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• DNS Round-robin failover and load balancing

  - by Tom O'Connor

  Having read all of the questions and answers (1 2 3 and so on) on here relating to DNS load balancing, and Round-robin DNS, there's still a number of unanswered questions.. Large companies, and I'm looking at Google, Facebook and Twitter here, do present multiple A records. 1) If DNS loadbalancing/failover is so dodgy, why do large organisations do it? There seems to be very little mention of "DNS Pinning", despite this (PDF) paper about it. 2) Why is DNS Pinning so seldom mentioned? 3) Are there any concrete examples of which ISPs and so on actually do rewrite DNS TTLs? That said, I'm not entirely backing the side for using DNS for failover or any form of load balancing. For most networks, BGP diverse routing still seems to be a better fit. DNS rears it's ugly head again. :(

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• OpenVPN vs. IPSec - Pros and Cons, what to use?

  - by jens

  interestingly I have not found any good searchresults when searching for "OpenVPN vs IPSec": I need to setup a private LAN over an untrusted network. And as far as I know, both approaces seem to be valid. But I do not know which one is better. I would be very thankfull If you can list the pro's and con's of both approaches and maybe your suggestions and experiences what to use. Update (Regarding the comment/question): In my concrete case the goal is to have any number of Servers (with static IPs) be connected transparently with each other. But a small portion of "dynamic clients like road warriors" (with dynamic IPs) should also be able to connect. The main goal is however having a "transparent secure network" run top of untrusted network. I am quite a newbie so I do not know how to correctly interprete "1:1 Point to Point Connections" = The solution should support Broadcasts and all that stuff so it is a fully functional network... Thank you very much!! Jens

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• How should clients handle HTTP 401 with unknown authentication schemes?

  - by user113215

  What is the proper behavior for an HTTP client receiving a 401 Unauthorized response that specifies only unrecognized authentication schemes? My server supports Kerberos authentication using WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate. On the first request, the server sends a 401 Unauthorized response with a body containing an HTML document. The behavior that I expect is for clients that support Kerberos to perform that authentication and for other clients to simply display the HTML document (a login form). It seems that most of the "other clients" I've encountered do work this way, but a few do not. I haven't found anything that mandates any particular behavior in this situation. There's a brief mention in RFC 2617: HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication, but is there anything more concrete? It is possible that a server may want to require Digest as its authentication method, even if the server does not know that the client supports it. A client is encouraged to fail gracefully if the server specifies only authentication schemes it cannot handle.

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• DNS Server Spoofed Request Amplification DDoS - Prevention

  - by Shackrock

  I've been conducting security scans, and a new one popped up for me: DNS Server Spoofed Request Amplification DDoS The remote DNS server answers to any request. It is possible to query the name servers (NS) of the root zone ('.') and get an answer which is bigger than the original request. By spoofing the source IP address, a remote attacker can leverage this 'amplification' to launch a denial of service attack against a third-party host using the remote DNS server. General Solution: Restrict access to your DNS server from public network or reconfigure it to reject such queries. I'm hosting my own DNS for my website. I'm not sure what the solution is here... I'm really looking for some concrete detailed steps to patch this, but haven't found any yet. Any ideas? CentOS5 with WHM and CPanel. Also see: http://securitytnt.com/dns-amplification-attack/

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• specify temp folder for msi extracted files used for installation

  - by Binoj Antony

  I was recently installing Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 to create my build server on a VM (Windows 2003 R2 Std), I was wondering that it would be nice to specify the temporary folder for the files being extracted by MSI for use during the installation. This should ideally work for any MSIs. I have some more virtual hard disks I have attached to this VMs, to point the temporary folder for MSI to one of these virtual hard disks would be quite productive since I can remove/discard this virtual hard disk later. Compacting the C drive VHD is a pain, and does not always reclaim space correctly. I tried changing the %temp% and tmp environment variable with no effect? Or is there any concrete/alternative solution to this type of problem? References: TempFolder Property ?? Windows Installer Wiki

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• Private cloud solution [Eucalyptus,OpenStack, Nimbus] for Java deployments [Glassfish, Tomcat]

  - by Tadas D.

  I am interested in a way to have private cloud which would host Glassfish (or Tomcat) server. Which option from Eucalyptus, Openstack or Nimbus would be best to deploy java applications on it? Or maybe there is something other and I am looking wrong at the problem? The way I imagine this, that I should have some shared storage that I could expand by introducing new nodes to this cluster and have easy management for glassfish instances: something like virtual machines images that I can start and stop on demand and that image is shared among nodes. I don't need concrete step-by-step solution here but guidelines how this should be done are very welcome.

