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• Trouble compiling C/C++ project in NetBeans 6.8 with MinGW on Windows

  - by dontoo

  I am learning C and because VC++ 2008 doesn't support C99 features I have just installed NetBeans and configure it to work with MinGW. I can compile single file project ( main.c) and use debugger but when I add new file to project I get error "undefined reference to ... function(code) in that file..". Obviously MinGW does't link my files or I don't know how properly add them to my project (c standard library files work fine). /bin/make -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk SUBPROJECTS= .build-conf make[1]: Entering directory `/c/Users/don/Documents/NetBeansProjects/CppApplication_7' /bin/make -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/cppapplication_7.exe make[2]: Entering directory `/c/Users/don/Documents/NetBeansProjects/CppApplication_7' mkdir -p dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows gcc.exe -o dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/cppapplication_7 build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o build/Debug/MinGW-Windows/main.o: In function `main': C:/Users/don/Documents/NetBeansProjects/CppApplication_7/main.c:5: undefined reference to `X' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/cppapplication_7.exe] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/c/Users/don/Documents/NetBeansProjects/CppApplication_7' make[1]: *** [.build-conf] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/c/Users/don/Documents/NetBeansProjects/CppApplication_7' make: *** [.build-impl] Error 2 BUILD FAILED (exit value 2, total time: 1s) main.c #include "header.h" int main(int argc, char** argv) { X(); return (EXIT_SUCCESS); } header.h #ifndef _HEADER_H #define _HEADER_H #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void X(void); #endif source.c #include "header.h" void X(void) { printf("dsfdas"); }

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• C: Proper syntax for allocating memory using pointers to pointers.

  - by ~kero-05h

  This is my first time posting here, hopefully I will not make a fool of myself. I am trying to use a function to allocate memory to a pointer, copy text to the buffer, and then change a character. I keep getting a segfault and have tried looking up the answer, my syntax is probably wrong, I could use some enlightenment. /* My objective is to pass a buffer to my Copy function, allocate room, and copy text to it. Then I want to modify the text and print it.*/ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int Copy(char **Buffer, char *Text); int main() { char *Text = malloc(sizeof(char) * 100); char *Buffer; strncpy(Text, "1234567890\n", 100); Copy(&Buffer, Text); } int Copy(char **Buffer, char *Text) { int count; count = strlen(Text)+1; *Buffer = malloc(sizeof(char) * count); strncpy(*Buffer, Text, 5); *Buffer[2] = 'A'; /* This results in a segfault. "*Buffer[1] = 'A';" results in no differece in the output. */ printf("%s\n", *Buffer); }

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• tail call generated by clang 1.1 and 1.0 (llvm 2.7 and 2.6)

  - by ony

  After compilation next snippet of code with clang -O2 (or with online demo): #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int flop(int x); int flip(int x) { if (x == 0) return 1; return (x+1)*flop(x-1); } int flop(int x) { if (x == 0) return 1; return (x+0)*flip(x-1); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { printf("%d\n", flip(atoi(argv[1]))); } I'm getting next snippet of llvm assembly in flip: bb1.i: ; preds = %bb1 %4 = add nsw i32 %x, -2 ; <i32> [#uses=1] %5 = tail call i32 @flip(i32 %4) nounwind ; <i32> [#uses=1] %6 = mul nsw i32 %5, %2 ; <i32> [#uses=1] br label %flop.exit I thought that tail call means dropping current stack (i.e. return will be to the upper frame, so next instruction should be ret %5), but according to this code it will do mul for it. And in native assembly there is simple call without tail optimisation (even with appropriate flag for llc) Can sombody explain why clang generates such code? As well I can't understand why llvm have tail call if it can simply check that next ret will use result of prev call and later do appropriate optimisation or generate native equivalent of tail-call instruction?

