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• Random Page Cost and Planning

  - by Dave Jarvis

  A query (see below) that extracts climate data from weather stations within a given radius of a city using the dates for which those weather stations actually have data. The query uses the table's only index, rather effectively: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX measurement_001_stc_idx ON climate.measurement_001 USING btree (station_id, taken, category_id); Reducing the server's configuration value for random_page_cost from 2.0 to 1.1 had a massive performance improvement for the given range (nearly an order of magnitude) because it suggested to PostgreSQL that it should use the index. While the results now return in 5 seconds (down from ~85 seconds), problematic lines remain. Bumping the query's end date by a single year causes a full table scan: sc.taken_start >= '1900-01-01'::date AND sc.taken_end <= '1997-12-31'::date AND How do I persuade PostgreSQL to use the indexes regardless of years between the two dates? (A full table scan against 43 million rows is probably not the best plan.) Find the EXPLAIN ANALYSE results below the query. Thank you! Query SELECT extract(YEAR FROM m.taken) AS year, avg(m.amount) AS amount FROM climate.city c, climate.station s, climate.station_category sc, climate.measurement m WHERE c.id = 5182 AND earth_distance( ll_to_earth(c.latitude_decimal,c.longitude_decimal), ll_to_earth(s.latitude_decimal,s.longitude_decimal)) / 1000 <= 30 AND s.elevation BETWEEN 0 AND 3000 AND s.applicable = TRUE AND sc.station_id = s.id AND sc.category_id = 1 AND sc.taken_start >= '1900-01-01'::date AND sc.taken_end <= '1996-12-31'::date AND m.station_id = s.id AND m.taken BETWEEN sc.taken_start AND sc.taken_end AND m.category_id = sc.category_id GROUP BY extract(YEAR FROM m.taken) ORDER BY extract(YEAR FROM m.taken) 1900 to 1996: Index "Sort (cost=1348597.71..1348598.21 rows=200 width=12) (actual time=2268.929..2268.935 rows=92 loops=1)" " Sort Key: (date_part('year'::text, (m.taken)::timestamp without time zone))" " Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 32kB" " -> HashAggregate (cost=1348586.56..1348590.06 rows=200 width=12) (actual time=2268.829..2268.886 rows=92 loops=1)" " -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..1344864.01 rows=744510 width=12) (actual time=0.807..2084.206 rows=134893 loops=1)" " Join Filter: ((m.taken >= sc.taken_start) AND (m.taken <= sc.taken_end) AND (sc.station_id = m.station_id))" " -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..12755.07 rows=1220 width=18) (actual time=0.502..521.937 rows=23 loops=1)" " Join Filter: ((sec_to_gc(cube_distance((ll_to_earth((c.latitude_decimal)::double precision, (c.longitude_decimal)::double precision))::cube, (ll_to_earth((s.latitude_decimal)::double precision, (s.longitude_decimal)::double precision))::cube)) / 1000::double precision) <= 30::double precision)" " -> Index Scan using city_pkey1 on city c (cost=0.00..2.47 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.014..0.015 rows=1 loops=1)" " Index Cond: (id = 5182)" " -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..9907.73 rows=3659 width=34) (actual time=0.014..28.937 rows=3458 loops=1)" " -> Seq Scan on station_category sc (cost=0.00..970.20 rows=3659 width=14) (actual time=0.008..10.947 rows=3458 loops=1)" " Filter: ((taken_start >= '1900-01-01'::date) AND (taken_end <= '1996-12-31'::date) AND (category_id = 1))" " -> Index Scan using station_pkey1 on station s (cost=0.00..2.43 rows=1 width=20) (actual time=0.004..0.004 rows=1 loops=3458)" " Index Cond: (s.id = sc.station_id)" " Filter: (s.applicable AND (s.elevation >= 0) AND (s.elevation <= 3000))" " -> Append (cost=0.00..1072.27 rows=947 width=18) (actual time=6.996..63.199 rows=5865 loops=23)" " -> Seq Scan on measurement m (cost=0.00..25.00 rows=6 width=22) (actual time=0.000..0.000 rows=0 loops=23)" " Filter: (m.category_id = 1)" " -> Bitmap Heap Scan on measurement_001 m (cost=20.79..1047.27 rows=941 width=18) (actual time=6.995..62.390 rows=5865 loops=23)" " Recheck Cond: ((m.station_id = sc.station_id) AND (m.taken >= sc.taken_start) AND (m.taken <= sc.taken_end) AND (m.category_id = 1))" " -> Bitmap Index Scan on measurement_001_stc_idx (cost=0.00..20.55 rows=941 width=0) (actual time=5.775..5.775 rows=5865 loops=23)" " Index Cond: ((m.station_id = sc.station_id) AND (m.taken >= sc.taken_start) AND (m.taken <= sc.taken_end) AND (m.category_id = 1))" "Total runtime: 2269.264 ms" 1900 to 1997: Full Table Scan "Sort (cost=1370192.26..1370192.76 rows=200 width=12) (actual time=86165.797..86165.809 rows=94 loops=1)" " Sort Key: (date_part('year'::text, (m.taken)::timestamp without time zone))" " Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 32kB" " -> HashAggregate (cost=1370181.12..1370184.62 rows=200 width=12) (actual time=86165.654..86165.736 rows=94 loops=1)" " -> Hash Join (cost=4293.60..1366355.81 rows=765061 width=12) (actual time=534.786..85920.007 rows=139721 loops=1)" " Hash Cond: (m.station_id = sc.station_id)" " Join Filter: ((m.taken >= sc.taken_start) AND (m.taken <= sc.taken_end))" " -> Append (cost=0.00..867005.80 rows=43670150 width=18) (actual time=0.009..79202.329 rows=43670079 loops=1)" " -> Seq Scan on measurement m (cost=0.00..25.00 rows=6 width=22) (actual time=0.001..0.001 rows=0 loops=1)" " Filter: (category_id = 1)" " -> Seq Scan on measurement_001 m (cost=0.00..866980.80 rows=43670144 width=18) (actual time=0.008..73312.008 rows=43670079 loops=1)" " Filter: (category_id = 1)" " -> Hash (cost=4277.93..4277.93 rows=1253 width=18) (actual time=534.704..534.704 rows=25 loops=1)" " -> Nested Loop (cost=847.87..4277.93 rows=1253 width=18) (actual time=415.837..534.682 rows=25 loops=1)" " Join Filter: ((sec_to_gc(cube_distance((ll_to_earth((c.latitude_decimal)::double precision, (c.longitude_decimal)::double precision))::cube, (ll_to_earth((s.latitude_decimal)::double precision, (s.longitude_decimal)::double precision))::cube)) / 1000::double precision) <= 30::double precision)" " -> Index Scan using city_pkey1 on city c (cost=0.00..2.47 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.012..0.014 rows=1 loops=1)" " Index Cond: (id = 5182)" " -> Hash Join (cost=847.87..1352.07 rows=3760 width=34) (actual time=6.427..35.107 rows=3552 loops=1)" " Hash Cond: (s.id = sc.station_id)" " -> Seq Scan on station s (cost=0.00..367.25 rows=7948 width=20) (actual time=0.004..23.529 rows=7949 loops=1)" " Filter: (applicable AND (elevation >= 0) AND (elevation <= 3000))" " -> Hash (cost=800.87..800.87 rows=3760 width=14) (actual time=6.416..6.416 rows=3552 loops=1)" " -> Bitmap Heap Scan on station_category sc (cost=430.29..800.87 rows=3760 width=14) (actual time=2.316..5.353 rows=3552 loops=1)" " Recheck Cond: (category_id = 1)" " Filter: ((taken_start >= '1900-01-01'::date) AND (taken_end <= '1997-12-31'::date))" " -> Bitmap Index Scan on station_category_station_category_idx (cost=0.00..429.35 rows=6376 width=0) (actual time=2.268..2.268 rows=6339 loops=1)" " Index Cond: (category_id = 1)" "Total runtime: 86165.936 ms"

