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• PyQt4, QThread and opening big files without freezing the GUI

  - by jmrbcu

  Hi, I would like to ask how to read a big file from disk and maintain the PyQt4 UI responsive (not blocked). I had moved the load of the file to a QThread subclass but my GUI thread get freezed. Any suggestions? I think it must be something with the GIL but I don't know how to sort it? EDIT: I am using vtkGDCMImageReader from the GDCM project to read a multiframe DICOM image and display it with vtk and pyqt4. I do this load in a different thread (QThread) but my app freeze until the image is loaded. here is an example code: class ReadThread(QThread): def __init__(self, file_name): super(ReadThread, self).__init__(self) self.file_name = file_name self.reader.vtkgdcm.vtkGDCMImageReader() def run(self): self.reader.SetFileName(self.file_name) self.reader.Update() self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL('image_loaded'), self.reader.GetOutput())

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• How do I memoize expensive calculations on Django model objects?

  - by David Eyk

  I have several TextField columns on my UserProfile object which contain JSON objects. I've also defined a setter/getter property for each column which encapsulates the logic for serializing and deserializing the JSON into python datastructures. The nature of this data ensures that it will be accessed many times by view and template logic within a single Request. To save on deserialization costs, I would like to memoize the python datastructures on read, invalidating on direct write to the property or save signal from the model object. Where/How do I store the memo? I'm nervous about using instance variables, as I don't understand the magic behind how any particular UserProfile is instantiated by a query. Is __init__ safe to use, or do I need to check the existence of the memo attribute via hasattr() at each read? Here's an example of my current implementation: class UserProfile(Model): text_json = models.TextField(default=text_defaults) @property def text(self): if not hasattr(self, "text_memo"): self.text_memo = None self.text_memo = self.text_memo or simplejson.loads(self.text_json) return self.text_memo @text.setter def text(self, value=None): self.text_memo = None self.text_json = simplejson.dumps(value)

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• "cannot concatenate 'str' and 'list' objects" keeps coming up :(

  - by ratce003

  I'm writing a python program and passing in a html template but an error keeps coming up, "cannot concatenate 'str' and 'list' objects" here is is the program: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # enable debugging import cgi import cgitb cgitb.enable() def template(file, **vars): return open(file, 'r').read() % vars print "Content-type: text/html\n" print form = cgi.FieldStorage() # instantiate only once! num_1 = form.getfirst('num_1') num_2 = form.getfirst('num_2') int1r = str(num_1) int2r = str(num_2) def calc_range(int2r, int1r): start = range(int2r, int1r + 1) end = range(1, int2r) return start+end int1 = int(int1r) int2 = int(int2r) out_str = '' for i in range(0, int1): first_line_num = (int2 + i) % int1 if first_line_num == 0: first_line_num = int1 line = calc_range(first_line_num, int1) out_str += line print template('results.html', output=out_str, title="Latin Squares")

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• HTTP Builder/Groovy - get source text _and_ XmlSlurper output?

  - by Misha Koshelev

  Dear All: I am reading here: http://groovy.codehaus.org/modules/http-builder/doc/get.html I seem to be able to get i) XMLSlurper output as parsed by NekoHTML using: def http = new HTTPBuilder('http://www.google.com') def html = http.get( path : '/search', query : [q:'Groovy'] ) ii) Raw text using: http.get( path : '/search', contentType : TEXT, query : [q:'Groovy'] ) { resp, reader -> println "response status: ${resp.statusLine}" println 'Headers: -----------' resp.headers.each { h -> println " ${h.name} : ${h.value}" } println 'Response data: -----' System.out << reader println '\n--------------------' } I am having some trouble and would like to get BOTH (i) and (ii) to debug my XmlSlurper code on the actual html I am getting. Any suggestions how I might go about doing this? I can easily instantiate an XmlSlurper object with the relevant string using the parseString(string) method or the parse(reader) method, but I cannot seem to get the Neko processing step correct. Any hints? Thank you! Misha

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• Noob filter: How do I refer to a string that is passed to my Ruby on Rails method from Flex as a HTT

  - by ben

  I have a HTTPService in my Flex 4 app that I call like this: getUserDetails.send(userLookup.text); In my Ruby on Rails method that this is linked to, how do I refer to the userLookup.text parameter? The method is as follows, with XXX as the placeholder: def getDetails @user = User.first (:conditions => "username = XXX") render :xml => @user end UPDATE: Is this way correct? I found it here. I'm still getting errors but it might be because of something else. def getDetails(lookupUsername) @user = User.first (:conditions => "username = '#{lookupUsername}") render :xml => @user end Thanks for reading!