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• Using SHFileOperation: What errors are occuring

  - by Sascha

  Hello I am using the function SHFileOperation() to send a file to the recycling bin. And I am getting 2 errors that I do not know what they mean because with this function the error codes are not GetLastError() values. Now when the function SHFileOperation() fails the return values are 0x57 (decimal 87) & 0x2 (decimal 2). Can you help me discover the definitions of these errors (expecially when you consider with this function, the errors are not part of the GetLastError() codes). Some important information: • I am using Windows 7 (& I know that MSDN says to use IFileOperation instead of SHFileOperation but I want to make my app backwards compatable which is why I am using SHFileOperation). If the error is occuring because I am using SHFileOperation on Windows 7 what solution could I use to make this work on all versions of windows from 2000 & up? • I have debugged extensively & as far as I know my SHFILEOPSTRUCT is correct (correct flags used, .pFrom is a double-null ended string). One thing I know for sure is that my path to the file is correct (leads to a real file & it correctly formatted). • About 2/5 times the SHFileOperation() works, meaning it sends the file to the recycle bin & does not returns an error BOOL result; SHFILEOPSTRUCT fileStruct; fileStruct.hwnd = hwnd; fileStruct.wFunc = FO_DELETE; fileStruct.pFrom = dest.c_str(); fileStruct.fFlags = FOF_FILESONLY; // FOF_ALLOWUNDO fileStruct.fAnyOperationsAborted = result; // Call operation(delete file) int success = SHFileOperation( &fileStruct ); // if delete was successful if ( success != 0 ) { printf( "%s \t %X %d \n", dest.c_str(), success, success ); cout << result << endl; MessageBox( hwnd, "Failed to delete file", "Error", MB_OK|MB_ICONERROR ); return; }

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• what does this attempted trojan horse code do?

  - by bstullkid

  It looks like this just sends a ping, but whats the point of that when you can just use ping? /* WARNING: this is someone's attempt at writing a malware trojan. Do not compile and *definitely* don't install. I added an exit as the first line to avoid mishaps - msw */ int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { exit(1); unsigned int pid = 0; char buffer[2]; char *args[] = { "/bin/ping", "-c", "5", NULL, NULL }; if (argc != 2) return 0; args[3] = strdup(argv[1]); for (;;) { gets(buffer); /* FTW */ if (buffer[0] == 0x6e) break; switch (pid = fork()) { case -1: printf("Error Forking\n"); exit(255); case 0: execvp(args[0], args); exit(1); default: break; } } return 255; }

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• fgets in c don't return a portion of an string

  - by Marc

  Hi! I'm totally new in C, and I'm trying to do a little application that searches a string into a file, my problem is that I need to open a big file (more than 1GB) with just one line inside and fgets return me the entire file (I'm doing test with a 10KB file). actually this is my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *search = argv[argc-1]; int retro = strlen(search); int pun = 0; int sortida; int limit = 10; char ara[20]; FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen ("SEARCHFILE", "r")) == NULL){ sortida = -1; exit (1); } while(!feof(fp)){ if (fgets(ara, 20, fp) == NULL){ break; } //this must be a 20 bytes line, but it gets the entyre 10Kb file printf("%s",ara); } sortida = 1; if(fclose(fp) != 0){ sortida = -2; exit (1); } return 0; } What can I do to find an string into a file? I'v tried with GREP but it don't helps, because it returns the position:ENTIRE_STRING. I'm open to ideas. Thanks in advance!

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• RBG to CbyCr conversion code

  - by user1446688

  I am wondering why this code does not work. Basically it is supposed to convert between RGB and CbYCr. When I convert from RGB to CbYCr then back to RGB I do not get the original RGB values. What is wrong with this code? #define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b)) #define MAX(a,b) (((a)(b))?(a):(b)) struct _rgb { int R; int G; int B; }; typedef struct _rgb rgb; struct _cbycr { int Cb; int Y; int Cr; }; typedef struct _cbycr cbycr; void cbycr2rgb(rgb *c, double Y, double Cb, double Cr) { int r = (int)(Y + 1.40200 * (Cr - 0x80)); int g = (int)(Y - 0.34414 * (Cb - 0x80) - 0.71414 * (Cr - 0x80)); int b = (int)(Y + 1.77200 * (Cb - 0x80)); c->R = MAX(0, MIN(255, r)); c->G = MAX(0, MIN(255, g)); c->B = MAX(0, MIN(255, b)); } void rgb2cbycr(cbycr *c, int R, int G, int B) { c->Y = (int)(0.299 * R + 0.587 * G + 0.114 * B); c->Cb = (int)(-0.16874 * R - 0.33126 * G + 0.50000 * B); c->Cr =(int)(0.50000 * R - 0.41869 * G - 0.08131 * B); } int main() { cbycr _cbycr; rgb _rgb; _rgb.R = 50; _rgb.G = 50; _rgb.B = 50; rgb2cbycr(&_cbycr, _rgb.R, _rgb.G, _rgb.B); cbycr2rgb(&_rgb, _cbycr.Y, _cbycr.Cb, _cbycr.Cr); printf("rgb=%d %d %d\n", _rgb.R, _rgb.G, _rgb.B); return 0; } output: rgb=0 185 0

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• How to prevent PHP variables from being arrays?

