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• Should i continue my self-taught coding practice or learn how to do coding professionally?

  - by G1i1ch

  Lately I've been getting professional work, hanging out with other programmers, and making friends in the industry. The only thing is I'm 100% self-taught. It's caused my style to extremely deviate from the style of those that are properly trained. It's the techniques and organization of my code that's different. It's a mixture of several things I do. I tend to blend several programming paradigms together. Like Functional and OO. I lean to the Functional side more than OO, but I see the use of OO when something would make more sense as an abstract entity. Like a game object. Next I also go the simple route when doing something. When in contrast, it seems like sometimes the code I see from professional programmers is complicated for the sake of it! I use lots of closures. And lastly, I'm not the best commenter. I find it easier just to read through my code than reading the comment. And most cases I just end up reading the code even if there are comments. Plus I've been told that, because of how simply I write my code, it's very easy to read it. I hear professionally trained programmers go on and on about things like unit tests. Something I've never used before so I haven't even the faintest idea of what they are or how they work. Lots and lots of underscores "_", which aren't really my taste. Most of the techniques I use are straight from me, or a few books I've read. Don't know anything about MVC, I've heard a lot about it though with things like backbone.js. I think it's a way to organize an application. It just confuses me though because by now I've made my own organizational structures. It's a bit of a pain. I can't use template applications at all when learning something new like with Ubuntu's Quickly. I have trouble understanding code that I can tell is from someone trained. Complete OO programming really leaves a bad taste in my mouth, yet that seems to be what EVERYONE else is strictly using. It's left me not that confident in the look of my code, or wondering whether I'll cause sparks when joining a company or maybe contributing to open source projects. In fact I'm rather scared of the fact that people will eventually be checking out my code. Is this just something normal any programmer goes through or should I really look to change up my techniques?

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• pyqt QTreeWidget setItemWidget dissapears after drag/drop

  - by mleep

  I'm trying to keep a widget put into a QTreeWidgetItem after a reparent (drag and drop) using QTreeWidget.setItemWidget() But the result, if you compile the following code - is that the widget inside the QTreeWidgetItem disappears. Any idea why? What code would fix this (repopulate the QTreeWidgetItem with the widget I guess?) from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * class InlineEditor (QWidget): _MUTE = 'MUTE' def __init__ (self, parent): QWidget.__init__ (self, parent) self.setAutoFillBackground (True) lo = QHBoxLayout() lo.setSpacing(4) self._cbFoo = QComboBox() for x in ["ABC", "DEF", "GHI", "JKL"]: self._cbFoo.addItem(x) self._leBar = QLineEdit('', self) lo.addWidget (self._cbFoo, 3) lo.addSpacing (5) lo.addWidget (QLabel ( 'Bar:')) lo.addWidget (self._leBar, 3) lo.addStretch (5) self.setLayout (lo) class Form (QDialog): def __init__(self,parent=None): QDialog.__init__(self, parent) grid = QGridLayout () tree = QTreeWidget () # Here is the issue? tree.setDragDropMode(QAbstractItemView.InternalMove) tree.setColumnCount(3) for n in range (2): i = QTreeWidgetItem (tree) # create QTreeWidget the sub i i.setText (0, "first" + str (n)) # set the text of the first 0 i.setText (1, "second") for m in range (2): j = QTreeWidgetItem(i) j.setText (0, "child first" + str (m)) #b1 = QCheckBox("push me 0", tree) # this wont work w/ drag by itself either #tree.setItemWidget (tree.topLevelItem(0).child(1), 1, b1) item = InlineEditor(tree) # deal with a combination of multiple controls tree.setItemWidget(tree.topLevelItem(0).child(1), 1, item) grid.addWidget (tree) self.setLayout (grid) app = QApplication ([]) form = Form () form.show () app.exec_ ()

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• iPhone: Memory leak when using NSOperationQueue...

  - by MacTouch

  Hi, I'm sitting here for at least half an hour to find a memory leak in my code. I just replaced an synchronous call to a (touch) method with an asynchronous one using NSOperationQueue. The Leak Inspector reports a memory leak after I did the change to the code. What's wrong with the version using NSOperationQueue? Version without a MemoryLeak -(NSData *)dataForKey:(NSString*)ressourceId_ { NSString *path = [self cachePathForKey:ressourceId_]; // returns an autoreleased NSString* NSString *cacheKey = [self cacheKeyForRessource:ressourceId_]; // returns an autoreleased NSString* NSData *data = [[self memoryCache] valueForKey:cacheKey]; if (!data) { data = [self loadData:path]; // returns an autoreleased NSData* if (data) { [[self memoryCache] setObject:data forKey:cacheKey]; } } [[self touch:path]; return data; } Version with a MemoryLeak (I do not see any) -(NSData *)dataForKey:(NSString*)ressourceId_ { NSString *path = [self cachePathForKey:ressourceId_]; // returns an autoreleased NSString* NSString *cacheKey = [self cacheKeyForRessource:ressourceId_]; // returns an autoreleased NSString* NSData *data = [[self memoryCache] valueForKey:cacheKey]; if (!data) { data = [self loadData:path]; // returns an autoreleased NSData* if (data) { [[self memoryCache] setObject:data forKey:cacheKey]; } } NSInvocationOperation *touchOp = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(touch:) object:path]; [[self operationQueue] addOperation:touchOp]; [touchOp release]; return data; } And of course, the touch method does nothing special too. Just change the date of the file. -(void)touch:(id)path_ { NSString *path = (NSString *)path_ NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; if ([fm fileExistsAtPath:path]) { NSDictionary *attributes = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:[NSDate date], NSFileModificationDate, nil]; [fm setAttributes: attributes ofItemAtPath:path error:nil]; } }

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• Obj-msg-send error in numberOfSectionsInTableView

