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  • hash tables and 2d vectors

    - by Sunil
    I want to push a 2d vector into a hash table row by row and later search for a row (vector) in the hash table and want to be able to find it. I want to do something like #include <iostream> #include <set> #include <vector> using namespace std; int main(){ std::set < vector<int> > myset; vector< vector<int> > v; int k = 0; for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) { v.push_back ( vector<int>() ); for ( int j = 0; j < 5; j++ ) v[i].push_back ( k++ ); } for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) { std::copy(v[i].begin(),v[i].end(),std::inserter(myset)); // This is not correct but what is the right way ? // and also here, I want to search for a particular vector if it exists in the table. for ex. the second row of vector v. } return 0; } I'm not sure how to insert and look up a vector in a set. So if nybody could guide me, it will be helpful. Thanks

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  • rotate a star in opengl (2D)

    - by nova a
    I have a 2D star, and I don't know how to rotate it around its center, and I also don't know how to do it with a keyboard key. Also how can I make my object bigger or smaller by a certain percentage (because when I tried to do it by changing pixels, the star goes wrong). This is my code: #include <GL/glut.h> #include <GL/gl.h> #include <GL/freeglut.h> void init (void) { glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,00); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); gluOrtho2D(0.0,200.0,0.0,200.0); } void LineSegment(void) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); glVertex2i(20,120); glVertex2i(180,120); glVertex2i(45,20); glVertex2i(100,190); glVertex2i(155,20); glEnd(); glFlush(); } int main(int argc,char** argv) { glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowPosition(50,100); glutCreateWindow("STAR"); init(); glutDisplayFunc(LineSegment); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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  • printing 2d table (headers)

    - by k0re
    Hi Is there are a better way than this one to print 2d table? std::cout << std::setw(25) << left << "FF.name" << std::setw(25) << left << "BB.name" << std::setw(12) << left << "sw.cycles" << std::setw(12) << left << "hw.cycles" << "\n" << std::setw(25) << left << "------" << std::setw(25) << left << "------" << std::setw(12) << left << "---------" << std::setw(12) << left << "---------" << "\n";

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  • What trivial real-life example do you use to explain programming to total non-programmers?

    - by anon
    Programmers seem to live in a world of their own (as this site indicates), with their own vibrant culture - and their own premises and vocabulary. Once we've been in the field for a bit, we take a lot of things for granted. But I'm often faced with the question "What do you do?" Or "What is programming?" I generally try to answer this with a small, often trivial, real-world example of how programming is prevalent in our everyday lives and keeps things running. The example I use most often is an elevator - someone has to program the logic of that... And I've seen elevators that are "smart" and ones that are quite backwards and foolish. (And you can easily understand if/decision and looping from that... incorporates a lot of important programming concepts in a very small example.) I've sometimes heard people use traffic lights as an example. What example do you / would you use to explain the concept of programming to someone completely clueless?

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  • What are the possible options for AI path-finding etc when the world is "partitionned"?

    - by Sebastien Diot
    If you anticipate a large persistent game world, and you don't want to end up with some game server crashing due to overload, then you have to design from the ground up a game world that is partitioned in chunks. This is in particular true if you want to run your game servers in the cloud, where each individual VM is relatively week, and memory and CPU are at a premium. I think the biggest challenge here is that the player receives all the parts around the location of the avatar, but mobs/monsters are normally located in the server itself, and can only directly access the data about the part of the world that the server own. So how can we make the AI behave realistically in that context? It can send queries to the other servers that own the neighboring parts, but that sounds rather network intensive and latency prone. It would probably be more performant for each mob AI to be spread over the neighboring parts, and proactively send the relevant info to the part that contains the actual mob atm. That would also reduce the stress in a mob crossing a border between two parts, and therefore "switching server". Have you heard of any AI design that solves those issues? Some kind of distributed AI brain? Maybe some kind of "agent" community working together through message passing?

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  • Is there any place to find real-world usage-style tutorials for programming languages?

    - by OleDid
    Let's face it. When you want to learn something completely new, be it mathematics or foreign languages, it's easiest to learn when you get real world scenarios in front of you, with theory applied. For example, trigonometry can be extremely interesting when applied to creation of 2D platform games. Norwegian can be really interesting to learn if you live in Norway. When I try to look at a new programming language, I always find these steps the hardest: What tools do I need to compile and how do I do it Introduction-step: Why is this programming language so cool? Where and how is it used? (The step I am looking for, real-world scenarios) The rest, deep diving into the language, pure theory and such, is often much easier if you have completed step 1 and 2. Because now you know what it's all about, and can just read the specification when you need to. What I ask is, do you have any recommendations for places I can find such material for programming languages? Be it websites or companies selling books in this style, I'm interested. Also, I am interested in all languages. (If I had found a "real-world usage" explained for even INTERCAL, I would be interested). In some other thread here, I found a book called "Seven Languages in Seven Weeks". This is kind of what I am looking for, but I believe there must be "more like this".

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  • HLSL What you get when you subtract world position from InvertViewProjection.Transform?