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• Rest Web Service with App Engine and Webapp

  - by fceruti

  I want to build a REST web service on app engine. Currently i have this: from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util class UsersHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, name): self.response.out.write('Hello '+ name+'!') def main(): util.run_wsgi_app(application) #Map url like /rest/users/johnsmith application = webapp.WSGIApplication([(r'/rest/users/(.*)',UsersHandler)] debug=True) if __name__ == '__main__': main() And i would like to retreive for example all my users when the path /rest/users is accessed. I Imagine I can do this by building another handler, but I want to know if is possible to do it inside of this handler.

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• Is it Pythonic to have a class keep track of its instances?

  - by Lightbreeze

  Take the following code snippet class Missile: instances = [] def __init__(self): Missile.instances.append(self) Now take the code: class Hero(): ... def fire(self): Missile() When the hero fires, a missile needs to be created and appended to the main list. Thus the hero object needs to reference the list when it fires. Here are a few solutions, although I'm sure there are others: Make the list a global, Use a class variable (as above), or Have the hero object hold a reference to the list. I didn't post this on gamedev because my question is actually more general: Is the previous code considered okay? Given a situation like this, is there a more Pythonic solution?

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• Django: test failing on a view with @login_required

  - by Esteban Feldman

  Hi all, I'm trying to build a test for a view that's decorated with @login_required, since I failed to make it work, I did a simple test and still can't make it pass. Here is the code for the simple test and the view: def test_login(self): user = self._create_new_user() self.assertTrue(user.is_active) login = self.client.login(username=user.username, password=self.data['password1']) self.failUnless(login, 'Could not log in') response = self.client.get('/accounts/testlogin/') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @login_required def testlogin(request): print 'testlogin !! ' return HttpResponse('OK') _create_new_user() is saving the user and there is a test inside that method to see that is working. The test fails in the response.status_code, returning 302 and the response instance is of a HttpResponseRedirect, is redirecting it as if not logged in. Any clue? I'm missing something? Regards Esteban

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• Calculating Percentiles (Ruby).

  - by zxcvbnm

  My code is based on the methods described here and here. def fraction?(number) number - number.truncate end def percentile(param_array, percentage) another_array = param_array.to_a.sort r = percentage.to_f * (param_array.size.to_f - 1) + 1 if r <= 1 then return another_array[0] elsif r >= another_array.size then return another_array[another_array.size - 1] end ir = r.truncate another_array[ir] + fraction?((another_array[ir].to_f - another_array[ir - 1].to_f).abs) end Example usage: test_array = [95.1772, 95.1567, 95.1937, 95.1959, 95.1442, 95.061, 95.1591, 95.1195, 95.1065, 95.0925, 95.199, 95.1682] test_values = [0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0] test_values.each do |value| puts value.to_s + ": " + percentile(test_array, value).to_s end Output: 0.0: 95.061 0.1: 95.1205 0.2: 95.1325 0.3: 95.1689 0.4: 95.1692 0.5: 95.1615 0.6: 95.1773 0.7: 95.1862 0.8: 95.2102 0.9: 95.1981 1.0: 95.199 The problem here is that the 80th percentile is higher than the 90th and the 100th. However, as far as I can tell my implementation is as described, and it returns the right answer for the example given (0.9). Is there an error in my code I'm not seeing? Or is there a better way to do this?

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• How to use custom drawing in QGraphicsViews in PyQt?

  - by DSblizzard

  I need to view QGraphicsScene in 2 QGraphicsViews with condition that they have different scale factors for items in scene. Closest function which I found is drawItems(), but as far I can understand, it must be called manually. How to repaint views automatically? I have these two code fragments in program: class TGraphicsView(QGraphicsView): def __init__(self, parent = None): print("__init__") QGraphicsView.__init__(self, parent) def drawItems(self, Painter, ItemCount, Items, StyleOptions): print("drawItems") Brush = QBrush(Qt.red, Qt.SolidPattern) Painter.setBrush(Brush) Painter.drawEllipse(0, 0, 100, 100) ... Mw.gvNavigation = TGraphicsView(Mw) # Mw - main window Mw.gvNavigation.setGeometry(0, 0, Size1, Size1) Mw.gvNavigation.setScene(Mw.Scene) Mw.gvNavigation.setSceneRect(0, 0, Size2, Size2) Mw.gvNavigation.show() _init_ works, Mw.gvNavigation is displayed and there are Mw.Scene items in it, but drawItems() isn't called.

