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• How do you passthrough native SATA drives to a guest on ESXi?

  - by John

  I have ESXi 4.0 running on an Intel DX58S0 Mothboardboard with an Intel Core i7 930 processor. VT-d is also enabled. I have three drives in the system, drive 0 is used for ESXi. Drive 1 and 2 contain data from an older machine and show up under the "Storage Adapters" section in configuration. I would like to allow a guest machine to access the data on these drives (as nativly as possible). I have enabled passthrough of the motherboard's built in SATA controller (Intel/Marvell 88SE6121 ). This controller shows up in my guest OS, but the guest shows no drives aside from the normal virtual drive. I have tried a Linux guest and Windows7. I have also configured the host machine to try IDE/RAID/ACHI modes for the SATA controller. Any ideas how I can configure one of my guests to get at the raw data on these drives?

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• How to speed up apache

  - by Zen_silence

  We have a server with 8Cores, 16GB of RAM and RAID 0 SAS 10K drives. Our goal is to use this to serve a fairly simple php application quickly. We have tested all other components and we think we have narrowed it down to apache is our bottleneck. I am no apache guru I have done some research and tested a couple things but when i test with JMeter launching 100 concurrent connections against the server the first 10 - 20 come back quickly 30 - 100ms but the rest take between 1000ms to 3000ms. Anyone have any ideas on what to change in our apache config to make this faster right now its a vanilla install of apache.

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• Rules to choose hardware for OLTP systems (sql server)

  - by Roman Pokrovskij

  Ok. We know database size, number of concurrent users, number of transactions per minute; should choose number of processors, RAID, RAM, mirroring and clustering. There are no exact rule.. but may be there are no rules at all? In my practice in every case I have "legacy" system, and after some inspections and interview I can form an opinion how hardware and design can be improved. But every time when I meet "absolutely" new system (I guess there are no new systems, but sometimes are such tasks) I can't say anything trustful. So I'm interesting how people deal with such tasks? They map task on theirs experience or have some base formulas?

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• How to store 250TB of data and develop a backup/recovery plan?

  - by luccio

  I'm really new to this topic, so big apology for stupid questions. I have a school project and I want to know how to store 250TB of data with life-cycle for 18 months. It means every record is stored for 18 months and after this period of time can be deleted. There are 2 issues: store data backup data Due to amount of data I will probably need to combine data tapes and hard drives. I'd like to have "fast" access to 3 month old data, so ~42TB on disk. I really don't know what RAID should I use, or is here any better solution than combining disk and data tapes? Thanks for any advice, article, anything. I'm getting lost.

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• Is a ext3 Linux filesystem byte order independent

  - by Lothar

  I have a good old HP-C3700 Workstation with PA-RISC CPU here that I would like to use as a subversion server for a very large repository. I just worry what happens if the workstation dies (everybody who knows this computer knows that it is running like an Abrams tank and unlikely to happen in the next decade). I'm using Debian Linux on this system. If the mainboard dies can I just plug the SCSI drive into a PC and read the files from a normal Intel Linux PC? Which software RAID levels would be safe?

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• Is it safe to run an operating system from an USB flash drive?

  - by Georg

  I've got a laptop that has a broken harddisk controller. Replacing the motherboard is quite expensive. I thought about buying a flash drive and installing & running the system from it. However, I'm concerned about some things. Speed: Are they fast enough for swap memory (I've got only 1GB RAM installed.) I'm considering buying 2 or 3 of them and making them into a RAID. What about limited write cycles? How long will it last for a system that has a filesystem with journaling enabled? I'd hate to abandon it. Are there significant differences between internal SSD which are used in modern laptops like MacBooks and USB flash drives? What should I expect in 10 years when the memory wear starts kicking in?

