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• CLR Profiler Allocated Bytes and XNA ContentManager

  - by Vackup

  I've been fighting with XNA ContentManager and memory allocations for some weeks because I'm trying to port my game from XNA (Windows) to ExEn / Monotouch (iphone). The problem is that after playing a few levels, my game exits unexpectedly on a real iPhone device (not simulator). Profiling memory usage on Windows with CLRProfile, I found some useful stuff but I also found something I dont understand. If I use 2 ContentManagers (1 for shared assets and 1 for level assets), when profiling, "Allocated Bytes" grows and grows after level through level but Memory consumption measured by Windows Task Manager stays constant (down when I unload the content manager and up again when I load content). Obviously, I contentManager.Unload() when level ends. After a few levels my game exits unexpectedly on an iPhone device. If I use 1 content manager, "CRLProfiler Allocated Bytes" stays constant on Windows and on the iPhone; I can play the game normally and it doesnt exit unexpectedly. I use the same assets level through level. It seems like in ios (iPhone) when loading and unloading the same assets, it allocates memory and consumes all device memory, so the ios kill it. Can anybody explain me how this really works? I've read quite a bit, but I still don't understand what's going on.

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• OpenGL : sluggish performance in extracting texture from GPU

  - by Cyan

  I'm currently working on an algorithm which creates a texture within a render buffer. The operations are pretty complex, but for the GPU this is a simple task, done very quickly. The problem is that, after creating the texture, i would like to save it. This requires to extract it from GPU memory. For this operation, i'm using glGetTexImage(). It works, but the performance is sluggish. No, i mean even slower than that. For example, an 8MB texture (uncompressed) requires 3 seconds (yes, seconds) to be extracted. That's mind puzzling. I'm almost wondering if my graphic card is connected by a serial link... Well, anyway, i've looked around, and found some people complaining about the same, but no working solution so far. The most promising advise was to "extract data in the native format of the GPU". Which i've tried and tried, but failed so far. Edit : by moving the call to glGetTexImage() in a different place, the speed has been a bit improved for the most dramatic samples : looking again at the 8MB texture, it knows requires 500ms, instead of 3sec. It's better, but still much too slow. Smaller texture sizes were not affected by the change (typical timing remained into the 60-80ms range). Using glFinish() didn't help either. Note that, if i call glFinish() (without glGetTexImage), i'm getting a fixed 16ms result, whatever the texture size or complexity. It really looks like the timing for a frame at 60fps. The timing is measured for the full rendering + saving sequence. The call to glGetTexImage() alone does not really matter. That being said, it is this call which changes the performance. And yes, of course, as stated at the beginning, the texture is "created into the GPU", hence the need to save it.

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• How to configure Bullet for LookAt?

  - by AllCoder

  I'm having problems positioning Bullet objects. I am doing: ToolVec3 origin = ToolVec3( obj_posx, obj_posy, obj_posz ); ToolVec3 vmod = ToolVec3( object_sizex / 2.0f, object_sizey / 2.0f, object_sizez / 2.0f ); btTransform shapeTransform = btTransform::getIdentity(); shapeTransform.setOrigin( btVector3(origin.x+vmod.x, origin.y+vmod.y, origin.z+vmod.z) ); btDefaultMotionState* myMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(shapeTransform); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo rbInfo(mass,myMotionState,m_collisionShapes[2],localInertia); btRigidBody* body = new btRigidBody(rbInfo); I then do: btCollisionObject* colObj = m_dynamicsWorld->getCollisionObjectArray()[i]; btRigidBody* body = btRigidBody::upcast(colObj); if(body && body->getMotionState()) { btDefaultMotionState* myMotionState = (btDefaultMotionState*)body->getMotionState(); myMotionState->m_graphicsWorldTrans.getOpenGLMatrix(m); } else { colObj->getWorldTransform().getOpenGLMatrix(m); } And after obtaining the matrix m, I paste it as model matrix. I am observing few things: I must add some weird "size / 2" to object's position, to have it drawed normally, I have following "up" look at vector defined: "0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f" – basically, Y grows up, Z grows forward (to monitor), BUT – x grows LEFT, I think there is some conflict with the X direction.. I cannot obtain consistent positioning having world setup like this How to configure this in Bullet? Why the weird + size/2 requirement?

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• Will C++ remain viable for game engines in somewhat distant future?

  - by samual

  C++11 has opened ways, which were only dreamt by the C++ programmers. It has been three years since I have been learning C++, and I am going well. Now I want to get into vedio games. Every core of the game code I saw, was monstourously writtern in C++. My question is - If I get into serious game engine dev, and perfecting it would take, maybe say 10 years, would we still be writing game engines in C++ ?(newer standard) Or, will John Carmack, write id tech 7 in c++? note - I am strictly talking about game engines.

