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  • Actionscript - Dropping Multiple Objects Using an Array?

    - by Eratosthenes
    I'm trying to get these fireBalls to drop more often, im not sure if im using Math.random correctly also, for some reason I'm getting a null reference because I think the fireBalls array waits for one to leave the stage before dropping another one? this is the relevant code: var sun:Sun=new Sun var fireBalls:Array=new Array() var left:Boolean; function onEnterFrame(event:Event){ if (left) { sun.x = sun.x - 15; }else{ sun.x = sun.x + 15; } if (fireBalls.length>0&&fireBalls[0].y>stage.stageHeight){ // Fireballs exit stage removeChild(fireBalls[0]); fireBalls.shift(); } for (var j:int=0; j<fireBalls.length; j++){ fireBalls[j].y=fireBalls[j].y+15; if (fireBalls[j].y>stage.stageHeight-fireBall.width/2){ } } if (Math.random()<.2){ // Fireballs shooting from Sun var fireBall:FireBall=new FireBall; fireBall.x=sun.x; addChild(fireBall); fireBalls.push(fireBall); } }

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  • How to make other semantics behave like SV_Position?

    - by object
    I'm having a lot of trouble with shadow mapping, and I believe I've found the problem. When passing vectors from the vertex shader to the pixel shader, does the hardware automatically change any of the values based on the semantic? I've compiled a barebones pair of shaders which should illustrate the problem. Vertex shader : struct Vertex { float3 position : POSITION; }; struct Pixel { float4 position : SV_Position; float4 light_position : POSITION; }; cbuffer Matrices { matrix projection; }; Pixel RenderVertexShader(Vertex input) { Pixel output; output.position = mul(float4(input.position, 1.0f), projection); output.light_position = output.position; // We simply pass the same vector in screenspace through different semantics. return output; } And a simple pixel shader to go along with it: struct Pixel { float4 position : SV_Position; float4 light_position : POSITION; }; float4 RenderPixelShader(Pixel input) : SV_Target { // At this point, (input.position.z / input.position.w) is a normal depth value. // However, (input.light_position.z / input.light_position.w) is 0.999f or similar. // If the primitive is touching the near plane, it very quickly goes to 0. return (0.0f).rrrr; } How is it possible to make the hardware treat light_position in the same way which position is being treated between the vertex and pixel shaders? EDIT: Aha! (input.position.z) without dividing by W is the same as (input.light_position.z / input.light_position.w). Not sure why this is.

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  • Data-driven animations

    - by saadtaame
    Say you are using C/SDL for a 2D game project. It's often the case that people use a structure to represent a frame in an animation. The struct consists of an image and how much time the frame is supposed to be visible. Is this data sufficient to represent somewhat complex animation? Is it a good idea to separate animation management code and animation data? Can somebody provide a link to animations tutorials that store animations in a file and retrieve them when needed. I read this in a book (AI game programming wisdom) but would like to see a real implementation.

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  • Is there a definitive reference on Pinball playfield design?

    - by World Engineer
    I'm looking at designing tables for Future Pinball but I'm not sure where to start as I've little background in game design per se. I've played scores of pinball tables over the years so I've a fairly good idea of what is "fun" in those terms. However, I'd like to know if there is a definitive "bible" of pinball design as far as layout and scoring/mode design goes. I've looked but there doesn't seem to be anything really coherent that I could find. Is it simply a lost art or am I missing some buried gem?

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  • How do I create a fire sphere (fireball) in opengl? (opengl Visual C++)

    - by gn66
    I'm making an evil Pacman in OpenGL and I need to make my spheres look like a fireballs, does anyone know how I do that? And what material colour should I use? Also, is there a colour palette to change the colour of my materials? This is how I create a sphere: GLfloat mat_ambient[] = { 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 0.774597, 0.774597, 0.774597, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_shine = 0.6; glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient); glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialf (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shine * 128); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(x,y,0); glutSolidSphere(size, 20, 10); glFlush(); glPopMatrix();

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  • Rotate triangle so that its tip points in the direction of the point on the screen that we last touched