    - by cubrman
    In one of NVIDIA's Vertex shaders (the metal one) I found the following code: // transform object normals, tangents, & binormals to world-space: float4x4 WorldITXf : WorldInverseTranspose < string UIWidget="None"; >; // provide tranform from "view" or "eye" coords back to world-space: float4x4 ViewIXf : ViewInverse < string UIWidget="None"; >; ... float4 Po = float4(IN.Position.xyz,1); // homogeneous location coordinates float4 Pw = mul(Po,WorldXf); // convert to "world" space OUT.WorldView = normalize(ViewIXf[3].xyz - Pw.xyz); The term OUT.WorldView is subsequently used in a Pixel Shader to compute lighting: float3 Ln = normalize(IN.LightVec.xyz); float3 Nn = normalize(IN.WorldNormal); float3 Vn = normalize(IN.WorldView); float3 Hn = normalize(Vn + Ln); float4 litV = lit(dot(Ln,Nn),dot(Hn,Nn),SpecExpon); DiffuseContrib = litV.y * Kd * LightColor + AmbiColor; SpecularContrib = litV.z * LightColor; Can anyone tell me what exactly is WorldView here? And why do they add it to the normal?

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  • How do I get mouse x / y of the world plane in Unity?

    - by Discipol
    I am trying to make a tiled landscape. The terrain itself is not made from tiles but the world has a grid which I define. I would like to place boxes/rectangles which snap to this grid, at runtime, but in order for me to do that I must get a projection from the user screen to the real-world coordinates. I have tried various examples using the Ray class but nothing worked. It compiles and outputs a constant value no matter where I put the mouse. I have tried to add some tiles and try to detect them but no luck. I also tried with one plane as big as my world but still no luck. I am using C# but even a JS version would be helpful. This technique involves calculating which tile the mouse is under by the x and y positions. Perhaps detecting which tile itself is being pointed to would be a simpler task, at which point I can just retrieve its i/j properties. Update: I got it working thanks to some answers, but the ball freaks out towards the far end of the plane. Why is this? https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9pqnl30lm6uwm6h/AACc2JcbW16z6PuHFLLfCAX6a

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  • Is this a good way to do a game loop for an iPhone game?

    - by Danny Tuppeny
    Hi all, I'm new to iPhone dev, but trying to build a 2D game. I was following a book, but the game loop it created basically said: function gameLoop update() render() sleep(1/30th second) gameLoop The reasoning was that this would run at 30fps. However, this seemed a little mental, because if my frame took 1/30th second, then it would run at 15fps (since it'll spend as much time sleeping as updating). So, I did some digging and found the CADisplayLink class which would sync calls to my gameLoop function to the refresh rate (or a fraction of it). I can't find many samples of it, so I'm posting here for a code review :-) It seems to work as expected, and it includes passing the elapsed (frame) time into the Update method so my logic can be framerate-independant (however I can't actually find in the docs what CADisplayLink would do if my frame took more than its allowed time to run - I'm hoping it just does its best to catch up, and doesn't crash!). // // GameAppDelegate.m // // Created by Danny Tuppeny on 10/03/2010. // Copyright Danny Tuppeny 2010. All rights reserved. // #import "GameAppDelegate.h" #import "GameViewController.h" #import "GameStates/gsSplash.h" @implementation GameAppDelegate @synthesize window; @synthesize viewController; - (void) applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { // Create an instance of the first GameState (Splash Screen) [self doStateChange:[gsSplash class]]; // Set up the game loop displayLink = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:self selector:@selector(gameLoop)]; [displayLink setFrameInterval:2]; [displayLink addToRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode]; } - (void) gameLoop { // Calculate how long has passed since the previous frame CFTimeInterval currentFrameTime = [displayLink timestamp]; CFTimeInterval elapsed = 0; // For the first frame, we want to pass 0 (since we haven't elapsed any time), so only // calculate this in the case where we're not the first frame if (lastFrameTime != 0) { elapsed = currentFrameTime - lastFrameTime; } // Keep track of this frames time (so we can calculate this next time) lastFrameTime = currentFrameTime; NSLog([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%f", elapsed]); // Call update, passing the elapsed time in [((GameState*)viewController.view) Update:elapsed]; } - (void) doStateChange:(Class)state { // Remove the previous GameState if (viewController.view != nil) { [viewController.view removeFromSuperview]; [viewController.view release]; } // Create the new GameState viewController.view = [[state alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, IPHONE_WIDTH, IPHONE_HEIGHT) andManager:self]; // Now set as visible [window addSubview:viewController.view]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; } - (void) dealloc { [viewController release]; [window release]; [super dealloc]; } @end Any feedback would be appreciated :-) PS. Bonus points if you can tell me why all the books use "viewController.view" but for everything else seem to use "[object name]" format. Why not [viewController view]?