  - by mukeshpawar

  import "AddBillerCategoryViewController.h" import "Globals.h" import "AddBillerViewController.h" import "AddBillerListViewController.h" import"KlinnkAppDelegate.h" @implementation AddBillerCategoryViewController @synthesize REASON, RESPVAR, currentAttribute,tbldata,strOptions; // This recipe adds a title for each section //Initialize the table view controller with the grouped style (AddBillerCategoryViewController *) init { if (self = [super initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped]);// self.title = @"Crayon Colors"; return self; } -(void)showBack { [[self navigationController] pushViewController:[[AddBillerViewController alloc] init] animated:YES]; } (void)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController willShowViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated { if ([viewController isKindOfClass:[AddBillerCategoryViewController class]]) { AddBillerCategoryViewController *controller = (AddBillerCategoryViewController *)viewController; [controller.tbldata reloadData]; } } (void)viewDidLoad { appDelegate = (KlinnkAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; appDelegate.catListArray.count; // Uncomment the following line to display an Edit button in the navigation bar for this view controller. // self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem; //self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] // initWithTitle:@"Back" // style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain // target:self // action:@selector(showBack)] autorelease]; if(gotOK == 0) { //self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem.enabled = FALSE; dt = [[DateTime alloc] init]; strChannelID = @"IGLOO|MOBILE"; strDateTime = [dt findDateTime]; strTemp = [dt findSessionTime]; strSessionID = [appDelegate.KMobile stringByAppendingString:strTemp]; strResponseURL = @"http://115.113.110.139/Test/CbbpServerRequestHandler"; strResponseVar = @"serverResponseXML"; strRequestType = @"GETCATEGORY"; NSLog(@"Current Session id - %@", strSessionID); //conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] init]; receivedData = [[NSMutableData data] retain]; //.................... currentAttribute = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; // create XMl xmlData = [[NSData alloc] init]; xmlData = [self createXML]; // XMl has been created now convert it in to string xmlString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:xmlData encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Ataching other infromatin to he xml parameterString = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"mobileRequestXML="]; requestString = [[NSString alloc] init]; requestString = [parameterString stringByAppendingString:xmlString]; // give space betn two element. requestString = [requestString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"<" withString:@" <"]; // Initalizing other parameters postData = [requestString dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES]; postLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[postData length]]; firstRequest = [[[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init] autorelease]; REASON = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; RESPVAR = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; NSLog(@"\n \n Sending for 1st time........\n"); [self sendRequest]; NSLog(@"\n \n Sending for 2nd time........\n"); [self sendRequest]; NSLog(@"\n \n both request send........\n \n "); } //[tbldata reloadData]; [self retain]; [super viewDidLoad]; } -(void)sendRequest { finished = FALSE; NSLog(@"\n Sending Request \n\n %@", requestString); conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] init]; if(gotOK == 0) [firstRequest setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://115.113.110.139/Test/CbbpMobileRequestHandler"]]; if(gotOK == 1) { [firstRequest setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://115.113.110.139//secure"]]; gotOK = 2; } [firstRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"]; [firstRequest setValue:postLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"]; [firstRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; [firstRequest setHTTPBody:postData]; conn = [conn initWithRequest:firstRequest delegate:self startImmediately:YES]; [conn start]; while(!finished) { [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]]; } if (conn) { //receivedData = [[NSMutableData data] retain]; NSLog(@"\n\n Received %d bytes of data",[receivedData length]); } else { NSLog(@"\n Not responding"); } } (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response { NSLog(@" \n Send didReciveResponse"); [receivedData setLength:0]; } (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { NSLog(@" \n Send didReciveData"); [receivedData appendData:data]; } (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { finished = TRUE; NSLog(@" \n Send didFinishLaunching"); // do something with the data // receivedData is declared as a method instance elsewhere NSLog(@"\n\n Succeeded! DIDFINISH Received %d bytes of data\n\n ",[receivedData length]); NSString *aStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:receivedData encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; NSLog(aStr); //[conn release]; if([aStr isEqualToString:@"OK"]) gotOK = 1; NSLog(@" Value of gotOK - %d", gotOK); if(gotOK == 2) { responseData = [aStr dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES]; parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:responseData]; [parser setDelegate:self]; NSLog(@"\n start parsing"); [parser parse]; NSLog(@"\n PArsing over"); NSLog(@"\n check U / S and the RESVAR is - %@",RESPVAR); NSRange textRange; textRange =[aStr rangeOfString:@"<"]; if(textRange.location != NSNotFound) { if([RESPVAR isEqualToString:@"U"]) { self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem.enabled = TRUE; self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem.enabled = TRUE; NSLog(@" \n U......."); UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Error" message:REASON delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"OK", nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; } if([RESPVAR isEqualToString:@"S"]) { NSLog(@"\n S........"); [[self navigationController] pushViewController:[[AddBillerCategoryViewController alloc] init] animated:YES]; //[self viewDidLoad]; //[tbldata reloadData]; } } else { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Connection Problem" message:@"Enable to process your request at this time. Please try again." delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"OK", nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; //self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem.enabled = TRUE; } } NSLog(@"\n Last line of connectionDidFinish "); //[tableView reloadData]; } -(NSData *)createXML { NSString *strXmlNode = @" channel alliaceid session reqtype responseurl responsevar "; NSString *tempchannel = [strXmlNode stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"channel" withString:strChannelID options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [strXmlNode length])]; NSString *tempalliance = [tempchannel stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"alliaceid" withString:@"WALLET365" options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [tempchannel length])]; NSString *tempsession = [tempalliance stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"session" withString:strSessionID options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [tempalliance length])]; NSString *tempreqtype = [tempsession stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"reqtype" withString:strRequestType options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0,[tempsession length])]; NSString *tempresponseurl = [tempreqtype stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"responseurl" withString:strResponseURL options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [tempreqtype length])]; NSString *tempresponsevar = [tempresponseurl stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"responsevar" withString:strResponseVar options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0,[tempresponseurl length])]; NSData *data= [[NSString stringWithString:tempresponsevar] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; return data; } (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict { if([elementName isEqualToString:@"RESPVAL"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; if([elementName isEqualToString:@"REASON"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; if([elementName isEqualToString:@"COUNT"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; if([elementName isEqualToString:@"CATNAME"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; } (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName { if([elementName isEqualToString:@"RESPVAL"]) { [RESPVAR setString:currentAttribute]; //NSLog(@"\n Response VAR - %@", RESPVAR); } if([elementName isEqualToString:@"REASON"]) { [REASON setString:currentAttribute]; //NSLog(@"\n Reason - %@", REASON); } if([elementName isEqualToString:@"COUNT"]) { NSString *temp1 = [[NSString alloc] init]; temp1 = [temp1 stringByAppendingString:currentAttribute]; catCount = [temp1 intValue]; [temp1 release]; //NSLog(@"\n Cat Count - %d", catCount); } if([elementName isEqualToString:@"CATNAME"]) { [appDelegate.catListArray addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:currentAttribute]]; //NSLog(@"%@", appDelegate.catListArray); } } (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string { if(self.currentAttribute) [self.currentAttribute setString:string]; } /* (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillAppear:animated]; } */ /* (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; } */ /* (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillDisappear:animated]; } */ /* (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidDisappear:animated]; } */ /* // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations return (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait); } */ (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview // Release anything that's not essential, such as cached data } pragma mark Table view methods -(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { return 1; } // Customize the number of rows in the table view. -(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { KlinnkAppDelegate *appDelegated = (KlinnkAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; return appDelegated.catListArray.count; } // Customize the appearance of table view cells. (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } // Set up the cell... AddBillerCategoryViewController *mbvc = (AddBillerCategoryViewController *)[appDelegate.catListArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [cell setText:mbvc.strOptions]; return cell; } (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Navigation logic may go here. Create and push another view controller. // AnotherViewController *anotherViewController = [[AnotherViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"AnotherView" bundle:nil]; // [self.navigationController pushViewController:anotherViewController]; // [anotherViewController release]; gotOK = 0; int j = indexPath.row; appDelegate.catName = [[NSString alloc] init]; appDelegate.catName = [appDelegate.catName stringByAppendingString:[appDelegate.catListArray objectAtIndex:j]]; [[self navigationController] pushViewController:[[AddBillerListViewController alloc] init] animated:YES]; } /* // Override to support conditional editing of the table view. (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canEditRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the specified item to be editable. return YES; } */ /* // Override to support editing the table view. (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) { // Delete the row from the data source [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:YES]; } else if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) { // Create a new instance of the appropriate class, insert it into the array, and add a new row to the table view } } */ /* // Override to support rearranging the table view. (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView moveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)fromIndexPath toIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)toIndexPath { } */ /* // Override to support conditional rearranging of the table view. (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canMoveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the item to be re-orderable. return YES; } */ (void)dealloc { [REASON release]; [RESPVAR release]; [currentAttribute release]; [tbldata release]; [super dealloc]; } @end In the Above code .. numberOfSectionsInTableView ,i get error of obj-msg-send i have intialize the array catlist and even not released it anywhere still why i am getting this error please help me i am badly stuck' thanks in advacnce

