<fontconfig.h> FcBool success = FcInit (); if ( !success ) { return false; } FcConfig *config = FcInitLoadConfigAndFonts (); if(!config) { return false; } FcChar8 *s, *file; FcPattern *p = FcPatternCreate(); FcObjectSet *os = FcObjectSetBuild (FC_FAMILY,NULL); FcFontSet *fs = FcFontList(config, p, os); LOG("Total fonts: %d\n", fs->nfont); for (int i=0; fs && i < fs->nfont; i++) { FcPattern *font = fs->fonts[i]; s = FcNameUnparse(font); LOG("Font: %s\n", s); free(s); if (FcPatternGetString(font, FC_FILE, 0, &file) == FcResultMatch) { LOG("Filename: %s\n", file); } } // destroy objects here ... Unfortunately this test application only prints: "Total fonts: 0" I know there are fonts installed on my machine and I know that Gimp2.0 detects them, so there must be somthing wrong with my test code. Does anyone have any idea? Besides linking the fontconfig-1.dll I did nothing special. I haven't created any config files or anything, because I couldn't read anywhere about having to do that. Please place any suggestions, thanks!

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• Async task ASP.net HttpContext.Current.Items is empty - How do handle this?

  - by GuruC

  We are running a very large web application in asp.net MVC .NET 4.0. Recently we had an audit done and the performance team says that there were a lot of null reference exceptions. So I started investigating it from the dumps and event viewer. My understanding was as follows: We are using Asyn Tasks in our controllers. We rely on HttpContext.Current.Items hashtable to store a lot of Application level values. Task<Articles>.Factory.StartNew(() => { System.Web.HttpContext.Current = ControllerContext.HttpContext.ApplicationInstance.Context; var service = new ArticlesService(page); return service.GetArticles(); }).ContinueWith(t => SetResult(t, "articles")); So we are copying the context object onto the new thread that is spawned from Task factory. This context.Items is used again in the thread wherever necessary. Say for ex: public class SomeClass { internal static int StreamID { get { if (HttpContext.Current != null) { return (int)HttpContext.Current.Items["StreamID"]; } else { return DEFAULT_STREAM_ID; } } } This runs fine as long as number of parallel requests are optimal. My questions are as follows: 1. When the load is more and there are too many parallel requests, I notice that HttpContext.Current.Items is empty. I am not able to figure out a reason for this and this causes all the null reference exceptions. 2. How do we make sure it is not null ? Any workaround if present ? NOTE: I read through in StackOverflow and people have questions like HttpContext.Current is null - but in my case it is not null and its empty. I was reading one more article where the author says that sometimes request object is terminated and it may cause problems since dispose is already called on objects. I am doing a copy of Context object - its just a shallow copy and not a deep copy.

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• Does it exist: smart pointer, owned by one object allowing access.

  - by Noah Roberts

  I'm wondering if anyone's run across anything that exists which would fill this need. Object A contains an object B. It wants to provide access to that B to clients through a pointer (maybe there's the option it could be 0, or maybe the clients need to be copiable and yet hold references...whatever). Clients, lets call them object C, would normally, if we're perfect developers, be written carefully so as to not violate the lifetime semantics of any pointer to B they might have...but we're not perfect, in fact we're pretty dumb half the time. So what we want is for object C to have a pointer to object B that is not "shared" ownership but that is smart enough to recognize a situation in which the pointer is no longer valid, such as when object A is destroyed or it destroys object B. Accessing this pointer when it's no longer valid would cause an assertion/exception/whatever. In other words, I wish to share access to data in a safe, clear way but retain the original ownership semantics. Currently, because I've not been able to find any shared pointer in which one of the objects owns it, I've been using shared_ptr in place of having such a thing. But I want clear owneship and shared/weak pointer doesn't really provide that. Would be nice further if this smart pointer could be attached to member variables and not just hold pointers to dynamically allocated memory regions. If it doesn't exist I'm going to make it, so I first want to know if someone's already released something out there that does it. And, BTW, I do realize that things like references and pointers do provide this sort of thing...I'm looking for something smarter.

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• Invoking a method overloaded where all arguments implement the same interface

  - by double07

  Hello, My starting point is the following: - I have a method, transform, which I overloaded to behave differently depending on the type of arguments that are passed in (see transform(A a1, A a2) and transform(A a1, B b) in my example below) - All these arguments implement the same interface, X I would like to apply that transform method on various objects all implementing the X interface. What I came up with was to implement transform(X x1, X x2), which checks for the instance of each object before applying the relevant variant of my transform. Though it works, the code seems ugly and I am also concerned of the performance overhead for evaluating these various instanceof and casting. Is that transform the best I can do in Java or is there a more elegant and/or efficient way of achieving the same behavior? Below is a trivial, working example printing out BA. I am looking for examples on how to improve that code. In my real code, I have naturally more implementations of 'transform' and none are trivial like below. public class A implements X { } public class B implements X { } interface X { } public A transform(A a1, A a2) { System.out.print("A"); return a2; } public A transform(A a1, B b) { System.out.print("B"); return a1; } // Isn't there something better than the code below??? public X transform(X x1, X x2) { if ((x1 instanceof A) && (x2 instanceof A)) { return transform((A) x1, (A) x2); } else if ((x1 instanceof A) && (x2 instanceof B)) { return transform((A) x1, (B) x2); } else { throw new RuntimeException("Transform not implemented for " + x1.getClass() + "," + x2.getClass()); } } @Test public void trivial() { X x1 = new A(); X x2 = new B(); X result = transform(x1, x2); transform(x1, result); }

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• What's the best approach for modifying PDF interactive form fields on iOS?