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• R how to find NA values after using addNA function

  - by screechOwl

  I have a data frame with a bunch of categorical variables. Some of them contain NA's and I use the addNA function to convert them to an explicit factor level. My problem comes when I try to treat them as NA's they don't seem to register. Here's my example data set and attempts to 'find' NA's: df1 <- data.frame(id = 1:200, y =rbinom(200, 1, .5), var1 = factor(rep(c('abc','def','ghi','jkl'),50))) df1$var2 <- factor(rep(c('ab c','ghi','jkl','def'),50)) df1$var3 <- factor(rep(c('abc','ghi','nop','xyz'),50)) df1[df1$var1 == 'abc','var1'] <- NA df1$var1 <- addNA(df1$var1) df1$isNaCol <- ifelse(df1$var1 == NA, 1, 0);summary(df1$isNaCol) df1$isNaCol <- ifelse(is.na(df1$var1), 1, 0);summary(df1$isNaCol) df1$isNaCol <- ifelse(df1$var1 == 'NA', 1, 0);summary(df1$isNaCol) df1$isNaCol <- ifelse(df1$var1 == '<NA>', 1, 0);summary(df1$isNaCol) Also when I type ??addNA I don't get any matches. Is this a gray-market function or something? Any suggestions would be appreciated.

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• Unable to reverse seemingly simple rails migration - getting "altered_table.column may not be NULL"

  - by brad

  I have a table 'invoices' in my development database (sqlite3) populated with a small amount of test data. I wanted to add a column 'invoice_number' to it and set up a migration like so: class AddInvoiceNumberColumnToInvoices < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up add_column :invoices, :invoice_number, :integer end def self.down remove_column :invoices, :invoice_number end end I ran rake db:migrate and it seemed to migrate just fine. However, when I tried to access this column through ActiveRecord it didn't seem to be there. I decided to undo this migration and try again (not sure what I was going to try but I thought I'd start by undoing it) with rake db:migrate VERSION='whatever_the_migration_before_this_one_was_called'. This failed with the error message == AddInvoiceNumberColumnToInvoices: reverting =============================== -- remove_column(:invoices, :invoice_number) rake aborted! An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled: altered_invoices.invoice_number may not be NULL I can't find any documentation of this error. Is anyone able to explain what I have done wrong, and more importantly how I can fix this?

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• metaclass multiple inheritance inconsistency

  - by Matt Anderson

  Why is this: class MyType(type): def __init__(cls, name, bases, attrs): print 'created', cls class MyMixin: __metaclass__ = MyType class MyList(list, MyMixin): pass okay, and works as expected: created <class '__main__.MyMixin'> created <class '__main__.MyList'> But this: class MyType(type): def __init__(cls, name, bases, attrs): print 'created', cls class MyMixin: __metaclass__ = MyType class MyObject(object, MyMixin): pass Is not okay, and blows up thusly?: created <class '__main__.MyMixin'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "/tmp/junk.py", line 11, in <module> class MyObject(object, MyMixin): pass TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases Cannot create a consistent method resolution order (MRO) for bases object, MyMixin

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• django admin app error (Model with property field): global name 'full_name' is not defined

  - by rxin

  This is my model: class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return full_name def _get_full_name(self): "Returns the person's full name." if self.middle_name == '': return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) else: return "%s %s %s" % (self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name) full_name = property(_get_full_name) Everything is fine except when I go into admin interface, I see TemplateSyntaxError at /bibbase2/admin/bibbase2/author/ Caught an exception while rendering: global name 'full_name' is not defined It seems like the built-in admin app doesn't work with a property field. Is there something wrong with my code?

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• Run web.py as daemon.