    - by Sid
    OpenGL ES - Android. Hello all, I am unable to rotate the triangle accordingly in such a way that its tip always points to my finger. What i did : Constructed a triangle in by GL.GL_TRIANGLES. Added touch events to it. I can rotate the triangle along my Z-axis successfully. Even made the vector class for it. What i need : Each time when I touch the screen, I want to rotate the triangle to face the touch point. Need some help. Here's what i implemented. I wonder that where i am going wrong? My code : public class Graphic2DTriangle { private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer; private ByteBuffer indexBuffer; private float[] vertices = { -1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; private byte[] indices = { 0, 1, 2 }; public Graphic2DTriangle() { ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // Use native byte order vertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer(); // Convert byte buffer to float vertexBuffer.put(vertices); // Copy data into buffer vertexBuffer.position(0); // Rewind // Setup index-array buffer. Indices in byte. indexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); indexBuffer.put(indices); indexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, indices.length, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } } My SurfaceView class where i've done some Touch Events. public class BallThrowGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView{ MySquareRender _renderObj; View _viewObj; float oldX,oldY,dX,dY; final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 0.6f; Vector2 touchPos = new Vector2(); float angle=0; public BallThrowGLSurfaceView(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub _renderObj = new MySquareRender(context); this.setRenderer(_renderObj); this.setRenderMode(RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub touchPos.x = event.getX(); touchPos.y = event.getY(); Log.i("Co-ord", touchPos.x+"hh"+touchPos.y); switch(event.getAction()){ case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE : dX = touchPos.x - oldX; dY = touchPos.y - oldY; if(touchPos.y > getHeight()/2){ dX = dX*-1; } if(touchPos.x < getWidth()/2){ dY = dY*-1; } _renderObj.mAngle += (dX+dY) * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR; requestRender(); Log.i("AngleCo-ord", _renderObj.mAngle +"hh"); } oldX = touchPos.x; oldY = touchPos.y; Log.i("OldCo-ord", oldX+" hh "+oldY); return true; } } Last but not the least. My vector2 class. public class Vector2 { public static float TO_RADIANS = (1 / 180.0f) * (float) Math.PI; public static float TO_DEGREES = (1 / (float) Math.PI) * 180; public float x, y; public Vector2() { } public Vector2(float x, float y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public Vector2(Vector2 other) { this.x = other.x; this.y = other.y; } public Vector2 cpy() { return new Vector2(x, y); } public Vector2 set(float x, float y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; return this; } public Vector2 set(Vector2 other) { this.x = other.x; this.y = other.y; return this; } public Vector2 add(float x, float y) { this.x += x; this.y += y; return this; } public Vector2 add(Vector2 other) { this.x += other.x; this.y += other.y; return this; } public Vector2 sub(float x, float y) { this.x -= x; this.y -= y; return this; } public Vector2 sub(Vector2 other) { this.x -= other.x; this.y -= other.y; return this; } public Vector2 mul(float scalar) { this.x *= scalar; this.y *= scalar; return this; } public float len() { return FloatMath.sqrt(x * x + y * y); } public Vector2 nor() { float len = len(); if (len != 0) { this.x /= len; this.y /= len; } return this; } public float angle() { float angle = (float) Math.atan2(y, x) * TO_DEGREES; if (angle < 0) angle += 360; return angle; } public Vector2 rotate(float angle) { float rad = angle * TO_RADIANS; float cos = FloatMath.cos(rad); float sin = FloatMath.sin(rad); float newX = this.x * cos - this.y * sin; float newY = this.x * sin + this.y * cos; this.x = newX; this.y = newY; return this; } public float dist(Vector2 other) { float distX = this.x - other.x; float distY = this.y - other.y; return FloatMath.sqrt(distX * distX + distY * distY); } public float dist(float x, float y) { float distX = this.x - x; float distY = this.y - y; return FloatMath.sqrt(distX * distX + distY * distY); } public float distSquared(Vector2 other) { float distX = this.x - other.x; float distY = this.y - other.y; return distX * distX + distY * distY; } public float distSquared(float x, float y) { float distX = this.x - x; float distY = this.y - y; return distX * distX + distY * distY; } } PS : i am able to handle the touch events. I can rotate the triangle with the touch of my finger. But i want that ONE VERTEX of the triangle should point at my finger position respective of the position of my finger.

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  • Collision Detection within Player/Enemy Class

    - by user1264811
    I'm making a 2D platform game. Right now I'm just working on making a very generic Player class. I'm wondering if it would be more efficient/better practice to have an ActionListener within the Player class to detect collisions with Enemy objects (also have an ActionListener) or to handle all the collisions in the main world. Furthermore, I'm thinking ahead about how I will handle collisions with the platforms themselves. I've looked into the double boolean arrays to see which tiles players can go to and which they can't. I don't understand how to use this class and the player class at the same time. Thank you.

