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  • How to calculate new velocities between resting objects (AABB) after accelerations?

    - by Tiedye
    lately I have been trying to create a 2D platformer engine in C++ with Direct2D. The problem I am currently having is getting objects that are resting against each other to interact correctly after accelerations like gravity have been applied to them. Right now I can detect collisions and respond to them correctly (I think) and when objects collide they remember what other objects they're resting against so objects can be pushed by other objects (note that there is no bounce in any collisions so when objects collide they are guaranteed to become resting until something else happens). Every time the simulation advances, the acceleration for objects is applied to their velocities (for example vx += ax * t, where t is time elapsed since last advancement). After these accelerations are applied, I want to check if any objects that are resting against each other are moving at different speeds than their counterparts (as different objects can have different accelerations) and depending on that difference either unlink the two objects so they are no longer resting, or even out their velocities so they are moving at the same speed once again. I am having trouble creating an algorithm that can do this across many resting objects. Here's a diagram to help explain my problem

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  • Minecraft mob spawning coding?

    - by Richard
    I recently discovered how to change the game (with MCP) and now I'd like to do my first "big" change to the game, creating new mobs. I already made their skin, the model, the AI and added a new entityID to the mob list. I just need to know how to make them spawn normally under similar conditions to zombies and skeletons. Thanks in advance! :D EDIT: Also, if anyone knows it, post tutorials about minecraft code editing, that would be great.

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  • What is involved with writing a lobby server?

    - by Kira
    So I'm writing a Chess matchmaking system based on a Lobby view with gaming rooms, general chat etc. So far I have a working prototype but I have big doubts regarding some things I did with the server. Writing a gaming lobby server is a new programming experience to me and so I don't have a clear nor precise programming model for it. I also couldn't find a paper that describes how it should work. I ordered "Java Network Programming 3rd edition" from Amazon and still waiting for shipment, hopefully I'll find some useful examples/information in this book. Meanwhile, I'd like to gather your opinions and see how you would handle some things so I can learn how to write a server correctly. Here are a few questions off the top of my head: (may be more will come) First, let's define what a server does. It's primary functionality is to hold TCP connections with clients, listen to the events they generate and dispatch them to the other players. But is there more to it than that? Should I use one thread per client? If so, 300 clients = 300 threads. Isn't that too much? What hardware is needed to support that? And how much bandwidth does a lobby consume then approx? What kind of data structure should be used to hold the clients' sockets? How do you protect it from concurrent modification (eg. a player enters or exists the lobby) when iterating through it to dispatch an event without hurting throughput? Is ConcurrentHashMap the correct answer here, or are there some techniques I should know? When a user enters the lobby, what mechanism would you use to transfer the state of the lobby to him? And while this is happening, where do the other events bubble up? Screenshot : http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/695/sansrewyh.png/

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  • Cube rotation DX10

    - by German
    Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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  • how to mask Cocos2d

    - by alex
    Hi i'am iOS developer but i'm new to cocos2d.Im working on new game i use Kobold2d Have cocos2d installed too and i want to make this effect. http://postimage.org/image/ngj399ibn/ I Know how is done on flash, but cant make it in kobold. There 2 images with the same size one is like low-res image for background and the secon hi-res over the first one,when the "reticle" mask move reveal the second image inside the circle and outsite only the background is visible. I was googling with no success, saw some ray wenderlich projects but not helpful.Any help

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  • World to Pixel Transformation

    - by D00d
    My objects have a location in world coordinates (basically 1.0f is a meter). If I simply draw my objects using their world coordinates, each meter will correspond to a pixel. Obviously that's not what I want. Now, I don't want to have to apply a transformation to each and every object's position when I draw them. As I happen to be using XNA, and spritebatch allows a Matrix to be passed in as an argument in it's begin method, I was wondering if there is a way to pass the World to Pixel transformation in there. Any suggestions? So far Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(zoom, zoom, 1)) puts the objects in their proper spot, but it also scales up the sprites. Is there a way to transform the position without enlarging the sprite? Thanks

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  • Verb+Noun Parsers and Old School Visual Novels [duplicate]

    - by user38943
    This question already has an answer here: How should I parse user input in a text adventure game? 6 answers Hi I'm working on a simple old school visual novel engine in Lua. Basically I have most of the code set up besides one important feature. The Text Parser. Lets get into how words are generally structured. In the screenshot I input the command "my wish is for you to die" --How would a human understand this? my = noun/object wish = verb is = connective_equator similar to = for = connective_object (for all objects of ..) you = noun/object to = connective_action similar to do die = verb --the computer can then parse this and understand it like this (pseudo example) my = user you = get_current_label() you = "Lost Coatl" wish = user_command user_command = for all_objects of "Lost Coatl" do die() end execute user_command() What other ways do videogames use text parsers, what would be the simplest way for a newbie coder such as myself?