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• How to reorder table rows (drag-and-drop) along with their sub rows

  - by Eirik Johansen

  I have a table which looks like this (simplified for the example): <table> <tr class="lvl_1"> <td> Level 1 </td> </tr> <tr class="lvl_2"> <td> Level 2 </td> </tr> <tr class="lvl_3"> <td> Level 3 </td> </tr> <tr class="lvl_1"> <td> Level 1 </td> </tr> <tr class="lvl_2"> <td> Level 2 </td> </tr> <tr class="lvl_3"> <td> Level 3 </td> </tr> The content in the rows with the lvl_3 class are children of the previous lvl_2 row, and the lvl_2 rows are children of the previous lvl_1. Had the data been a list, it would have looked something like this: Level 1 -- Level 2 ---- Level 3 Level 1 -- Level 2 ---- Level 3 I'm not looking to implement drag-and-drop sorting functionality, make it possible to rearrange the level 1 and two rows. The tricky part is that once I start moving a row, the corresponding children (and grand-children, if any) should move along with it. Is this even possible with the current markup, or do I have to rearrange the code? Thanks in advance !

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• Java - Finding distance between player and tile in array

  - by Corey

  What is the best way performance wise to do this? When I click a tile I want it to get the distance and if I am close enough I can interact with the tile. One way would be to find the tile by doing mouse / tile width when I click correct? But then how would I get that tiles position? I know how to find the distance I just don't know how to get a certain tiles position from the array when I click it

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• [Struts2+tiles] How can I make title dynamically?

  - by Lee Domin

  I'm developing BBS in struts2 and tiles(2) framework. I want to push a value in ActionSupport class and pop the value in layout.jsp of tiles. but i just keep failing to access to the value. I will explain my works step by step. 1) Users click a link to view an article at list page. And BoardView class will be called as defined in struts.xml --list.jsp-- <a href="view_board?num=${num}"> ${ subject } </a> --struts.xml-- <action name="View_board" class="board.BoardView"> <result type="tiles">board.view</result> </action> 2)Action class will put title into the value stack... right? --BoardView class-- public class BoardView extends ActionSupport private String title; public void Execute() throws Exception { ... setTitle(board.getSubject()); return SUCCESS; } ... (setter and getter of title) 3) As ActionClass returns SUCCESS, it will go to tiles definition named board.view --struts.xml-- <action name="View_board" class="board.BoardView"> <result type="tiles">board.view</result> </action> 4)Here's the tiles-def.xml and the problem. I think the value of 'title' can't be popped from value stack. ==tiles-def.xml== <definition name="board.view" extends="layout"> <put-attribute name="title" value="%title" /> <put-attribute name="body" value="/board/view.jsp" /> </definition> (I can't indent with tags... sorry) Here's the layout.jsp ==layout.jsp== ... <title><tiles:getAsString name="title" /></title> ... I tried to replace the value attribute to %{title}, $title and ${title}. But nothings worked out. Web Browser just shows the string itself($title). I don't know what to do... please help me. I hope you all understand my works despite of my bad explanation.

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• Return a number between 0 and 4

  - by munchine

  How do I return a number between 0 and 4, depending the input number? For example if I pass it number 23 it will return 3. The number set should look like 0 5 10 15 20 .. 1 6 11 16 21 .. 2 7 12 17 22 .. 3 8 13 18 23 .. 4 9 14 19 24 What's the math for this?