  - by MJB

  I think that (the title) is the problem I am having. I set up a MySQL connection, I read an XML file, and then I insert those values into a table by looping through the elements. The problem is, instead of inserting only 1 record, sometimes I insert 2 or 3 or 4. It seems to depend on the previous values I have read. I think I am reinitializing the variables, but I guess I am missing something -- hopefully something simple. Here is my code. I originally had about 20 columns, but I shortened the included version to make it easier to read. $ctr = 0; $sql = "insert into csd (id,type,nickname,hostname,username,password) ". "values (?,?,?,?,?,?)"; $cur = $db->prepare($sql); for ($ctr = 0; $ctr < $expected_count; $ctr++) { list ( $lbl, $type, $nickname, $hostname, $username, $password) = ""; $bind_vars = array(); $lbl = "csd_{$ctr}"; $type = $ref->itm->csds->$lbl->type; $nickname = $ref->itm->csds->$lbl->nickname; $hostname = $ref->itm->csds->$lbl->hostname; $username = $ref->itm->csds->$lbl->username; $password = $ref->itm->csds->$lbl->password; $bind_vars = array($id,$type,$nickname,$hostname,$username,$password); $res = $db->execute($cur, $bind_vars); # this is a separate function which works, but which only # does SELECTS and cannot be the problem. I include it because I # want to count the total rows. printf ("%d CSDs on that ITEM now.\n", CountCSDs($id_to_sync)); } P.S. I also tagged this SimpleXML because that is how I am reading the file, though that code is not included above. It looks like this: $Ref = simplexml_load_file($file);

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• How to initialize audio with Vala/SDL

  - by ioev

  I've been trying to figure this out for a few hours now. In order to start up the audio, I need to create an SDL.AudioSpec object and pass it to SDL.Audio.Open. The problem is, AudioSpec is a class with a private constructor, so when I try to create one I get: sdl.vala:18.25-18.43: error: `SDL.AudioSpec' does not have a default constructor AudioSpec audiospec = new SDL.AudioSpec(); ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ And if I try to just assign values to it's member vars like a struct (it's a struct in normal sdl) I get: sdl.vala:20.3-20.25: error: use of possibly unassigned local variable `audiospec' audiospec.freq = 22050; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I found the valac doc here: http://valadoc.org/sdl/SDL.AudioSpec.html But it isn't much help at all. The offending code block looks like this: // setup the audio configuration AudioSpec audiospec; AudioSpec specback; audiospec.freq = 22050; audiospec.format = SDL.AudioFormat.S16LSB; audiospec.channels = 2; audiospec.samples = 512; // try to initialize sound with these values if (SDL.Audio.open(audiospec, specback) < 0) { stdout.printf("ERROR! Check audio settings!\n"); return 1; } Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• Mmap and structure

  - by blid..pl

  I'm working some code including communication between processes, using semaphores. I made structure like this: typedef struct container { sem_t resource, mutex; int counter; } container; and use in that way (in main app and the same in subordinate processes) container *memory; shm_unlink("MYSHM"); //just in case fd = shm_open("MYSHM", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0); if(fd == -1) { printf("Error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } memory = mmap(NULL, sizeof(container), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); ftruncate(fd, sizeof(container)); Everything is fine when I use one of the sem_ functions, but when I try to do something like memory->counter = 5; It doesn't work. Probably I got something wrong with pointers, but I tried almost everything and nothing seems to work. Maybe there's a better way to share variables, structures etc between processes ? Unfortunately I'm not allowed to use boost or something similiar, the code is for educational purposes and I'm intentend to keep as simple as it's possible.

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• How to write Java-like enums in C++ ?