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  • Help with timebased scoring algorithm

    - by Dave
    Im trying to devise an appropriate scoring system for my game. The game in essense has a finite number of tasks to complete (say 20) and the quicker you complete these task, the more points you get. I had devised a basic way of doing this using bands of time multiplied by a score for that band multiplied by the number of tasks solved within that time band i.e. (Time Band) = (Points) 1-5 sec = 15, 5-10 secs = 10, 10-20 secs = 5, 20-30 secs = 3, 40 secs onwards = 1, So for example if I did 3 tasks in the 1-5sec band i'd get 15*3=45points, if i found 10 in the 20-30sec band i'd get 3*10=30 points. Im sure there is a more mathematical way of doing this using powers of some kind but I just can't think how and hoping someone has already done something smilar.. Many thanks in advance

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  • Is IDirectInput8::FindDevice totally broken on Windows 7?

    - by Noora
    I'm developing on Windows 7, and using DirectInput8 for my input needs. I'm tracking gamepad additions and removals (that is, GUID_DEVINTERFACE_HID devices) using the DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL and DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE messages, which works fine. However, what I've come to find out is that no matter what I do, passing the received values from DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL to IDirectInput8's FindDevice method, it will always fail to identify the device, returning DIERR_DEVICENOTREG. DirectInput still clearly knows about the device, because I can enumerate and create it just fine. I've tried with three different gamepads, and the error persists, so it's not about that either. I also tried passing some alternative interface GUIDs for the RegisterDeviceNotification call, didn't help. So, has anyone else faced the same problem, and have you found a usable workaround? I'm afraid I'll soon have to stoop down to re-enumerating all devices when something is added or removed, but I'll first give this question one last shot here. EDIT: For the record, I've also tried pretty much every single HID API & SetupAPI function for alternative ways of figuring out the needed GUIDs, with zero success. So if you're facing the same problem as me, don't bother with that route. I'm pretty sure those GUIDs are made up by DirectInput itself somehow. Short of reverse engineering dinput8.dll, I'm truly out of ideas now.

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  • Drawing two orthogonal strings in 3d space in Android Canvas?

    - by hasanghaforian
    I want to draw two strings in canvas.First string must be rotated around Y axis,for example 45 degrees.Second string must be start at the end of first string and also it must be orthogonal to first string. This is my code: String text = "In the"; float textWidth = redPaint.measureText(text); Matrix m0 = new Matrix(); Matrix m1 = new Matrix(); Matrix m2 = new Matrix(); mCamera = new Camera(); canvas.setMatrix(null); canvas.save(); mCamera.rotateY(45); mCamera.getMatrix(m0); m0.preTranslate(-100, -100); m0.postTranslate(100, 100); canvas.setMatrix(m0); canvas.drawText(text, 100, 100, redPaint); mCamera = new Camera(); mCamera.rotateY(90); mCamera.getMatrix(m1); m1.preTranslate(-textWidth - 100, -100); m1.postTranslate(textWidth + 100, 100); m2.setConcat(m1, m0); canvas.setMatrix(m2); canvas.drawText(text, 100 + textWidth, 100, greenPaint); But in result,only first string(text with red font)is visible. How can I do drawing two orthogonal strings in 3d space?

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  • Projectile Rotation

    - by Alex
    I'm trying to add a projectile system like the projectiles in Realm Of The Mad God. (YouTube it to see what I mean) These projectiles seem to move according to their rotation perfectly and can have nearly any rotation. They also have near perfect hitboxing. What's the maths behind this? My Game works on an integer-based coordinate system, but at the moment projectiles can only shoot either 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 315 degrees.

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  • What file formats and conventions should I support to make my game engine artist-friendly?

    - by Avi
    I'm writing a game engine, and I want to know what I should do to make it more artist-friendly. I don't want to be too limiting in terms of what file formats I support, etc. Some specific questions: Are there specific formats artists like to model in? Does it not matter because the 3D modeler abstracts the data storage away? Is it okay if I don't support per-vertex coloration in my game engine? If I have to store a diffuse, specular, ambient, and emissive color value for each vertex, it doubles the size of vertices in the buffer. Is it reasonable to ask artists to do all these things in textures / maps? Any other tips you have about making it so that artists have to adapt their style to my specific engine as little as possible would be nice.