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• Generate Random Number from fix Set of numbers in iphone

  - by mihirpmehta

  Suppose I have One set of numbers i.e {1, 6, 3, 5, 7, 9} I want to Generate Random number from this set of number only i.e. a Generated number should be random and should be from these number({1, 6, 3, 5, 7, 9}) only. standard C/C++ function will also do...

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• MSSQL Efficiently dropping a group of rows with millions and millions of rows

  - by Net Citizen

  I recently asked this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2519183/ms-sql-share-identity-seed-amongst-tables (Many people wondered why) I have the following layout of a table: Table: Stars starId bigint categoryId bigint starname varchar(200) But my problem is that I have millions and millions of rows. So when I want to delete stars from the table Stars it is too intense on MS SQL. I cannot use built in partitioning for 2005+ because I do not have an enterprise license. When I do delete though, I always delete a whole category Id at a time. I thought of doing a design like this: Table: Star_1 starId bigint CategoryId bigint constaint rock=1 starname varchar(200) Table: Star_2 starId bigint CategoryId bigint constaint rock=2 starname varchar(200) In this way I can delete a whole category and hence millions of rows in O(1) by doing a simple drop table. My question is, is it a problem to have thousands of tables in your MS SQL? The drop in O(1) is extremely desirable to me. Maybe there's a completely different solution I'm not thinking of?

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• Adding Rows to Gridview without using databind

  - by powertex

  Hello, I have a gridview inside of a listview predefined in the xaml: .... <ListView x:Name="listPriority" IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" Margin="0,30,0,4" BorderThickness="0,0,0,0"> <ListView.View> <GridView> <GridViewColumn x:Name="grvPriorityColumn" Width="140" Header="Priority" /> <GridViewColumn x:Name="grvMessage" Width="250" Header="Message" /> </GridView> </ListView.View> .... I have an array containing data that needs to go into the "grvPriorityColumn" and "grvMessage". How do add this data to the gridview without using databinding?

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• Deleting SQLite rows automatically/periodically

  - by anselmophil

  Hi guys! So, i have a application that displays tasks and i created an option in the Settings menu that lets you choose in how many days all (Never, 10 days, 20 days or 30 days) these tasks should be automatically deleted. So when i open up the app there will be a method that will be called and check if theres any tasks to be deleted. I did that to challenge myself, but i'm hitting the wall with my head and i cant come up with something. So here i am in need of help! A little more information: i was trying to do something with java/android code, but from past searches i saw people dealing with it using SQL functions. Is it better? Thanks in advance guys!

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• How to get an AS-number?

  - by NARKOZ

  Where and how to get an AS-number? What I need? How much does it cost?

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• select rows with unidentical column values

  - by Bazon

  Hi Guys, I need to create a new data frame that excludes dams that appear in "dam1" and "dam2" columns on the same fosdate (fostering date). I tried df <- df[df$dam1!=dam2,] but did not work. Dam1 and dam2 are factors which are the ids's of mothers. my df: fosdate dam1 dam2 8/09/2009 2Z523 2Z523 30/10/2009 1W509 5C080 30/10/2009 1W509 5C640 30/10/2009 1W509 1W509 1/10/2009 1W311 63927 The new data frame that I need to get is: dfnew: fosdate dam1 dam2 30/10/2009 1W509 5C080 30/10/2009 1W509 5C640 1/10/2009 1W311 63927 Would appreciate any help! Bazon

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• SQL Server Efficiently dropping a group of rows with millions and millions of rows

  - by Net Citizen

  I recently asked this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2519183/ms-sql-share-identity-seed-amongst-tables (Many people wondered why) I have the following layout of a table: Table: Stars starId bigint categoryId bigint starname varchar(200) But my problem is that I have millions and millions of rows. So when I want to delete stars from the table Stars it is too intense on SQL Server. I cannot use built in partitioning for 2005+ because I do not have an enterprise license. When I do delete though, I always delete a whole category Id at a time. I thought of doing a design like this: Table: Star_1 starId bigint CategoryId bigint constaint rock=1 starname varchar(200) Table: Star_2 starId bigint CategoryId bigint constaint rock=2 starname varchar(200) In this way I can delete a whole category and hence millions of rows in O(1) by doing a simple drop table. My question is, is it a problem to have hundreds of thousands of tables in your SQL Server? The drop in O(1) is extremely desirable to me. Maybe there's a completely different solution I'm not thinking of?

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• selecting rows with unidentical values appearing in two different columns in R

  - by bazon

  Hi, I need to create a new data frame that excludes dams that appear in "dam1" and "dam2" columns on the same fosdate (fostering date). I tried df <- df[df$dam1!=dam2,] but could not work. dam1 and dam2 are dam or mother id's. my df: fosdate dam1 dam2 8/09/2009 2Z523 2Z523 30/10/2009 1W509 5C080 30/10/2009 1W509 5C640 30/10/2009 1W509 1W509 1/10/2009 1W311 63927 The new data frame that I need to get is: dfnew: fosdate dam1 dam2 30/10/2009 1W509 5C080 30/10/2009 1W509 5C640 1/10/2009 1W311 63927 Thanks, Bazon

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• select rows with unidentical column values using R

  - by Bazon

  Hi Guys, I need to create a new data frame that excludes dams that appear in "dam1" and "dam2" columns on the same fosdate (fostering date). I tried df <- df[df$dam1!=df$dam2,] but did not work. Dam1 and dam2 are factors which are the ids's of mothers. my df: fosdate dam1 dam2 8/09/2009 2Z523 2Z523 30/10/2009 1W509 5C080 30/10/2009 1W509 5C640 30/10/2009 1W509 1W509 1/10/2009 1W311 63927 The new data frame that I need to get is: dfnew: fosdate dam1 dam2 30/10/2009 1W509 5C080 30/10/2009 1W509 5C640 1/10/2009 1W311 63927 Would appreciate any help! Bazon

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• Sql Select Query Question. Merge Rows

  - by Jono

  I have a single MYSQL Question and need help ASAP. Database: Email | Name | Tag [email protected] |Test Person | TagOne [email protected] |Test Person | Tag Two Need an SQL query that will return Email | Name | Tag [email protected] |Test Person | TagOne, Tag Two Any help?