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• Engineers are using explosives to remove hard rock outside our office building. What countermeasures should we take?

  - by Karrax

  Our building is located approx. 100 meters from the explosive charges. They happen several times per day, and really shake the entire building a lot. This is going to go on for many days and the blasts are supposed to get stronger. Our server rooms are nothing fancy; one of them has all the racks on hard concrete while the other one has a raised floor (the one which allows the cables to go beneath it). Does anyone have any tips, countermeasures or best practices for us? Currently we are thinking of the following countermeasures: Daily report of the server rooms status lights (HD lights, power supplies and so on). Nightly check disk scan on the most important servers Order in extra supply of spare harddrives Edit: Many good answers here! However one needs to be accepted. The highest voted answer at the time of this edit will get their answer accepted.

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• IIS 6.0 FTP Folder Permissions

  - by Beuy

  I have a IIS Ftp website setup like so \ftp\users\domain\public\public Software that runs on clients computers logs into the FTP by specifying domain\public and moving to public, it then uploads or downloads files / folders into that area. I wan't to restrict the permissions on \ftp\users\domain\public so that nothing / noone can write files or folders here, only to \ftp\users\domain\public\public. I setup the NTFS permissions of the folder to remove domain\users, public and server\users to not have modify right, yet I can still upload / modify files. I have disabled inheritance from the parent folder of \ftp\users\domain\public as well. Any ideas on what I'm missing here? P.S I know this is a stupid setup and makes no sense, it's some bizarre legacy application that I need to migrate to a safer environment until it can be replaced, then I'm going to light it on fire -.- and dance around it.

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• How to create a virtual audio device and stream audio input with it

  - by Steven Rosato

  Is it possible to create another audio device and redirect only wanted input streams to it? Here's my concrete problem: I am broadcasting a game via XFire and it uses the Windows audio device to capture any audio I receive. As I am broadcasting, other users who watch the video stream are communicating with me over Skype, and they hear themselves back within the video stream and it is entirely logical since I am broadcasting the audio I hear. What I want to do is create another audio device within Windows and redirect (pipe) ONLY the audio input from that game and not the input reveived from Skype. I would then tell XFire to use that newly created "virtual" audio device to broadcast and therefore my partners won't hear themselves back. Is there any software that can do that or can it be achieved natively with Windows? (I am under Windows 7).

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• Apache 2.2.16: client denied by server configuration

  - by Viktor

  I have problem with my server configuration. I use Apache 2.216, PHP 5.3.3 and wordpress 3.4.2 with Shopperpress. Time to time I receive error "client denied by server configuration: path/to/file" in apache log file. It is path to _tbs.php file, but it is not problem in rights of file, because this file is called 12 times on page for getting thumbs of photos and there is error only several times. I think that it has no connection to concrete photo, because once this photo is displayed corectly and next time same photo produce error. Do you have any idea what can be reason? Thank you for all advices. Viktor

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• Why does a group policy not applied to the domain administrator account?

  - by Saariko

  I have a working policy on my entire domain. I just found out, when logging with the domain administrator, that this policy is not applied (EDIT: Running : gpresult shows that the GPO's are applied - but, this GPO is for Drive Mappings, and the actual drive mappings are NOT shown) The administrator account - does not have any login script on his profile tab. My GPO's are mainly small/atomic settings: single GPO to handle each settings: UAC, Firewall, printers. GPO status for the object is enabled That's an overview of the Drive Maps: Reading on MS support site, I checked the delegation tab, and it is marked as applied to domain and enterprise admins. Every user gets these policies correctly. The OU that is set is the root of the domain. (for testing purpose - I did that to eliminate hierarchy issues - did not help) Block Inheritance is disabled. (never used it anyway) GPO link GPO Security Filterings

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• WPA Enterprise Wireless Bridge

  - by prestomation

  I live in college housing at a university with wifi available. unfortunately, my bedroom(where I'd like to place my PC) gets little to no reception. I'd like to place a router in the strongest spot and rebroadcast. I understand this can be done with DD-WRT/etc, but this particular network is WPA Enterprise with my own personal username/password. I can't find any concrete evidence that I can get my router to act as a repeater for this encryption. I don't currently have a router to test it on, otherwise this would be easy, I just don't want to buy a router if it will be worthless to me. Thanks for your help