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• 3d Collision Handling

  - by TobSpr

  I have trouble while detecting collisions on my 3D-Game. I have set-up Rays, to detect collisions (Screenshot) and my main-rountine already analyzes them. But now there's the question what to do with that. One possibility would be, to move the player back to the last position, but that's dirty, and does not work if the player can walk in multiple directions (e.g. if the player runs along a wall). My question is, what to do with the collision data / or in which direction, by which amount move the player? I'm sure there is an algorithm for that (as for almost all is).

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• Parsing glGetShaderInfoLog() to get error info. Is this reliable, or is there a better way?

  - by m4ttbush

  I want to get a list of errors and their line numbers so I can display the error information different to how it's formatted in the error string, and also show the line in error. It looks easy enough to just parse the result of glGetShaderInfoLog(), look for "ERROR:" then read the next number up to : and then the next, and then the error description up to the next newline. But the OpenGL docs say "Application developers should not expect different OpenGL implementations to produce identical information logs." Which makes me worry that my code may behave incorrectly on different systems. I don't need them to be identical, I just need them to follow the same format. So is there a better way to get a list of errors with line number separate, is it safe to assume that they'll always follow the "ERROR: 0:123:" format, or is there simply no reliable way to do this? Thanks!

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• XNA Spritebatch sorting by texture vs depth

  - by Motig

  I am refining my 2D game engine, and I want to look in to sorting sprite batches by texture (because I'm quite often using the same textures repeatedly). However, I also want to retain a few 'layers' of depth (i.e. ground < buildings < units < GUI etc). My question is, which of the following is the best approach (in terms of performance)? Create multiple SpriteBatches and Begin() and End() them in order; or... Create a single SpriteBatch and call Begin() and End() multiple times, once for each layer (in order)?

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• What techniques can I use to render very large numbers of objects more efficiently in OpenGL?

  - by Luke

  You can think of my application as drawing a very large ball-and-stick diagram (or graph). At times, this graph can get very large, where the number of elements even outnumbers the pixels on the screen. Currently I am simply passing all of my textures (as GL_POINTS) and lines to the graphics card using VBO's. When the number of elements outnumbers the number of pixels, is this the most efficient way to do this? Or should I do some calculations on the CPU side before handing everything over to the GPU? If it matters, I do use GL_DEPTH_TEST and GL_ALPHA_TEST. I do some alpha blending, but probably not enough to make a huge performance difference. My scene can be static at times, but the user has control over a typical arc-ball camera and can pan, rotate, or zoom. It is during these operations that performance degradation is noticeable.

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• Particles are not moving correctly [closed]

  - by cr33p

  I want to make a particle explosion, after something gets destroyed, but somehow only one line of mixed colors show up on the screen. Here's the header: http://pastebin.com/JW5bPLj2 Here's the source: http://pastebin.com/KHmFqytD I don't get what's wrong, as it's nearly the same as in "Programming Linux Games" Can somebody help me fix that? PS: "Uint32 delta" is needed to update the pixels based on time. PSS: Maybe I should add that it's programmed in C and includes SDL. EDIT: Found the problem. It was the "drawParticles" function. The problem was, that I passed a double to "offset" (as particles[i].x, etc are all doubles). So I ended up with values like ~MAX_INT because I didn't cast the doubles properly to ints.

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• How to build list of items available in World of Warcraft?

  - by Cyclops

  There are a number of non-Blizzard sites that show a complete list of available items in World of Warcraft (such as wowhead, etc). I would like to know the best (easiest) way to compile a similar list. I believe some sites are based on user-entered input, which I would like to avoid. Looking at the lua API, it seems that there are functions to get a list of items, but it's not clear if I can just download everything (I remember a reference to throttling somewhere, can't find it now). Does anyone have code samples that would do this, or links to source? Also, Eve Online has made a database of items available (and I do mean SQL database file for download, not the Armory) - is there anything similar for Wow? I'm just looking for the names and stats, not the graphic icons.