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• change data frame columns to rows

  - by Sol Lago

  Sorry if this is obvious: I found a lot of questions similar to mine but I can't figure it out for my own data. I have a data frame that looks like this: A <- c(1,6) B <- c(2,7) C <- c(3,8) D <- c(4,9) E <- c(5,0) df <- data.frame(A,B,C,D,E) df A B C D E 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 6 7 8 9 0 And I need this: df X1 A 1 A 6 B 2 B 7 C 3 C 8 D 4 D 9 E 5 E 0 Thanks!

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• Combine Arbitrary number of polygons together

  - by Jakobud

  I have an arbitrary number of polygons (hexes in this case) that are arranged randomly, but they are all touching another hex. Each individual hex has 6 x,y vertices. The vertex's are known for all the hexes. Can anyone point me in the direction of an algorithm that will combine all the hexes into a single polygon? Essentially I'm just looking for a function that spits out an array of vertex locations that are ordered in a way that when drawing lines from one to the next, it forms the polygon. This is my method so far: Create array of all the vertices for all the hexes. Determine the number of times a vertex occurs in the array If vertex is in the array 3+ times, delete the vertices from the array. If vertex is in the array 2 times, delete one of them. The next step is tricky though. I'm using canvas to draw out these polygons, which essentially involves drawing a line from one vertex to the next. So the order of the vertices in the final array is important. It can't be sorted arbitrarily. Also, I'm not looking for a "convex hull" algorithm, as that would not draw the polygon correctly. Are there any functions out there that do something like this? Am I on the right track or is there a better more efficient way?

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• Ordering by number of rows?

  - by Rob

  Alright, so I have a table outputting data from a MySQL table in a while loop. Well one of the columns it outputs isn't stored statically in the table, instead it's the sum of how many times it appears in a different MySQL table. Sorry I'm not sure this is easy to understand. Here's my code: $query="SELECT * FROM list WHERE added='$addedby' ORDER BY time DESC"; $result=mysql_query($query); while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)){ $loghwid = $row['hwid']; $sql="SELECT * FROM logs WHERE hwid='$loghwid' AND time < now() + interval 1 hour"; $query = mysql_query($sql) OR DIE(mysql_error()); $boots = mysql_num_rows($query); //Display the table } The above is the code displaying the table. As you can see it's grabbing data from two different MySQL tables. However I want to be able to ORDER BY $boots DESC. But as its a counting of a completely different table, I have no idea of how to go about doing that. I would appreciate any help, thank you.

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• Collision Detection, player correction

  - by DoomStone

  I am having some problems with collision detection, I have 2 types of objects excluding the player. Tiles and what I call MapObjects. The tiles are all 16x16, where the MapObjects can be any size, but in my case they are all 16x16. When my player runs along the mapobjects or tiles, it get verry jaggy. The player is unable to move right, and will get warped forward when moving left. I have found the problem, and that is my collision detection will move the player left/right if colliding the object from the side, and up/down if collision from up/down. Now imagine that my player is sitting on 2 tiles, at (10,12) and (11,12), and the player is mostly standing on the (11,12) tile. The collision detection will first run on then (10,12) tile, it calculates the collision depth, and finds that is is a collision from the side, and therefore move the object to the right. After, it will do the collision detection with (11,12) and it will move the character up. So the player will not fall down, but are unable to move right. And when moving left, the same problem will make the player warp forward. This problem have been bugging me for a few days now, and I just can't find a solution! Here is my code that does the collision detection. public void ApplyObjectCollision(IPhysicsObject obj, List<IComponent> mapObjects, TileMap map) { PhysicsVariables physicsVars = GetPhysicsVariables(); Rectangle bounds = ((IComponent)obj).GetBound(); int leftTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Left / map.GetTileSize()); int rightTile = (int)Math.Ceiling(((float)bounds.Right / map.GetTileSize())) - 1; int topTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)bounds.Top / map.GetTileSize()); int bottomTile = (int)Math.Ceiling(((float)bounds.Bottom / map.GetTileSize())) - 1; // Reset flag to search for ground collision. obj.IsOnGround = false; // For each potentially colliding tile, for (int y = topTile; y <= bottomTile; ++y) { for (int x = leftTile; x <= rightTile; ++x) { IComponent tile = map.Get(x, y); if (tile != null) { bounds = HandelCollision(obj, tile, bounds, physicsVars); } } } // Handel collision for all Moving objects foreach (IComponent mo in mapObjects) { if (mo == obj) continue; if (mo.GetBound().Intersects(((IComponent)obj).GetBound())) { bounds = HandelCollision(obj, mo, bounds, physicsVars); } } } private Rectangle HandelCollision(IPhysicsObject obj, IComponent objb, Rectangle bounds, PhysicsVaraibales physicsVars) { // If this tile is collidable, SpriteCollision collision = ((IComponent)objb).GetCollisionType(); if (collision != SpriteCollision.Passable) { // Determine collision depth (with direction) and magnitude. Rectangle tileBounds = ((IComponent)objb).GetBound(); Vector2 depth = bounds.GetIntersectionDepth(tileBounds); if (depth != Vector2.Zero) { float absDepthX = Math.Abs(depth.X); float absDepthY = Math.Abs(depth.Y); // Resolve the collision along the shallow axis. if (absDepthY <= absDepthX || collision == SpriteCollision.Platform) { // If we crossed the top of a tile, we are on the ground. if (obj.PreviousBound.Bottom <= tileBounds.Top) obj.IsOnGround = true; // Ignore platforms, unless we are on the ground. if (collision == SpriteCollision.Impassable || obj.IsOnGround) { // Resolve the collision along the Y axis. ((IComponent)obj).Position = new Vector2(((IComponent)obj).Position.X, ((IComponent)obj).Position.Y + depth.Y); // If we hit something about us, remove all velosity upwards if (depth.Y > 0 && obj.IsJumping) { obj.Velocity = new Vector2(obj.Velocity.X, 0); obj.JumpTime = physicsVars.MaxJumpTime; } // Perform further collisions with the new bounds. return ((IComponent)obj).GetBound(); } } else if (collision == SpriteCollision.Impassable) // Ignore platforms. { // Resolve the collision along the X axis. ((IComponent)obj).Position = new Vector2(((IComponent)obj).Position.X + depth.X, ((IComponent)obj).Position.Y); // Perform further collisions with the new bounds. return ((IComponent)obj).GetBound(); } } } return bounds; } Update: I have uploaded the source code, if you want to look that through. I think that my general approach might be wrong when i am working with small tiles, I have also be unable to find any good information on physics and collision detection in Platform games. http://dl.dropbox.com/u/3181816/Sogaard.Games.SuperMario.rar