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  • The most efficient method of drawing multiple quads in OpenGL

    - by CPatton
    I'm not very keen with OpenGL and I was wondering if someone could give me some insight on this. I'm a 'seasoned' programmer, I've read the redbook about VBOs and the like, but I was wondering from a more experienced person about the best/most efficient way of achieving this. I've been producing this 2d tile-based game engine to be used in several projects. I have a class called "ScreenObject" which is mainly composed of a Dictionary<Point, Tile> The Point key is to show where to render the Tile on the screen, and the Tile contains one or more textures to be drawn at that point. This ScreenObject is where the tiles will be modified, deleted, added, etc.. My original method of drawing the tiles in the testing I've done was to iterate through the ScreenObject and draw each quad at each location separately. From what I've read, this is a massive waste of resources. It wasn't horribly slow in the testing, but after I've completed the animation classes and effect classes, I'm sure it would be extremely slow. And one last thing, if you wouldn't mind.. As I said before, the Tile class can contain multiple textures to be drawn at the Point location on the screen. I recognize possibly two options for me here. Either add a quad at that location for each texture to be drawn, or, somehow.. use a multiple texture for the same quad (if it's possible). Even if each tile contained one texture only, that would be 64 quads to be drawn on the screen. Most of the tiles will contain 2-5 textures, so the number of total quads would increase dramatically with this method. Would it be feasible to add a quad for each new texture, or am I ignoring a better way to do this? Just need some help understanding this if you don't mind :) I've tried to be as concise as possible, and I'd greatly appreciate any responses.. and even some criticism. Programming is often a learning process and one who develops seems to never stops learning. Thanks for your time.

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  • iphone quartz drawing 2 lines on top of each other causes worm effect

    - by Leonard
    I'm using Quartz-2D for iPhone to display a route on a map. The route is colored according to temperature. Because some streets are colored yellow, I am using a slightly thicker black line under the route line to create a border effect, so that yellow parts of the route are spottable on yellow streets. But, even if the black line is as thick as the route line, the whole route looks like a worm (very ugly). I tought this was because I was drawing lines from waypoint to waypoint, instead using the last waypoint as the next starting waypoint. That way if there is a couple of waypoints missing, the route will still have no cuts. What do I need to do to display both lines without a worm effect? -(void) drawRect:(CGRect) rect { CSRouteAnnotation* routeAnnotation = (CSRouteAnnotation*)self.routeView.annotation; // only draw our lines if we're not int he moddie of a transition and we // acutally have some points to draw. if(!self.hidden && nil != routeAnnotation.points && routeAnnotation.points.count > 0) { CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); Waypoint* fromWaypoint = [[Waypoint alloc] initWithDictionary:[routeAnnotation.points objectAtIndex:0]]; Waypoint* toWaypoint; for(int idx = 1; idx < routeAnnotation.points.count; idx++) { toWaypoint = [[Waypoint alloc] initWithDictionary:[routeAnnotation.points objectAtIndex:idx]]; CLLocation* fromLocation = [fromWaypoint getLocation]; CGPoint fromPoint = [self.routeView.mapView convertCoordinate:fromLocation.coordinate toPointToView:self]; CLLocation* toLocation = [toWaypoint getLocation]; CGPoint toPoint = [self.routeView.mapView convertCoordinate:toLocation.coordinate toPointToView:self]; routeAnnotation.lineColor = [fromWaypoint.weather getTemperatureColor]; CGContextBeginPath(context); CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 3.0); CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, [UIColor blackColor].CGColor); CGContextMoveToPoint(context, fromPoint.x, fromPoint.y); CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, toPoint.x, toPoint.y); CGContextStrokePath(context); CGContextClosePath(context); CGContextBeginPath(context); CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 3.0); CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, routeAnnotation.lineColor.CGColor); CGContextMoveToPoint(context, fromPoint.x, fromPoint.y); CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, toPoint.x, toPoint.y); CGContextStrokePath(context); CGContextClosePath(context); fromWaypoint = toWaypoint; } [fromWaypoint release]; [toWaypoint release]; } } Also, I get a <Error>: CGContextClosePath: no current point. error, which I think is bullshit. Please hint me! :)

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  • Problem intialising 2D array

    - by TeeJay
    Ok, so I have a 2D Array that is initialised with values from a file (format: x y z). My file reads in the values correctly but when adding the z value to the matrix/2DArray, I run into a segfault and I have no idea why. It is possibly incorrect use of pointers? I still don't quite have the hang of them yet. This is my intialiser, works fine, even intialises all "z" values to 0. int** make2DArray(int rows, int columns) { int** newArray; newArray = (int**)malloc(rows*sizeof(int*)); if (newArray == NULL) { printf("out of memory for newArray.\n"); } for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) { newArray[i] = (int*)malloc(columns*sizeof(int)); if (newArray[i] == NULL) { printf("out of memory for newArray[%d].\n", i); } } //intialise all values to 0 for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) { newArray[i][j] = 0; } } return newArray; } This is how I call the initialiser (and problem function). int** map = make2DArray(rows, columns); fillMatrix(&map, mapFile); And this is the problem code. void fillMatrix(int*** inMatrix, FILE* inFile) { int x, y, z; char line[100]; while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), inFile) != NULL) { sscanf(line, "%d %d %d", &x, &y, &z); *inMatrix[x][y] = z; } } From what I can gather through the use of ddd, the problem comes when y gets to 47. The map file has a max "x" value of 47 and a max "y" value of 63, I'm pretty sure I haven't got the order mixed up, so I don't know why the program is segfault-ing? I'm sure it's some newbie mistake...

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  • Python - multithreading / multiprocessing, very strange problem.