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  • How to implement a multi-part snake with smooth movement? [closed]

    - by Jamie
    Sorry that i couldnt answer on my previous post but it got closed. I couldnt answer because i had to prepair for my finals. As there were problems with understanding of what im trying to achieve, im going to describe a little bit more in depth. Im creating a game in which you steer a snake. I assume everybody knows how that works. But in my case the snake isnt just propagating in an array element by element. Imagine a 2Dgrid on which the snake moves. Its 10x10 tiles. Lets say one tile is 4x4 meters. The snakes head spawns in the middle of the (3,2) tile (beginning with (0,0)), so its position is (4*3+2,4*2+2)(the 2's are so that the snake is in the middle of the 4x4 tile). And heres where the fun begins. when the snake moves, it doesnt jump to next tile. Instead it moves a fraction of the way there. So lets say the snake is heading to tile (4,2). After it moved once, its position is (4*3+2+0.1,4*2+2), where 0.1 is the fraction of the way it moved. This is done to achieve smooth movement. So now im adding the rest of the body. The rest is supposed to move along the exact same path as the head did. I implemented it so that each part of the body has its own position and direction. Then i apply this algorithm: 1.Move each part in its direction. 2.If a part is in the middle of the tile(which implies all of them are), change each parts direction to the direction of the part proceeding it. As i said before i could make this work, but i cant stop thinking that im overlooking a much easier and cleaner solution. So this is my question. Is there any easier/better/faster way to do this?

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  • Android real time multiplayer over LAN

    - by Heigo
    I've developed several games for the android platform and now planning to create my first multiplayer game. What I have in mind is basically just a 2-player game witch you can play with 2 phones over local area connection/WiFi. Both phones need to be able to pass 3 integer values to the other phone in real time. So far I have considered using Socket's, but before I dig into it too deep I wanted to ask if there might be a better approach? Thanks!

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  • How to get a Read-Write Reference to Parent GameObject from a script component attached to it?

    - by onguarde
    I have a game object(object) with a script component(myscript) attached. I have a reference to myscript component through getComponent, and I want to change the transform of the gameObject the script is attached to. myscript.gameObject.transform = (new value); The above code gives me error, Property 'UnityEngine.GameObject.transform' is read only. Is there a way to get a read-write version?

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  • How do professional games avoid showing pixel seams in adjacent mesh boundaries due to decimal imprecision?

    - by ufomorace
    Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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  • Enemy collision detection with movie clips

    - by user18080
    I have created multiple movieclips with animations within them. It is an obstacle avoidance game and I cannot seem to be able to get my enemies to contact my playableCharacter. The enemies I have created are each embedded on certain levels of my game. I have created an array, enemiesArray to have each of my enemies placed within it. Here is the code for that: //step 1: make sure array exists if(enemiesArray!=null && enemiesArray.length!=0) { //step 2: check all enemies against villain for(var i:int = 0;i < enemiesArray.length; i++) { //step 3: check for collision if(villain.hitTestObject(enemiesArray[i])) { //step 4: do stuff trace("HIT!"); removeChild(enemiesArray[i]); enemiesArray.splice(i,1); removeChild(villain); villain = null; } } } What I am unsure of is whether or not my enemiesArray is actually holding the movieclips I have suggested. If it was, this code would be tracing back a "HIT" for every time I ran into an enemy and would kill my character. It is not doing that however. I am thinking I have to push my movieclips into my array but I don't know how to do that or where for that matter. Any and all help would be much appreciated.

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  • Looking for feedback on design pattern for simple 2D environment

    - by Le Mot Juiced
    I'm working in iOS. I am trying to make a very simple 2D environment where there are some basic shapes you can drag around with your finger. These shapes should interact in various ways when dropped on each other, or when single-tapped versus double-tapped, etc. I don't know the name for the design pattern I'm thinking of. Basically, you have a bunch of arrays named after attributes, such as "double-tappable" or "draggable" or "stackable". You assign these attributes to the shapes by putting the shapes in the arrays. So, if there's a double-tap event, the code gets the location of it, then iterates through the "double-tappable" array to see if any of its members are in that location. And so on: every interactive event causes a scan through the appropriate array or arrays. It seems like that should work, but I'm wondering if there's a better pattern for the purpose.

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  • how does HDR work?

    - by dotminic
    I'm trying to understand what HDR is and how it works. I understand the basic concepts and have an slight idea of how it is implemented with D3D/hlsl. However it's still pretty foggy. Say I'm rendering a sphere with a texture of the earth and a small point list of vertices to act as stars, how would I render this in HDR ? Here are a few things I'm confused about: I'm guessing, I can't use just any basic image format for the texture as the values would be limited to [0, 255] and clamped to [0, 1] in a shader. Same goes for the back buffer, I take it the format needs to be a float point format ? What are the other steps involved ? Surely there has to be more than just using floating point formats to render to a render target and then apply some bloom as a post process ? (considering the output will be 8bpp anyway) Basically, what are the steps for HDR ? How does it work ? I can't seem to find any good papers / articles that describe the process, other than this one, but it seems to skim over the basics a little, so it's confusing.