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• Getting Serial Number of the Hard Drive Provided by the manufacturer through PHP

  - by dta

  Getting Serial Number of the Hard Drive Provided by the manufacturer through PHP : How can it be done? I want to store it in a file. OS : windows 2000,XP,ME,Vista... Yes, I want the serial number of the hard drive of the Server. Or can it be done through Adobe AIR? Or can it be done through a C program on Windows? C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>dir Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is BC16-5D5F Is this number : BC16-5d5f unique for a hard drive? How is it different from the manufacturer given serial number? This command **wmic DISKDRIVE GET SerialNumber** Displays only the following text on my Vista Machine : SerialNumber On my XP machine, the command is unrecognized

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• C++: compute a number's complement and its number of possible mismatches

  - by Eagle

  I got a bit stuck with my algorithm and I need some help to solve my problem. I think an example would explain better my problem. Assuming: d = 4 (maximum number of allowed bits in a number, 2^4-1=15). m_max = 1 (maximum number of allowed bits mismatches). kappa = (maximum number of elements to find for a given d and m, where m in m_max) The main idea is for a given number, x, to compute its complement number (in binary base) and all the possible combinations for up to m_max mismatches from x complement's number. Now the program start to scan from i = 0 till 15. for i = 0 and m = 0, kappa = \binom{d}{0} = 1 (this called a perfect match) possible combinations in bits, is only 1111 (for 0: 0000). for i = 0 and m = 1, kappa = \binom{d}{1} = 4 (one mismatch) possible combinations in bits are: 1000, 0100, 0010 and 0001 My problem was to generalize it to general d and m. I wrote the following code: #include <stdlib.h> #include <iomanip> #include <boost/math/special_functions/binomial.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <stdint.h> #include <vector> namespace vec { typedef std::vector<unsigned int> uint_1d_vec_t; } int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { int counter, d, m; unsigned num_combination, bits_mask, bit_mask, max_num_mismatch; uint_1d_vec_t kappa; d = 4; m = 2; bits_mask = 2^num_bits - 1; for ( unsigned i = 0 ; i < num_elemets ; i++ ) { counter = 0; for ( unsigned m = 0 ; m < max_num_mismatch ; m++ ) { // maximum number of allowed combinations num_combination = boost::math::binomial_coefficient<double>( static_cast<unsigned>( d ), static_cast<unsigned>(m) ); kappa.push_back( num_combination ); for ( unsigned j = 0 ; j < kappa.at(m) ; j++ ) { if ( m == 0 ) v[i][counter++] = i^bits_mask; // M_0 else { bit_mask = 1 << ( num_bits - j ); v[i][counter++] = v[i][0] ^ bits_mask } } } } return 0; } I got stuck in the line v[i][counter++] = v[i][0] ^ bits_mask since I was unable to generalize my algorithm to m_max1, since I needed for m_max mismatches m_max loops and in my original problem, m is unknown until runtime.

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• Tile Engine - Procedural generation, Data structures, Rendering methods - A lot of effort question!

  - by Trixmix

  Isometric Tile and GameObject rendering. To achive the desired looking game I need to take into consideration which tiles need to be drawn first and which last. What I used is a Object that is TileRenderQueue that you would give it a tile list and it will give you a queue on which ones to draw based on their Z coordinate, so that if the Z is higher then it needs to be drawn last. Now if you read above you would know that I want the location data to instead of being stored in the tile instance i want it to be that the index in the array is the location. and then maybe based on the array i could draw the tiles instead of taking a long time in for looping and ordering them by Z. This is the hardest part for me. It's hard for me to find a simple solution to the which one to draw when problem. Also there is the fact that if the X is larger than the gameobject where the X is larger needs to be drawn over the rest of the tiles and so on. Here is an example: All the parts work together to create an efficient engine so its important to me that you would answer all of the parts. I hope you will work on the answers hard just as much that I worked on this question! If there is any unclear part tell me so in the comments! Thanks for the help!

