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  • I have a Segmentation fault (core dumped) when using strcpy, malloc, and struct

    - by malsh002
    Okay, when I run this code, I have a segmentation fault #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #define MAX 64 struct example { char *name; }; int main() { struct example *s = malloc (MAX); strcpy(s->name ,"Hello World!!"); return !printf("%s\n", s->name); } the terminal output: alshamlan@alshamlan-VGN-CR520E:/tmp/interview$ make q1 cc -Wall -g q1.c -o q1 alshamlan@alshamlan-VGN-CR520E:/tmp/interview$ ./q1 Segmentation fault (core dumped) alshamlan@alshamlan-VGN-CR520E:/tmp/interview$ gedit q1.c Can someone explain what's going on? thanks.

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  • bool - 255 value

    - by user994165
    I have this function defined: struct heap_validation { size_t num_alloc; size_t num_alloc_sz; struct memory *mem; }; ... bool get_isallocated(struct metadata_record *); When I call the heap_validation function from hashtable_traverse and print the result, I've gotten the following values: 0,255 ,246 void hashtable_traverse(struct metadata_record *metarec, struct heap_validation *heap_val) { printf("get_isallocated(metarec): %d\n",get_isallocated(metarec)); bool retrieved = false; bool allocated = get_isallocated(metarec); if (allocated) { heap_val->num_alloc += 1; I also tried with %d and I get the same result.

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  • Equivalent of %02d with std::stringstream?

    - by Andreas Brinck
    I wan't to output an integer to a std::stringstream with the equivalent format of printf's %02d. Is there an easier way to achieve this than: std::stringstream stream; stream.setfill('0'); stream.setw(2); stream << value; Is it possible to stream some sort of format flags to the stringstream, something like (pseudocode): stream << flags("%02d") << value;

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  • On configuring GC 10.2.0.5 to monitor LISTENER SCAN using UDMs ...

    - by [email protected]
    Hi,Looks like Grid Control 10.2.0.5 is not fully prepared for monitoringthe Grid Infrastructure (11gR2).Even I'm pretty sure the upcoming version of GC (11g) will of course support all the new features of 11gR2, some customersare asking for some "hand-made" procedures for monitoring all the new stuff.I think one of the most critical components that cant be monitored are the LISTENER SCAN, so I have developed a little script for doing sousing the GC User Defined Metrics ( at host level )I am more than happy to share with you:#!/bin/ksh   ###    NAME###     monitor_scan.sh######    DESCRIPTION###      SCAN Listener monitoring######    RETURNS######    NOTES######    MODIFIED           (DD/MM/YY)###      Oracle            25/03/10     - Creation###export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/soft/11.2/gridRSC_KEY=$1AWK=/sbin/awk   LISTENER_DOWN_COUNT=$(${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/crsctl status resource -w 'TYPE = ora.scan_listener.type' | grep OFFLINE | wc -l)if [ ${LISTENER_DOWN_COUNT} != 0 ]; then  SCAN_DOWN_LIST=$(${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/crsctl status resource  -w 'TYPE = ora.scan_listener.type' | $AWK \ 'BEGIN { FS="="; state = 0; }  $1~/NAME/ && $2~/'$RSC_KEY'/ {appname = $2; state=1};  state == 0 {next;}  $1~/TARGET/ && state == 1 {apptarget = $2; state=2;}  $1~/STATE/ && state == 2 {appstate = $2; state=3;}  state == 3 {printf "%-45s %-10s %-18s\n", appname, apptarget, appstate; state=0;}' | grep OFFLINE | awk '{ print $1 }')  echo em_result=ALERT  echo em_message=There are LISTENER SCAN with down status: [${SCAN_DOWN_LIST}]else  echo em_result=NORMAL  echo em_message=All SCAN Listener are UPfiHope it helpsL

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  • gcc segmentation fault on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by Yuval F
    I am trying to compile a C program on Ubuntu precise 12.04. Here's the program: #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { printf("Hello World!"); return 0; } My gcc version is 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5). Initially it did not find cc1 so I added a soft link. Now I get this message when I try to compile: gcc: internal compiler error: Segmentation fault (program cc1) Compiling the same program with g++ works fine. I tried reinstalling build-essential, but to no avail. What am I missing? EDIT: I tried reinstalling according to @gertyvdijk's suggestion. As it did not help, here is the output of apt-cache policy gcc-4.6: gcc-4.6: Installed: 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 Candidate: 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 Version table: *** 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 0 500 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status and the output of ls -l /usr/bin/gcc: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 13 2012 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-4.6 EDIT #2: here's a verbose compiler output: gcc -v aaa.c Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-linux-gnu Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.6 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/cc1 -quiet -v -imultilib . -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu aaa.c -quiet -dumpbase aaa.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase aaa -version -fstack-protector -o /tmp/ccHfcXMs.s gcc: internal compiler error: Segmentation fault (program cc1) Please submit a full bug report, with preprocessed source if appropriate. See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs> for instructions.

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  • Equal Gifts Algorithm Problem

    - by 7Aces
    Problem Link - http://opc.iarcs.org.in/index.php/problems/EQGIFTS It is Lavanya's birthday and several families have been invited for the birthday party. As is customary, all of them have brought gifts for Lavanya as well as her brother Nikhil. Since their friends are all of the erudite kind, everyone has brought a pair of books. Unfortunately, the gift givers did not clearly indicate which book in the pair is for Lavanya and which one is for Nikhil. Now it is up to their father to divide up these books between them. He has decided that from each of these pairs, one book will go to Lavanya and one to Nikhil. Moreover, since Nikhil is quite a keen observer of the value of gifts, the books have to be divided in such a manner that the total value of the books for Lavanya is as close as possible to total value of the books for Nikhil. Since Lavanya and Nikhil are kids, no book that has been gifted will have a value higher than 300 Rupees... For the problem, I couldn't think of anything except recursion. The code I wrote is given below. But the problem is that the code is time-inefficient and gives TLE (Time Limit Exceeded) for 9 out of 10 test cases! What would be a better approach to the problem? Code - #include<cstdio> #include<climits> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; int n,g[150][2]; int diff(int a,int b,int f) { ++f; if(f==n) { if(a>b) { return a-b; } else { return b-a; } } return min(diff(a+g[f][0],b+g[f][1],f),diff(a+g[f][1],b+g[f][0],f)); } int main() { int i; scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;++i) { scanf("%d%d",&g[i][0],&g[i][1]); } printf("%d",diff(g[0][0],g[0][1],0)); } Note - It is just a practice question, & is not part of a competition.