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  • Determining if something is on the right or left side of an object?

    - by meds
    I have a character in a 3D world which is facing an arbitrary direction on a flat plane, the player can click on the left or right side of the character and based on which side is clicked on a different action happens. How can I determine which side the click occured on? Obviously for straight on ahead (0,0,1) I can simply use the x coordinate of the click point to determine if it's the left or right hand side, but what about other cases?

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  • Efficient Algorithm for Recording gameplay's objects positions

    - by Scorch
    So, I have a game idea in mind, and for that I need to record the game around the player. I'me not talking about recording it as video, but rather recording the scene objects, and their positions within the game, and then render them, giving the player the ability to go back and forth, to stop time and move around. I've made a prototype with some data structures in C#, since this is going to be the programming language we'll be using in our game, but if we want the player to be able to go back just five minutes back with the data of just 100 NPC's, it takes almost 1GB of RAM. Right now, I'm just storing a Doubly linked list, each item with the object position. In the game, I'll need to store even more data in each node, so I need something even more ligher. Of course, this algorithm is zero optimized, but still, that is a lot. The alternatives would be create the NPC's that aren't really important to the game when the user is viewing the past, but I don't really like it very much for the sake of realism. I wonder if there is a better way to store this? Thanks in advance, Scorch

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  • How to log frame times in an existing OpenGL game? [on hold]

    - by J Collins
    I have been using FRAPS for some time to benchmark instantaneous frame rates in an OpenGL game for which I am creating maps. Until recently it had been quite reliable. Now however, the bench marking shortcut has been unresponsive and I can't explain why. Ideally I could have a logging system automatically start logging whenever the game had focus, but can't find a good tool to do so. So option a) find out how to make FRAPS reliable again or b) find a new tool. Could one of you kind folks help me? Edit: Concise questions Is there a widely recognised tool to log frame drawing times and rates for compiled applications? If the answer is universally the FRAPs tool, are there any clear cases in which logging will not or should not be expected to work?

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  • Android game scrolling background

    - by Stevanicus
    Hi There, I'm just trying to figure out the best approach for running a scolling background on an android device. The method I have so far.... its pretty laggy. I use threads, which I believe is not the best bet for android platforms @Override public void run() { // Game Loop while(runningThread){ //Scroll background down bgY += 1; try { this.postInvalidate(); t.sleep(10); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } where postinvalidate in the onDraw function simply pushings the background image down canvas.drawBitmap(backgroundImage, bgX, bgY, null); Thanks in advance

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  • Help with Meshes, and Shading

    - by Brian Diehr
    In a game I'm making in LibGdx, I wish to incorporate a ripple effect. I'm confused as to how I get access to the individual pixels on the screen, or any way to influence them (apart from what I can do with sprite batch). I have my suspicions that I have to do it through openGL, and it has something to do with apply a mesh? This brings me to my question, what exactly is a mesh? I've been working on my game for about half a year, and am doing great with the other aspects of the game, but I find this more advance stuff isn't as well documented. Thanks!

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  • How can I keep straight alpha during rendering particles?

    - by April
    Rencently,I was trying to save textures of 3D particles so that I can reuse the in 2D rendering.Now I had some problem with alpha channel.Some artist told me I that my textures should have unpremultiplied alpha channel.When I try to get the rgb value back,I got strange result.Some area went lighter and even totally white.I mainly focus on additive and blend mode,that is: ADDITIVE: srcAlpha VS 1 BLEND: srcAlpha VS 1-srcAlpha I tried a technique called premultiplied alpha.This technique just got you the right rgb value,its all you need on screen.As for alpha value,it worked well with BLEND mode,but not ADDITIVE mode.As you can see in parameters,BLEND mode always controlled its value within 1.While ADDITIVE mode cannot guarantee. I want proper alpha,but it just got too big or too small consider to rgb.Now what can I do?Any help will be great thankful. PS:If you don't understand what I am trying to do,there is a commercial software called "Particle Illusion".You can create various particles and then save the scene to texture,where you can choose to remove background of particles. Now,I changed the title.For some software like maya or AE,what I want is called [straight alpha].