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• add/remove items in a list

  - by Jam

  I'm trying to create a player who can add and remove items from their inventory. I have everything working, I just have 1 small problem. Every time it prints the inventory, 'None' also appears. I've been messing with it to try and remove that, but no matter what I do, 'None' always appears in the program! I know I'm just missing something simple, but I can't figure it out for the life of me. class Player(object): def __init__(self, name, max_items, items): self.name=name self.max_items=max_items self.items=items def inventory(self): for item in self.items: print item def take(self, new_item): if len(self.items)<self.max_items: self.items.append(new_item) else: print "You can't carry any more items!" def drop(self, old_item): if old_item in self.items: self.items.remove(old_item) else: print "You don't have that item." def main(): player=Player("Jimmy", 5, ['sword', 'shield', 'ax']) print "Max items:", player.max_items print "Inventory:", player.inventory() choice=None while choice!="0": print \ """ Inventory Man 0 - Quit 1 - Add an item to inventory 2 - Remove an item from inventory """ choice=raw_input("Choice: ") print if choice=="0": print "Good-bye." elif choice=="1": new_item=raw_input("What item would you like to add to your inventory?") player.take(new_item) print "Inventory:", player.inventory() elif choice=="2": old_item=raw_input("What item would you like to remove from your inventory?") player.drop(old_item) print "Inventory:", player.inventory() else: print "\nSorry, but", choice, "isn't a valid choice." main() raw_input("Press enter to exit.")

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• Why Is Bottom Half of Custom UIActionSheet with UIDatePicker Disabled?

  - by Gorgando

  Everything seems to be working great with my UIActionSheet that contains a UIDatePicker except that the bottom half of the DatePicker is disabled. Visually there is a shadow that makes the bottom half of the picker darker than the top half. Everything in the bottom half is disabled and I can't for the life of me figure out how to enable it. I also noticed in my other "normal" UIActionSheets that just contain buttons, the bottom half of the cancel buttons are disabled. This is the code for my custom UIActionSheet: self.datePickerView = [[UIDatePicker alloc] init]; self.datePickerView.datePickerMode = UIDatePickerModeDate; self.actionSheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:@"Choose a Follow-up Date" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil destructiveButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"Done", nil]; [self.actionSheet showInView:self.view]; [self.actionSheet addSubview:self.datePickerView]; [self.actionSheet sendSubviewToBack:self.datePickerView]; [self.actionSheet setBounds:CGRectMake(0,0,320, 500)]; CGRect pickerRect = self.datePickerView.bounds; pickerRect.origin.y = -95; self.datePickerView.bounds = pickerRect; I've tried several things including sendSubviewToBack, BringSubviewToFront, etc but I have not had any luck. I appreciate your help!

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• Custom UIButton for Iphone.

  - by Amal

  I have an view in my App which has a number of buttons based on the number of items returned by the server. So if the server returns say 10 items, there should be 10 buttons and clicking on each button should call a different person. For the above purpose I created a custom button class deriving from UIButton. @implementation HopitalButton @synthesize index; @synthesize button_type; - (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame { if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) { UIImage* img = [UIImage imageNamed:@"dr_btn.png"]; [img stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:10 topCapHeight:10]; [self setBackgroundImage:img forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self setTitleColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:0.698 green:0.118 blue:0.376 alpha:1] forState:UIControlStateNormal] ; [self setFont:[UIFont fontWithName:@"Helvetica Bold" size:13]]; self.titleLabel.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:178 green:48 blue:95 alpha:1]; self.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = YES; } return self; } - (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end Now the problem with the above code is that it does not create buttons that look similar to the buttons created by default in Interface builder. The borders are missing. And I create buttons of the above type by the following code: HopitalButton* hb = [[HopitalButton alloc] init]; hb.button_type = @"call"; hb.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50 + i * 67, 220, 40); [self.scroll_view addSubview:hb]; [hb setTitle:[[[self.office_full_list objectAtIndex:i] objectForKey:@"Staff" ]objectForKey:@"FullName"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; hb.index = [NSNumber numberWithInt:[self.button_items count]]; [self.button_items insertObject:hb atIndex:[self.button_items count]]; [hb addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonClicked:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; I am not finding a way to set the button type for this custom button. Is there a way i can do it ? Or is there a better way to design the code.

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• Help me understand Inorder Traversal without using recursion

  - by vito

  I am able to understand preorder traversal without using recursion, but I'm having a hard time with inorder traversal. I just don't seem to get it, perhaps, because I haven't understood the inner working of recursion. This is what I've tried so far: def traverseInorder(node): lifo = Lifo() lifo.push(node) while True: if node is None: break if node.left is not None: lifo.push(node.left) node = node.left continue prev = node while True: if node is None: break print node.value prev = node node = lifo.pop() node = prev if node.right is not None: lifo.push(node.right) node = node.right else: break The inner while-loop just doesn't feel right. Also, some of the elements are getting printed twice; may be I can solve this by checking if that node has been printed before, but that requires another variable, which, again, doesn't feel right. Where am I going wrong? I haven't tried postorder traversal, but I guess it's similar and I will face the same conceptual blockage there, too. Thanks for your time! P.S.: Definitions of Lifo and Node: class Node: def __init__(self, value, left=None, right=None): self.value = value self.left = left self.right = right class Lifo: def __init__(self): self.lifo = () def push(self, data): self.lifo = (data, self.lifo) def pop(self): if len(self.lifo) == 0: return None ret, self.lifo = self.lifo return ret

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• "Exception: No extension found at None" when trying on use Selenium Firefox WebDriver on a Mac