  - by gbreen

  I've been doing some head banging on this one and solicit your advice. I am building an app that as part of it's features is to present PDF forms; meaning display them, allow fields to be changed and save the modified PDF file back out. UIWebViews do not support PDF interactive forms. Using the CGPDF apis (and benefit from other questions posted here and elsewhere), I can certainly present the PDF (without the form fields/widgets), scan and find the fields in the document, figure out where on the screen to draw something and make them interactive. What I can't seem to figure out is how to change the CGPDFDictionary objects and write them back out to a file. One could use the CGPDF Apis to create a new PDF document from whole cloth, but how do you use it to modify an existing file? Should I be looking elsewhere such as 3rd party PDF libs like PoDoFo or libHaru? I'd love to hear from anyone who has successfully modified a PDF and written it back out as to your approach. Thanks!

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• What are the benefits and risks of moving to a Model Driven Architecture approach?

  - by Tone

  I work for a company with about 350 employees and we are in the process of growing. Our current codebase is not structured very well and we are looking both at how to improve it immediately (by organizing objects into namespaces, separating concerns, etc.) and moving to a model driven architecture approach, where we model and design everything first with uml, then generate code from that model. We have been looking heavily at Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect (EA) (which is UML 2.0 capable) and we are also considering the tools in VS 2010. I know there are other tools out there (Rational XDE being one) but I really do not think we can spend $1500+ per license at this point. I'm not looking for answers on which tool is better than another but more for experiences moving from a cowboy coding environment (that is, little planning and design, just jump in and start coding) to a model driven architecture. Looking back was it helpful to your organization? What are the pain points? What are the risks? What are the benefits?

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• Basic problems (type inference or something else?) in Objective-C/Cocoa.

  - by Matt

  Hi, Apologies for how basic these questions are to some. Just started learning Cocoa, working through Hillegass' book, and am trying to write my first program (a GUI Cocoa app that counts the number of characters in a string). I tried this: NSString *string = [textField stringValue]; NSUInteger *stringLength = [string length]; NSString *countString = (@"There are %u characters",stringLength); [label setStringValue:countString]; But I'm getting errors like: Incompatible pointer conversion initializing 'NSUInteger' (aka 'unsigned long'), expected 'NSUInteger *'[-pedantic] for the first line, and this for the second line: Incompatible pointer types initializing 'NSUInteger *', expected 'NSString *' [-pedantic] I did try this first, but it didn't work either: [label setStringValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"There are %u characters",[[textField stringValue] length]]] On a similar note, I've only written in easy scripting languages before now, and I'm not sure when I should be allocing/initing objects and when I shouldn't. For example, when is it okay to do this: NSString *myString = @"foo"; or int *length = 5; instead of this: NSString *myString = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:"foo"]; And which ones should I be putting into the header files? I did check Apple's documentation, and CocoaDev, and the book I'm working for but without luck. Maybe I'm looking in the wrong places.. Thanks to anyone who takes the time to reply this: it's appreciated, and thanks for being patient with a beginner. We all start somewhere. EDIT Okay, I tried the following again: [label setStringValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"There are %u characters",[[textField stringValue] length]]] And it actually worked this time. Not sure why it didn't the first time, though I think I might have typed %d instead of %u by mistake. However I still don't understand why the code I posted at the top of my original post doesn't work, and I have no idea what the errors mean, and I'd very much like to know because it seems like I'm missing something important there.

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• C#: Non-constructed generics as properties (eg. List<T>)

  - by Dav

  The Problem It's something I came across a while back and was able to work around it somehow. But now it came back, feeding on my curiosity - and I'd love to have a definite answer. Basically, I have a generic dgv BaseGridView<T> : DataGridView where T : class. Constructed types based on the BaseGridView (such as InvoiceGridView : BaseGridView<Invoice>) are later used in the application to display different business objects using the shared functionality provided by BaseGridView (like virtual mode, buttons, etc.). It now became necessary to create a user control that references those constructed types to control some of the shared functionality (eg. filtering) from BaseGridView. I was therefore hoping to create a public property on the user control that would enable me to attach it to any BaseGridView in Designer/code: public BaseGridView<T> MyGridView { get; set; }. The trouble is, it doesn't work :-) When compiled, I get the following message: The type or namespace name 'T' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Solutions? I realise I could extract the shared functionality to an interface, mark BaseGridView as implementing that interface, and then refer to the created interface in my uesr control. But I'm curious if there exists some arcane C# command/syntax that would help me achieve what I want - without polluting my solution with an interface I don't really need :-)

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• Open closed prinicple, problem

  - by Marcus

  Hi, I'm trying to apply OCP to a code snippet I have that in it's current state is really smelly, but I feel I'm not getting all the way to the end. Current code: public abstract class SomeObject {} public class SpecificObject1 : SomeObject {} public class SpecificObject2 : SomeObject {} // Smelly code public class Model { public void Store(SomeObject someObject) { if (someObject is SpecificObject1) {} else if (someObject is SpecificObject2) {} } } That is really ugly, my new approach looks like this: // No so smelly code public class Model { public void Store(SomeObject someObject) { throw new Expception("Not allowed!"); } public void Store(SpecificObject1 someObject) {} public void Store(SpecificObject2 someObject) {} } When a new SomeObject type comes along I must implement how that specific object is stored, this will break OCP cause I need to alter the Model-class. To move the store logic to SomeObject also feels wrong cause then I will violate SRP (?), becuase in this case the SomeObject is almost like a DTO, it's resposibility it not how to know to store itself. If a new implementation to SomeObject comes along who's store implementation is missing I will get a runtime error due to exception in Store method in Model class, it also feels like a code smell. This is because calling code will in the form of IEnumerable<SomeObject> sequence; I will not know the specific types of the sequence objects. I can't seem to grasp the OCP-concept. Anyone has any concrete examples or links that is a bit more than just some Car/Fruit example?

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