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  • Reasons to disable game save during combat (e.g. Mass Effect 2)

    - by Steve V.
    So I've been playing Mass Effect 2 (PC) and one of the things I've noticed is that you can only save your game when you're not engaged in combat. As soon as the first enemy shows up on your radar, the save button is disabled. Once combat is over, save functionality reappears. It seems reasonable to assume that Mass Effect 2 is a state machine, and therefore, the internal state of the program at any moment can be captured and reloaded later. This is basically a solved problem - games have been designed this way since the Half-Life era. It also seems reasonable to assume that BioWare knew what they were doing when they made the decision not to follow this model - it's a tried and true system; BioWare wouldn't have done it the way they did without some good reason. What reasons are there to disable game save functionality during combat?

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  • 3d js map rendering

    - by gotha
    In the past I've done a 2D tile map using HTML, CSS and Javascript. Now I have the task of creating a 3D version using the same technologies - think of it like a space map where all planets have x/y/z positions. Currently, I have no idea to do this. Is there an existing library or something I can modify to do my job? If not, what method of rendering the map should I use? It needs to be as browser independent as possible, so I can't use webgl, flash or canvas. I'm considering plain JS & HTML or SVG (using Raphael for compatibility).

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  • What problem does double or triple buffering solve in modern games?

    - by krokvskrok
    I want to check if my understanding of the causes for using double (or triple) buffering is correct: A monitor with 60Hz refresh's the monitor-display 60 times per second. If the monitor refresh the monitor-display, he updates pixel for pixel and line for line. The monitor requests the color values for the pixels from the video memory. If I run now a game, then this game is constantly manipulating this video memory. If this game don't use a buffer strategy (double buffering etc.) then the following problem can happen: The monitor is now refreshing his monitor-display. At this moment the monitor had refreshed the first half monitor-display already. At the same time, the game had manipulated the video memory with new data. Now the monitor accesses for the second half monitor-display this new manipulated data from the video memory. The problems can be tearing or flickering. Is my understanding of cases of using buffer strategy correct? Are there other reasons?

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  • How to synchronize the ball in a network pong game?

    - by Thaars
    I’m developing a multiplayer network pong game, my first game ever. The current state is, I’ve running the physic engine with the same configurations on the server and the clients. The own paddle movement is predicted and get just confirmed by the authoritative server. Is a difference detected between them, I correct the position at the client by interpolation. The opponent paddle is also interpolated 200ms to 100ms in the past, because the server is broadcasting snapshots every 100ms to each client. So far it works very well, but now I have to simulate the ball and have a problem to understanding the procedure. I’ve read Valve’s (and many other) articles about fast-paced multiplayer several times and understood their approach. Maybe I can compare my ball with their bullets, but their advantage is, the bullets are not visible. When I have to display the ball, and see my paddle in the present, the opponent in the past and the server is somewhere between it, how can I synchronize the ball over all instances and ensure, that it got ever hit by the paddle even if the paddle is fast moving? Currently my ball’s position is simply set by a server update, so it can happen, that the ball bounces back, even if the paddle is some pixel away (because of a delayed server position). Until now I’ve got no synced clock over all instances. I’m sending a client step index with each update to the server. If the server did his job, he sends the snapshot with the last step index of each client back to the clients. Now I’m looking for the stored position at the returned step index and compare them. Do I need a common clock to sync the ball? EDIT: I've tried to sync a common clock for the server and all clients with a timestamp. But I think it's better to use an own stepping instead of a timestamp (so I don't need to calculate with the ping and so on - and the timestamp will never be exact). The physics are running 60 times per second and now I use this for keeping them synchronized. Is that a good way? When the ball gets calculated by each client, the angle after bouncing can differ because of the different position of the paddles (the opponent is 200ms in the past). When the server is sending his ball position, velocity and angle (because he knows the position of each paddle and is authoritative), the ball could be in a very different position because of the different angles after bouncing (because the clients receive the server data after 100ms). How is it possible to interpolate such a huge difference? I posted this question some days ago at stackoverflow, but got no answer yet. Maybe this is the better place for this question.