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• Custom Content Pipeline with Automatic Serialization Load Error

  - by Direweasel

  I'm running into this error: Error loading "desert". Cannot find type TiledLib.MapContent, TiledLib, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null. at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.InstantiateTypeReader(String readerTypeName, ContentReader contentReader, ContentTypeReader& reader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.GetTypeReader(String readerTypeName, ContentReader contentReader, List1& newTypeReaders) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.ReadTypeManifest(Int32 typeCount, ContentReader contentReader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadHeader() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadAsset[T]() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.ReadAsset[T](String assetName, Action1 recordDisposableObject) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.Load[T](String assetName) at TiledTest.Game1.LoadContent() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 51 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at TiledTest.Game1.Initialize() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 39 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.RunGame(Boolean useBlockingRun) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at TiledTest.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Program.cs:line 15 When trying to run the game. This is a basic demo to try and utilize a separate project library called TiledLib. I have four projects overall: TiledLib (C# Class Library) TiledTest (Windows Game) TiledTestContent (Content) TMX CP Ext (Content Pipeline Extension Library) TiledLib contains MapContent which is throwing the error, however I believe this may just be a generic error with a deeper root problem. EMX CP Ext contains one file: MapProcessor.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using TiledLib; namespace TMX_CP_Ext { // Each tile has a texture, source rect, and sprite effects. [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("TiledTest.Tile, TiledTest")] public class DemoMapTileContent { public ExternalReference<Texture2DContent> Texture; public Rectangle SourceRectangle; public SpriteEffects SpriteEffects; } // For each layer, we store the size of the layer and the tiles. [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("TiledTest.Layer, TiledTest")] public class DemoMapLayerContent { public int Width; public int Height; public DemoMapTileContent[] Tiles; } // For the map itself, we just store the size, tile size, and a list of layers. [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("TiledTest.Map, TiledTest")] public class DemoMapContent { public int TileWidth; public int TileHeight; public List<DemoMapLayerContent> Layers = new List<DemoMapLayerContent>(); } [ContentProcessor(DisplayName = "TMX Processor - TiledLib")] public class MapProcessor : ContentProcessor<MapContent, DemoMapContent> { public override DemoMapContent Process(MapContent input, ContentProcessorContext context) { // build the textures TiledHelpers.BuildTileSetTextures(input, context); // generate source rectangles TiledHelpers.GenerateTileSourceRectangles(input); // now build our output, first by just copying over some data DemoMapContent output = new DemoMapContent { TileWidth = input.TileWidth, TileHeight = input.TileHeight }; // iterate all the layers of the input foreach (LayerContent layer in input.Layers) { // we only care about tile layers in our demo TileLayerContent tlc = layer as TileLayerContent; if (tlc != null) { // create the new layer DemoMapLayerContent outLayer = new DemoMapLayerContent { Width = tlc.Width, Height = tlc.Height, }; // we need to build up our tile list now outLayer.Tiles = new DemoMapTileContent[tlc.Data.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < tlc.Data.Length; i++) { // get the ID of the tile uint tileID = tlc.Data[i]; // use that to get the actual index as well as the SpriteEffects int tileIndex; SpriteEffects spriteEffects; TiledHelpers.DecodeTileID(tileID, out tileIndex, out spriteEffects); // figure out which tile set has this tile index in it and grab // the texture reference and source rectangle. ExternalReference<Texture2DContent> textureContent = null; Rectangle sourceRect = new Rectangle(); // iterate all the tile sets foreach (var tileSet in input.TileSets) { // if our tile index is in this set if (tileIndex - tileSet.FirstId < tileSet.Tiles.Count) { // store the texture content and source rectangle textureContent = tileSet.Texture; sourceRect = tileSet.Tiles[(int)(tileIndex - tileSet.FirstId)].Source; // and break out of the foreach loop break; } } // now insert the tile into our output outLayer.Tiles[i] = new DemoMapTileContent { Texture = textureContent, SourceRectangle = sourceRect, SpriteEffects = spriteEffects }; } // add the layer to our output output.Layers.Add(outLayer); } } // return the output object. because we have ContentSerializerRuntimeType attributes on our // objects, we don't need a ContentTypeWriter and can just use the automatic serialization. return output; } } } TiledLib contains a large amount of files including MapContent.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Globalization; using System.Xml; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline; namespace TiledLib { public enum Orientation : byte { Orthogonal, Isometric, } public class MapContent { public string Filename; public string Directory; public string Version = string.Empty; public Orientation Orientation; public int Width; public int Height; public int TileWidth; public int TileHeight; public PropertyCollection Properties = new PropertyCollection(); public List<TileSetContent> TileSets = new List<TileSetContent>(); public List<LayerContent> Layers = new List<LayerContent>(); public MapContent(XmlDocument document, ContentImporterContext context) { XmlNode mapNode = document["map"]; Version = mapNode.Attributes["version"].Value; Orientation = (Orientation)Enum.Parse(typeof(Orientation), mapNode.Attributes["orientation"].Value, true); Width = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["width"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); Height = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["height"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); TileWidth = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["tilewidth"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); TileHeight = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["tileheight"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); XmlNode propertiesNode = document.SelectSingleNode("map/properties"); if (propertiesNode != null) { Properties = new PropertyCollection(propertiesNode, context); } foreach (XmlNode tileSet in document.SelectNodes("map/tileset")) { if (tileSet.Attributes["source"] != null) { TileSets.Add(new ExternalTileSetContent(tileSet, context)); } else { TileSets.Add(new TileSetContent(tileSet, context)); } } foreach (XmlNode layerNode in document.SelectNodes("map/layer|map/objectgroup")) { LayerContent layerContent; if (layerNode.Name == "layer") { layerContent = new TileLayerContent(layerNode, context); } else if (layerNode.Name == "objectgroup") { layerContent = new MapObjectLayerContent(layerNode, context); } else { throw new Exception("Unknown layer name: " + layerNode.Name); } // Layer names need to be unique for our lookup system, but Tiled // doesn't require unique names. string layerName = layerContent.Name; int duplicateCount = 2; // if a layer already has the same name... if (Layers.Find(l => l.Name == layerName) != null) { // figure out a layer name that does work do { layerName = string.Format("{0}{1}", layerContent.Name, duplicateCount); duplicateCount++; } while (Layers.Find(l => l.Name == layerName) != null); // log a warning for the user to see context.Logger.LogWarning(string.Empty, new ContentIdentity(), "Renaming layer \"{1}\" to \"{2}\" to make a unique name.", layerContent.Type, layerContent.Name, layerName); // save that name layerContent.Name = layerName; } Layers.Add(layerContent); } } } } I'm lost as to why this is failing. Thoughts? -- EDIT -- After playing with it a bit, I would think it has something to do with referencing the projects. I'm already referencing the TiledLib within my main windows project (TiledTest). However, this doesn't seem to make a difference. I can place the dll generated from the TiledLib project into the debug folder of TiledTest, and this causes it to generate a different error: Error loading "desert". Cannot find ContentTypeReader for Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.ExternalReference`1[Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics.Texture2DContent]. at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.GetTypeReader(Type targetType, ContentReader contentReader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.GetTypeReader(Type targetType) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ReflectiveReaderMemberHelper..ctor(ContentTypeReaderManager manager, FieldInfo fieldInfo, PropertyInfo propertyInfo, Type memberType, Boolean canWrite) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ReflectiveReaderMemberHelper.TryCreate(ContentTypeReaderManager manager, Type declaringType, FieldInfo fieldInfo) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ReflectiveReader1.Initialize(ContentTypeReaderManager manager) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.ReadTypeManifest(Int32 typeCount, ContentReader contentReader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadHeader() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadAsset[T]() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.ReadAsset[T](String assetName, Action1 recordDisposableObject) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.Load[T](String assetName) at TiledTest.Game1.LoadContent() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 51 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at TiledTest.Game1.Initialize() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 39 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.RunGame(Boolean useBlockingRun) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at TiledTest.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Program.cs:line 15 This is all incredibly frustrating as the demo doesn't appear to have any special linking properties. The TiledLib I am utilizing is from Nick Gravelyn, and can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/nickgravelyn/tiledlib. The demo it comes with works fine, and yet in recreating I always run into this error.