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• XNA 3D coordinates seem off

  - by Peteyslatts

  I'm going through a book, and the example it gave me seems like is should work, but when I try and implement it, it falls short. My Camera class takes three vectors in to generate View and Projection matrices. I'm giving it a position vector of (0,0,5), a target vector of Vector.Zero and a top vector (which way is up) of Vector.Up. My Three vertices are placed at (0,1,0), (-1,-1,0), (1,-1,0). It seems like it should work because the vertices are centered around the origin, and thats where I'm telling the camera to look but when I run the game, the only way to get the camera to see the vertices is to set its position to (0,0,-5) and even then the triangle is skewed. Not sure what's wrong here. Any suggestions would be helpful. Just to make sure I've given you guys everything (I don't think these are important as the problem seems to be related to the coordinates, not the ability of the game to draw them): I'm using a VertexBuffer and a BasicEffect. My render code is as follows: effect.World = Matrix.Identity; effect.View = camera.view; effect.Projection = camera.projection; effect.VertexColorEnabled = true; foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); GraphicsDevice.DrawUserPrimitives<VertexPositionColor> (PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, verts, 0, 1); }

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• how to prevent showing outside of world game in cocos2dx

  - by HRZ

  Im trying to make a tower defence game and it can zoom in/out and scrolling over my world map.How to scroll over the game and how to restrict it to don't show outside of my map. At below I scroll over the map by using CCCamera but i don't know how i can restrict it. CCPoint tap = touch->getLocation(); CCPoint prev_tap = touch->getPreviousLocation(); CCPoint sub_point = tap - prev_tap; float xNewPos, yNewPos; float xEyePos, yEyePos, zEyePos; float cameraPosX, cameraPosY, cameraPosZ; // First we get the current camera position. GameLayer->getCamera()->getCenterXYZ(&cameraPosX, &cameraPosY, &cameraPosZ); GameLayer->getCamera()->getEyeXYZ(&xEyePos, &yEyePos, &zEyePos); // Calculate the new position xNewPos = cameraPosX - sub_point.x; yNewPos = cameraPosY - sub_point.y; GameLayer->getCamera()->setCenterXYZ(xNewPos, yNewPos, cameraPosZ); GameLayer->getCamera()->setEyeXYZ(xNewPos, yNewPos, zEyePos); And for zooming i used such code: GameLayer->setScale(this->getScale() + 0.002); //zooming in

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• writing an autopilot for a 2d game with newtonian physics

  - by Jargo

  The subject says it all. I am making a 2d space game with newtonian physics and I need pointers on how to write an autopilot for it. The requirements are best explained by an example. There is a target object which has speed- and position-vectors and there a spaceship that is controlled by the autopilot. This spaceship also have speed, position and maximum acceleration. The autopilot needs to control the ship that it either collides with the target, Or intercepts the target so that the ship has matching speed and position with the target. Could someone give me some pointers how to achieve this behavior or perhaps even an ready implementation? I am sure someone has written something like this before and there is no point in reinventing the wheel.

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• CUDA 4.1 Particle Update

  - by N0xus

  I'm using CUDA 4.1 to parse in the update of my Particle system that I've made with DirectX 10. So far, my update method for the particle systems is 1 line of code within a for loop that makes each particle fall down the y axis to simulate a waterfall: m_particleList[i].positionY = m_particleList[i].positionY - (m_particleList[i].velocity * frameTime * 0.001f); In my .cu class I've created a struct which I copied from my particle class and is as follows: struct ParticleType { float positionX, positionY, positionZ; float red, green, blue; float velocity; bool active; }; Then I have an UpdateParticle method in the .cu as well. This encompass the 3 main parameters my particles need to update themselves based off the initial line of code. : __global__ void UpdateParticle(float* position, float* velocity, float frameTime) { } This is my first CUDA program and I'm at a loss to what to do next. I've tried to simply put the particleList line in the UpdateParticle method, but then the particles don't fall down as they should. I believe it is because I am not calling something that I need to in the class where the particle fall code use to be. Could someone please tell me what it is I am missing to get it working as it should? If I am doing this completely wrong in general, the please inform me as well.

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• how to decide face side of sprite

  - by user22135

  my first question here :] i am just starting game-dev with slick2D and marte engine and my question is when i move my sprite left and right i am doing walk animation but when the key is released how can i decide in which side the sprite face to set ? here's my Player.java http://pastebin.com/WjQ09Fij am i doing things right ? here's netbeans project without libs http://uppit.com/84vdufs35aas/SSheet.7z [< 45 KB] please help thanks in advance

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• Android Dynamic 2D Map

  - by Deltharis

  My problem is, I want to create a 2D tiled map. Yes, I know it's been asked a lot. I've seen answers that propose the use of tiled however it only allows (or so it seems to me) to generate static maps that do not change once generated. And I need a large empty uniform space of empty tiles, upon which players may place various buildings (some spanning more than one tile and logically being the same one). How to approach this in Android? Do I make some kind of TableLayout, use arbitrarly large amount of rows and imageviews (with my emptyTile), than somehow work event-based changing of image ids from there? I'd think that only a portion of that map should be visible at a time, but I don't see how scrolling around could be the part of that structure.