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  • Drawing Transparency in XNA 4.0

    - by dpaz
    Using C# (VS2010) with XNA 4.0, I have a terrain layer (RenderTarget2D) in a 2D side-scroller. My visual system tracks updates to redraw individual tiles, but I am having trouble finding a way to clear out the rectangle where the tile will be drawn, which I must do because A) there may no longer be a tile or B) the tile may itself contain transparency. How can I draw a rectangle of transparency onto an existing RenderTarget2D? I essentially want to clear just that rectangular portion of it. My Google searches have not yielded anything relevant.

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  • Dynamic Components

    - by Alex
    I am attempting to design a component-based architecture that allows Components to be dynamically enabled and disabled, much like the system employed by Unity3D. For example, all Components are implicitly enabled by default; however, if one desires to halt execution of code for a particular Component, one can disable it. Naively, I want to have a boolean flag in Component (which is an abstract class), and somehow serialize all method calls into strings, so that some sort of ComponentManager can check if a given Component is enabled/disabled before processing a method call on it. However, this is a pretty bad solution. I feel like I should employ some variation of the state paradigm, but I have yet to make progress. Any help would be greatly appreciated,

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  • Sprite batching in OpenGL

    - by Roy T.
    I've got a JAVA based game with an OpenGL rendering front that is drawing a large amount of sprites every frame (during testing it peaked at 700). Now this game is completely unoptimized. There is no spatial partitioning (so a sprite is drawn even if it isn't on screen) and every sprite is drawn separately like this: graphics.glPushMatrix(); { graphics.glTranslated(x, y, 0.0); graphics.glRotated(degrees, 0, 0, 1); graphics.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); graphics.glTexCoord2f (1.0f, 0.0f); graphics.glVertex2d(half_size , half_size); // upper right // same for upper left, lower left, lower right graphics.glEnd(); } graphics.glPopMatrix(); Currently the game is running at +-25FPS and is CPU bound. I would like to improve performance by adding spatial partitioning (which I know how to do) and sprite batching. Not drawing sprites that aren't on screen will help a lot, however since players can zoom out it won't help enough, hence the need for batching. However sprite batching in OpenGL is a bit of mystery to me. I usually work with XNA where a few classes to do this are built in. But in OpenGL I don't know what to do. As for further optimization, the game I'm working on as a few interesting characteristics. A lot of sprites have the same texture and all the sprites are square. Maybe these characteristics will help determine an efficient batching technique?

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  • Can someone explain the (reasons for the) implications of colum vs row major in multiplication/concatenation?

    - by sebf
    I am trying to learn how to construct view and projection matrices, and keep reaching difficulties in my implementation owing to my confusion about the two standards for matrices. I know how to multiply a matrix, and I can see that transposing before multiplication would completely change the result, hence the need to multiply in a different order. What I don't understand though is whats meant by only 'notational convention' - from the articles here and here the authors appear to assert that it makes no difference to how the matrix is stored, or transferred to the GPU, but on the second page that matrix is clearly not equivalent to how it would be laid out in memory for row-major; and if I look at a populated matrix in my program I see the translation components occupying the 4th, 8th and 12th elements. Given that: "post-multiplying with column-major matrices produces the same result as pre-multiplying with row-major matrices. " Why in the following snippet of code: Matrix4 r = t3 * t2 * t1; Matrix4 r2 = t1.Transpose() * t2.Transpose() * t3.Transpose(); Does r != r2 and why does pos3 != pos for: Vector4 pos = wvpM * new Vector4(0f, 15f, 15f, 1); Vector4 pos3 = wvpM.Transpose() * new Vector4(0f, 15f, 15f, 1); Does the multiplication process change depending on whether the matrices are row or column major, or is it just the order (for an equivalent effect?) One thing that isn't helping this become any clearer, is that when provided to DirectX, my column major WVP matrix is used successfully to transform vertices with the HLSL call: mul(vector,matrix) which should result in the vector being treated as row-major, so how can the column major matrix provided by my math library work?

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  • How to detect and collide two elastic line segments?

    - by Tautrimas
    There are 4 moving physical nodes in 3D space. They are paired with two elastic line segments / strings (1 <- 2; 3 <- 4). Part I: How to detect the collision of two segments? Part II: On the moment of collision, fifth node is created at the intersection point and here you have the force-based graph. 5-th node (bend point) can slide among the strings as in a real world. Given the new coordinates of 4 nodes, how to calculate the position of the 5-th node on the next frame? I assume string force on the nodes to be F = -k * x where x is the string length. All I came up to is that the force between 5 and 1 equals 5 and 2 (the same with 3 and 4). What are the other properties?.

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