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• Row Number Transformation

  The Row Number Transformation calculates a row number for each row, and adds this as a new output column to the data flow. The column number is a sequential number, based on a seed value. Each row receives the next number in the sequence, based on the defined increment value. The final row number can be stored in a variable for later analysis, and can be used as part of a process to validate the integrity of the data movement. The Row Number transform has a variety of uses, such as generating surrogate keys, or as the basis for a data partitioning scheme when combined with the Conditional Split transformation. Properties Property Data Type Description Seed Int32 The first row number or seed value. Increment Int32 The value added to the previous row number to make the next row number. OutputVariable String The name of the variable into which the final row number is written post execution. (Optional). The three properties have been configured to support expressions, or they can set directly in the normal manner. Expressions on components are only visible on the hosting Data Flow task, not at the individual component level. Sometimes the data type of the property is incorrectly set when the properties are created, see the Troubleshooting section below for details on how to fix this. Installation The component is provided as an MSI file which you can download and run to install it. This simply places the files on disk in the correct locations and also installs the assemblies in the Global Assembly Cache as per Microsoft’s recommendations. You may need to restart the SQL Server Integration Services service, as this caches information about what components are installed, as well as restarting any open instances of Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) / Visual Studio that you may be using to build your SSIS packages. For 2005/2008 Only - Finally you will have to add the transformation to the Visual Studio toolbox manually. Right-click the toolbox, and select Choose Items.... Select the SSIS Data Flow Items tab, and then check the Row Number transformation in the Choose Toolbox Items window. This process has been described in detail in the related FAQ entry for How do I install a task or transform component? We recommend you follow best practice and apply the current Microsoft SQL Server Service pack to your SQL Server servers and workstations, and this component requires a minimum of SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 1. Downloads The Row Number Transformation  is available for SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008 (includes R2) and SQL Server 2012. Please choose the version to match your SQL Server version, or you can install multiple versions and use them side by side if you have more than one version of SQL Server installed. Row Number Transformation for SQL Server 2005 Row Number Transformation for SQL Server 2008 Row Number Transformation for SQL Server 2012 Version History SQL Server 2012 Version 3.0.0.6 - SQL Server 2012 release. Includes upgrade support for both 2005 and 2008 packages to 2012. (5 Jun 2012) SQL Server 2008 Version 2.0.0.5 - SQL Server 2008 release. (15 Oct 2008) SQL Server 2005 Version 1.2.0.34 – Updated installer. (25 Jun 2008) Version 1.2.0.7 - SQL Server 2005 RTM Refresh. SP1 Compatibility Testing. Added the ability to reuse an existing column to hold the generated row number, as an alternative to the default of adding a new column to the output. (18 Jun 2006) Version 1.2.0.7 - SQL Server 2005 RTM Refresh. SP1 Compatibility Testing. Added the ability to reuse an existing column to hold the generated row number, as an alternative to the default of adding a new column to the output. (18 Jun 2006) Version 1.0.0.0 - Public Release for SQL Server 2005 IDW 15 June CTP (29 Aug 2005) Screenshot Code Sample The following code sample demonstrates using the Data Generator Source and Row Number Transformation programmatically in a very simple package. Package package = new Package(); package.Name = "Data Generator & Row Number"; // Add the Data Flow Task Executable taskExecutable = package.Executables.Add("STOCK:PipelineTask"); // Get the task host wrapper, and the Data Flow task TaskHost taskHost = taskExecutable as TaskHost; MainPipe dataFlowTask = (MainPipe)taskHost.InnerObject; // Add Data Generator Source IDTSComponentMetaData100 componentSource = dataFlowTask.ComponentMetaDataCollection.New(); componentSource.Name = "Data Generator"; componentSource.ComponentClassID = "Konesans.Dts.Pipeline.DataGenerator.DataGenerator, Konesans.Dts.Pipeline.DataGenerator, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b2ab4a111192992b"; CManagedComponentWrapper instanceSource = componentSource.Instantiate(); instanceSource.ProvideComponentProperties(); instanceSource.SetComponentProperty("RowCount", 10000); // Add Row Number Tx IDTSComponentMetaData100 componentRowNumber = dataFlowTask.ComponentMetaDataCollection.New(); componentRowNumber.Name = "FlatFileDestination"; componentRowNumber.ComponentClassID = "Konesans.Dts.Pipeline.RowNumberTransform.RowNumberTransform, Konesans.Dts.Pipeline.RowNumberTransform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b2ab4a111192992b"; CManagedComponentWrapper instanceRowNumber = componentRowNumber.Instantiate(); instanceRowNumber.ProvideComponentProperties(); instanceRowNumber.SetComponentProperty("Increment", 10); // Connect the two components together IDTSPath100 path = dataFlowTask.PathCollection.New(); path.AttachPathAndPropagateNotifications(componentSource.OutputCollection[0], componentRowNumber.InputCollection[0]); #if DEBUG // Save package to disk, DEBUG only new Application().SaveToXml(String.Format(@"C:\Temp\{0}.dtsx", package.Name), package, null); #endif package.Execute(); foreach (DtsError error in package.Errors) { Console.WriteLine("ErrorCode : {0}", error.ErrorCode); Console.WriteLine(" SubComponent : {0}", error.SubComponent); Console.WriteLine(" Description : {0}", error.Description); } package.Dispose(); Troubleshooting Make sure you have downloaded the version that matches your version of SQL Server. We offer separate downloads for SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008 and SQL Server 2012. If you get an error when you try and use the component along the lines of The component could not be added to the Data Flow task. Please verify that this component is properly installed.  ... The data flow object "Konesans ..." is not installed correctly on this computer, this usually indicates that the internal cache of SSIS components needs to be updated. This is held by the SSIS service, so you need restart the the SQL Server Integration Services service. You can do this from the Services applet in Control Panel or Administrative Tools in Windows. You can also restart the computer if you prefer. You may also need to restart any current instances of Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) / Visual Studio that you may be using to build your SSIS packages. Once installation is complete you need to manually add the task to the toolbox before you will see it and to be able add it to packages - How do I install a task or transform component? Please also make sure you have installed a minimum of SP1 for SQL 2005. The IDtsPipelineEnvironmentService was added in SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 1 (SP1) (See  http://support.microsoft.com/kb/916940). If you get an error Could not load type 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Design.IDtsPipelineEnvironmentService' from assembly 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Design, Version=9.0.242.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91'. when trying to open the user interface, it implies that your development machine has not had SP1 applied. Very occasionally we get a problem to do with the properties not being created with the correct data type. Since there is no way to programmatically to define the data type of a pipeline component property, it can only infer it. Whilst we set an integer value as we create the property, sometimes SSIS decides to define it is a decimal. This is often highlighted when you use a property expression against the property and get an error similar to Cannot convert System.Int32 to System.Decimal. Unfortunately this is beyond our control and there appears to be no pattern as to when this happens. If you do have more information we would be happy to hear it. To fix this issue you can manually edit the package file. In Visual Studio right click the package file from the Solution Explorer and select View Code, which will open the package as raw XML. You can now search for the properties by name or the component name. You can then change the incorrect property data types highlighted below from Decimal to Int32. <component id="37" name="Row Number Transformation" componentClassID="{BF01D463-7089-41EE-8F05-0A6DC17CE633}" … >     <properties>         <property id="38" name="UserComponentTypeName" …>         <property id="41" name="Seed" dataType="System.Int32" ...>10</property>         <property id="42" name="Increment" dataType="System.Decimal" ...>10</property>         ... If you are still having issues then contact us, but please provide as much detail as possible about error, as well as which version of the the task you are using and details of the SSIS tools installed.

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• Tiled Editor: How is this Map Handling Collision?

  - by user2736286

  BrowserQuest map in question. From what I understand, with tiled, there are two main ways to specify collision: Create an object layer, and interpret the shapes in the engine as collision objects. Create a tiled layer, and make all tiles in the layer have a collision property, and interpret all tiles in the layer as collision objects. I'm using BrowserQuest as a big source of inspiration for my project, and I want to know how they handled collision on the level editing side. I've checked through all their layers, expecting an object layer to be handling cliff collision like: But there are no such object layers to be found. Furthermore, the tile layers containing the tiles for such cliffs have no properties at all, meaning that they didn't just specify "collision" for such tile layers. I especially need to know how they handled less rectangular shapes like: I could imagine that they are not using explicit collision layers, but instead determining collision in the actual engine, based off the presence of specific tile layer sprites. Only because BrowserQuest has whole-tile movement, and it wouldn't look too odd if a small apple, taking up only a fraction of the tile size, prevents movement over that entire tile. But I'm creating a game with more precise movement, so collision has to be tight to the apple, and I really want to know how BrowserQuest approached collision defining. If anyone knowledgeable with Tiled could take a quick look at the map, I'd appreciate it! I'm tearing my hair out here :). Thanks

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