  - by Gj

  Any ideas? In [1]: from selenium.firefox.webdriver import WebDriver In [2]: d=WebDriver() --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exception Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/local/selenium-read-only/<ipython console> in <module>() /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium-2.0_dev-py2.6.egg/selenium/firefox/webdriver.pyc in __init__(self, profile, timeout) 48 profile = FirefoxProfile(name=profile) 49 if not profile: ---> 50 profile = FirefoxProfile() 51 self.browser.launch_browser(profile) 52 RemoteWebDriver.__init__(self, /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium-2.0_dev-py2.6.egg/selenium/firefox/firefox_profile.pyc in __init__(self, name, port, template_profile, extension_path) 72 73 if name == ANONYMOUS_PROFILE_NAME: ---> 74 self._create_anonymous_profile(template_profile) 75 self._refresh_ini() 76 else: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium-2.0_dev-py2.6.egg/selenium/firefox/firefox_profile.pyc in _create_anonymous_profile(self, template_profile) 82 self._copy_profile_source(template_profile) 83 self._update_user_preference() ---> 84 self.add_extension(extension_zip_path=self.extension_path) 85 self._launch_in_silent() 86 /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/selenium-2.0_dev-py2.6.egg/selenium/firefox/firefox_profile.pyc in add_extension(self, force_create, extension_zip_path) 152 not os.path.exists(extension_source_path)): 153 raise Exception( --> 154 "No extension found at %s" % extension_source_path) 155 156 logging.debug("extension_source_path : %s" % extension_source_path) Exception: No extension found at None

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• Static variable for communication among like-typed objects

  - by Dan Ray

  I have a method that asynchronously downloads images. If the images are related to an array of objects (a common use-case in the app I'm building), I want to cache them. The idea is, I pass in an index number (based on the indexPath.row of the table I'm making by way through), and I stash the image in a static NSMutableArray, keyed on the row of the table I'm dealing with. Thusly: @implementation ImageDownloader ... @synthesize cacheIndex; static NSMutableArray *imageCache; -(void)startDownloadWithImageView:(UIImageView *)imageView andImageURL:(NSURL *)url withCacheIndex:(NSInteger)index { self.theImageView = imageView; self.cacheIndex = index; NSLog(@"Called to download %@ for imageview %@", url, self.theImageView); if ([imageCache objectAtIndex:index]) { NSLog(@"We have this image cached--using that instead"); self.theImageView.image = [imageCache objectAtIndex:index]; return; } self.activeDownload = [NSMutableData data]; NSURLConnection *conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url] delegate:self]; self.imageConnection = conn; [conn release]; } //build up the incoming data in self.activeDownload with calls to didReceiveData... - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { NSLog(@"Finished downloading."); UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:self.activeDownload]; self.theImageView.image = image; NSLog(@"Caching %@ for %d", self.theImageView.image, self.cacheIndex); [imageCache insertObject:image atIndex:self.cacheIndex]; NSLog(@"Cache now has %d items", [imageCache count]); [image release]; } My index is getting through okay, I can see that by my NSLog output. But even after my insertObject: atIndex: call, [imageCache count] never leaves zero. This is my first foray into static variables, so I presume I'm doing something wrong. (The above code is heavily pruned to show only the main thing of what's going on, so bear that in mind as you look at it.)

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• Python OOP and lists

  - by Mikk

  Hi, I'm new to Python and it's OOP stuff and can't get it to work. Here's my code: class Tree: root = None; data = []; def __init__(self, equation): self.root = equation; def appendLeft(self, data): self.data.insert(0, data); def appendRight(self, data): self.data.append(data); def calculateLeft(self): result = []; for item in (self.getLeft()): if (type(item) == type(self)): data = item.calculateLeft(); else: data = item; result.append(item); return result; def getLeft(self): return self.data; def getRight(self): data = self.data; data.reverse(); return data; tree2 = Tree("*"); tree2.appendRight(44); tree2.appendLeft(20); tree = Tree("+"); tree.appendRight(4); tree.appendLeft(10); tree.appendLeft(tree2); print(tree.calculateLeft()); It looks like tree2 and tree are sharing list "data"? At the moment I'd like it to output something like [[20,44], 10, 4], but when I tree.appendLeft(tree2) I get RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded, and when i even won't appendLeft(tree2) it outputs [10, 20, 44, 4] (!!!). What am I missing here? I'm using Portable Python 3.0.1. Thank you

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• How to get user input before saving a file in Sublime Text

  - by EddieJessup

  I'm making a plugin in Sublime Text that prompts the user for a password to encrypt a file before it's saved. There's a hook in the API that's executed before a save is executed, so my naïve implementation is: class TranscryptEventListener(sublime_plugin.EventListener): def on_pre_save(self, view): # If document is set to encode on save if view.settings().get('ON_SAVE'): self.view = view # Prompt user for password message = "Create a Password:" view.window().show_input_panel(message, "", self.on_done, None, None) def on_done(self, password): self.view.run_command("encode", {password": password}) The problem with this is, by the time the input panel appears for the user to enter their password, the document has already been saved (despite the trigger being 'on_pre_save'). Then once the user hits enter, the document is encrypted fine, but the situation is that there's a saved plaintext file, and a modified buffer filled with the encrypted text. So I need to make Sublime Text wait until the user's input the password before carrying out the save. Is there a way to do this? At the moment I'm just manually re-saving once the encryption has been done: def on_pre_save(self, view, encode=False): if view.settings().get('ON_SAVE') and not view.settings().get('ENCODED'): self.view = view message = "Create a Password:" view.window().show_input_panel(message, "", self.on_done, None, None) def on_done(self, password): self.view.run_command("encode", {password": password}) self.view.settings().set('ENCODED', True) self.view.run_command('save') self.view.settings().set('ENCODED', False) but this is messy and if the user cancels the encryption then the plaintext file gets saved, which isn't ideal. Any thoughts? Edit: I think I could do it cleanly by overriding the default save command. I hoped to do this by using the on_text_command or on_window_command triggers, but it seems that the save command doesn't trigger either of these (maybe it's an application command? But there's no on_application_command). Is there just no way to override the save function?

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• Python Twisted Client Connection Lost

  - by MovieYoda

  I have this twisted client, which connects with a twisted server having an index. I ran this client from command-line. It worked fine. Now I modified it to run in loop (see main()) so that I can keep querying. But the client runs only once. Next time it simply says connection lost \n Connection lost - goodbye!. What am i doing wrong? In the loop I am reconnecting to the server, it that wrong? from twisted.internet import reactor from twisted.internet import protocol from settings import AS_SERVER_HOST, AS_SERVER_PORT # a client protocol class Spell_client(protocol.Protocol): """Once connected, send a message, then print the result.""" def connectionMade(self): self.transport.write(self.factory.query) def dataReceived(self, data): "As soon as any data is received, write it back." if data == '!': self.factory.results = '' else: self.factory.results = data self.transport.loseConnection() def connectionLost(self, reason): print "\tconnection lost" class Spell_Factory(protocol.ClientFactory): protocol = Spell_client def __init__(self, query): self.query = query self.results = '' def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason): print "\tConnection failed - goodbye!" reactor.stop() def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason): print "\tConnection lost - goodbye!" reactor.stop() # this connects the protocol to a server runing on port 8090 def main(): print 'Connecting to %s:%d' % (AS_SERVER_HOST, AS_SERVER_PORT) while True: print query = raw_input("Query:") if query == '': return f = Spell_Factory(query) reactor.connectTCP(AS_SERVER_HOST, AS_SERVER_PORT, f) reactor.run() print f.results return if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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• Object-oriented GUI development in python

  - by ptabatt

  Hey guys, new programmer here. I have an assignment for class and I'm stuck... What I need to do is a create a GUI that gives someone a basic arithmetic problem in one box, asks the person to answer it, evaluates it, and tells you if you're right or wrong... Basically, what I have is this: [code] class Lesson(Frame): def init (self, parent=None): Frame.init(self, parent) self.pack() Lesson.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): Label(self, text="").pack(side=TOP) ent = Entry(self) self.a = randrange(1,10) self.b = randrange(1,10) self.expr = choice(["+","-"]) ent.insert(END, str(self.a) + str(self.expr) + str(self.a)) [/code] I've broken this down into many little steps and basically, what I'm trying to do right now is insert a default random expression into the first entry widget. When I run this code, I just get a blank Label. Why is that? How can I put a something like "7+7" into the box? If you absolutely need background to the problem, it's question #3 on this link. http://reed.cs.depaul.edu/lperkovic/csc242/homeworks/Homework8.html -Thanks for all help in advance.

