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  • Now that Apple's intending to deprecate Java on OS X, what language should I focus on?

    - by Smalltown2000
    After getting shot down on SO, I'll try this here: I'm sure you'll all know of Apple's recent announcement to deprecate Java on OS X (such as discussed here). I've recently come back to programming in the last year or so since I originally learnt on ye olde BASIC many years ago. I have a Mac at home and a PC at work and whilst I have got Windows and Ubuntu installed on my Mac as VMs, I chose to focus my "relearning" on VB first (as it was closest to BASIC) and then rapidly moved to Java as it was cross platform (with minimal effort) and so it was easiest to work on code from both OSes. So my question, if the winds of change on Mac are blowing away from Java and in this post-Sun era, what would be the best language to focus my new efforts on? Please note, this isn't a general "which language is better?" thread and or an opportunity for the associated flame-war. There's plenty of those and it's not the point. I realise that in the long term one shouldn't be allegiant to an individual language so, taking this as an excuse, the question is specifically which is going to be the most quick to be productive on given the background whilst bearing in mind minimum portability rewrites (aspiration rather then requirement) and with a long term value of usage. To that I see the main options as: C# - Closest in "style" to Java but M$ dependent (unless you consider Mono of course) C++ - Hugely complex but if even slightly conquered, then a win? Is it worth the climb up the learning curve? VB.Net - Already have background so easiest to go back to but who uses VB for .Net these days? Surely if using a CLI language I should use C#... Python - Cross-platform but what about UI for the end-user? EDIT: As a usage priority, I envision desktop application programming. Though the ability to branch in the future is always desirable. I guess graphics are the next direction once basics are in place.

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  • Removing Left Recursion in ANTLR

    - by prosseek
    As is explained in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2652060/removing-left-recursion , there are two ways to remove the left recursion. Modify the original grammar to remove the left recursion using some procedure Write the grammar originally not to have the left recursion What people normally use for removing (not having) the left recursion with ANTLR? I've used flex/bison for parser, but I need to use ANTLR. The only thing I'm concerned about using ANTLR (or LL parser in genearal) is left recursion removal. In practical sense, how serious of removing left recursion in ANTLR? Is this a showstopper in using ANTLR? Or, nobody cares about it in ANTLR community? I like the idea of AST generation of ANTLR. In terms of getting AST quick and easy way, which method (out of the 2 removing left recursion methods) is preferable?

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  • Boosting my GA with Neural Networks and/or Reinforcement Learning

    - by AlexT
    As I have mentioned in previous questions I am writing a maze solving application to help me learn about more theoretical CS subjects, after some trouble I've got a Genetic Algorithm working that can evolve a set of rules (handled by boolean values) in order to find a good solution through a maze. That being said, the GA alone is okay, but I'd like to beef it up with a Neural Network, even though I have no real working knowledge of Neural Networks (no formal theoretical CS education). After doing a bit of reading on the subject I found that a Neural Network could be used to train a genome in order to improve results. Let's say I have a genome (group of genes), such as 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0... How could I use a Neural Network (I'm assuming MLP?) to train and improve my genome? In addition to this as I know nothing about Neural Networks I've been looking into implementing some form of Reinforcement Learning, using my maze matrix (2 dimensional array), although I'm a bit stuck on what the following algorithm wants from me: (from http://people.revoledu.com/kardi/tutorial/ReinforcementLearning/Q-Learning-Algorithm.htm) 1. Set parameter , and environment reward matrix R 2. Initialize matrix Q as zero matrix 3. For each episode: * Select random initial state * Do while not reach goal state o Select one among all possible actions for the current state o Using this possible action, consider to go to the next state o Get maximum Q value of this next state based on all possible actions o Compute o Set the next state as the current state End Do End For The big problem for me is implementing a reward matrix R and what a Q matrix exactly is, and getting the Q value. I use a multi-dimensional array for my maze and enum states for every move. How would this be used in a Q-Learning algorithm? If someone could help out by explaining what I would need to do to implement the following, preferably in Java although C# would be nice too, possibly with some source code examples it'd be appreciated.

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  • General Purpose Language to build a compiler for

    - by Brownie
    Inspired by Eric Sink's interview on the stackoverflow podcast I would like to build a full compiler in my spare time for the learning experience. My initial thought was to build a C compiler but I'm not sure whether it would take too much time. I am wondering if there is a smaller general purpose language that would be more appropriate to implement as a first compiler effort? Or is a C implementation doable on a reasonable timescale (200 hrs)? It is my intention to target the CLR.

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  • Shift-reduce: when to stop reducing?

    - by Joey Adams
    I'm trying to learn about shift-reduce parsing. Suppose we have the following grammar, using recursive rules that enforce order of operations, inspired by the ANSI C Yacc grammar: S: A; P : NUMBER | '(' S ')' ; M : P | M '*' P | M '/' P ; A : M | A '+' M | A '-' M ; And we want to parse 1+2 using shift-reduce parsing. First, the 1 is shifted as a NUMBER. My question is, is it then reduced to P, then M, then A, then finally S? How does it know where to stop? Suppose it does reduce all the way to S, then shifts '+'. We'd now have a stack containing: S '+' If we shift '2', the reductions might be: S '+' NUMBER S '+' P S '+' M S '+' A S '+' S Now, on either side of the last line, S could be P, M, A, or NUMBER, and it would still be valid in the sense that any combination would be a correct representation of the text. How does the parser "know" to make it A '+' M So that it can reduce the whole expression to A, then S? In other words, how does it know to stop reducing before shifting the next token? Is this a key difficulty in LR parser generation?