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• MD3200i Slow Performance and Queue Depth

  - by Caleb_S

  Read performance on our SAN is slow under certain workloads. When we compare this to some local storage, we find the local storage performing 2x as fast. The SAN performs well with a high Queue Depth, and poorly with a low queue depth. However, the local storage performs well with a low Queue Depth. I'd like to know the reason for this occurring and find out what the specific limiting factor is in this situation. MD3200i iSCSI SAN ($15,000) 6 x 600GB 15k SAS RAID5 6 x 2TB 7.2k NLS RAID5 XCOPY /j Benchmark: (Slow) 15k Array - 71MB/s (Queue Depth 1) 7.2k Array- 71MB/s (Queue Depth 1) Robycopy /MT:32 Benchmark: (Fast) 15k Array - 171MB/s (Queue Depth ~12) 7.2k Array- 128MB/s (Queue Depth ~12) , , Read Performance on a Local controller is fast under the workload the SAN is slow at. , HighPoint 2230 RAID Controller ($600) 4 x 1TB 7.2k SATA RAID5 XCOPY /j Benchmark: 7.2k Array - 145MB/s (Queue Depth 1) (appears to max out the SATA bus)

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• What is the advantage of iSCSI over SMB?

  - by sofakng

  At my house I'm running a Hyper-V server with a Windows Server 2008 R2 VM acting as a file server. Files are shared across my network using SMB. (Also, the machine is using a PERC 6/i RAID card but I don't think that's important) I'm thinking about setting up a dedicated SAN (iSCSI) machine and then switching my Hyper-V server to ESXi. What are the advantages of using iSCSI versus SMB? I think I would still need a file server OS (eg. Win 2k8) sharing files via SMB so I'm not sure the end result would be any different than my current setup...

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• Linux Live CD for old computer

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  I have a pentium II (that's right, pentium II) with a scant 200MB of ram. This was a high-end workstation in it's day. The machine currently runs dos on a raid array, and I need to pull some data from it. I figure my best chance at this is to use a linux live cd to copy the data to one of our active directory network shares (there is a network card in the machine). Unfortunately, my linux skills are abysmal, so I'm not sure where to get started: Where should I look to find a linux cd that will run well on such an old system Since I'm likely gonna need to be command-line only, what do I need to do to configure the network card and mount the network share via the command line? Bonus points: exact syntax needed to copy and convert the entire volume for use in VMware server 2.0, but really just copying all the data should be enough.

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• perfmon reporting higher IOPs than possible?

  - by BlueToast

  We created a monitoring report for IOPs on performance counters using Disk reads/sec and Disk writes/sec on four servers (physical boxes, no virtualization) that have 4x 15k 146GB SAS drives in RAID10 per server, set to check and record data every 1 second, and logged for 24 hours before stopping reports. These are the results we got: Server1 Maximum disk reads/sec: 4249.437 Maximum disk writes/sec: 4178.946 Server2 Maximum disk reads/sec: 2550.140 Maximum disk writes/sec: 5177.821 Server3 Maximum disk reads/sec: 1903.300 Maximum disk writes/sec: 5299.036 Server4 Maximum disk reads/sec: 8453.572 Maximum disk writes/sec: 11584.653 The average disk reads and writes per second were generally low. I.e. for one particular server it was like average 33 writes/sec, but when monitoring in real-time it would often spike up to several hundreds and also sometimes into the thousands. Could someone explain to me why these numbers are significantly higher than theoretical calculations assuming each drive can do 180 IOPs? Additional details (RAID card): HP Smart Array P410i, Total cache size of 1GB, Write cache is disabled, Array accelerator cache ratio is 25% read and 75% write

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• Does SQLIO lie when run from a Hyper-V guest on a VHD?

  - by ScottStonehouse

  SQLIO seems like a useful tool. I thought it would be interesting to try to measure the speed difference between a physical disk and a VHD. So I ran SQLIO on the Hyper-V host on the physical drive. Results seemed reasonable. Then I ran it from the guest to test the vhd (on the same physical disk). I expected it to be a bit slower. But instead it was way faster - like 0ms average latency. So I'm trying to learn something here. It seems like hyper-v is fooling SQLIO somehow but I don't understand it well enough to figure it out. It's a dynamic vhd, no snapshots or anything, and the vhd is the only file on the disk. The physical disk is actually a two SAS drive RAID 1.