  - by mamcx

  I have a simple web.py program to load data. In the server I don't want to install apache or any webserver. I try to put it as a background service with http://www.jejik.com/articles/2007/02/a_simple_unix_linux_daemon_in_python/ And subclassing: (from http://www.jejik.com/files/examples/daemon.py) class Daemon: def start(self): """ Start the daemon """ ... PID CHECKS.... # Start the daemon self.daemonize() self.run() #My code class WebService(Daemon): def run(self): app.run() if __name__ == "__main__": if DEBUG: app.run() else: service = WebService(os.path.join(DIR_ACTUAL,'ElAdministrador.pid')) if len(sys.argv) == 2: if 'start' == sys.argv[1]: service.start() elif 'stop' == sys.argv[1]: service.stop() elif 'restart' == sys.argv[1]: service.restart() else: print "Unknown command" sys.exit(2) sys.exit(0) else: print "usage: %s start|stop|restart" % sys.argv[0] sys.exit(2) However, the web.py software not load (ie: The service no listen) If I call it directly (ie: No using the daemon code) work fine.

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• Add JSON support to Rails app

  - by Meltemi

  I am experimenting with Rails and was wondering what's needed to allow/add support for JSON requests? I have a vanilla installation of Rails 2.3.5 and the default scaffolding seem to provide support for HTML & XML requests but not JSON. class EventsController < ApplicationController # GET /events # GET /events.xml def index @events = Event.all respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @events } end end # GET /events/1 # GET /events/1.xml def show @event = Event.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| format.html # show.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @event } end end ... I'm new to this but it would appear as though i would need to add a format line in each method along the lines of: format.js { render :js => @event.json } couldn't this be done automatically? perhaps there's a template somewhere i need to update...or a flag i can set? Or perhaps, and most likely, I've missed the boat entirely?!?

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• How to override a class method of the gem in rails Application ?

  - by Srinivas Iyer

  Hi, Best practice to Override a class method of the gem in rails Application . I need to override the behaviour of the find method of a gem. following is the code in the gem module Youtube class display attr_accessor :base def find(id, options = {}) detailed = convert_to_number(options.delete(:detailed)) options[:detailed] = detailed unless detailed.nil? base.send :get, "/get_youtube", options.merge(:youtube_id => id) end end end How do i override the above find method in my YoutubeSearch Controller of Rails Application ? def find(id, options = {}) //Code here end Thanks

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• Python key word arguments

  - by pythonic metaphor

  I have several layers of function calls, passing around a common dictionary of key word arguments: def func1(**qwargs): func2(**qwargs) func3(**qwargs) I would like to supply some default arguments in some of the subsequent function calls, something like this: def func1(**qwargs): func2(arg = qwargs.get("arg", default), **qwargs) func3(**qwargs) The problem with this approach is that if arg is inside qwargs, a TypeError is raised with "got multiple values for keyword argument". I don't want to set qwargs["arg"] to default, because then func3 gets this argument without warrant. I could make a copy.copy of the qwargs and set "arg" in the copy, but qwargs could have large data structures in it and I don't want to copy them (maybe copy.copy wouldn't, only copy.deepcopy?). What's the pythonic thing to do here?

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• How does this ruby custom accessor work

  - by ennuikiller

  So the method below in class_eval dynamically creates accessors for attributes defined at runtime. It can be used, for example, to create configuration objects with attributes read from a config file (and unknown until runtime). I understanding all of it except for the else branch. If I am correct the else branch returns the attribute value (val[0]) if there is one value passed in *val. However the way its written I would expect it to return an array (val) if there is more then one value passed in *var. In particular, if I have something like the following: value = 5 then from reading the code I would expect "#{@value}" to be [=,5]. However "#{@value}" returns 5 and not the array [=,5]. How is this possible? class Module def dsl_accessor(*symbols) symbols.each do |sym| class_eval %{ def #{sym}(*val) if val.empty? @#{sym} else @#{sym} = val.size == 1 ? val[0] : val end end } end end end

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• Simple Python Challenge: Fastest Bitwise XOR on Data Buffers

  - by user213060

  Challenge: Perform a bitwise XOR on two equal sized buffers. The buffers will be required to be the python str type since this is traditionally the type for data buffers in python. Return the resultant value as a str. Do this as fast as possible. The inputs are two 1 megabyte (2**20 byte) strings. The challenge is to substantially beat my inefficient algorithm using python or existing third party python modules (relaxed rules: or create your own module.) Marginal increases are useless. from os import urandom from numpy import frombuffer,bitwise_xor,byte def slow_xor(aa,bb): a=frombuffer(aa,dtype=byte) b=frombuffer(bb,dtype=byte) c=bitwise_xor(a,b) r=c.tostring() return r aa=urandom(2**20) bb=urandom(2**20) def test_it(): for x in xrange(1000): slow_xor(aa,bb)

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• How to call a Thor task multiple times?