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  • Error compiling GLib in Ubuntu 14.04 (trying to install GimpShop)

    - by Nicolás Salvarrey
    I'm kinda new in Linux, so please take it easy on the most complicated stuff. I'm trying to install GimpShop. Installation guide asks me to install GLib first, and when I try to compile it using the make command I get errors. When I run the ./configure --prefix=/usr command, I get this: checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... mawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking for the BeOS... no checking for Win32... no checking whether to enable garbage collector friendliness... no checking whether to disable memory pools... no checking for gcc... gcc checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking for c++... no checking for g++... no checking for gcc... gcc checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... no checking whether gcc accepts -g... no checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... no checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... no checking for _LARGE_FILES value needed for large files... no checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config checking for gawk... (cached) mawk checking for perl5... no checking for perl... perl checking for indent... no checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl checking for iconv_open... yes checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking for egrep... grep -E checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking locale.h usability... yes checking locale.h presence... yes checking for locale.h... yes checking for LC_MESSAGES... yes checking libintl.h usability... yes checking libintl.h presence... yes checking for libintl.h... yes checking for ngettext in libc... yes checking for dgettext in libc... yes checking for bind_textdomain_codeset... yes checking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmt checking for dcgettext... yes checking for gmsgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmt checking for xgettext... /usr/bin/xgettext checking for catalogs to be installed... am ar az be bg bn bs ca cs cy da de el en_CA en_GB eo es et eu fa fi fr ga gl gu he hi hr id is it ja ko lt lv mk mn ms nb ne nl nn no or pa pl pt pt_BR ro ru sk sl sq sr sr@ije sr@Latn sv ta tl tr uk vi wa xh yi zh_CN zh_TW checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r checking for BSD-compatible nm... /usr/bin/nm -B checking whether ln -s works... yes checking how to recognise dependent libraries... pass_all checking dlfcn.h usability... yes checking dlfcn.h presence... yes checking for dlfcn.h... yes checking for g77... no checking for f77... no checking for xlf... no checking for frt... no checking for pgf77... no checking for fort77... no checking for fl32... no checking for af77... no checking for f90... no checking for xlf90... no checking for pgf90... no checking for epcf90... no checking for f95... no checking for fort... no checking for xlf95... no checking for ifc... no checking for efc... no checking for pgf95... no checking for lf95... no checking for gfortran... no checking whether we are using the GNU Fortran 77 compiler... no checking whether accepts -g... no checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 32768 checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok checking for objdir... .libs checking for ar... ar checking for ranlib... ranlib checking for strip... strip checking if gcc static flag works... yes checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC works... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes checking whether to build shared libraries... yes checking whether to build static libraries... no configure: creating libtool appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool appending configuration tag "F77" to libtool checking for extra flags to get ANSI library prototypes... none needed checking for extra flags for POSIX compliance... none needed checking for ANSI C header files... (cached) yes checking for vprintf... yes checking for _doprnt... no checking for working alloca.h... yes checking for alloca... yes checking for atexit... yes checking for on_exit... yes checking for char... yes checking size of char... 1 checking for short... yes checking size of short... 2 checking for long... yes checking size of long... 8 checking for int... yes checking size of int... 4 checking for void *... yes checking size of void *... 8 checking for long long... yes checking size of long long... 8 checking for __int64... no checking size of __int64... 0 checking for format to printf and scanf a guint64... %llu checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes checking if malloc() and friends prototypes are gmem.h compatible... no checking for growing stack pointer... yes checking for __inline... yes checking for __inline__... yes checking for inline... yes checking if inline functions in headers work... yes checking for ISO C99 varargs macros in C... yes checking for ISO C99 varargs macros in C++... no checking for GNUC varargs macros... yes checking for GNUC visibility attribute... yes checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no checking dirent.h usability... yes checking dirent.h presence... yes checking for dirent.h... yes checking float.h usability... yes checking float.h presence... yes checking for float.h... yes checking limits.h usability... yes checking limits.h presence... yes checking for limits.h... yes checking pwd.h usability... yes checking pwd.h presence... yes checking for pwd.h... yes checking sys/param.h usability... yes checking sys/param.h presence... yes checking for sys/param.h... yes checking sys/poll.h usability... yes checking sys/poll.h presence... yes checking for sys/poll.h... yes checking sys/select.h usability... yes checking sys/select.h presence... yes checking for sys/select.h... yes checking for sys/types.h... (cached) yes checking sys/time.h usability... yes checking sys/time.h presence... yes checking for sys/time.h... yes checking sys/times.h usability... yes checking sys/times.h presence... yes checking for sys/times.h... yes checking for unistd.h... (cached) yes checking values.h usability... yes checking values.h presence... yes checking for values.h... yes checking for stdint.h... (cached) yes checking sched.h usability... yes checking sched.h presence... yes checking for sched.h... yes checking langinfo.h usability... yes checking langinfo.h presence... yes checking for langinfo.h... yes checking for nl_langinfo... yes checking for nl_langinfo and CODESET... yes checking whether we are using the GNU C Library 2.1 or newer... yes checking stddef.h usability... yes checking stddef.h presence... yes checking for stddef.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes checking for string.h... (cached) yes checking for setlocale... yes checking for size_t... yes checking size of size_t... 8 checking for the appropriate definition for size_t... unsigned long checking for lstat... yes checking for strerror... yes checking for strsignal... yes checking for memmove... yes checking for mkstemp... yes checking for vsnprintf... yes checking for stpcpy... yes checking for strcasecmp... yes checking for strncasecmp... yes checking for poll... yes checking for getcwd... yes checking for nanosleep... yes checking for vasprintf... yes checking for setenv... yes checking for unsetenv... yes checking for getc_unlocked... yes checking for readlink... yes checking for symlink... yes checking for C99 vsnprintf... yes checking whether printf supports positional parameters... yes checking for signed... yes checking for long long... (cached) yes checking for long double... yes checking for wchar_t... yes checking for wint_t... yes checking for size_t... (cached) yes checking for ptrdiff_t... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for snprintf... yes checking for C99 snprintf... yes checking for sys_errlist... yes checking for sys_siglist... yes checking for sys_siglist declaration... yes checking for fd_set... yes, found in sys/types.h checking whether realloc (NULL,) will work... yes checking for nl_langinfo (CODESET)... yes checking for OpenBSD strlcpy/strlcat... no checking for an implementation of va_copy()... yes checking for an implementation of __va_copy()... yes checking whether va_lists can be copied by value... no checking for dlopen... no checking for NSLinkModule... no checking for dlopen in -ldl... yes checking for dlsym in -ldl... yes checking for RTLD_GLOBAL brokenness... no checking for preceeding underscore in symbols... no checking for dlerror... yes checking for the suffix of shared libraries... .so checking for gspawn implementation... gspawn.lo checking for GIOChannel implementation... giounix.lo checking for platform-dependent source... checking whether to compile timeloop... yes checking if building for some Win32 platform... no checking for thread implementation... posix checking thread related cflags... -pthread checking for sched_get_priority_min... yes checking thread related libraries... -pthread checking for localtime_r... yes checking for posix getpwuid_r... yes checking size of pthread_t... 8 checking for pthread_attr_setstacksize... yes checking for minimal/maximal thread priority... sched_get_priority_min(SCHED_OTHER)/sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_OTHER) checking for pthread_setschedparam... yes checking for posix yield function... sched_yield checking size of pthread_mutex_t... 40 checking byte contents of PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER... 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 checking whether to use assembler code for atomic operations... x86_64 checking value of POLLIN... 1 checking value of POLLOUT... 4 checking value of POLLPRI... 2 checking value of POLLERR... 8 checking value of POLLHUP... 16 checking value of POLLNVAL... 32 checking for EILSEQ... yes configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating glib-2.0.pc config.status: creating glib-2.0-uninstalled.pc config.status: creating gmodule-2.0.pc config.status: creating gmodule-no-export-2.0.pc config.status: creating gmodule-2.0-uninstalled.pc config.status: creating gthread-2.0.pc config.status: creating gthread-2.0-uninstalled.pc config.status: creating gobject-2.0.pc config.status: creating gobject-2.0-uninstalled.pc config.status: creating glib-zip config.status: creating glib-gettextize config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating build/Makefile config.status: creating build/win32/Makefile config.status: creating build/win32/dirent/Makefile config.status: creating glib/Makefile config.status: creating glib/libcharset/Makefile config.status: creating glib/gnulib/Makefile config.status: creating gmodule/Makefile config.status: creating gmodule/gmoduleconf.h config.status: creating gobject/Makefile config.status: creating gobject/glib-mkenums config.status: creating gthread/Makefile config.status: creating po/Makefile.in config.status: creating docs/Makefile config.status: creating docs/reference/Makefile config.status: creating docs/reference/glib/Makefile config.status: creating docs/reference/glib/version.xml config.status: creating docs/reference/gobject/Makefile config.status: creating docs/reference/gobject/version.xml config.status: creating tests/Makefile config.status: creating tests/gobject/Makefile config.status: creating m4macros/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: config.h is unchanged config.status: executing depfiles commands config.status: executing default-1 commands config.status: executing glibconfig.h commands config.status: glibconfig.h is unchanged config.status: executing chmod-scripts commands nsalvarrey@Delleuze:~/glib-2.6.3$ ^C nsalvarrey@Delleuze:~/glib-2.6.3$ And then, with the make command, I get this: galias.h:83:39: error: 'g_ascii_digit_value' aliased to undefined symbol 'IA__g_ascii_digit_value' extern __typeof (g_ascii_digit_value) g_ascii_digit_value __attribute((alias("IA__g_ascii_digit_value"), visibility("default"))); ^ In file included from garray.c:35:0: galias.h:31:35: error: 'g_allocator_new' aliased to undefined symbol 'IA__g_allocator_new' extern __typeof (g_allocator_new) g_allocator_new __attribute((alias("IA__g_allocator_new"), visibility("default"))); ^ make[4]: *** [garray.lo] Error 1 make[4]: se sale del directorio «/home/nsalvarrey/glib-2.6.3/glib» make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[3]: se sale del directorio «/home/nsalvarrey/glib-2.6.3/glib» make[2]: *** [all] Error 2 make[2]: se sale del directorio «/home/nsalvarrey/glib-2.6.3/glib» make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: se sale del directorio «/home/nsalvarrey/glib-2.6.3» make: *** [all] Error 2 nsalvarrey@Delleuze:~/glib-2.6.3$ (it's actually a lot longer) Can somebody help me?