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• Very simple python functions takes spends long time in function and not subfunctions

  - by John Salvatier

  I have spent many hours trying to figure what is going on here. The function 'grad_logp' in the code below is called many times in my program, and cProfile and runsnakerun the visualize the results reveals that the function grad_logp spends about .00004s 'locally' every call not in any functions it calls and the function 'n' spends about .00006s locally every call. Together these two times make up about 30% of program time that I care about. It doesn't seem like this is function overhead as other python functions spend far less time 'locally' and merging 'grad_logp' and 'n' does not make my program faster, but the operations that these two functions do seem rather trivial. Does anyone have any suggestions on what might be happening? Have I done something obviously inefficient? Am I misunderstanding how cProfile works? def grad_logp(self, variable, calculation_set ): p = params(self.p,self.parents) return self.n(variable, self.p) def n (self, variable, p ): gradient = self.gg(variable, p) return np.reshape(gradient, np.shape(variable.value)) def gg(self, variable, p): if variable is self: gradient = self._grad_logps['x']( x = self.value, **p) else: gradient = __builtin__.sum([self._pgradient(variable, parameter, value, p) for parameter, value in self.parents.iteritems()]) return gradient

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• Extending a form field to add new validations.

  - by duallain

  I've written an app that uses forms to collect information that is then sent in an email. Many of these forms have a filefield used to attach files to the email. I'd like to validate two things, the size of the file (to ensure the emails are accepted by our mail server. I'd also like to check the file extension, to discourage attaching file types not useable for our users. (This is the python class I'm trying to extend) class FileField(Field): widget = FileInput default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u"No file was submitted. Check the encoding type on the form."), 'missing': _(u"No file was submitted."), 'empty': _(u"The submitted file is empty."), 'max_length': _(u'Ensure this filename has at most %(max)d characters (it has %(length)d).'), } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.max_length = kwargs.pop('max_length', None) super(FileField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def clean(self, data, initial=None): super(FileField, self).clean(initial or data) if not self.required and data in EMPTY_VALUES: return None elif not data and initial: return initial # UploadedFile objects should have name and size attributes. try: file_name = data.name file_size = data.size except AttributeError: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) if self.max_length is not None and len(file_name) > self.max_length: error_values = {'max': self.max_length, 'length': len(file_name)} raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['max_length'] % error_values) if not file_name: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) if not file_size: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['empty']) return data

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• Best way to design a class in python

  - by Fraz

  So, this is more like a philosophical question for someone who is trying to understand classes. Most of time, how i use class is actually a very bad way to use it. I think of a lot of functions and after a time just indent the code and makes it a class and replacing few stuff with self.variable if a variable is repeated a lot. (I know its bad practise) But anyways... What i am asking is: class FooBar: def __init__(self,foo,bar): self._foo = foo self._bar = bar self.ans = self.__execute() def __execute(self): return something(self._foo, self._bar) Now there are many ways to do this: class FooBar: def __init__(self,foo): self._foo = foo def execute(self,bar): return something(self._foo, bar) Can you suggest which one is bad and which one is worse? or any other way to do this. This is just a toy example (offcourse). I mean, there is no need to have a class here if there is one function.. but lets say in __execute something() calls a whole set of other methods.. ?? Thanks

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• Python: combine logging and wx so that logging stream is redirectet to stdout/stderr frame

  - by Uwe

  Here's the thing: I'm trying to combine the logging module with wx.App()'s redirect feature. My intention is to log to a file AND to stderr. But I want stderr/stdout redirected to a separate frame as is the feature of wx.App. My test code: import logging import wx class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): self.logger = logging.getLogger("main.MyFrame") wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent = None, id = wx.ID_ANY, title = "MyFrame") self.logger.debug("MyFrame.__init__() called.") def OnExit(self): self.logger.debug("MyFrame.OnExit() called.") class MyApp(wx.App): def __init__(self, redirect): self.logger = logging.getLogger("main.MyApp") wx.App.__init__(self, redirect = redirect) self.logger.debug("MyApp.__init__() called.") def OnInit(self): self.frame = MyFrame() self.frame.Show() self.SetTopWindow(self.frame) self.logger.debug("MyApp.OnInit() called.") return True def OnExit(self): self.logger.debug("MyApp.OnExit() called.") def main(): logger_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(name)s\t%(levelname)s\t%(message)s") logger_stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler() logger_stream_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO) logger_stream_handler.setFormatter(logger_formatter) logger_file_handler = logging.FileHandler("test.log", mode = "w") logger_file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) logger_file_handler.setFormatter(logger_formatter) logger = logging.getLogger("main") logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) logger.addHandler(logger_stream_handler) logger.addHandler(logger_file_handler) logger.info("Logger configured.") app = MyApp(redirect = True) logger.debug("Created instance of MyApp. Calling MainLoop().") app.MainLoop() logger.debug("MainLoop() ended.") logger.info("Exiting program.") return 0 if (__name__ == "__main__"): main() Expected behavior is: - a file is created named test.log - the file contains logging messages with level DEBUG and INFO/ERROR/WARNING/CRITICAL - messages from type INFO and ERROR/WARNING/CRITICAL are ether shown on the console or in a separate frame, depending on where they are created - logger messages that are not inside MyApp or MyFrame are displayed at the console - logger messages from inside MyApp or MyFrame are shown in a separate frame Actual behavior is: - The file is created and contains: main INFO Logger configured. main.MyFrame DEBUG MyFrame.__init__() called. main.MyFrame INFO MyFrame.__init__() called. main.MyApp DEBUG MyApp.OnInit() called. main.MyApp INFO MyApp.OnInit() called. main.MyApp DEBUG MyApp.__init__() called. main DEBUG Created instance of MyApp. Calling MainLoop(). main.MyApp DEBUG MyApp.OnExit() called. main DEBUG MainLoop() ended. main INFO Exiting program. - Console output is: main INFO Logger configured. main.MyFrame INFO MyFrame.__init__() called. main.MyApp INFO MyApp.OnInit() called. main INFO Exiting program. - No separate frame is opened, although the lines main.MyFrame INFO MyFrame.__init__() called. main.MyApp INFO MyApp.OnInit() called. shouldget displayed within a frame and not on the console. It seems to me that wx.App can't redirect stderr to a frame as soon as a logger instance uses stderr as output. wxPythons Docs claim the wanted behavior though, see here. Any ideas? Uwe

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• One letter game problem?