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• Creating movement path displays in a top-down 2d RTS

  - by nihohit

  My game is a top-down 2d RTS coded in C# using SFML's libraries. I want that during unit selection, a unit will display it's movement path on the map. Currently, after the path is computed as a list of directions ({left, up,down, down, down, left}, as an example), it's sent to the graphical component to create it's UI equivalent, and here I'm having some problems. current, these I've checked three ways to do it: compute the size of the image (in the example above it'll be a 3*2 rectangle) and create an invisible rectangle, and then go over the directions list and mark each spot with a visible point, so as to get a continous line. This system is slightly problematic because of the amount of large images that I need to save, but mostly because I have a lot of fine detail onscreen, and a continous line obstructs the view. again, compute the size of the image, but now create several (let's say 4) invisible images of that size, and then instead of a single continous line I'll switch between the four images, in each will appear only a fourth of the spots, in a way which creates a path animation. This is nicer on the eye, but here the memory demands, and the amount of time needed to compute each such image-loop is significant. Just create a list of single markers, each on a different spot on the path. This is very quick & easy on memory, but too sparse. Is there a simple or resource-light system to create path-animations?

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• How do you ensure consistent experience across multiple graphics cards (or even driver versions)?

  - by Grigory Javadyan

  So I was writing a simple 2D game with OpenGL and SDL and had this problem when there was awful tearing when running in windowed mode (even though I explicitly asked SDL_SetVideoMode to use double buffering). Didn't worry about it all too much because most of the time the game grabs the entire screen, windowed mode is just for debugging. Anyway, yesterday I updated my nVidia drivers and tearing disappeared, the game runs smooth and looks nice in windowed mode too. I can see how the problem may be in the graphics driver, but this leads to a question. Obviously, professional game developers have to deal with a lot of different hardware/software configurations. What are the techniques they use to make sure the game looks the roughly the same on different graphics cards or even the same model of graphics card, but with different driver versions?

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• Actionscript - Dropping Multiple Objects Using an Array?

  - by Eratosthenes

  I'm trying to get these fireBalls to drop more often, im not sure if im using Math.random correctly also, for some reason I'm getting a null reference because I think the fireBalls array waits for one to leave the stage before dropping another one? this is the relevant code: var sun:Sun=new Sun var fireBalls:Array=new Array() var left:Boolean; function onEnterFrame(event:Event){ if (left) { sun.x = sun.x - 15; }else{ sun.x = sun.x + 15; } if (fireBalls.length>0&&fireBalls[0].y>stage.stageHeight){ // Fireballs exit stage removeChild(fireBalls[0]); fireBalls.shift(); } for (var j:int=0; j<fireBalls.length; j++){ fireBalls[j].y=fireBalls[j].y+15; if (fireBalls[j].y>stage.stageHeight-fireBall.width/2){ } } if (Math.random()<.2){ // Fireballs shooting from Sun var fireBall:FireBall=new FireBall; fireBall.x=sun.x; addChild(fireBall); fireBalls.push(fireBall); } }

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• Building an instance system.

  - by Kyle C

  I am looking into how to design an instance system for the game I am working on. I have always wondered how these are created in games like World of Warcraft, where instances == dungeons/raids/etc). Areas that are separated from players other than those in your group, but have specific logic to them. Specifically how can you reuse your existing code base and not have a bunch of checks everywhere ? if (isInstance) do x; else do y; I don't know if this will make too much of a difference on any answers, but we're using a pretty classic "Object as pure aggregation" component system for our entities.

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• How can you easily determine the textureRect for tiled maps in SFML 2.0?

  - by ThePlan

  I'm working on creating a 2d map prototype, and I've come across the rendering bit of it. I have a tilesheet with tiles, each tile is 30x30 pixels, and there's a 1px border to delimitate them. In SFML the usual method of drawing a part of a tilesheet is declaring an IntRect with the rectangle coordinates then calling the setTextureRectangle() method to a sprite. In a small game it would work, but I have well over 45 tiles and adding more every day, I can't declare 45 intRects for every material, the map is not optimized yet, it would get even worse if I would have to call the setTextureRect() method, aside from declaring 45 rectangleInts. How could I simplify this task? All I need is a very simple and flexible solution for extracting a region of the tilesheet. Basically I have a Tile class. I create multiple instances of tiles (vectors) and each tile has a position and a material. I parse a map file and as I parse it I set the materials of the map according to the parsed map file, and all I need to do is render. Basically I need to do something like this: switch(tile.getMaterial()) { case GRASS: material_sprite.setTextureRect(something); window.draw(material_sprite); break; case WATER: material_sprite.setTextureRect(something); window.draw(material_sprite); break; // handle more cases }

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• How to rotate camera centered around the camera's position?