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  • Log Debug Messages without Debug Serial on Shipped Device

    - by Kate Moss' Open Space
    Debug message is one of the ancient but useful way for problem resolving. Message is redirected to PB if KITL is enabled otherwise it goes to default debug port, usually a serial port on most of the platform but it really depends on how OEMWriteDebugString and OEMWriteDebugByte are implemented. For many reasons, we don't want to have a debug serial port, for example, we don't have enough spare serial ports and it can affect the performance. So some of the BSP designers decide to dump the messages into other media, could be a log file, shared memory or any solution that is suitable for the need. In CE 5.0 and previous, OAL and Kernel are linked into one binaries; in the other word, you can use whatever function in kernel, such as SC_CreateFileW to access filesystem in OAL, even this is strongly not recommended. But since the OAL is being a standalone executable in CE 6.0, we no longer can use this back door but only interface exported in NKGlobal which just provides enough for OAL but no more. Accessing filesystem or using sync object to communicate to other drivers or application is even not an option. Sounds like the kernel lock itself up; of course, OAL is in kernel space, you can still do whatever you want to hack into kernel, but once again, it is not only make it a dirty solution but also fragile. So isn't there an elegant solution? Let's see how a debug message print out. In private\winceos\COREOS\nk\kernel\printf.c, the OutputDebugStringW is the one for pumping out the messages; most of the code is for error handling and serialization but what really interesting is the following code piece     if (g_cInterruptsOff) {         OEMWriteDebugString ((unsigned short *)str);     } else {         g_pNKGlobal->pfnWriteDebugString ((unsigned short *)str);     }     CELOG_OutputDebugString(dwActvProcId, dwCurThId, str); It outputs the message to default debug output (is redirected to KITL when available) or OAL when needed but note that highlight part, it also invokes CELOG_OutputDebugString. Follow the thread to private\winceos\COREOS\nk\logger\CeLogInstrumentation.c, this function dump whatever input to CELOG. So whatever the debug message is we always got a clone in CELOG. General speaking, all of the debug message is logged to CELOG already, so what you need to do is using celogflush.exe with CELZONE_DEBUG zone, and then viewing the data using the by Readlog tool. Here are some information about these tools CELOG - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee479818.aspx READLOG - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee481220.aspx Also for advanced reader, I encourage you to dig into private\winceos\COREOS\nk\celog\celogdll, the source of CELOG.DLL and use it as a starting point to create a more lightweight debug message logger for your own device!

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  • Can I get a C++ Compiler to instantiate objects at compile time

    - by gam3
    I am writing some code that has a very large number of reasonably simple objects and I would like them the be created at compile time. I would think that a compiler would be able to do this, but I have not been able to figure out how. In C I could do the the following: #include <stdio.h> typedef struct data_s { int a; int b; char *c; } info; info list[] = { 1, 2, "a", 3, 4, "b", }; main() { int i; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(list)/sizeof(*list); i++) { printf("%d %s\n", i, list[i].c); } } Using #C++* each object has it constructor called rather than just being layed out in memory. #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; class Info { const int a; const int b; const char *c; public: Info(const int, const int, const char *); const int get_a() { return a; }; const int get_b() { return b; }; const char *get_c() const { return c; }; }; Info::Info(const int a, const int b, const char *c) : a(a), b(b), c(c) {}; Info list[] = { Info(1, 2, "a"), Info(3, 4, "b"), }; main() { for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(list)/sizeof(*list); i++) { cout << i << " " << list[i].get_c() << endl; } } I just don't see what information is not available for the compiler to completely instantiate these objects at compile time, so I assume I am missing something.