  - by Alex K

  Recently at a job interview I was given the following problem: Write a script capable of running on the command line as python It should take in two words on the command line (or optionally if you'd prefer it can query the user to supply the two words via the console). Given those two words: a. Ensure they are of equal length b. Ensure they are both words present in the dictionary of valid words in the English language that you downloaded. If so compute whether you can reach the second word from the first by a series of steps as follows a. You can change one letter at a time b. Each time you change a letter the resulting word must also exist in the dictionary c. You cannot add or remove letters If the two words are reachable, the script should print out the path which leads as a single, shortest path from one word to the other. You can /usr/share/dict/words for your dictionary of words. My solution consisted of using breadth first search to find a shortest path between two words. But apparently that wasn't good enough to get the job :( Would you guys know what I could have done wrong? Thank you so much. import collections import functools import re def time_func(func): import time def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): start = time.time() res = func(*args, **kwargs) timed = time.time() - start setattr(wrapper, 'time_taken', timed) return res functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, func) return wrapper class OneLetterGame: def __init__(self, dict_path): self.dict_path = dict_path self.words = set() def run(self, start_word, end_word): '''Runs the one letter game with the given start and end words. ''' assert len(start_word) == len(end_word), \ 'Start word and end word must of the same length.' self.read_dict(len(start_word)) path = self.shortest_path(start_word, end_word) if not path: print 'There is no path between %s and %s (took %.2f sec.)' % ( start_word, end_word, find_shortest_path.time_taken) else: print 'The shortest path (found in %.2f sec.) is:\n=> %s' % ( self.shortest_path.time_taken, ' -- '.join(path)) def _bfs(self, start): '''Implementation of breadth first search as a generator. The portion of the graph to explore is given on demand using get_neighboors. Care was taken so that a vertex / node is explored only once. ''' queue = collections.deque([(None, start)]) inqueue = set([start]) while queue: parent, node = queue.popleft() yield parent, node new = set(self.get_neighbours(node)) - inqueue inqueue = inqueue | new queue.extend([(node, child) for child in new]) @time_func def shortest_path(self, start, end): '''Returns the shortest path from start to end using bfs. ''' assert start in self.words, 'Start word not in dictionnary.' assert end in self.words, 'End word not in dictionnary.' paths = {None: []} for parent, child in self._bfs(start): paths[child] = paths[parent] + [child] if child == end: return paths[child] return None def get_neighbours(self, word): '''Gets every word one letter away from the a given word. We do not keep these words in memory because bfs accesses a given vertex only once. ''' neighbours = [] p_word = ['^' + word[0:i] + '\w' + word[i+1:] + '$' for i, w in enumerate(word)] p_word = '|'.join(p_word) for w in self.words: if w != word and re.match(p_word, w, re.I|re.U): neighbours += [w] return neighbours def read_dict(self, size): '''Loads every word of a specific size from the dictionnary into memory. ''' for l in open(self.dict_path): l = l.decode('latin-1').strip().lower() if len(l) == size: self.words.add(l) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys if len(sys.argv) not in [3, 4]: print 'Usage: python one_letter_game.py start_word end_word' else: g = OneLetterGame(dict_path = '/usr/share/dict/words') try: g.run(*sys.argv[1:]) except AssertionError, e: print e

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• Convert your Hash keys to object properties in Ruby

  - by kerry

  Being a Ruby noob (and having a background in Groovy), I was a little surprised that you can not access hash objects using the dot notation.  I am writing an application that relies heavily on XML and JSON data.  This data will need to be displayed and I would rather use book.author.first_name over book[‘author’][‘first_name’].  A quick search on google yielded this post on the subject. So, taking the DRYOO (Don’t Repeat Yourself Or Others) concept.  I came up with this: 1: class ::Hash 2:  3: # add keys to hash 4: def to_obj 5: self.each do |k,v| 6: if v.kind_of? Hash 7: v.to_obj 8: end 9: k=k.gsub(/\.|\s|-|\/|\'/, '_').downcase.to_sym 10: self.instance_variable_set("@#{k}", v) ## create and initialize an instance variable for this key/value pair 11: self.class.send(:define_method, k, proc{self.instance_variable_get("@#{k}")}) ## create the getter that returns the instance variable 12: self.class.send(:define_method, "#{k}=", proc{|v| self.instance_variable_set("@#{k}", v)}) ## create the setter that sets the instance variable 13: end 14: return self 15: end 16: end This works pretty well.  It converts each of your keys to properties of the Hash.  However, it doesn’t sit very well with me because I probably will not use 90% of the properties most of the time.  Why should I go through the performance overhead of creating instance variables for all of the unused ones? Enter the ‘magic method’ #missing_method: 1: class ::Hash 2: def method_missing(name) 3: return self[name] if key? name 4: self.each { |k,v| return v if k.to_s.to_sym == name } 5: super.method_missing name 6: end 7: end This is a much cleaner method for my purposes.  Quite simply, it checks to see if there is a key with the given symbol, and if not, loop through the keys and attempt to find one. I am a Ruby noob, so if there is something I am overlooking, please let me know.

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• PyGTK/Quickly Add string to ListStore

  - by AllRadioisDead

  I'm trying to build an application that will prompt the user for a string, and then add that string to a Scrolling Listview object using quickly and PyGTK. I've been following this tutorial: http://developer.ubuntu.com/resources/app-developer-cookbook/multimedia/creating-a-simple-media-player/ When I hit the add button, the prompt comes up properly and I'm able to enter the string. The column appears correctly but the list ends up being blank. What am I doing wrong? import gettext from gettext import gettext as _ gettext.textdomain('spiderweb') from gi.repository import Gtk # pylint: disable=E0611 import logging logger = logging.getLogger('spiderweb') from spiderweb_lib import Window from spiderweb.AboutSpiderwebDialog import AboutSpiderwebDialog from spiderweb.PreferencesSpiderwebDialog import PreferencesSpiderwebDialog from quickly import prompts from quickly.widgets.dictionary_grid import DictionaryGrid import os # See spiderweb_lib.Window.py for more details about how this class works class SpiderwebWindow(Window): __gtype_name__ = "SpiderwebWindow" def finish_initializing(self, builder): # pylint: disable=E1002 """Set up the main window""" super(SpiderwebWindow, self).finish_initializing(builder) self.AboutDialog = AboutSpiderwebDialog self.PreferencesDialog = PreferencesSpiderwebDialog # Code for other initialization actions should be added here. self.supported_web_formats = [".net",".html", ".com"] def on_addbutton_clicked(self, widget, data=None): #let the user choose a path with the directory chooser response, string = prompts.string("Enter a string", "Please enter string:", "Sample Text") #make certain the user said ok before working if response == Gtk.ResponseType.OK: #make a list of the supported media files media_files = Gtk.ListStore(str) #add a dictionary to the list of media files media_files.append({"String":string}) #remove any children in scrolled window for c in self.ui.scrolledwindow1.get_children(): self.ui.scrolledwindow1.remove(c) #create the grid with list of dictionaries #only show the File column media_grid = DictionaryGrid(media_files, keys=["File"]) #show the grid, and add it to the scrolled window media_grid.show_all() self.ui.scrolledwindow1.add(media_grid)