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• Windows Media Player crashes on startup after CPU upgrade

  - by NathanE

  I upgraded my CPU, reactivated Windows Vista etc. But WMP has stopped working. It just crashes almost immediately after starting up. If I look in Event Viewer it mentions the source as being "Indiv01.key". I have searched my OS drive for this file but it does not exist anywhere. Some Googling has revealed it seems to be a common problem and that it is DRM related. Though there doesn't seem to be any concrete solution. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Worst SysAdmin Accident

  - by Ward

  In line with the question about Best sysadmin accident, what's the worst accident you've been involved in? Unlike the previous question, I mean "worst" in the sense of most system damage or actual harm to people. I'll start with mine: We have two remote wiring closets that are at the end of a 100-foot corridor which has a metal grate for the floor. After we had Cat6 cable installed, the contractors cleaned up all the debris that dropped through the grating to the concrete 3 feet below. A co-worker and I entered the corridor to check on the progress one day but were distracted and didn't notice that a piece of grating had been moved aside. My buddy stepped into air and his chest slammed into the steel crossbar. He was winded and sore enough to take a couple days off, but luckily the steel beam had rounded edges and the size of the opening was such that he didn't smack his head into it or the floor below. Obviously we learned that areas where the floor is partially removed need to be flagged.

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• re: 3ware raid 10 (4drive) suggested stripe size suggestions?

  - by dasko

  looked around on the site but nothing really concrete on my question. i will have about 120GB of data total, files are made up of 5MB files, excel, word and about 25 .pst files that are about 1.2GB each. Yes they use .pst over network, even though it is not recommended this is legacy setup without issue so we will continue to support this for another year or so. I need to know what you think about a stripe size of 256kb for the raid 10 based on the above requirements. I did try and bench with these settings and it seems alright without any real issue, just trying to rule out anything i might of missed. thanks.

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• SLA Violations - Compensation expectations and vague contracts

  - by llllxllll

  Tagging this as cautionary tale. I took over for an admin a year and a half ago, and reviewed the 3 year contract with our ISP. There were no specific SLA promises in the contract that I found, and have been meaning to review the contract with our rep. Of course, we had an outage this past week that resulted in almost four days of downtime !!!!! This involves eff-ups of epic proportions on our ISP's part and a telco they colocate with. Details can be provided. I am the network / systems / purchasing / and helpdesk at my company...and am willing to fight with the ISP. I also have more management that can get involved, including the name on the contract. First, if there are not concrete guarantees about compensation and downtime, we are screwed right? Two, if we want out of our contract, does anyone have experience going the legal route, and if so, who knows a lawyer? =)

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• IIS 6.0 FTP Folder Permissions

  - by Beuy

  I have a IIS FTP website setup like this \ftp\users\domain\public\public Software that runs on clients computers logs into the FTP server by specifying domain\public and moving to public, it then uploads or downloads files / folders into that area. I want to restrict permissions on \ftp\users\domain\public so that nothing/nobody can write files or folders here, only to \ftp\users\domain\public\public. I setup the NTFS permissions of the folder to remove domain\users, public and server\users to not have modify right, yet I can still upload/modify files. I have disabled inheritance from the parent folder of \ftp\users\domain\public as well. Any ideas on what I'm missing here? P.S I know this is a stupid setup and makes no sense, it's some bizarre legacy application that I need to migrate to a safer environment until it can be replaced.

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• SQL Azure Federation - how much data before performance benefits?

  - by Donald Hughes

  To avoid premature optimization, I don't want to implement SQL Azure's Federation too early. Is there a rule of thumb for how much data a table would need to have before seeing performance benefits from sharding? I know there won't be a precise answer as there are too many variables to consider, especially with much of SQL Azure's resources being hidden/unknown. To put it into several, more concrete examples, would Federation improve performance in any of the below table scenarios: 100,000 rows (~ 200 MB) 1,000,000 rows (~ 2 GB) 10,000,000 rows (~ 20 GB) 100,000,000 rows (~ 200 GB) For the sake of elaboration, we can assume this is the largest table that would be federated, which consists of order details, which is joined to an orders table with a 'customer_id' foreign key, which would be the distribution key. This is a fairly standard multi-tenant, CRUD order entry system, with a typical assortment of reporting needs (customer order totals by day/month/year, etc).