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  • Write and fprintf for file I/O

    - by Darryl Gove
    fprintf() does buffered I/O, where as write() does unbuffered I/O. So once the write() completes, the data is in the file, whereas, for fprintf() it may take a while for the file to get updated to reflect the output. This results in a significant performance difference - the write works at disk speed. The following is a program to test this: #include <fcntl.h #include <unistd.h #include <stdio.h #include <stdlib.h #include <errno.h #include <stdio.h #include <sys/time.h #include <sys/types.h #include <sys/stat.h static double s_time; void starttime() { s_time=1.0*gethrtime(); } void endtime(long its) { double e_time=1.0*gethrtime(); printf("Time per iteration %5.2f MB/s\n", (1.0*its)/(e_time-s_time*1.0)*1000); s_time=1.0*gethrtime(); } #define SIZE 10*1024*1024 void test_write() { starttime(); int file = open("./test.dat",O_WRONLY|O_CREAT,S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH|S_IWUSR); for (int i=0; i<SIZE; i++) { write(file,"a",1); } close(file); endtime(SIZE); } void test_fprintf() { starttime(); FILE* file = fopen("./test.dat","w"); for (int i=0; i<SIZE; i++) { fprintf(file,"a"); } fclose(file); endtime(SIZE); } void test_flush() { starttime(); FILE* file = fopen("./test.dat","w"); for (int i=0; i<SIZE; i++) { fprintf(file,"a"); fflush(file); } fclose(file); endtime(SIZE); } int main() { test_write(); test_fprintf(); test_flush(); } Compiling and running I get 0.2MB/s for write() and 6MB/s for fprintf(). A large difference. There's three tests in this example, the third test uses fprintf() and fflush(). This is equivalent to write() both in performance and in functionality. Which leads to the suggestion that fprintf() (and other buffering I/O functions) are the fastest way of writing to files, and that fflush() should be used to enforce synchronisation of the file contents.

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  • Collision rectangle response

    - by dotty
    I'm having difficulties getting a moveable rectangle to collide with more than one rectangle. I'm using SFML and it has a handy function called Intersect() which takes 2 rectangles and returns the intersections. I have a vector full of rectangles which I want my moveable rectangle to collide with. I'm looping through this using the following code (p is the moveble rectangle). IsCollidingWith returns a bool but also uses SFML's Interesect to work out the intersections. while(unsigned i = 0; i!= testRects.size(); i++){ if(p.IsCollidingWith(testRects[i]){ p.Collide(testRects[i]); } } and the actual Collide() code void gameObj::collide( gameObj collidingObject ){ printf("%f %f\n", this->colliderResult.width, this->colliderResult.height); if (this->colliderResult.width < this->colliderResult.height) { // collided on X if (this->getCollider().left < collidingObject.getCollider().left ) { this->move( -this->colliderResult.width , 0); }else { this->move( this->colliderResult.width, 0 ); } } if(this->colliderResult.width > this->colliderResult.height){ if (this->getCollider().top < collidingObject.getCollider().top ) { this->move( 0, -this->colliderResult.height); }else { this->move( 0, this->colliderResult.height ); } } } and the IsCollidingWith() code is bool gameObj::isCollidingWith( gameObj testObject ){ if (this->getCollider().intersects( testObject.getCollider(), this->colliderResult )) { return true; }else { return false; } } This works fine when there's only 1 Rect in the scene. However, when there's move than one Rect it causes issue when working out 2 collisions at once. Any idea how to deal with this correctly? I have uploaded a video to youtube to show my problem. The console on the far-right shows the width and height of the intersections. You can see on the console that it's trying to calculate 2 collisions at once, I think this is where the problem is being caused. The youtube video is at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fA2gflOMcAk also , this image also seems to illustrate the problem nicely. Can someone please help, I've been stuck on this all weekend!

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  • Can I configure Wndows NDES server to use Triple DES (3DES) algorithm for PKCS#7 answer encryption?

    - by O.Shevchenko
    I am running SCEP client to enroll certificates on NDES server. If OpenSSL is not in FIPS mode - everything works fine. In FIPS mode i get the following error: pkcs7_unwrap():pkcs7.c:708] error decrypting inner PKCS#7 139968442623728:error:060A60A3:digital envelope routines:FIPS_CIPHERINIT:disabled for fips:fips_enc.c:142: 139968442623728:error:21072077:PKCS7 routines:PKCS7_decrypt:decrypt error:pk7_smime.c:557: That's because NDES server uses DES algorithm to encrypt returned PKCS#7 packet. I used the following debug code: /* Copy enveloped data from PKCS#7 */ bytes = BIO_read(pkcs7bio, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); BIO_write(outbio, buffer, bytes); p7enc = d2i_PKCS7_bio(outbio, NULL); /* Get encryption PKCS#7 algorithm */ enc_alg=p7enc->d.enveloped->enc_data->algorithm; evp_cipher=EVP_get_cipherbyobj(enc_alg->algorithm); printf("evp_cipher->nid = %d\n", evp_cipher->nid); The last string always prints: evp_cipher-nid = 31 defined in openssl-1.0.1c/include/openssl/objects.h #define SN_des_cbc "DES-CBC" #define LN_des_cbc "des-cbc" #define NID_des_cbc 31 I use 3DES algorithm for PKCS7 requests encryption in my code (pscep.enc_alg = (EVP_CIPHER *)EVP_des_ede3_cbc()) and NDES server accepts these requests, but it always returns answer encrypted with DES. Can I configure Wndows NDES server to use Triple DES (3DES) algorithm for PKCS#7 answer encryption?

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  • Moving symlinks into a folder based on id3 tags.

    - by Reti
    I'm trying to get my music folder into something sensible. Right now, I have all my music stored in /home/foo so I have all of the albums soft linked to ~/music. I want the structure to be ~/music/<artist>/<album> I've got all of the symlinks into ~/music right now so I just need to get the symlinks into the proper structure. I'm trying to do this by delving into the symlinked album, getting the artist name with id3info. I can do this, but I can't seem to get it to work correctly. for i in $( find -L $i -name "*.mp3" -printf "%h\n") do echo "$i" #testing purposes #find its artist #the stuff after read file just cuts up id3info to get just the artist name #$artist = find -L $i -name "*.mp3" | read file; id3info $file | grep TPE | sed "s|.*: \(.*\)|\1|"|head -n1 #move it to correct artist folder #mv "$i" "$artist" done Now, it does find the correct folder, but every time there is a space in the dir name it makes it a newline. Here's a sample of what I'm trying to do $ ls DJ Exortius/ The Trance Mix 3 Wanderlust - DJ Exortius [TRANCE DEEP VOCAL TECH]@ I'm trying to mv The Trance Mix 3 Wanderlust - DJ Exortius [TRANCE DEEP VOCAL TECH]@ into the real directory DJ Exortius. DJ Exortius already exists, so it's just a matter of moving it into the correct directory that's based on the id3 tag of the mp3 inside. Thanks! PS: I've tried easytag, but when I restructure the album, it moves it from /home/foo which is not what I want.