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• Authenticate with Django 1.5

  - by gorjuce

  I'm currently testing django 1.5 and a custom User model, but I've some problems. I've created a User class in my account app, which looks like: class User(AbstractBaseUser): email = models.EmailField() activation_key = models.CharField(max_length=255) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' I can correctly register a user, who is stored in my account_user table. Now, how can I log in? I've tried with: def login(request): form = AuthenticationForm() if request.method == 'POST': form = AuthenticationForm(request.POST) email = request.POST['username'] password = request.POST['password'] user = authenticate(username=email, password=password) if user is not None: if user.is_active: login(user) else: message = 'disabled account, check validation email' return render( request, 'account-login-failed.html', {'message': message} ) return render(request, 'account-login.html', {'form': form}) I can correctly register a new User My forms.py which contains my register form class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm): """ a form to create user""" password = forms.CharField( label="Password", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) password_confirm = forms.CharField( label="Password Repeat", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) class Meta: model = User exclude = ('last_login', 'activation_key') def clean_password_confirm(self): password = self.cleaned_data.get("password") password_confirm = self.cleaned_data.get("password_confirm") if password and password_confirm and password != password_confirm: raise forms.ValidationError("Password don't math") return password_confirm def clean_email(self): if User.objects.filter(email__iexact=self.cleaned_data.get("email")): raise forms.ValidationError("email already exists") return self.cleaned_data['email'] def save(self): user = super(RegisterForm, self).save(commit=False) user.password = self.cleaned_data['password'] user.activation_key = generate_sha1(user.email) user.save() return user My question is: Why does authenticate give me None? I know I'm trying to authenticate() with an email as username but is that not one of the reasons to use a custom User model?

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• iPhone SDK Tableview Datasource singleton error

  - by mrburns05

  I basically followed apple "TheElements" sample and changed "PeriodicElements" .h & .m to my own "SortedItems" .h & .m During compile I get this error: "Undefined symbols: "_OBJC_CLASS_$_SortedItems", referenced from: __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in SortedByNameTableDataSource.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status " here is my SortedItems.m file #import "SortedItems.h" #import "item.h" #import "MyAppDelegate.h" @interface SortedItems(mymethods) // these are private methods that outside classes need not use - (void)presortItemsByPhysicalState; - (void)presortItemInitialLetterIndexes; - (void)presortItemNamesForInitialLetter:(NSString *)aKey; - (void)presortItemsWithPhysicalState:(NSString *)state; - (NSArray *)presortItemsByNumber; - (NSArray *)presortItemsBySymbol; - (void)setupItemsArray; @end @implementation SortedItems @synthesize statesDictionary; @synthesize itemsDictionary; @synthesize nameIndexesDictionary; @synthesize itemNameIndexArray; @synthesize itemsSortedByNumber; @synthesize itemsSortedBySymbol; @synthesize itemPhysicalStatesArray; static SortedItems *sharedSortedItemsInstance = nil; + (SortedItems*)sharedSortedItems { @synchronized(self) { if (sharedSortedItemsInstance == nil) { [[self alloc] init]; // assignment not done here } } return sharedSortedItemsInstance; // note: Xcode (3.2) static analyzer will report this singleton as a false positive // '(Potential leak of an object allocated') } + (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { @synchronized(self) { if (sharedSortedItemsInstance == nil) { sharedSortedItemsInstance = [super allocWithZone:zone]; return sharedSortedItemsInstance; // assignment and return on first allocation } } return nil; //on subsequent allocation attempts return nil } - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { return self; } - (id)retain { return self; } - (unsigned)retainCount { return UINT_MAX; //denotes an object that cannot be released } - (void)release { //do nothing } - (id)autorelease { return self; } // setup the data collection - init { if (self = [super init]) { [self setupItemsArray]; } return self; } - (void)setupItemsArray { NSDictionary *eachItem; // create dictionaries that contain the arrays of Item data indexed by // name self.itemsDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; // physical state self.statesDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; // unique first characters (for the Name index table) self.nameIndexesDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; // create empty array entries in the states Dictionary or each physical state [statesDictionary setObject:[NSMutableArray array] forKey:@"Solid"]; [statesDictionary setObject:[NSMutableArray array] forKey:@"Liquid"]; [statesDictionary setObject:[NSMutableArray array] forKey:@"Gas"]; [statesDictionary setObject:[NSMutableArray array] forKey:@"Artificial"]; MyAppDelegate *ad = (MyAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication]delegate]; NSMutableArray *rawItemsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; [rawItemsArray addObjectsFromArray:ad.items]; // iterate over the values in the raw Items dictionary for (eachItem in rawItemsArray) { // create an atomic Item instance for each Item *anItem = [[Item alloc] initWithDictionary:eachItem]; // store that item in the Items dictionary with the name as the key [itemsDictionary setObject:anItem forKey:anItem.title]; // add that Item to the appropriate array in the physical state dictionary [[statesDictionary objectForKey:anItem.acct] addObject:anItem]; // get the Item's initial letter NSString *firstLetter = [anItem.title substringToIndex:1]; NSMutableArray *existingArray; // if an array already exists in the name index dictionary // simply add the Item to it, otherwise create an array // and add it to the name index dictionary with the letter as the key if (existingArray = [nameIndexesDictionary valueForKey:firstLetter]) { [existingArray addObject:anItem]; } else { NSMutableArray *tempArray = [NSMutableArray array]; [nameIndexesDictionary setObject:tempArray forKey:firstLetter]; [tempArray addObject:anItem]; } // release the Item, it is held by the various collections [anItem release]; } // release the raw Item data [rawItemsArray release]; // create the dictionary containing the possible Item states // and presort the states data self.itemPhysicalStatesArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"something",@"somethingElse",@"whatever",@"stuff",nil]; [self presortItemsByPhysicalState]; // presort the dictionaries now // this could be done the first time they are requested instead [self presortItemInitialLetterIndexes]; self.itemsSortedByNumber = [self presortItemsByNumber]; self.itemsSortedBySymbol = [self presortItemsBySymbol]; } // return the array of Items for the requested physical state - (NSArray *)itemsWithPhysicalState:(NSString*)aState { return [statesDictionary objectForKey:aState]; } // presort each of the arrays for the physical states - (void)presortItemsByPhysicalState { for (NSString *stateKey in itemPhysicalStatesArray) { [self presortItemsWithPhysicalState:stateKey]; } } - (void)presortItemsWithPhysicalState:(NSString *)state { NSSortDescriptor *nameDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"title" ascending:YES selector:@selector(localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:)] ; NSArray *descriptors = [NSArray arrayWithObject:nameDescriptor]; [[statesDictionary objectForKey:state] sortUsingDescriptors:descriptors]; [nameDescriptor release]; } // return an array of Items for an initial letter (ie A, B, C, ...) - (NSArray *)itemsWithInitialLetter:(NSString*)aKey { return [nameIndexesDictionary objectForKey:aKey]; } // presort the name index arrays so the items are in the correct order - (void)presortItemsInitialLetterIndexes { self.itemNameIndexArray = [[nameIndexesDictionary allKeys] sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:)]; for (NSString *eachNameIndex in itemNameIndexArray) { [self presortItemNamesForInitialLetter:eachNameIndex]; } } - (void)presortItemNamesForInitialLetter:(NSString *)aKey { NSSortDescriptor *nameDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"title" ascending:YES selector:@selector(localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:)] ; NSArray *descriptors = [NSArray arrayWithObject:nameDescriptor]; [[nameIndexesDictionary objectForKey:aKey] sortUsingDescriptors:descriptors]; [nameDescriptor release]; } // presort the ItemsSortedByNumber array - (NSArray *)presortItemsByNumber { NSSortDescriptor *nameDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"acct" ascending:YES selector:@selector(compare:)] ; NSArray *descriptors = [NSArray arrayWithObject:nameDescriptor]; NSArray *sortedItems = [[itemsDictionary allValues] sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:descriptors]; [nameDescriptor release]; return sortedItems; } // presort the itemsSortedBySymbol array - (NSArray *)presortItemsBySymbol { NSSortDescriptor *symbolDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"title" ascending:YES selector:@selector(localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:)] ; NSArray *descriptors = [NSArray arrayWithObject:symbolDescriptor]; NSArray *sortedItems = [[itemsDictionary allValues] sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:descriptors]; [symbolDescriptor release]; return sortedItems; } @end I followed the sample exactly - don't know where I went wrong. Here is my "SortedByNameTableDataSource.m" #import "SortedByNameTableDataSource.h" #import "SortedItems.h" #import "Item.h" #import "ItemCell.h" #import "GradientView.h" #import "UIColor-Expanded.h" #import "MyAppDelegate.h" @implementation SortedByNameTableDataSource - (NSString *)title { return @"Title"; } - (UITableViewStyle)tableViewStyle { return UITableViewStylePlain; }; // return the atomic element at the index - (Item *)itemForIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { return [[[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemsWithInitialLetter:[[[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemNameIndexArray] objectAtIndex:indexPath.section]] objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; } // UITableViewDataSource methods - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *MyIdentifier = @"ItemCell"; ItemCell *itemCell = (ItemCell *)[tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:MyIdentifier]; if (itemCell == nil) { itemCell = [[[ItemCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:MyIdentifier] autorelease]; itemCell = CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, 320.0, ROW_HEIGHT); itemCell.backgroundView = [[[GradientView alloc] init] autorelease]; } itemCell.todo = [self itemForIndexPath:indexPath]; return itemCell; } - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { // this table has multiple sections. One for each unique character that an element begins with // [A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,V,X,Y,Z] // return the count of that array return [[[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemNameIndexArray] count]; } - (NSArray *)sectionIndexTitlesForTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { // returns the array of section titles. There is one entry for each unique character that an element begins with // [A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,V,X,Y,Z] return [[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemNameIndexArray]; } - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView sectionForSectionIndexTitle:(NSString *)title atIndex:(NSInteger)index { return index; } - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { // the section represents the initial letter of the element // return that letter NSString *initialLetter = [[[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemNameIndexArray] objectAtIndex:section]; // get the array of elements that begin with that letter NSArray *itemsWithInitialLetter = [[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemsWithInitialLetter:initialLetter]; // return the count return [itemsWithInitialLetter count]; } - (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section { // this table has multiple sections. One for each unique character that an element begins with // [A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,V,X,Y,Z] // return the letter that represents the requested section // this is actually a delegate method, but we forward the request to the datasource in the view controller return [[[SortedItems sharedSortedItems] itemNameIndexArray] objectAtIndex:section]; } @end