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  • Finding perfect numbers in C# (optimization)

    - by paradox
    I coded up a program in C# to find perfect numbers within a certain range as part of a programming challenge . However, I realized it is very slow when calculating perfect numbers upwards of 10000. Are there any methods of optimization that exist for finding perfect numbers? My code is as follows: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; namespace ConsoleTest { class Program { public static List<int> FindDivisors(int inputNo) { List<int> Divisors = new List<int>(); for (int i = 1; i<inputNo; i++) { if (inputNo%i==0) Divisors.Add(i); } return Divisors; } public static void Main(string[] args) { const int limit = 100000; List<int> PerfectNumbers = new List<int>(); List<int> Divisors=new List<int>(); for (int i=1; i<limit; i++) { Divisors = FindDivisors(i); if (i==Divisors.Sum()) PerfectNumbers.Add(i); } Console.Write("Output ="); for (int i=0; i<PerfectNumbers.Count; i++) { Console.Write(" {0} ",PerfectNumbers[i]); } Console.Write("\n\n\nPress any key to continue . . . "); Console.ReadKey(true); } } }

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  • javascript error "invalid XML attribute value <script language=JavaScript>\n"

    - by kmunky
    i have some javascript files included in my html file for months. It used to work just fine until couple of days ago, now my scripts don't run anymore and i get javascript error "invalid XML attribute value <script language=JavaScript>\n" with firebug. Does anyone know what this error means and how to get rid of it? i guess is something about that newline "\n" but i can't see that in my file if i open it.

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  • Java language features which have no equivalent in C#

    - by jthg
    Having mostly worked with C#, I tend to think in terms of C# features which aren't available in Java. After working extensively with Java over the last year, I've started to discover Java features that I wish were in C#. Below is a list of the ones that I'm aware of. Can anyone think of other Java language features which a person with a C# background may not realize exists? The articles http://www.25hoursaday.com/CsharpVsJava.html and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Java_and_C_Sharp give a very extensive list of differences between Java and C#, but I wonder whether I missed anything in the (very) long articles. I can also think of one feature (covariant return type) which I didn't see mentioned in either article. Please limit answers to language or core library features which can't be effectively implemented by your own custom code or third party libraries. Covariant return type - a method can be overridden by a method which returns a more specific type. Useful when implementing an interface or extending a class and you want a method to override a base method, but return a type more specific to your class. Enums are classes - an enum is a full class in java, rather than a wrapper around a primitive like in .Net. Java allows you to define fields and methods on an enum. Anonymous inner classes - define an anonymous class which implements a method. Although most of the use cases for this in Java are covered by delegates in .Net, there are some cases in which you really need to pass multiple callbacks as a group. It would be nice to have the choice of using an anonymous inner class. Checked exceptions - I can see how this is useful in the context of common designs used with Java applications, but my experience with .Net has put me in a habit of using exceptions only for unrecoverable conditions. I.E. exceptions indicate a bug in the application and are only caught for the purpose of logging. I haven't quite come around to the idea of using exceptions for normal program flow. strictfp - Ensures strict floating point arithmetic. I'm not sure what kind of applications would find this useful. fields in interfaces - It's possible to declare fields in interfaces. I've never used this. static imports - Allows one to use the static methods of a class without qualifying it with the class name. I just realized today that this feature exists. It sounds like a nice convenience.

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  • geocode webservice address parameter written in another language

    - by nicholas
    Dear fellow Programmers, I try to use the following google map webservice in order to locate greek addresses: http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=??ad?µ?a? 16&sensor=false and it does not work. If I hit the same exactly address but written with latin alphabet characters: maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=akadimias 16&sensor=false, it works and returns the right result. Could somebody help with this? (To use this service with greek letters as language parameter) Thank you in advance, Nicholas

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  • How are hash functions like MD5 unique?

    - by Aly
    Im aware that MD5 has had some collisions but this is more of a high level question about hashing functions. If MD5 hashes any arbitrary string into a 32-digit hex value, then according to the Pigeonhole Principle surely this can not be unique as there are more unique arbitrary strings than there are unique 32-digit hex values

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  • What's your take on the programming language Go?

    - by fbrereto
    I've just been told about a new programming language, Go, developed at Google by such notables as Ken Thompson and Rob Pike. Does anyone have any experience with it so far? What are your thoughts about how viable small- and large-scale applications could be developed with it? Relevant links (thanks to Lance Roberts; feel free to update these as necessary): Ars-Technica PC World Google Open Source Blog Tech Talk Video Go Mailing List

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  • generalizing the pumping lemma for UNIX-style regular expressions

    - by Avi
    Most UNIX regular expressions have, besides the usual *,+,? operators a backslash operator where \1,\2,... match whatever's in the last parentheses, so for example L=(a)b\1* matches the (non regular) language a^n b a^n On one hand, this seems to be pretty powerful since you can create (a*)b\1b\1 to match the language a^n b a^n b a^n which can't even be recognized by a stack automaton. On the other hand, I'm pretty sure a^n b^n cannot be expressed this way. Two questions: 1. Is there any literature on this family of languages (UNIX-y regular). In particular, is there a version of the pumping lemma for these? 2. Can someone prove (or perhaps disprove) that a^n b^n cannot be expressed this way? Thanks

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  • Hidden Features of HTML

    - by Binoj Antony
    HTML being the most widely used language (at least as a markup language) has not gotten its due credit. Considering that it has been around for so many years, things like the FORM / INPUT controls have still remained same with no new controls added. So at least from the existing features, do you know any that are not well known but very useful. Of course, this question is along the lines of: Hidden Features of JavaScript Hidden Features of CSS Hidden Features of C# Hidden Features of VB.NET Hidden Features of Java Hidden Features of ASP.NET Hidden Features of Python Hidden Features of TextPad Hidden Features of Eclipse Do not mention features of HTML 5.0, since it is in working draft Please specify one feature per answer.

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