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  • OpenVPN: ERROR: could not read Auth username from stdin

    - by user56231
    I managed to setup openvpn but now I want to integrate a user/pass authentication method so, even though I haven't added the auth-nocache in the server config, whenever I try to connect it returns with the following message on the client side: ERROR: could not read Auth username from stdin My server.conf file contains basic stuff, everything works up untill I try to implement this for of authentication. mode server dev tun proto tcp port 1194 keepalive 10 120 plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so login client-cert-not-required username-as-common-name auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/auth.pl via-env ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem user nobody group nogroup server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 persist-key persist-tun #persist-local-ip status openvpn-status.log verb 3 client-to-client push "redirect-gateway def1" push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1" log-append /var/log/openvpn comp-lzo I searched all over the net for a solution and all answers seems to be related to the auth-nocache param which I haven't set. The directive auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/auth.pl via-env points to a script which is executed to perform the authentication. A false authentication should result in a exit 1 while a true one should result with exit 0. For testing, that script auth.pl returns exit 0 no matter what the input is but it seems that the file is not executed before the error raises. auth.pl file contents: #!/usr/bin/perl my $user = $ENV{username}; my $passwd = $ENV{password}; printf("$user : $passwd\n"); exit 0; Any ideas?

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  • Linux Scheduler (not using all cores on multi-core machine) RHEL6

    - by User512
    I'm seeing strange behavior on one of my servers (running RHEL 6). There seems to be something wrong with the scheduler. Here's the test program I'm using: #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> void RunClient(int i) { printf("Starting client %d\n", i); while (true) { } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { pid_t p_id = fork(); if (p_id == -1) { perror("fork"); } else if (p_id == 0) { RunClient(i); exit(0); } } return 0; } This machine has a lot more than 4 cores so we'd expect all processes to be running at 100%. When I check on top, the cpu usage varies. Sometimes it's split (100%, 33%, 33%, 33%), other times it's split (100%, 100%, 50%, 50%). When I try this test on another server of ours (running RHEL 5), there are no issues (it's 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%) as expected. What's causing this and how can I fix it? Thanks

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  • Optimize shell and awk script

    - by bryan
    I am using a combination of a shell script, awk script and a find command to perform multiple text replacements in hundreds of files. The files sizes vary between a few hundred bytes and 20 kbytes. I am looking for a way to speed up this script. I am using cygwin. The shell script - #!/bin/bash if [ $# = 0 ]; then echo "Argument expected" exit 1 fi while [ $# -ge 1 ] do if [ ! -f $1 ]; then echo "No such file as $1" exit 1 fi awk -f ~/scripts/parse.awk $1 > ${1}.$$ if [ $? != 0 ]; then echo "Something went wrong with the script" rm ${1}.$$ exit 1 fi mv ${1}.$$ $1 shift done The awk script (simplified) - #! /usr/bin/awk -f /HHH.Web/{ if ( index($0,"Email") == 0) { sub(/HHH.Web/,"HHH.Web.Email"); } printf("%s\r\n",$0); next; } The command line find . -type f | xargs ~/scripts/run_parser.sh

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  • How can I set the CD audio volume in Linux?

    - by user1296362
    In Windows 7 Control Panel - Sound - Sound Properties window there's an slider for setting CD Audio volume: And it's pretty strange that I can't find corresponding one in generic Linux mixers: alsamixer or amixer. I connected a CD drive to try to set CD audio volume with cdcd (CD Player): $ cdcd setvol 0 Invalid volume It isn't actually an invalid volume, it is because ioctl() call fails. I found that out after searching and changing a bit the source code of this utility (in the libcdaudio): --- cdaudio.c.orig 2004-09-09 06:26:20.000000000 +0600 +++ cdaudio.c 2012-05-30 21:34:34.167915521 +0600 @@ -578,8 +578,10 @@ cdvol_data.CDVOLCTRL_BACK_RIGHT_SELECT = CDAUDIO_MAX_VOLUME; #endif - if(ioctl(cd_desc, CDAUDIO_SET_VOLUME, &cdvol) < 0) - return -1; + if(ioctl(cd_desc, CDAUDIO_SET_VOLUME, &cdvol) < 0) { + printf("*** cd_set_volume: ioctl() returned error\n"); + return -1; + } return 0; } By the way cdcd's get volume command yields rather weird output: Left Right Front 1281734864 32767 Back 0 0 Also I tried aumix: $ aumix -c 0 But all with no success. I read from this manual — http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Alsa-sound-6.html (section 6.2 The mixer) that CD channel can present in amixer output. Maybe some drivers for sound card are missing in my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installation. Though I don't think it's the case: $ lsmod | grep snd snd_mixer_oss 22602 0 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek 223867 1 snd_hda_intel 33773 4 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97188 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 78855 19 snd_mixer_oss,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep ,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm All I need is just mute or set to 0 volume level of CD Audio channel, like I did in Windows 7, to get rid of sibilant noise in the speakers.

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  • All commands stopped working in centos 6.5

    - by Michael
    I have made a big mistake while removing some duplicate packages as it appears to be broken. yum 1036 rpm -e --nodeps glibc-2.12-1.132.el6_5.2.x86_64 1037 rpm -e --nodeps nscd-2.12-1.132.el6_5.2.x86_64 1038 rpm -e --nodeps glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6_5.2.x86_64 1040 rpm -e --nodeps glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 1041 rpm -e glibc.x86_64 1042 rpm -e --nodeps glibc.x86_64 The issue happened after doing 1042 step. None of commands work(including yum, rpm, ls, cp etc) and getting error /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory I thought that installing glibc after removing all the current ones would help to resolve the duplicate package error :( Now I realised that it is used as the C library in the GNU system and most systems with the Linux kernel. It defines the "system calls" and other basic facilities such as open, malloc, printf, exit, etc. Is there any possible solutions other than reinstall? I have lost ssh access. Maybe anything can be done using rescue cd? Thanks

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  • sendmail on Snow Leopard