    - by orokusaki
    import uuid import time import multiprocessing def sleep_then_write(content): time.sleep(5) print(content) if __name__ == '__main__': for i in range(15): p = multiprocessing.Process(target=sleep_then_write, args=('Hello World',)) p.start() print('Ah, what a hard day of threading...') This script output the following: Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... AAh, what a hard day of threading.. h, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Ah, what a hard day of threading... Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Firstly, why the heck did it print the bottom statement sixteen times (one for each process) instead of just the one time? Second, notice the AAh, and h, about half way down; that was the real output. This makes me wary of using threads ever, now. (Windows XP, Python 2.6.4, Core 2 Duo)

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  • Drawing an image in Java, slow as hell on a netbook.

    - by Norswap
    In follow-up to my previous questions (especially this one : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2684123/java-volatileimage-slower-than-bufferedimage), i have noticed that simply drawing an Image (it doesn't matter if it's buffered or volatile, since the computer has no accelerated memory*, and tests shows it's doesn't change anything), tends to be very long. (*) System.out.println(GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment() .getDefaultScreenDevice().getAvailableAcceleratedMemory()); --> 0 How long ? For a 500x400 image, about 0.04 seconds. This is only drawing the image on the backbuffer (obtained via buffer strategy). Now considering that world of warcraft runs on that netbook (tough it is quite laggy) and that online java games seems to have no problem whatsoever, this is quite thought provoking. I'm quite certain I didn't miss something obvious, I've searched extensively the web, but nothing will do. So do any of you java whiz have an idea of what obscure problem might be causing this (or maybe it is normal, tough I doubt it) ? PS : As I'm writing this I realized this might be cause by my Linux installation (archlinux) tough I have the correct Intel driver. But my computer normally has "Integrated Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950", which would mean it should have accelerated video memory somehow. Any ideas about this side of things ?

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  • Joystick input in Java

    - by typoknig
    Hi all, I am making a 2D game in Java and I want to use a joystick to control the movement of some crosshairs. Right now I have it so the mouse can control those crosshairs. My only criteria for this is that the control for the crosshair must stay in the game window unless a user clicks off into another window. Basically I want my game to capture whatever device is controlling the crosshairs much like a virtual machine captures a mouse. The joystick I am using (Thrustmaster Hotas Cougar) comes with some pretty advanced features, so that may make this easier (or harder). I have tried the solution listed on this page, but I am using a 64bit computer and for some reason it does not like that. I have also tried to use the key emulation feature of my joystick, but with little success. Here is what I have so far, any pointer would be appreciated. Main Class: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Cursor; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.MemoryImageSource; import java.awt.Point; import java.awt.Toolkit; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Game extends JFrame implements MouseMotionListener{ private int windowWidth = 1280; private int windowHeight = 1024; private Crosshair crosshair; public static void main(String[] args) { new Game(); } public Game() { this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.setSize(windowWidth, windowHeight); this.setResizable(false); this.setLocation(0,0); this.setVisible(true); this.createBufferStrategy(2); addMouseMotionListener(this); initGame(); while(true) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); gameLoop(); while(System.currentTimeMillis()-start < 5) { //empty while loop } } } private void initGame() { hideCursor(); crosshair = new Crosshair (windowWidth/2, windowHeight/2); } private void gameLoop() { //game logic drawFrame(); } private void drawFrame() { BufferStrategy bf = this.getBufferStrategy(); Graphics g = (Graphics)bf.getDrawGraphics(); try { g = bf.getDrawGraphics(); Color darkBlue = new Color(0x010040); g.setColor(darkBlue); g.fillRect(0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight); drawCrossHair(g); } finally { g.dispose(); } bf.show(); Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync(); } private void drawCrossHair(Graphics g){ Color yellow = new Color (0xEDFF62); g.setColor(yellow); g.drawOval(crosshair.x, crosshair.y, 40, 40); g.fillArc(crosshair.x + 10, crosshair.y + 21 , 20, 20, -45, -90); g.fillArc(crosshair.x - 1, crosshair.y + 10, 20, 20, -135, -90); g.fillArc(crosshair.x + 10, crosshair.y - 1, 20, 20, -225, -90); g.fillArc(crosshair.x + 21, crosshair.y + 10, 20, 20, -315, -90); } @Override public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { //empty method } @Override public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { crosshair.x = e.getX(); crosshair.y = e.getY(); } private void hideCursor() { int[] pixels = new int[16 * 16]; Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(new MemoryImageSource(16, 16, pixels, 0, 16)); Cursor transparentCursor = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createCustomCursor(image, new Point(0, 0), "invisiblecursor"); getContentPane().setCursor(transparentCursor); } } Another Class: public class Crosshair{ public int x; public int y; public Crosshair(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } }

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  • Javascript phsyics in a 2d space