  - by deepak

  Thor like Rake (and Make) has task management. If I call a task multiple times, it will effectively call the task only once. How can I call a task multiple times? I tried modifying the @_invocations hash, but that did not work: require 'csv' require './config/environment' class MisReport < Thor desc "all", "generate mysql and postgres mis" def all generate("pg_mis_report", "pg") generate("mysql_mis_report", "mysql") end desc "generate", "generate mis report" def generate(file_name = "mis_report_#{Time.now.to_s(:number)}", connection = "postgres") if connection == "pg" puts "== postgres database" ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :development_mysql else puts "== mysql database" ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :development end # generate MIS puts puts "mis file is at: #{file_path}" end end

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• Adding STI to Existing Table...

  - by keruilin

  I want to add STI to an existing table using a custom type column. Let's call this taste_type whose corresponding model is Fruit. In the Fruit model I have: set_inheritance_column :taste_type In my migration to add STI I have: class AddSTI < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up add_column :fruits, :taste_type, :string, :limit => 100, :null => false Fruit.reset_column_information Fruit.find_by_id(1).update_attributes({:taste_type => 'Sour'}) end def self.down remove_column :fruits, :taste_type end end When I run the migration, I get the following error: Mysql::Error: Column 'taste_type' cannot be null: ... Any idea what's going? I can get the migration to run if I comment the set_inheritance_column in the Fruit model, then uncomment it after I run the migration. Obviously, I don't want to do this, however.

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• py.test import context problems (causes Django unit test failure)

  - by dhill

  I made a following test: # main.py import imported print imported.f.__module__ # imported.py def f(): pass # test_imported.py (py.test test case) import imported def test_imported(): result = imported.f.__module__ assert result == 'imported' Running python main.py, gives me imported, but running py.test gives me error and result value is moduletest.imported (moduletest is the name of the directory I keep the test in. It doesn't contain __init__.py, moduletest is the only directory containing *.py files in ~/tmp). How can I fix result value? The long story: I'm getting strange errors, while testing Django application. A call to reverse() from (django.urlresolvers). with function object foo as argument in tests crashes with NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'site.app.views.foo'. The same call inside application works. I checked and it is converted to 'app.views.foo' (without site prefix). I first suspected my customised test setup for Django, but then I made above test.

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• POST with HTTPBuilder -> NullPointerException?

  - by Stefan Kendall

  I'm trying to make a simple HTTP POST request, and I have no idea why the following is failing. I tried following the examples here, and I don't see where I'm going wrong. Exception java.lang.NullPointerException at groovyx.net.http.HTTPBuilder$RequestConfigDelegate.setBody(HTTPBuilder.java:1131) ... Code def List<String> search(String query, int maxResults) { def http = new HTTPBuilder("mywebsite") http.request(POST) { uri.path = '/search/' body = [string1: "", query: "test"] requestContentType = URLENC headers.'User-Agent' = 'Mozilla/5.0 Ubuntu/8.10 Firefox/3.0.4' response.success = { resp, InputStreamReader reader -> assert resp.statusLine.statusCode == 200 String data = reader.readLines().join() println data } } [] }

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• Classes missing if application runs for a long time

  - by Rogach

  I have a funny problem - if my application runs for a long time ( 20h), then sometimes I get NoClassDefFound error - seems like JVM decided that the class is not going to be used anyway and GCd it. To be a bit more specific, here's an example case: object ErrorHandler extends PartialFunction[Throwable,Unit] { def isDefinedAt(t: Throwable) = true def apply(e: Throwable) =e match { // ... handle errors } } // somewhere else in the code... try { // ... long running code, can take more than 20 hours to complete } catch (ErrorHandler) And I get the following exception: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/rogach/avalanche/ErrorHandler$ If that try/catch block runs for smaller amounts of time, everything works as expected. If anyone is interested, here is the codebase in question: Avalanche I need to note that I saw this and similar problems only on Cent OS 5 machines, using JRE 6u26 and Scala 2.9.1 / 2.9.2. What could be the cause of this problem?

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