  - by Rahul G

  Coming from Java background, I find C++'s enums very lame. I wanted to know how to write Java-like enums (the ones in which the enum values are objects, and can have attributes and methods) in C++. As an example, translate the following Java code (a part of it, sufficient to demonstrate the technique) to C++ : public enum Planet { MERCURY (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6), VENUS (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6), EARTH (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6), MARS (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6), JUPITER (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7), SATURN (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7), URANUS (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7), NEPTUNE (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7); private final double mass; // in kilograms private final double radius; // in meters Planet(double mass, double radius) { this.mass = mass; this.radius = radius; } private double mass() { return mass; } private double radius() { return radius; } // universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2) public static final double G = 6.67300E-11; double surfaceGravity() { return G * mass / (radius * radius); } double surfaceWeight(double otherMass) { return otherMass * surfaceGravity(); } public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length != 1) { System.err.println("Usage: java Planet <earth_weight>"); System.exit(-1); } double earthWeight = Double.parseDouble(args[0]); double mass = earthWeight/EARTH.surfaceGravity(); for (Planet p : Planet.values()) System.out.printf("Your weight on %s is %f%n", p, p.surfaceWeight(mass)); } } Any hep would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!

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• Deleting a node from linked list in C

  - by LuckySlevin

  My problem is deleting a node from linked list. I have two structs : typedef struct inner_list { int count; char word[100]; inner_list*next; } inner_list; typedef struct outer_list { char word [100]; inner_list * head; int count; outer_list * next; } outer_list; My problem is in deleting a node from outer_list linked list. For example when user entered aaa to delete, delete function should find the node with outer_list->word = aaa and delete this node and reconnect the list again. I tried the below code to do this. but After finding and deleting I'm losing the list. I don't know what's wrong. Please notice that outer_list have also a linked list of inner_list inside. void delnode(outer_list *head,char num[100]) { outer_list *temp, *m; temp=head; while(temp!=NULL) { if(strcmp(temp->word==num)==0) { if(temp==head) { head=temp->next; free(temp); return; } else { m->next=temp->next; free(temp); return; } }else { m=temp; temp= temp->next; } } printf(" ELEMENT %s NOT FOUND ", num); } What are your ideas about this?

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• Newbie question: When to use extern "C" { //code } ?

  - by Russel

  Hello, Maybe I'm not understanding the differences between C and C++, but when and why do we need to use: extern "C" { ? Apparently its a "linkage convention"? I read about it briefly and noticed that all the .h header files included with MSVS surround their code with it. What type of code exactly is "C code" and NOT "C++ code"? I thought C++ included all C code? I'm guessing that this is not the case and that C++ is different and that standard features/functions exist in one or the other but not both (ie: printf is C and cout is C++), but that C++ is backwards compatible though the extern "C" declaration. Is this correct? My next question depends on the answer to the first, but I'll ask it here anyway: Since MSVS header files that are written in C are surrounded by extern "C" { ... }, when would you ever need to use this yourself in your own code? If your code is C code and you are trying to compile it in a C++ compiler, shouldn't it work without problem because all the standard h files you include will already have the extern "C" thing in them with the C++ compiler? Do you have to use this when compiling in C++ but linking to alteady built C libraries or something? Please help clarify this for me... Thanks! --Keith

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• How do calculators work with precision?

  - by zoul

  Hello! I wonder how calculators work with precision. For example the value of sin(M_PI) is not exactly zero when computed in double precision: #include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { double x = sin(M_PI); printf("%.20f\n", x); // 0.00000000000000012246 return 0; } Now I would certainly want to print zero when user enters sin(p). I can easily round somewhere on 1e–15 to make this particular case work, but that’s a hack, not a solution. When I start to round like this and the user enters something like 1e–20, they get a zero back (because of the rounding). The same thing happens when the user enters 1/10 and hits the = key repeatedly — when he reaches the rounding treshold, he gets zero. And yet some calculators return plain zero for sin(p) and at the same time they can work with expressions such as (1e–20)/10 comfortably. Where’s the trick?

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• Xlib.h and Xutil.h not found in Eclipse, how can I fix this?

  - by eclipseNoob

  Hi, I'm a newbie to Eclipse IDE for C/C++ development. I just installed MingW and set it up as my system's environment variable. I am trying to make an application that uses the X library but eclipse cant seem to find it. Eclipse works with any other simple standard library functions but it cant find the X library. Please Help! Here's a sample code snippet that's failing: #include <stdio.h> #include <X11/Xlib.h> // Can't find this #include <X11/Xutil.h> // Or this... int main() { printf("Hello"); return 0; } Do I have to download the X library from somewhere? If so then from where and where do I paste it to? Please tell me what to do in order for me to start coding using the Xlib in Eclipse. If you find any useful links, please dont hesitate to post. Thanks.