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• How to take advantage of two Internet connections (WiFi / Wired) ?

  - by Madhur Ahuja

  I have two separate internet connections, one through WiFi and other Wired. However, generally I have observed that Windows try to use only one ( mostly faster one/ Or Wired by preference - I am not sure). Is there a way I can take advantage of having both ? For example I can have my web browser use the wired one and my torrent software use the Wifi One. PS: This question may be regarded as duplicate but reason I am posting it again is I have not found any concrete answer for it. Two internet Connections, one LAN - how to share?

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• How to take advantage of two Internet connections (WiFi / Wired)?

  - by Madhur Ahuja

  I have two separate internet connections, one through WiFi and other Wired. However, generally I have observed that Windows try to use only one ( mostly faster one/ Or Wired by preference - I am not sure). Is there a way I can take advantage of having both ? For example I can have my web browser use the wired one and my torrent software use the Wifi One. PS: This question may be regarded as duplicate but reason I am posting it again is I have not found any concrete answer for it. Two internet Connections, one LAN - how to share?

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• Change install path to /usr/bin instead of /usr/local/bin

  - by user1678788

  A simple question, but I have no concrete documentation to confirm my answer. When installing software with the make install command under a unix machine, the default path is going over to /usr/local/bin. I would like to update a package system-wide under /usr/bin. How (and where) do I change the command under make or make install to /usr/bin? Also - Can the package remain on /usr/local/bin but the systemwide usage of Python (the update being installed) be changed to /usr/local/bin from /usr/bin to avoid modifying the original installed version ?

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• Wake up and record in Windows Media Center on a Mac Mini

  - by Sir Code-A-Lot

  I'm currently considering buying a Mac Mini to use as a media center. I plan to install Windows 7 (or 8) on it, using Boot Camp. Will it be able to go into standby or hibernate (S3, S4?) and wake up to record TV scheduled in Windows Media Center? I haven't been able to find concrete information on supported standby types when running Windows under boot camp, and if Windows will even be able to wake when a recording should start. I just want to be clear on any limitations in this area before I buy anything.

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• exported variable not persisted after script execution

  - by Daniele

  I'm facing a wierd issue. I've a vm with solaris 11, and trying to write some bash scripts. if, on the shell, I type : export TEST=aaa and subsequently run: set I correctly see a new environment variable named TEST whose value is aaa. If, however I do basically the same thing in a script. when the script terminates, I do not see the variable set. To make a concrete example, if in a file test.sh I have: #!/usr/bin/bash echo 1: $TEST #variable not defined yet, expect to print only 1: echo 2: $USER TEST=sss echo 3: $TEST export TEST echo 4: $TEST it prints: 1: 2: daniele 3: sss 4: sss and after its execution, TEST is not set in the shell. Am I missing something? I tried both to do export TEST=sss and the separate variable set/export with no difference.

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• Unable to diagnose Windows 7 lockup

  - by Delyan

  Basic info: Laptop Dell Studio XPS 13 (Intel P9600, 4GB RAM, NVidia 9400M card, 256G Samsung PM800 SSD) Windows 7 Ultimate, as well as Fedora 14 Here's the deal - Windows would just lock up out of nowhere, no log entries, no dumps, no BSOD, it just freezes. This happens mostly when idle (but it happened when I was using it too) and does not follow a concrete time frame. No input is accepted - only solution is to hold the power button. Although this sounds like a clean cut hardware issue, the reason I'm willing to rule this out is that my primary OS is Fedora 14. It's been working fine for the past 2 years and I've been stress testing the hardware (intentionally or not) every once in a while with no issues. I would like to ask if there's any way to get a diagnostic output from Windows in a situation such as this. The next step in my testing is to leave it in Safe Mode overnight and see if it locks up but even if I do that, I still need to figure out what component freezes it up during normal operation.

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• Full Access user removed from NTFS Share

  - by TJ

  I don't know how it happened but for some reason one of the sub folders in the Network shares (call the share Market and the sub folder Support) no longer has any groups or users with full permissions on the share. The Market top level has users and groups with these permissions and everything is set up for folder inheritance but it's not inheriting permissions from the top level and only has modify permissions for the single group that is in the Access List for the sub folder Support. I can see items in the sub folder but I can not add, edit, or delete permissions to the Support folder. What are my options so I can once again manage permissions?

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