  - by tnutty

  Currently I am using gluLook at like so: gluLookAt(position.x, position.y, position.z, viewPoint.x, viewPoint.y, viewPoint.z, upVector.x, upVector.y, upVector.z); with the above, don't know if you need more information, how could I change it so that the camera acts like its rotating around itself, instead rotating around its viewpoint. You can see the current code at https://github.com/dchhetri/OpenGL-City/blob/master/opengl_camera.cpp, that class was adapted from codecolony.com.

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• How to create a script for moving a 3rd person controller in an iOS device by using Javascript in Unity3D?

  - by user36563

  I've a code but I'm not sure about the steps, so what I should do after the script? pragma strict public var horizontalSpeed : float = 1.0; public var verticalSpeed : float = 1.0; private var h : float = 0.0; private var v : float = 0.0; private var lastPos : Vector3 = Vector3.zero; function Update() { if UNITY_EDITOR if ( Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) ) { lastPos = Input.mousePosition; } else if ( Input.GetMouseButton(0) ) { var delta = Input.mousePosition - lastPos; h = horizontalSpeed * delta.x ; transform.Rotate( 0, -h, 0, Space.World ); v = verticalSpeed * delta.y ; transform.position += transform.forward * v * Time.deltaTime; lastPos = Input.mousePosition; } else if (Input.touchCount == 1) { var touch : Touch = Input.GetTouch(0); if (touch.phase == TouchPhase.Moved) { h = horizontalSpeed * touch.deltaPosition.x ; transform.Rotate( 0, -h, 0, Space.World ); v = verticalSpeed * touch.deltaPosition.y ; transform.position += transform.forward * v * Time.deltaTime; } } endif }

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• glTexImage2D not loading my data

  - by Clyde

  Can anyone suggest why this code doesn't work? When I draw using this texture all I get is black. If I use GLUtils.texImage2D() to load a png file, it works correctly. ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(128*128*4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); bb.position(0); for(int row = 0; row != 128; row++) { for(int i = 0 ; i != 128 ; i++) { bb.put((byte)0x80); bb.put((byte)0xFF); bb.put((byte)0xFF); bb.put((byte)i); } } int[] handle = new int[1]; GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D); GLES20.glGenTextures(1, handle, 0); DrawAdapter.checkGlError("Gen textures"); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, handle[0]); DrawAdapter.checkGlError("Bind textures"); bb.position(0); GLES20.glTexImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLES20.GL_RGBA, 128, 128, 0, GLES20.GL_RGBA, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bb); DrawAdapter.checkGlError("glTexImage2D"); return handle[0];

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• How can I tweak this A* search pathfinding algorithm to handle different terrain movement values?

  - by user422318

  I'm creating a 2D map-based action game with similar interaction design as Diablo II. In other words, the player clicks around a map to move their player. I just finished player movement and am moving on to pathfinding. In the game, enemies should charge the player's character. There are also five different terrain types that give different movement bonuses. I want the AI to take advantage of these terrain bonuses as they try to reach the player. I was told to check out the A* search algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm). I'm doing this game in HTML5 and JavaScript, and found a version in JavaScript: http://www.briangrinstead.com/blog/astar-search-algorithm-in-javascript I'm trying to figure out how to tweak it though. Below are my ideas about what I need to change. What else do I need to worry about? When I create a graph, I will need to initialize the 2D array I pass in passed on with a traversal of a map that corresponds to the different terrain types. in graph.js: "GraphNodeType" definition needs to be modified to handle the 5 terrain types. There will be no walls. in astar.js: The g and h scoring will need to be modified. How should I do this? in astar.js: isWall() should probably be removed. My game doesn't have walls. in astar.js: I'm not sure what this is. I think it indicates a node that isn't valid to be processed. When would this happen, though? At a high level, how do I change this algorithm from "oh, is there a wall there?" to "will this terrain get me to the player faster than the terrain around me?" Because of time, I'm also debating reusing my Bresenham algorithm for the enemies. Unfortunately, the different terrain movement bonuses won't be used by the AI, which will make the game suck. :/ I'd really like to have this in for the prototype, but I'm not a developer by trade nor am I a computer scientist. :D If you know of any code that does what I'm looking for, please share! Sanity check tips for this are also appreciated.

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