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• Kernighan & Ritchie word count example program in a functional language

  - by Frank

  I have been reading a little bit about functional programming on the web lately and I think I got a basic idea about the concepts behind it. I'm curious how everyday programming problems which involve some kind of state are solved in a pure functional programing language. For example: how would the word count program from the book 'The C programming Language' be implemented in a pure functional language? Any contributions are welcome as long as the solution is in a pure functional style. Here's the word count C code from the book: #include <stdio.h> #define IN 1 /* inside a word */ #define OUT 0 /* outside a word */ /* count lines, words, and characters in input */ main() { int c, nl, nw, nc, state; state = OUT; nl = nw = nc = 0; while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) { ++nc; if (c == '\n') ++nl; if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c = '\t') state = OUT; else if (state == OUT) { state = IN; ++nw; } } printf("%d %d %d\n", nl, nw, nc); }

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• C/C++: feedback in analyzing a code example

  - by KaiserJohaan

  Hello, I have a piece of code from an assignment I am uncertain about. I feel confident that I know the answer, but I just want to double-check with the community incase there's something I forgot. The title is basically secure coding and the question is just to explain the results. int main() { unsigned int i = 1; unsigned int c = 1; while (i > 0) { i = i*2; c++; } printf("%d\n", c); return 0; } My reasoning is this: At first glance you could imagine the code would run forever, considering it's initialized to a positive value and ever increasing. This of course is wrong because eventually the value will grow so large it will cause an integer overflow. This in turn is not entirely true either, because eventally it will force the variable 'i' to be signed by making the last bit to 1 and therefore regarded as a negative number, therefore terminating the loop. So it is not writing to unallocated memory and therefore cause integer overflow, but rather violating the data type and therefore causing the loop to terminate. I am quite sure this is the reason, but I just want to double check. Any opinions?

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• Finding Local IP via Socket Creation / getsockname

  - by BSchlinker

  I need to get the IP address of a system within C++. I followed the logic and advice of another comment on here and created a socket and then utilized getsockname to determine the IP address which the socket is bound to. However, this doesn't appear to work (code below). I'm receiving an invalid IP address (58.etc) when I should be receiving a 128.etc Any ideas? string Routes::systemIP(){ // basic setup int sockfd; char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; sockaddr* sa; socklen_t* sl; struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p; int rv; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; if ((rv = getaddrinfo("4.2.2.1", "80", &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(rv)); return "1"; } // loop through all the results and make a socket for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) { if ((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) { perror("talker: socket"); continue; } break; } if (p == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "talker: failed to bind socket\n"); return "2"; } // get information on the local IP from the socket we created getsockname(sockfd, sa, sl); // convert the sockaddr to a sockaddr_in via casting struct sockaddr_in *sa_ipv4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa; // get the IP from the sockaddr_in and print it inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(sa_ipv4->sin_addr.s_addr), str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN); printf("%s\n", str); // return the IP return str; }

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• fastest way to crawl recursive ntfs directories in C++

  - by Peter Parker

  I have written a small crawler to scan and resort directory structures. It based on dirent(which is a small wrapper around FindNextFileA) In my first benchmarks it is surprisingy slow: around 123473ms for 4500 files(thinkpad t60p local samsung 320 GB 2.5" HD). 121481 files found in 123473 milliseconds Is this speed normal? This is my code: int testPrintDir(std::string strDir, std::string strPattern="*", bool recurse=true){ struct dirent *ent; DIR *dir; dir = opendir (strDir.c_str()); int retVal = 0; if (dir != NULL) { while ((ent = readdir (dir)) != NULL) { if (strcmp(ent->d_name, ".") !=0 && strcmp(ent->d_name, "..") !=0){ std::string strFullName = strDir +"\\"+std::string(ent->d_name); std::string strType = "N/A"; bool isDir = (ent->data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) !=0; strType = (isDir)?"DIR":"FILE"; if ((!isDir)){ //printf ("%s <%s>\n", strFullName.c_str(),strType.c_str());//ent->d_name); retVal++; } if (isDir && recurse){ retVal += testPrintDir(strFullName, strPattern, recurse); } } } closedir (dir); return retVal; } else { /* could not open directory */ perror ("DIR NOT FOUND!"); return -1; } }

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• Beginner problem / error with ansi-c and gcc under ubuntu.