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• Modifying the initrd.img to run additional binaries in a PXE booted RHEL 6

  - by Charles Long

  I am trying to add additional automation to our existing RHEL 6 (or Oralce's implementation thereof) PXE install process by running a script in the %pre section of my kickstart config that call hpacucli, HP's raid device configuration binary. My approach has been to modify the PXE served initrd.img. I've unpacked the initrd.img and copied in the required libraries, binaries, and scripts but when the system boots using the modified initrd.img, the modified /lib (and /lib_64) are moved aside to /lib_old and /lib is linked to the /mnt/runtime/lib. How can I change this configuration so that the /lib is not moved (unlikely) or required libraries are available in the runtime /mnt/runtime/lib? To test and confirm this I've been able to get the install process to move to the 6th virtual console, which allows me to see errors, and then open a shell (a useful debugging mechanism). %pre exec /dev/tty6 2 /dev/tty6 chvt 6 /bin/sh

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• Parity Initialization after putting in two new disks

  - by lbanz

  All my firmware is up to date on the server and the controllers. Storage crashed over the weekend. I rebooted it and it detected that I put in two new disks last week (I did check that both disk completed the rebuilding process last week). After it booted into the OS I see that it gave me an information message. After 18 hours it is at 54% so it is looking healthy. But I need to replace 5 more disk in the msa. Should I wait for this message to finish before replacing more disks? 785 Background parity initialization is currently queued or in progress on Logical Drive 1 (15.0 TB, RAID 5). If background parity initialization is queued, it will start when I/O is performed on the drive. When background parity initialization completes, the performance of the logical drive will improve.

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• Optimal Configuration for five 300 GB 15K SAS Drives

  - by Bob

  I recently acquired an HP Z800 workstation that has five 300 GB 15K SAS Drives. This system will be dedicated to running multiple virtual machines under VMware Workstation (Note: I'm not using ESXi because I do plan to use the system for other purposes.). For the host OS, I plan to install RHEL 5. My number one concern is guest performance. For example, should I create a RAID 10 array for the OS and virtual machine storage with four of the drives and reserve the 5th? Or, is there a solution that will provide better performance?

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• Looking for fault-tolerant, multi-CD/DVD burning software

  - by MichaelKay

  A few years back, I saw an open-source application that created fault-tolerant, multi-CD backup sets. The thought was that if a few sectors went bad on one CD, the data could be reconstructed from others similar to a RAID 5 hard-drive setup. I did some searching and I could not find the application again. Does anyone know of a application that works in this manner. It needs to work with both CDs & DVDs. Linux or Windows will be OK.

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• Ubuntu server hangs on reboot "could not stat resume device file"

  - by matnagel

  Instead of booting into the running system this machine stops and on the terminal I can see a message: could not stat resume device file /dev/sdb5 When I attach a keyboard and press enter the boot continues and the machine comes up like normal. But it's essential that this machine comes up under most circumstancs alone. There never was something like a "resume" on this machine. I tried several times to reboot, but this does not happen on all boots, I can not find a pattern here. There is a software raid running on the box. This is the syslog during boot: http://privatepaste.com/ff0fd0a51c/sdabfjahfgasjkgfu4gfsdzjcgfafasdjfhgasdcjfgauzfgafasgdufzg How can I get rid of this boot failure? We do not need resumes and best would be something that works here and now.

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• "Always available offline" option missing on one network drive in Windows 7

  - by Rynardt

  My network setup at home has 2 network storage devices on the network. The one is for media content on a Popcorn Hour A-110 and the other is a D-Link DNS-320 in RAID 1 configuration for business files. When I access these network drives and right click a folder the following context menu appears for the A-110 device, but not for the D-link. I have tested this in both Windows 7 32bit and Windows Vista 64bit. In both instances the "Always available offline" option is only available for the A-110 storage device, and not for the D-link. How do I get this option for the D-link? Any advice or ideas are welcome.

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• Repair Lacie 2Big Network 2

  - by Donier

  hi i buy from you Lacie 2big network 2 I was have problem with drive 2 "missed" then i try format HDD to mac os journal end RAW Now i can't connect to the device from network asistant please hep me I can't connect to Doshboard and i can't connect from USB on Lacie 2 big network 2device. I can connect to HDD from Lacie 2big network 2. how create lacie doshbaoard boot on HDD device. i format disks because one of HDD is work not correctly... in the Dashboard RAID menu disk 2 missed.... Thank you i wiil wait your answer....

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• Motherboard rejects identical hard drive, one works the other doesn't

  - by Payson Welch

  I have an interesting situation. I have a Dell XS23-SB server that has four blades in it. The blades use Supermicro X7DWT motherboards, and interface with the sata drives through a backplane. I took two identical drives from a raid 0 enclosure that came from the factory (GDrive), one works on all four servers, the other does not. I verified that they both work by plugging them into a hard drive cradle. This behavior can be repeated with other drives, some drives work and some don't. However when i test them, they ALL work on my PC. What could cause this?