    - by eroo
    So, I am working on teaching myself Canvas (HTML5) and have most of a simple game engine coded up. It is a 2d representation of a space scene (planets, stars, celestial bodies, etc). My default "Sprite" class has a frame listener like such: "baseClass" contains a function that allows inheritance and applies "a" to "this.a". So, "var aTest = new Sprite({foo: 'bar'});" would make "aTest.foo = 'bar'". This is how I expose my objects to each other. { Sprite = baseClass.extend({ init: function(a){ baseClass.init(this, a); this.fields = new Array(); // list of fields of gravity one is in. Not sure if this is a good idea. this.addFL(function(tick){ // this will change to be independent of framerate soon. // and this is where I need help // gobjs is an array of all the Sprite objects in the "world". for(i = 0; i < gobjs.length; i++){ // Make sure its got setup correctly, make sure it -wants- gravity, and make sure it's not -this- sprite. if(typeof(gobjs[i].a) != undefined && !gobjs[i].a.ignoreGravity && gobjs[i].id != this.id){ // Check if it's within a certain range (obviously, gravity doesn't work this way... But I plan on having a large "space" area, // And I can't very well have all objects accounted for at all times, can I? if(this.distanceTo(gobjs[i]) < this.s.size*10 && gobjs[i].fields.indexOf(this.id) == -1){ gobjs[i].fields.push(this.id); } } } for(i = 0; i < this.fields.length; i++){ distance = this.distanceTo(gobjs[this.fields[i]]); angletosun = this.angleTo(gobjs[this.fields[i]])*(180/Math.PI); // .angleTo works very well, returning the angle in radians, which I convert to degrees here. // I have no idea what should happen here, although through trial and error (and attempting to read Maths papers on gravity (eeeeek!)), this sort of mimics gravity. // angle is its orientation, currently I assign a constant velocity to one of my objects, and leave the other static (it ignores gravity, but still emits it). this.a.angle = angletosun+(75+(distance*-1)/5); //todo: omg learn math if(this.distanceTo(gobjs[this.fields[i]]) > gobjs[this.fields[i]].a.size*10) this.fields.splice(i); // out of range, stop effecting. } }); } }); } Thanks in advance. The real trick is that one line: { this.a.angle = angletosun+(75+(distance*-1)/5); } This is more a physics question than Javascript, but I've searched and searched and read way to many wiki articles on orbital mathematics. It gets over my head very quickly. Edit: There is a weirdness with the SO formatting; forgives me, I is noobie.

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  • Algorithm to select groups of similar items in 2d array

    - by mafutrct
    There is a 2d array of items (in my case they are called Intersections). A certain item is given as a start. The task is to find all items directly or indirectly connected to this item that satisfy a certain function. So the basic algorithm is like this: Add the start to the result list. Repeat until no modification: Add each item in the array that satisfies the function and touches any item in the result list to the result list. My current implementation looks like this: private IList<Intersection> SelectGroup ( Intersection start, Func<Intersection, Intersection, bool> select) { List<Intersection> result = new List<Intersection> (); Queue<Intersection> source = new Queue<Intersection> (); source.Enqueue (start); while (source.Any ()) { var s = source.Dequeue (); result.Add (s); foreach (var neighbour in Neighbours (s)) { if (select (start, neighbour) && !result.Contains (neighbour) && !source.Contains (neighbour)) { source.Enqueue (neighbour); } } } Debug.Assert (result.Distinct ().Count () == result.Count ()); Debug.Assert (result.All (x => select (x, result.First ()))); return result; } private List<Intersection> Neighbours (IIntersection intersection) { int x = intersection.X; int y = intersection.Y; List<Intersection> list = new List<Intersection> (); if (x > 1) { list.Add (GetIntersection (x - 1, y)); } if (y > 1) { list.Add (GetIntersection (x, y - 1)); } if (x < Size) { list.Add (GetIntersection (x + 1, y)); } if (y < Size) { list.Add (GetIntersection (x, y + 1)); } return list; } (The select function takes a start item and returns true iff the second item satisfies.) This does its job and turned out to be reasonable fast for the usual array sizes (about 20*20). However, I'm interested in further improvements. Any ideas? Example (X satisfies in relation to other Xs, . does never satisfy): .... XX.. .XX. X... In this case, there are 2 groups: a central group of 4 items and a group of a single item in the lower left. Selecting the group (for instance by starting item [2, 2]) returns the former, while the latter can be selected using the starting item and sole return value [0, 3]. Example 2: .A.. ..BB A.AA This time there are 4 groups. The 3 A groups are not connected, so they are returned as separate groups. The bigger A and B groups are connected, but A does not related to B so they are returned as separate groups.