  - by Framester

  Hi, I am just starting programming ansi c with gcc under ubuntu (9.04). I get following error messages: error messages: main.c:6: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before ‘/’ token In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:75, from main.c:9: /usr/include/libio.h:332: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘size_t’ /usr/include/libio.h:364: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘size_t’ /usr/include/libio.h:373: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘size_t’ /usr/include/libio.h:493: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘_IO_sgetn’ In file included from main.c:9: /usr/include/stdio.h:314: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘size_t’ /usr/include/stdio.h:682: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘fread’ /usr/include/stdio.h:688: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘fwrite’ main.c:12: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before ‘/’ token I assume it is a very simple problem, maybe in the configuration of ubuntu or gcc. I am new to programming under linux as well. I googled for help and went through a tutorial but could not find an answer. Thank you! code: #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> int main() { printf("TestOutput\n"); return (0); } command: ~/Documents/projects/Trials$ gcc -Wall -ansi main.c

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• Newb Question: scanf() in C

  - by riemannliness

  So I started learning C today, and as an exercise i was told to write a program that asks the user for numbers until they type a 0, then adds the even ones and the odd ones together. Here is is (don't laugh at my bad style): #include <stdio.h>; int main() { int esum = 0, osum = 0; int n, mod; puts("Please enter some numbers, 0 to terminate:"); scanf("%d", &n); while (n != 0) { mod = n % 2; switch(mod) { case 0: esum += n; break; case 1: osum += n; } scanf("%d", &n); } printf("The sum of evens:%d,\t The sum of odds:%d", esum, osum); return 0; } My question concerns the mechanics of the scanf() function. It seems that when you enter several numbers at once separated by spaces (eg. 1 22 34 2 8), the scanf() function somehow remembers each distinct numbers in the line, and steps through the while loop for each one respectively. Why/how does this happen? Example interaction within command prompt: - Please enter some numbers, 0 to terminate: 42 8 77 23 11 (enter) 0 (enter) - The sum of evens:50, The sum of odds:111 I'm running the program through the command prompt, it's compiled for win32 platforms with visual studio.

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• Differences between Assembly Code output of the same program

  - by ultrajohn

  I have been trying to replicate the buffer overflow example3 from this article aleph one I'm doing this as a practice for a project in a computer security course i'm taking so please, I badly need your help. I've been the following the example, performing the tasks as I go along. My problem is the assembly code dumped by gdb in my computer (i'm doing this on a debian linux image running on VM Ware) is different from that of the example in the article. There are some constructs which I find confusing. Here is the one from my computer: here is the one from the article... Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8000490 <main>: pushl %ebp 0x8000491 <main+1>: movl %esp,%ebp 0x8000493 <main+3>: subl $0x4,%esp 0x8000496 <main+6>: movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x800049d <main+13>: pushl $0x3 0x800049f <main+15>: pushl $0x2 0x80004a1 <main+17>: pushl $0x1 0x80004a3 <main+19>: call 0x8000470 <function> 0x80004a8 <main+24>: addl $0xc,%esp 0x80004ab <main+27>: movl $0x1,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x80004b2 <main+34>: movl 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax 0x80004b5 <main+37>: pushl %eax 0x80004b6 <main+38>: pushl $0x80004f8 0x80004bb <main+43>: call 0x8000378 <printf> 0x80004c0 <main+48>: addl $0x8,%esp 0x80004c3 <main+51>: movl %ebp,%esp 0x80004c5 <main+53>: popl %ebp 0x80004c6 <main+54>: ret 0x80004c7 <main+55>: nop As you can see, there are differences between the two. I'm confuse and I can't understand totally the assembly code from my computer. I would like to know the differences between the two. How is pushl different from push, mov vs movl , and so on... what does the expression 0xhexavalue(%register) means? I am sorry If I'm asking a lot, But I badly need your help. Thanks for the help really...