    - by Jay
    I'm trying to get sendmail working on my MacBook Pro (OS 10.6.4), so that I can send mail with PHP's mail() function. If you know how to do this without sendmail, I'd be interested in that also. The plan is to send mail through smtp.gmail.com using my gmail account, unless you have a better idea. I did this and that didn't work. In /etc/postfix/smtp_sasl_passwords I tried both:     smtp.yourisp.com username:password and     smtp.yourisp.com [email protected]:password The problem seems to be that google doesn't like me. I don't think my ISP is blocking it because Mail.app can send email through smtp.gmail.com just fine. $email is my gmail address. $ printf "Subject: TestMail" | sendmail -f $email $email $ tail /var/log/mail.log Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/master[8741]: daemon started -- version 2.5.5, configuration /etc/postfix Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/qmgr[8743]: CAACBFA905: from=<$email>, size=377, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/pickup[8742]: C2A68FA93A: uid=501 from=<$email> Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/cleanup[8744]: C2A68FA93A: message-id=<20101021233818.$mydomain> Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/qmgr[8743]: C2A68FA93A: from=<$email>, size=377, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/smtp[8746]: initializing the client-side TLS engine Oct 21 19:38:18 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/smtp[8748]: initializing the client-side TLS engine Oct 21 19:38:49 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/smtp[8746]: connect to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.157.109]:25: Operation timed out Oct 21 19:38:49 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/smtp[8748]: connect to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.157.109]:25: Operation timed out Oct 21 19:38:49 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/smtp[8746]: CAACBFA905: to=<$email>, relay=none, delay=1334, delays=1304/0.04/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.157.109]:25: Operation timed out) Oct 21 19:38:49 Jays-MacBook-Pro postfix/smtp[8748]: C2A68FA93A: to=<$email>, relay=none, delay=30, delays=0.08/0.05/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to smtp.gmail.com[74.125.157.109]:25: Operation timed out) $ I also tried setting myhostname, mydomain, and myorigin in /etc/postfix/main.cf to $ nslookup myip (as displayed by http://www.whatismyip.com/) And still no luck. Any ideas?

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  • Symbolic link modification for HP unix

    - by kalpesh
    Hi David Zaslavsky, Recently i was working on modifying the Symbolic links ... for a particular files.. while searching on internet i saw your post ... I am trying to use this script which you had posted .. find /home/user/public_html/qa/ -type l \ -lname '/home/user/public_html/dev/*' -printf \ 'ln -nsf $(readlink %p|sed s/dev/qa/) $(echo %p|sed s/dev/qa/)\n'\ script.sh SO i tried to modify your script for my problem .. in Hp unix env.. but it seems that the -lname command does not works for HP unix. do you know something equivalent that i can use ... Just to give you and idea of my problem ... I want to change all the symbolic links inside a particular folder .. New Symbolic link -- /base/testusr/scripts Old Symbolic link -- /base/produsr/scripts Now folder "A" contains more than 100 different files having soft links which points to this path -- /base/produsr/scripts But what I want is that the files inside folder A to point to this soft link --/base/testusr/scripts I am trying to achieve in Hp unix ... would really appreciate your help on this ...

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  • WordPress 'comment is awaiting moderation.' message not appearing when a comment is submitted?

    - by cs
    Everything is pretty standard from WP samples, with minor modifications. But when a comment is submitted, it does not show the "your comment is awaiting moderation" message. The comments.php: <div id="comment-block"> <h4><?php comments_number('No Responses', 'One Response', '% Responses' );?> to &#8220;<?php the_title(); ?>&#8221;</h4> <ul id="commentlist"> <?php wp_list_comments('type=comment&callback=mytheme_comment'); ?> </ul> <?php // this is displayed if there are no comments so far ?> <?php if ('open' == $post->comment_status) : ?> <!-- If comments are open, but there are no comments. --> <?php else : // comments are closed ?> <!-- If comments are closed. --> <p class="nocomments">Comments are closed.</p> <?php endif; ?> <?php if ('open' == $post->comment_status) : ?> <h4>Leave a reply</h4> <div class="cancel-comment-reply"> <small><?php cancel_comment_reply_link(); ?></small> </div> <?php if ( get_option('comment_registration') && !$user_ID ) : ?> <p>You must be <a href="<?php echo get_option('siteurl'); ?>/wp-login.php?redirect_to=<?php echo urlencode(get_permalink()); ?>">logged in</a> to post a comment.</p> <?php else : ?> <form action="<?php echo get_option('siteurl'); ?>/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform"> <?php if ( $user_ID ) : ?> <p class="loggedIn">Logged in as <a href="<?php echo get_option('siteurl'); ?>/wp-admin/profile.php"><?php echo $user_identity; ?></a>. <a href="<?php echo wp_logout_url(get_permalink()); ?>" title="Log out of this account">Log out &raquo;</a></p> <?php else : ?> <table width="675" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr><td style="padding-right: 20px;"><label for="author">Name <?php if ($req) echo "(required)"; ?></label></td> <td style="padding-right: 20px;"><label for="email">Email <?php if ($req) echo "(required)"; ?></label> <small>(will not be published)</small></td> <td><label for="url">Website <?php if ($req) echo "(required)"; ?></label></td> </tr> <tr><td style="padding-right: 20px;"><input type="text" name="author" id="author" value="<?php echo $comment_author; ?>" class="text" tabindex="1" <?php if ($req) echo "aria-required='true'"; ?> /></td> <td style="padding-right: 20px;"><input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="<?php echo $comment_author_email; ?>" class="text" tabindex="2" <?php if ($req) echo "aria-required='true'"; ?> /></td> <td><input type="text" name="url" id="url" value="<?php echo $comment_author_url; ?>" class="text" tabindex="3" /></td> </tr> </table> <?php endif; ?> <label for="comment">Comment <?php if ($req) echo "(required)"; ?></label><br /> <textarea name="comment" id="comment" rows="10" tabindex="4" class="text"></textarea> <input name="submit" type="image" src="<?php bloginfo('template_directory'); ?>/images/submit_button.png" width="130" height="24" alt="Submit" id="submit" tabindex="5" /> <?php comment_id_fields(); ?> <?php do_action('comment_form', $post->ID); ?> </form> <div class="clear"></div> <?php endif; // If registration required and not logged in ?> </div> <?php endif; // if you delete this the sky will fall on your head ?> And the mytheme_comments function in functions.php function mytheme_comment($comment, $args, $depth) { $GLOBALS['comment'] = $comment; ?> <li <?php comment_class(); ?> id="li-comment-<?php comment_ID() ?>"> <div id="comment-<?php comment_ID(); ?>"> <span class="comment-author vcard"> <?php printf(__('<cite class="fn">%s</cite> <span class="says">says at</span>'), get_comment_author_link()) ?> </span> <?php if ($comment->comment_approved == '0') : ?> <em><?php _e('Your comment is awaiting moderation.') ?></em> <br /> <?php endif; ?> <span class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars( get_comment_link( $comment->comment_ID ) ) ?>"> <?php printf(__('%2$s, %1$s'), get_comment_date(), get_comment_time()) ?></a><?php edit_comment_link(__('(Edit)'),' ','') ?></span> <?php comment_text() ?> <div class="reply"> <?php comment_reply_link(array_merge( $args, array('depth' => $depth, 'max_depth' => $args['max_depth']))) ?> </div> </div> <?php } ?>

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  • Assignment operator that calls a constructor is broken