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  • texture colours opengl

    - by user1324894
    Hi I am making a simple 2D game in c++ and for the map I am doing texture mapping by using tiles and assigning textures to those tiles. However, when I run the programme the textures become black and white when I want them to be the colour they are in the .png image. This is my code: int worldMap[10][10] = { {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, }; void background() { glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); /**********************************************************************************************/ // Texture loading object nv::Image img; // Return true on success if(img.loadImageFromFile("Image_Loading/field.png")) { glGenTextures(1, &myTexture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, myTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP, GL_TRUE); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, img.getInternalFormat(), img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), 0, img.getFormat(), img.getType(), img.getLevel(0)); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT ); glTexParameterf( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT ); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, 16.0f); } else MessageBox(NULL, "Failed to load texture", "End of the world", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); /**********************************************************************************************/ } void drawTiles (void) { //our function to draw the tiles for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) //loop through the height of the map { for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) //loop through the width of the map { if (worldMap[i][j] == 0) //if the map at this position contains a 0 { glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, myTexture ); //bind our grass texture to our shape } glPushMatrix(); //push the matrix so that our translations only affect this tile glTranslatef(j, -i, 0); //translate the tile to where it should belong glBegin (GL_QUADS); //begin drawing our quads glTexCoord2d(10, 0); glVertex2f((-10 + mapX),(-10 + mapY)); //with our vertices we have to assign a texcoord glTexCoord2d(10, 0); glVertex2f((10 + mapX),(-10 + mapY)); //so that our texture has some points to draw to glTexCoord2d(10, 10); glVertex2f((10 + mapX),(10 + mapY)); glTexCoord2d(0, 10); glVertex2f((-10 + mapX),(10 + mapY)); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //pop the matrix } //end first loop } //end second loop } void display() { glClearColor (0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); /**********************************************************************************************/ glMatrixMode( GL_PROJECTION ); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D( -5, 5, -5, 5); glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW ); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, myTexture); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); drawTiles(); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDisable(GL_BLEND); /**********************************************************************************************/ } void character () { glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f((-0.5+characterX),(-0.5 +characterY)); glVertex2f((-0.5+characterX),(0.5+characterY)); glVertex2f((0.5+characterX),(0.5+characterY)); glVertex2f((0.5+characterX),(-0.5+characterY)); glTranslatef(characterX, characterY, 0.0f); glEnd(); } Can anybody help please?

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  • Confusion testing fftw3 - poisson equation 2d test

    - by user3699736
    I am having trouble explaining/understanding the following phenomenon: To test fftw3 i am using the 2d poisson test case: laplacian(f(x,y)) = - g(x,y) with periodic boundary conditions. After applying the fourier transform to the equation we obtain : F(kx,ky) = G(kx,ky) /(kx² + ky²) (1) if i take g(x,y) = sin (x) + sin(y) , (x,y) \in [0,2 \pi] i have immediately f(x,y) = g(x,y) which is what i am trying to obtain with the fft : i compute G from g with a forward Fourier transform From this i can compute the Fourier transform of f with (1). Finally, i compute f with the backward Fourier transform (without forgetting to normalize by 1/(nx*ny)). In practice, the results are pretty bad? (For instance, the amplitude for N = 256 is twice the amplitude obtained with N = 512) Even worse, if i try g(x,y) = sin(x)*sin(y) , the curve has not even the same form of the solution. (note that i must change the equation; i divide by two the laplacian in this case : (1) becomes F(kx,ky) = 2*G(kx,ky)/(kx²+ky²) Here is the code: /* * fftw test -- double precision */ #include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <fftw3.h> using namespace std; int main() { int N = 128; int i, j ; double pi = 3.14159265359; double *X, *Y ; X = (double*) malloc(N*sizeof(double)); Y = (double*) malloc(N*sizeof(double)); fftw_complex *out1, *in2, *out2, *in1; fftw_plan p1, p2; double L = 2.*pi; double dx = L/((N - 1)*1.0); in1 = (fftw_complex*) fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*(N*N) ); out2 = (fftw_complex*) fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*(N*N) ); out1 = (fftw_complex*) fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*(N*N) ); in2 = (fftw_complex*) fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*(N*N) ); p1 = fftw_plan_dft_2d(N, N, in1, out1, FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_MEASURE ); p2 = fftw_plan_dft_2d(N, N, in2, out2, FFTW_BACKWARD,FFTW_MEASURE); for(i = 0; i < N; i++){ X[i] = -pi + (i*1.0)*2.*pi/((N - 1)*1.0) ; for(j = 0; j < N; j++){ Y[j] = -pi + (j*1.0)*2.*pi/((N - 1)*1.0) ; in1[i*N + j][0] = sin(X[i]) + sin(Y[j]) ; // row major ordering //in1[i*N + j][0] = sin(X[i]) * sin(Y[j]) ; // 2nd test case in1[i*N + j][1] = 0 ; } } fftw_execute(p1); // FFT forward for ( i = 0; i < N; i++){ // f = g / ( kx² + ky² ) for( j = 0; j < N; j++){ in2[i*N + j][0] = out1[i*N + j][0]/ (i*i+j*j+1e-16); in2[i*N + j][1] = out1[i*N + j][1]/ (i*i+j*j+1e-16); //in2[i*N + j][0] = 2*out1[i*N + j][0]/ (i*i+j*j+1e-16); // 2nd test case //in2[i*N + j][1] = 2*out1[i*N + j][1]/ (i*i+j*j+1e-16); } } fftw_execute(p2); //FFT backward // checking the results computed double erl1 = 0.; for ( i = 0; i < N; i++) { for( j = 0; j < N; j++){ erl1 += fabs( in1[i*N + j][0] - out2[i*N + j][0]/N/N )*dx*dx; cout<< i <<" "<< j<<" "<< sin(X[i])+sin(Y[j])<<" "<< out2[i*N+j][0]/N/N <<" "<< endl; // > output } } cout<< erl1 << endl ; // L1 error fftw_destroy_plan(p1); fftw_destroy_plan(p2); fftw_free(out1); fftw_free(out2); fftw_free(in1); fftw_free(in2); return 0; } I can't find any (more) mistakes in my code (i installed the fftw3 library last week) and i don't see a problem with the maths either but i don't think it's the fft's fault. Hence my predicament. I am all out of ideas and all out of google as well. Any help solving this puzzle would be greatly appreciated. note : compiling : g++ test.cpp -lfftw3 -lm executing : ./a.out output and i use gnuplot in order to plot the curves : (in gnuplot ) splot "output" u 1:2:4 ( for the computed solution )