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• Sorting out mSSD acceleration on a Acer M3-581TG

  - by PhonicUK

  I recently purchased a Acer Timeline M3 Ultra, it ships with a 500GB HDD and a 20GB mSSD to use as a cache. First thing I did when I got it was format the drives and install a clean OS (on the HDD, the mSSD has nothing on it) - but now I can't figure out how everything needs to be configured in order to use the mSSD as a cache, it just looks like a standard storage drive. I've poked around in the BIOS and there is a SATA mode setting, but it only has one option (AHCI), most of the documentation I've seen on the subject says that the SATA controller needs to be in RAID mode otherwise 'Acceleration' isn't visible in the Intel SRT menu (which for me, it isn't) I've seen a few things that suggest I just need the correct partition layout, I tried this using fdisk from a Linux LiveCD but got nowhere. Any ideas? The laptop shipped with no recovery media so I'm marginally stumped. I don't have any issue with reformatting again if required.

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• Concerns about a Dedicated (Windows Server 2008) + DDoS

  - by TheKillerDev

  I am have today a dedicated server with these specs: Intel Core i5 750, 2x120GB (ssd + raid), Windows Server 2008 Web, 200Mbps Network, 24 Gb DD3 And I would like to know what are the best thing I can do to prevent a DDoS Attack, since I know this will be a real threat by the importance of the files that will be archived in it. Today I have apache listening port 80 and RDC listening port 3389. But the security is beeing made only by Windows Firewall. So, any thoughts on what would be good to prevent from DDoS attacks?

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• What disk setup is needed / best practice for hypervisor-only servers?

  - by Luke404

  Planning to buy some servers to run an hypervisor (Citrix XenServer or VMware vSphere, still have to decide between the two) we'd like to boot off the local redundant SD card module offered by various vendors (eg. Dell, HP, etc...). The actual VMs will run from an existing iSCSI SAN (which, by the way, can't support booting the servers directly off the SAN). What are the reasons, if any, to choose completely diskless servers VS having some local storage? And what would be the guidelines to choose that local storage? (number of spindles, raid level, etc)

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• What is normal SCSI error handling process (scsi_eh_3) CPU time usage?

  - by Kris Jordan

  Last week I got setup with a new dedicated server that is running 4x SCSI drives in RAID 10 on CentOS. The machine is pretty lightly loaded at the moment and has been running for 8 days. The process 'scsi_eh_3' has a CPU time of 13:09.67 in top. This is 3x the next closest CPU time of 4:03.93 for mysqld. Is it normal for the scsi error handling process to use this much CPU time? (Seems like it goes to 0.3% usage ever 5 seconds.) Could this be an indicator that one or more of the drives is having issues?

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• Shared storage solution for our sql server backups

  - by Gokhan

  We have 3 clustered sql servers. We have 5+ multi terrabyte databases and their backup files (compressed using quest litespeed) are hitting over 600gb each, We are required to keep at least a week or two weeks (if we can) of weekly full backups and then 6 days differential backups, and a week or 2 weeks worth of log backups local. We are currently limited to 2TB volumes from our san team, we can have multiple volumes but they are expensive ($200 per raw TB per month) and having to deal with many backup volumes instead of a single big volume is difficult. I think if we could have a shared network storage of 20TB+ raid 10 or so for all our servers for keeping the backups and another department will copy them to tape from the network storage and delete files according to the retention period would be good, if this box would be a build in operating system (even unix a complete file storage system) that would be good. What do you guys think, does this make sense to you, is there any manufacturer that sells a storage product like that which that work in a clustered environment? Thank you

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• Shared storage for web cluster

  - by user52475

  Hi all! Have a big question about shared/clustered/distributed file system for storage. It will shared storage for shared web hosting (web files + maildir) and OpenVZ containers storage . Have any one working example of such system? The options are: Lustre GFS1/GFS2 - GFS2 - as I understand is EXPERIMENTAL... NFS This 3 systems which I consider for shared storage. Now I have storage with HW RAID 10 - 1TB. NFS - As I know there will be problem with locking? GFS/Lustre - problems when there will be a lot of small files , what is typical for hosting environment and problems with maildir.

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