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• django: failing tests from django.contrib.auth

  - by gruszczy

  When I run my django test I get following errors, that are outside of my test suite: ====================================================================== ERROR: test_known_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserCustomTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 160, in test_known_user super(RemoteUserCustomTest, self).test_known_user() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 67, in test_known_user self.assertEqual(response.context['user'].username, 'knownuser') TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_last_login (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserCustomTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 87, in test_last_login self.assertNotEqual(default_login, response.context['user'].last_login) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_no_remote_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserCustomTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 33, in test_no_remote_user self.assert_(isinstance(response.context['user'], AnonymousUser)) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_unknown_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserCustomTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 168, in test_unknown_user super(RemoteUserCustomTest, self).test_unknown_user() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 51, in test_unknown_user self.assertEqual(response.context['user'].username, 'newuser') TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_known_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserNoCreateTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 67, in test_known_user self.assertEqual(response.context['user'].username, 'knownuser') TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_last_login (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserNoCreateTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 87, in test_last_login self.assertNotEqual(default_login, response.context['user'].last_login) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_no_remote_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserNoCreateTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 33, in test_no_remote_user self.assert_(isinstance(response.context['user'], AnonymousUser)) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_unknown_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserNoCreateTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 118, in test_unknown_user self.assert_(isinstance(response.context['user'], AnonymousUser)) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_known_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 67, in test_known_user self.assertEqual(response.context['user'].username, 'knownuser') TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_last_login (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 87, in test_last_login self.assertNotEqual(default_login, response.context['user'].last_login) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_no_remote_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 33, in test_no_remote_user self.assert_(isinstance(response.context['user'], AnonymousUser)) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== ERROR: test_unknown_user (django.contrib.auth.tests.remote_user.RemoteUserTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/remote_user.py", line 51, in test_unknown_user self.assertEqual(response.context['user'].username, 'newuser') TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable ====================================================================== FAIL: test_current_site_in_context_after_login (django.contrib.auth.tests.views.LoginTest) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/django/contrib/auth/tests/views.py", line 190, in test_current_site_in_context_after_login self.assertEquals(response.status_code, 200) AssertionError: 302 != 200 Could anyone explain me, what am I doing wrong or what I should set to get those tests pass?

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• ImportError: No module named _sqlite3

  - by Chris R.

  I'm writing for the Google App Engine and my local tests are getting the following error: --> --> --> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3185, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3128, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 515, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2387, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2297, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2193, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "C:\Users\Chris Reade\Documents\SI 182\Final\geneticsalesman\Final.py", line 7, in <module> from pyevolve import DBAdapters File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1922, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1824, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1775, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "C:\Users\Chris Reade\Documents\SI 182\Final\geneticsalesman\pyevolve\DBAdapters.py", line 21, in <module> import sqlite3 File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1922, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1824, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1775, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "C:\Python26\lib\sqlite3\__init__.py", line 24, in <module> from dbapi2 import * File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1922, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1824, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1272, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1775, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "C:\Python26\lib\sqlite3\dbapi2.py", line 27, in <module> from _sqlite3 import * ImportError: No module named _sqlite3 My python direction has a lib file for sqlite3 but I can't tell why it can't find it. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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