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  • Converting a WPFToolkit DataGrid from 1D list to 2D matrix

    - by user61073
    Hello - I am wondering if anyone has attempted the following or has an idea as to how to do it. I have a WPFToolkit DataGrid which is bound to an ObservableCollection of items. As such, the DataGrid is shown with as many rows in the ObservableCollection, and as many columns as I have defined in for the DataGrid. That all is good. What I now need is to provide another view of the same data, only, instead, the DataGrid is shown with as many cells in the ObservableCollection. So let's say, my ObservableCollection has 100 items in it. The original scenario showed the DataGrid with 100 rows and 1 column. In the modified scenario, I need to show it with 10 rows and 10 columns, where each cell shows the value that was in the original representation. In other words, I need to transform my 1D ObservableCollection to a 2D ObservableCollection and display it in the DataGrid. I know how to do that programmatically in the code behind, but can it be done in XAML? Let me simplify the problem a little, in case anybody can have a crack at this. The XAML below does the following: * Defines an XmlDataProvider just for dummy data * Creates a DataGrid with 10 columns o each column is a DataGridTemplateColumn using the same CellTemplate * The CellTemplate is a simple TextBlock bound to an XML element If you run the XAML below, you will find that the DataGrid ends up with 5 rows, one for each book, and 10 columns that have identical content (all showing the book titles). However, what I am trying to accomplish, albeit with a different data set, is that in this case, I would end up with one row, with each book title appearing in a single cell in row 1, occupying cells 0-4, and nothing in cells 5-9. Then, if I added more data and had 12 books in my XML data source, I would get row 1 completely filled (cells covering the first 10 titles) and row 2 would get the first 2 cells filled. Can my scenario be accomplished primarily in XAML, or should I resign myself to working in the code behind? Any guidance would greatly be appreciated. Thanks so much! <UserControl xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:custom="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wpf/2008/toolkit" mc:Ignorable="d" x:Name="UserControl" d:DesignWidth="600" d:DesignHeight="400" > <UserControl.Resources> <XmlDataProvider x:Key="InventoryData" XPath="Inventory/Books"> <x:XData> <Inventory xmlns=""> <Books> <Book ISBN="0-7356-0562-9" Stock="in" Number="9"> <Title>XML in Action</Title> <Summary>XML Web Technology</Summary> </Book> <Book ISBN="0-7356-1370-2" Stock="in" Number="8"> <Title>Programming Microsoft Windows With C#</Title> <Summary>C# Programming using the .NET Framework</Summary> </Book> <Book ISBN="0-7356-1288-9" Stock="out" Number="7"> <Title>Inside C#</Title> <Summary>C# Language Programming</Summary> </Book> <Book ISBN="0-7356-1377-X" Stock="in" Number="5"> <Title>Introducing Microsoft .NET</Title> <Summary>Overview of .NET Technology</Summary> </Book> <Book ISBN="0-7356-1448-2" Stock="out" Number="4"> <Title>Microsoft C# Language Specifications</Title> <Summary>The C# language definition</Summary> </Book> </Books> <CDs> <CD Stock="in" Number="3"> <Title>Classical Collection</Title> <Summary>Classical Music</Summary> </CD> <CD Stock="out" Number="9"> <Title>Jazz Collection</Title> <Summary>Jazz Music</Summary> </CD> </CDs> </Inventory> </x:XData> </XmlDataProvider> <DataTemplate x:Key="GridCellTemplate"> <TextBlock> <TextBlock.Text> <Binding XPath="Title"/> </TextBlock.Text> </TextBlock> </DataTemplate> </UserControl.Resources> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"> <custom:DataGrid HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" Background="{DynamicResource WindowBackgroundBrush}" HeadersVisibility="All" RowDetailsVisibilityMode="Collapsed" SelectionUnit="CellOrRowHeader" CanUserResizeRows="False" GridLinesVisibility="None" RowHeaderWidth="35" AutoGenerateColumns="False" CanUserReorderColumns="False" CanUserSortColumns="False"> <custom:DataGrid.Columns> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="01" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="02" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="03" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="04" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="05" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="06" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="07" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="08" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="09" /> <custom:DataGridTemplateColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource GridCellTemplate}" Header="10" /> </custom:DataGrid.Columns> <custom:DataGrid.ItemsSource> <Binding Source="{StaticResource InventoryData}" XPath="Book"/> </custom:DataGrid.ItemsSource> </custom:DataGrid> </Grid>

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  • Stopping the animation after you let go of a key