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• CGI Buffering issue

  - by Punit

  I have a server side C based CGI code as: cgiFormFileSize("UPDATEFILE", &size); //UPDATEFILE = file being uploaded cgiFormFileName("UPDATEFILE", file_name, 1024); cgiFormFileContentType("UPDATEFILE", mime_type, 1024); buffer = malloc(sizeof(char) * size); if (cgiFormFileOpen("UPDATEFILE", &file) != cgiFormSuccess) { exit(1); } output = fopen("/tmp/cgi.tar.gz", "w+"); printf("The size of file is: %d bytes", size); inc = size/(1024*100); while (cgiFormFileRead(file, b, sizeof(b), &got_count) == cgiFormSuccess) { fwrite(b,sizeof(char),got_count,output); i++; if(i == inc && j<=100) { ***inc_pb*** = j; i = 0; j++; // j is the progress bar increment value } } cgiFormFileClose(file); retval = system("mkdir /tmp/update-tmp;\ cd /tmp/update-tmp;\ tar -xzf ../cgi.tar.gz;\ bash -c /tmp/update-tmp/update.sh"); However, this doesn't work the way as is seen above. Instead of printing 1,2,...100 to progress_bar.txt one by one it prints at ONE GO, seems it buffers and then writes to the file. fflush() also didn't work. Any clue/suggestion would be really appreciated.

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• program won't find math.h anymore

  - by 130490868091234

  After a long time, I downloaded a program I co-developed and tried to recompile it on my Ubuntu Linux 12.04, but it seems it does not find math.h anymore. This may be because something has changed recently in gcc, but I can't figure out if it's something wrong in src/Makefile.am or a missing dependency: Download from http://www.ub.edu/softevol/variscan/: tar xzf variscan-2.0.2.tar.gz cd variscan-2.0.2/ make distclean sh ./autogen.sh make I get: [...] gcc -DNDEBUG -O3 -W -Wall -ansi -pedantic -lm -o variscan variscan.o statistics.o common.o linefile.o memalloc.o dlist.o errabort.o dystring.o intExp.o kxTok.o pop.o window.o free.o output.o readphylip.o readaxt.o readmga.o readmaf.o readhapmap.o readxmfa.o readmav.o ran1.o swcolumn.o swnet.o swpoly.o swref.o statistics.o: In function `calculate_Fu_and_Li_D': statistics.c:(.text+0x497): undefined reference to `sqrt' statistics.o: In function `calculate_Fu_and_Li_F': statistics.c:(.text+0x569): undefined reference to `sqrt' statistics.o: In function `calculate_Fu_and_Li_D_star': statistics.c:(.text+0x63b): undefined reference to `sqrt' statistics.o: In function `calculate_Fu_and_Li_F_star': statistics.c:(.text+0x75c): undefined reference to `sqrt' statistics.o: In function `calculate_Tajima_D': statistics.c:(.text+0x85d): undefined reference to `sqrt' statistics.o:statistics.c:(.text+0xcb1): more undefined references to `sqrt' follow statistics.o: In function `calcRunMode21Stats': statistics.c:(.text+0xe02): undefined reference to `log' statistics.o: In function `correctedDivergence': statistics.c:(.text+0xe5a): undefined reference to `log' statistics.o: In function `calcRunMode22Stats': statistics.c:(.text+0x104a): undefined reference to `sqrt' statistics.o: In function `calculate_Fu_fs': statistics.c:(.text+0x11a8): undefined reference to `fabsl' statistics.c:(.text+0x11ca): undefined reference to `powl' statistics.c:(.text+0x11f2): undefined reference to `logl' statistics.o: In function `calculateStatistics': statistics.c:(.text+0x13f2): undefined reference to `log' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[1]: *** [variscan] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/avilella/variscan/latest/variscan-2.0.2/src' make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 The libraries are there because this simple example works perfectly well: $ gcc test.c -o test -lm $ cat test.c #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> int main(void) { double x = 0.5; double result = sqrt(x); printf("The hyperbolic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); return 0; } Any ideas?

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• select failing with C program but not shell

  - by Gary

  So I have a parent and child process, and the parent can read output from the child and send to the input of the child. So far, everything has been working fine with shell scripts, testing commands which input and output data. I just tested with a simple C program and couldn't get it to work. Here's the C program: #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char stuff[80]; printf("Enter some stuff:\n"); scanf("%s", stuff); return 0; } The problem with with the C program is that my select fails to read from the child fd and hence the program cannot finish. Here's the bit that does the select.. //wait till child is ready fd_set set; struct timeval timeout; FD_ZERO( &set ); // initialize fd set FD_SET( PARENT_READ, &set ); // add child in to set timeout.tv_sec = 3; timeout.tv_usec = 0; int r = select(FD_SETSIZE, &set, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if( r < 1 ) { // we didn't get any input exit(1); } Does anyone have any idea why this would happen with the C program and not a shell one? Thanks!

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