    - by Delan Azabani
    I've implemented some of the changes suggested in this question, and (thanks very much) it works quite well, however... in the process I've seemed to break the post-declaration assignment operator. With the following code: #include <cstdio> #include "ucpp" main() { ustring a = "test"; ustring b = "ing"; ustring c = "- -"; ustring d = "cafe\xcc\x81"; printf("%s\n", (a + b + c[1] + d).encode()); } I get a nice "testing cafe´" message. However, if I modify the code slightly so that the const char * conversion is done separately, post-declaration: #include <cstdio> #include "ucpp" main() { ustring a = "test"; ustring b = "ing"; ustring c = "- -"; ustring d; d = "cafe\xcc\x81"; printf("%s\n", (a + b + c[1] + d).encode()); } the ustring named d becomes blank, and all that is output is "testing ". My new code has three constructors, one void (which is probably the one being incorrectly used, and is used in the operator+ function), one that takes a const ustring &, and one that takes a const char *. The following is my new library code: #include <cstdlib> #include <cstring> class ustring { int * values; long len; public: long length() { return len; } ustring() { len = 0; values = (int *) malloc(0); } ustring(const ustring &input) { len = input.len; values = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * len); for (long i = 0; i < len; i++) values[i] = input.values[i]; } ustring operator=(ustring input) { ustring result(input); return result; } ustring(const char * input) { values = (int *) malloc(0); long s = 0; // s = number of parsed chars int a, b, c, d, contNeed = 0, cont = 0; for (long i = 0; input[i]; i++) if (input[i] < 0x80) { // ASCII, direct copy (00-7f) values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = input[i]; } else if (input[i] < 0xc0) { // this is a continuation (80-bf) if (cont == contNeed) { // no need for continuation, use U+fffd values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = 0xfffd; } cont = cont + 1; values[s - 1] = values[s - 1] | ((input[i] & 0x3f) << ((contNeed - cont) * 6)); if (cont == contNeed) cont = contNeed = 0; } else if (input[i] < 0xc2) { // invalid byte, use U+fffd (c0-c1) values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = 0xfffd; } else if (input[i] < 0xe0) { // start of 2-byte sequence (c2-df) contNeed = 1; values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = (input[i] & 0x1f) << 6; } else if (input[i] < 0xf0) { // start of 3-byte sequence (e0-ef) contNeed = 2; values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = (input[i] & 0x0f) << 12; } else if (input[i] < 0xf5) { // start of 4-byte sequence (f0-f4) contNeed = 3; values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = (input[i] & 0x07) << 18; } else { // restricted or invalid (f5-ff) values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = 0xfffd; } len = s; } ustring operator=(const char * input) { ustring result(input); return result; } ustring operator+(ustring input) { ustring result; result.len = len + input.len; result.values = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * result.len); for (long i = 0; i < len; i++) result.values[i] = values[i]; for (long i = 0; i < input.len; i++) result.values[i + len] = input.values[i]; return result; } ustring operator[](long index) { ustring result; result.len = 1; result.values = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int)); result.values[0] = values[index]; return result; } char * encode() { char * r = (char *) malloc(0); long s = 0; for (long i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (values[i] < 0x80) r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 1), r[s + 0] = char(values[i]), s += 1; else if (values[i] < 0x800) r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 2), r[s + 0] = char(values[i] >> 6 | 0x60), r[s + 1] = char(values[i] & 0x3f | 0x80), s += 2; else if (values[i] < 0x10000) r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 3), r[s + 0] = char(values[i] >> 12 | 0xe0), r[s + 1] = char(values[i] >> 6 & 0x3f | 0x80), r[s + 2] = char(values[i] & 0x3f | 0x80), s += 3; else r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 4), r[s + 0] = char(values[i] >> 18 | 0xf0), r[s + 1] = char(values[i] >> 12 & 0x3f | 0x80), r[s + 2] = char(values[i] >> 6 & 0x3f | 0x80), r[s + 3] = char(values[i] & 0x3f | 0x80), s += 4; } return r; } };

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  • segmentation fault using BaseCode encryption

    - by Natasha Thapa
    i took the code from the links below to encrypt and decrypt a text but i get segmentation fault when trying to run this any ideas?? http://etutorials.org/Programming/secure+programming/Chapter+4.+Symmetric+Cryptography+Fundamentals/4.5+Performing+Base64+Encoding/ http://etutorials.org/Programming/secure+programming/Chapter+4.+Symmetric+Cryptography+Fundamentals/4.6+Performing+Base64+Decoding/ #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> static char b64revtb[256] = { -3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*0-15*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*16-31*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63, /*32-47*/ 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1, /*48-63*/ -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, /*64-79*/ 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*80-95*/ -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, /*96-111*/ 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*112-127*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*128-143*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*144-159*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*160-175*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*176-191*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*192-207*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*208-223*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, /*224-239*/ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 /*240-255*/ }; unsigned char *spc_base64_encode( unsigned char *input , size_t len , int wrap ) ; unsigned char *spc_base64_decode(unsigned char *buf, size_t *len, int strict, int *err); static unsigned int raw_base64_decode(unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, int strict, int *err); unsigned char *tmbuf = NULL; static char tmpbuffer[] ={0}; int main(void) { memset( tmpbuffer, NULL, sizeof( tmpbuffer ) ); sprintf( tmpbuffer, "%s:%s" , "username", "password" ); tmbuf = spc_base64_encode( (unsigned char *)tmpbuffer , strlen( tmpbuffer ), 0 ); printf(" The text %s has been encrytped to %s \n", tmpbuffer, tmbuf ); unsigned char *decrypt = NULL; int strict; int *err; decrypt = spc_base64_decode( tmbuf , strlen( tmbuf ), 0, err ); printf(" The text %s has been decrytped to %s \n", tmbuf , decrypt); } static char b64table[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" "0123456789+/"; /* Accepts a binary buffer with an associated size. * Returns a base64 encoded, NULL-terminated string. */ unsigned char *spc_base64_encode(unsigned char *input, size_t len, int wrap) { unsigned char *output, *p; size_t i = 0, mod = len % 3, toalloc; toalloc = (len / 3) * 4 + (3 - mod) % 3 + 1; if (wrap) { toalloc += len / 57; if (len % 57) toalloc++; } p = output = (unsigned char *)malloc(((len / 3) + (mod ? 1 : 0)) * 4 + 1); if (!p) return 0; while (i < len - mod) { *p++ = b64table[input[i++] >> 2]; *p++ = b64table[((input[i - 1] << 4) | (input[i] >> 4)) & 0x3f]; *p++ = b64table[((input[i] << 2) | (input[i + 1] >> 6)) & 0x3f]; *p++ = b64table[input[i + 1] & 0x3f]; i += 2; if (wrap && !(i % 57)) *p++ = '\n'; } if (!mod) { if (wrap && i % 57) *p++ = '\n'; *p = 0; return output; } else { *p++ = b64table[input[i++] >> 2]; *p++ = b64table[((input[i - 1] << 4) | (input[i] >> 4)) & 0x3f]; if (mod = = 1) { *p++ = '='; *p++ = '='; if (wrap) *p++ = '\n'; *p = 0; return output; } else { *p++ = b64table[(input[i] << 2) & 0x3f]; *p++ = '='; if (wrap) *p++ = '\n'; *p = 0; return output; } } } static unsigned int raw_base64_decode(unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, int strict, int *err) { unsigned int result = 0, x; unsigned char buf[3], *p = in, pad = 0; *err = 0; while (!pad) { switch ((x = b64revtb[*p++])) { case -3: /* NULL TERMINATOR */ if (((p - 1) - in) % 4) *err = 1; return result; case -2: /* PADDING CHARACTER. INVALID HERE */ if (((p - 1) - in) % 4 < 2) { *err = 1; return result; } else if (((p - 1) - in) % 4 == 2) { /* Make sure there's appropriate padding */ if (*p != '=') { *err = 1; return result; } buf[2] = 0; pad = 2; result++; break; } else { pad = 1; result += 2; break; } case -1: if (strict) { *err = 2; return result; } break; default: switch (((p - 1) - in) % 4) { case 0: buf[0] = x << 2; break; case 1: buf[0] |= (x >> 4); buf[1] = x << 4; break; case 2: buf[1] |= (x >> 2); buf[2] = x << 6; break; case 3: buf[2] |= x; result += 3; for (x = 0; x < 3 - pad; x++) *out++ = buf[x]; break; } break; } } for (x = 0; x < 3 - pad; x++) *out++ = buf[x]; return result; } /* If err is non-zero on exit, then there was an incorrect padding error. We * allocate enough space for all circumstances, but when there is padding, or * there are characters outside the character set in the string (which we are * supposed to ignore), then we end up allocating too much space. You can * realloc() to the correct length if you wish. */ unsigned char *spc_base64_decode(unsigned char *buf, size_t *len, int strict, int *err) { unsigned char *outbuf; outbuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(3 * (strlen(buf) / 4 + 1)); if (!outbuf) { *err = -3; *len = 0; return 0; } *len = raw_base64_decode(buf, outbuf, strict, err); if (*err) { free(outbuf); *len = 0; outbuf = 0; } return outbuf; }