    - by Michael Zeuner
    What I have right now is an animation that starts when I press space: if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_SPACE)) player = movingRightSwingingSword; However when I stop clicking space my animation continues. until I move my player, how do I make it so it stops the animation right when you let go of space? A few lines Animation player, movingUp, movingDown, movingLeft, movingRight, movingRightSwingingSword; int[] duration = {200,200}; public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg) throws SlickException { Image[] attackRight = {new Image("res/buckysRightSword1.png"), new Image("res/buckysRightSword2.png")}; movingRightSwingingSword = new Animation(attackRight, duration, true); } public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, int delta) throws SlickException { if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_SPACE)) player = movingRightSwingingSword; } Full Code package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.*; import org.newdawn.slick.state.*; public class Play extends BasicGameState { Animation player, movingUp, movingDown, movingLeft, movingRight, movingRightSwingingSword; Image worldMap; boolean quit = false; int[] duration = {200,200}; float playerPositionX = 0; float playerPositionY = 0; float shiftX = playerPositionX + 320; float shiftY = playerPositionY + 160; public Play(int state) { } public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg) throws SlickException { worldMap = new Image("res/world.png"); Image[] walkUp = {new Image("res/buckysBack.png"), new Image("res/buckysBack.png")}; Image[] walkDown = {new Image("res/buckysFront.png"), new Image("res/buckysFront.png")}; Image[] walkLeft = {new Image("res/buckysLeft.png"), new Image("res/buckysLeft.png")}; Image[] walkRight = {new Image("res/buckysRight.png"), new Image("res/buckysRight.png")}; Image[] attackRight = {new Image("res/buckysRightSword1.png"), new Image("res/buckysRightSword2.png")}; movingUp = new Animation(walkUp, duration, false); movingDown = new Animation(walkDown, duration, false); movingLeft = new Animation(walkLeft, duration, false); movingRight = new Animation(walkRight, duration, false); //doesnt work! vvv movingRightSwingingSword = new Animation(attackRight, duration, true); player = movingDown; } public void render(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, Graphics g) throws SlickException { worldMap.draw(playerPositionX, playerPositionY); player.draw(shiftX, shiftY); g.drawString("Player X: " + playerPositionX + "\nPlayer Y: " + playerPositionY, 400, 20); if (quit == true) { g.drawString("Resume (R)", 250, 100); g.drawString("MainMenu (M)", 250, 150); g.drawString("Quit Game (Q)", 250, 200); if (quit==false) { g.clear(); } } } public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, int delta) throws SlickException { Input input = gc.getInput(); if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_UP)) { player = movingUp; playerPositionY += delta * .1f; if(playerPositionY>162) playerPositionY -= delta * .1f; } if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_DOWN)) { player = movingDown; playerPositionY -= delta * .1f; if(playerPositionY<-600) playerPositionY += delta * .1f; } if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_RIGHT)) { player = movingRight; playerPositionX -= delta * .1f; if(playerPositionX<-840) playerPositionX += delta * .1f; } if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_LEFT)) { player = movingLeft; playerPositionX += delta * .1f; if(playerPositionX>318) playerPositionX -= delta * .1f; } if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_SPACE)) player = movingRightSwingingSword; if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_ESCAPE)) quit = true; if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_R)) if (quit == true) quit = false; if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_M)) if (quit == true) {sbg.enterState(0); quit = false;} if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_Q)) if (quit == true) System.exit(0); } public int getID() { return 1; } }

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  • Where do we put "asking the world" code when we separate computation from side effects?

    - by Alexey
    According to Command-Query Separation principle, as well as Thinking in Data and DDD with Clojure presentations one should separate side effects (modifying the world) from computations and decisions, so that it would be easier to understand and test both parts. This leaves an unanswered question: where relatively to the boundary should we put "asking the world"? On the one hand, requesting data from external systems (like database, extental services' APIs etc) is not referentially transparent and thus should not sit together with pure computational and decision making code. On the other hand, it's problematic, or maybe impossible to tease them apart from computational part and pass it as an argument as because we may not know in advance which data we may need to request.

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  • How to render axometric/isometric tiles that are a 2d array in logic, but inclined 45º visually?

    - by TheLima
    I am making a tile-based strategy game which i plan to have 2.5D visuals in an axometric/isometric fashion. Right now i'm programming it's logic and rendering it as a literal 2-dimensional array (perfect squares, like an isometric top-down-view). In short, i have something like this: And i want to turn it to something like this: Do i keep going on the 2d-array logic? Is it all just a change in rendering behavior, as i'm thinking it is? or 2d-array is the wrong approach for my objective and I should change before it's too late? What are the ways of doing it, anyways? How should i apply the 2.5D axometric/isometric view (45º rotation to the side, and 45º rotation upwards)?

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  • Do professional software developers still dream of creating industry/world-changing apps?

    - by Andrew Heath
    I'm a hobby programmer. The absence of real world deadlines, customer feedback, or performance reviews leaves me free to daydream about having and implementing The Next Great Idea That Changes the World. Of course I'm aware I probably have a better chance of winning the lottery, but it's fun to imagine knocking out some fully-homebrewed app that destroys the status quo. I know many professional programmers have side projects, some for profit others not. I was wondering on the way to work this morning (non-IT boring work) if having to code for your food tended to dampen the dreaming? Does greater experience leave you jaded and more focused on the projects at hand? Not trying to be a downer, just interested in the mindset of the real software professional :-)

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