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  • Observing flow control idle time in TCP

    - by user12820842
    Previously I described how to observe congestion control strategies during transmission, and here I talked about TCP's sliding window approach for handling flow control on the receive side. A neat trick would now be to put the pieces together and ask the following question - how often is TCP transmission blocked by congestion control (send-side flow control) versus a zero-sized send window (which is the receiver saying it cannot process any more data)? So in effect we are asking whether the size of the receive window of the peer or the congestion control strategy may be sub-optimal. The result of such a problem would be that we have TCP data that we could be transmitting but we are not, potentially effecting throughput. So flow control is in effect: when the congestion window is less than or equal to the amount of bytes outstanding on the connection. We can derive this from args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna, i.e. the difference between the next sequence number to send and the lowest unacknowledged sequence number; and when the window in the TCP segment received is advertised as 0 We time from these events until we send new data (i.e. args[4]-tcp_seq = snxt value when window closes. Here's the script: #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::send / (args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna) = args[3]-tcps_cwnd / { cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = timestamp; cwndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = args[3]-tcps_snxt; @numclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] && args[4]-tcp_seq = cwndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] / { @meantimeclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = avg(timestamp - cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); @stddevtimeclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = stddev(timestamp - cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); @numclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; cwndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; } tcp:::receive / args[4]-tcp_window == 0 && (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = timestamp; swndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = args[3]-tcps_snxt; @numclosed["swnd", args[2]-ip_saddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] && args[4]-tcp_seq = swndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] / { @meantimeclosed["swnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_sport] = avg(timestamp - swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); @stddevtimeclosed["swnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_sport] = stddev(timestamp - swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; swndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; } END { printf("%-6s %-20s %-8s %-25s %-8s %-8s\n", "Window", "Remote host", "Port", "TCP Avg WndClosed(ns)", "StdDev", "Num"); printa("%-6s %-20s %-8d %@-25d %@-8d %@-8d\n", @meantimeclosed, @stddevtimeclosed, @numclosed); } So this script will show us whether the peer's receive window size is preventing flow ("swnd" events) or whether congestion control is limiting flow ("cwnd" events). As an example I traced on a server with a large file transfer in progress via a webserver and with an active ssh connection running "find / -depth -print". Here is the output: ^C Window Remote host Port TCP Avg WndClosed(ns) StdDev Num cwnd 10.175.96.92 80 86064329 77311705 125 cwnd 10.175.96.92 22 122068522 151039669 81 So we see in this case, the congestion window closes 125 times for port 80 connections and 81 times for ssh. The average time the window is closed is 0.086sec for port 80 and 0.12sec for port 22. So if you wish to change congestion control algorithm in Oracle Solaris 11, a useful step may be to see if congestion really is an issue on your network. Scripts like the one posted above can help assess this, but it's worth reiterating that if congestion control is occuring, that's not necessarily a problem that needs fixing. Recall that congestion control is about controlling flow to prevent large-scale drops, so looking at congestion events in isolation doesn't tell us the whole story. For example, are we seeing more congestion events with one control algorithm, but more drops/retransmission with another? As always, it's best to start with measures of throughput and latency before arriving at a specific hypothesis such as "my congestion control algorithm is sub-optimal".

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  • Sample code from apple iPhoneMultichannelMixerTest can't run mp3 file

    - by Usman
    Hi i want to control channel volume from my app and iPhoneMultichannelMixerTest (http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/samplecode/iPhoneMultichannelMixerTest/)sample code form apple looks perfect for me. but i m heaving problem in playing mp3 files. code crashes in MultichannelMixerController.m at static OSStatus renderInput(void *inRefCon, AudioUnitRenderActionFlags *ioActionFlags, const AudioTimeStamp *inTimeStamp, UInt32 inBusNumber, UInt32 inNumberFrames, AudioBufferList *ioData) { SoundBufferPtr sndbuf = (SoundBufferPtr)inRefCon; UInt32 bufSamples = sndbuf[inBusNumber].numFrames; AudioUnitSampleType *in = sndbuf[inBusNumber].data; AudioUnitSampleType *outA = (AudioUnitSampleType *)ioData->mBuffers[0].mData; AudioUnitSampleType *outB = (AudioUnitSampleType *)ioData->mBuffers[1].mData; UInt32 sample = sndbuf[inBusNumber].sampleNum; for (UInt32 i = 0; i < inNumberFrames; ++i) { if (1 == inBusNumber) { outA[i] = 0; outB[i] = in[sample++]; //crash on this line. } else { outA[i] = in[sample++]; outB[i] = 0; } if (sample >= bufSamples) sample = 0; } sndbuf[inBusNumber].sampleNum = sample; // printf("bus %d sample %d\n", inBusNumber, sample); return noErr; } can any one tell me why this is happening. or is there any limitation to play mp3 on iPhone??? Thankz in Adv. Usman

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