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  • How to configure background image to be at the bottom OpenGL Android

    - by Maxim Shoustin
    I have class that draws white line: public class Line { //private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer frameVertices; ByteBuffer diagIndices; float[] vertices = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f }; public Line(GL10 gl) { // a float has 4 bytes so we allocate for each coordinate 4 bytes ByteBuffer vertexByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); vertexByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // allocates the memory from the byte buffer frameVertices = vertexByteBuffer.asFloatBuffer(); // fill the vertexBuffer with the vertices frameVertices.put(vertices); // set the cursor position to the beginning of the buffer frameVertices.position(0); } /** The draw method for the triangle with the GL context */ public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, frameVertices); gl.glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1f); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINE_LOOP , 0, vertices.length / 3); gl.glLineWidth(5.0f); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } } It works fine. The problem is: When I add BG image, I don't see the line glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setEGLConfigChooser(8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 0); glView.setRenderer(new mainRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer glView.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.bg_day); // <- BG glView.setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY); glView.getHolder().setFormat(PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT); How to get rid of that?

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  • Randomly spawning bitmaps on cnvas

    - by Toystoj
    I need some ideas in order to finish algorithm. I'm randomly placing objects (bitmaps) on canvas without overlapping. Time needed to finish it is my problem. When I need to spawn for example 80% of canvas it takes to long. So i was thinking : I should make some change when the bitmaps take off 50 % of canvas. I want to tell algorithm that it should generate new locations (x,y) where it is free space. My question is : How to render new location (x,y) in place where is free space. In summary: Things I know : object location (x,y) 4 corners (x,y) of object object width, height canvas width, height Any suggestions?

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  • Observer Pattern Implementation

    - by user17028
    To teach myself basic game programming, I am going to program a clone of Pong. I will use the Observer design pattern, with an interface between the input and the game engine. However, I'm not sure what the interface should do. One idea I had was for the input interface to tell the game engine that (e.g.) the screen was clicked, then to let the game engine decide what to do with that information (shoot a bullet, for example). Another idea I had was for the input interface, having caught the mouse click, to tell the game engine to shoot a bullet. Which method would be better for me to use?

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  • What are the app file size limitations for different smartphone OSes & carriers?

    - by Nick Gotch
    I know the iPhone App Store limits how large an app can be in general and there are also limitations with AT&T over the size it can be to transmit over a data plan vs WiFi. I have no idea what, if any, these limits are for Android apps and what I'm finding online is a mix of different numbers. Does anyone know these numbers definitively? The Android game I'm porting is in the 20-30MB range and we'd like to know if we need to further reduce its size.

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  • IDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData() returns no data

    - by P. Avery
    I've got a simple function to get the rendertarget data of an RT( w/default pool ). This particular RT has a resolution of 1x1( it's the 10'th and final mip of a texture ). Here is my code to get data for IDirect3DSurface9 *pTargetSurface: IDirect3DSurface9 *pSOS = NULL; pd3dDevice->CreateOffScreenPlainSurface( 1, 1, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM, &pSOS, NULL ); // get residual energy if( FAILED( hr = pd3dDevice->GetRenderTargetData( pTargetSurface, pSOS ) ) ) { DebugStringDX( ClassName, "Failed to IDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData() at DownsampleArea()", __LINE__, hr ); goto Exit; } // lock surface if( FAILED( hr = pSOS->LockRect( &rct, NULL, D3DLOCK_READONLY ) ) ) { DebugStringDX( ClassName, "Failed to IDirect3DSurface9::LockRect() at DownsampleArea()", __LINE__, hr ); goto Exit; } // get residual energy from downsampled texture pByte = ( BYTE* )rct.pBits; D3DXVECTOR4 vEnergy; vEnergy.z = ( float )pByte[ 0 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.y = ( float )pByte[ 1 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.x = ( float )pByte[ 2 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.w = ( float )pByte[ 3 ] / 255.0f; V( pSOS->UnlockRect() ); All formatting and settings are correct, directx in debug mode shows no errors... The problem is that the 4 bytes above are 0...I know this to be incorrect by using PIX to debug...PIX shows that RGB bytes are 0.078 and Alpah is 1. These values are not less than that which can be represented by a single byte( 1 / 255 ). Any ideas? Am I copying rendertarget data correctly?

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  • glTexImage2D not loading my data

    - by Clyde
    Can anyone suggest why this code doesn't work? When I draw using this texture all I get is black. If I use GLUtils.texImage2D() to load a png file, it works correctly. ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(128*128*4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); bb.position(0); for(int row = 0; row != 128; row++) { for(int i = 0 ; i != 128 ; i++) { bb.put((byte)0x80); bb.put((byte)0xFF); bb.put((byte)0xFF); bb.put((byte)i); } } int[] handle = new int[1]; GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D); GLES20.glGenTextures(1, handle, 0); DrawAdapter.checkGlError("Gen textures"); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, handle[0]); DrawAdapter.checkGlError("Bind textures"); bb.position(0); GLES20.glTexImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GLES20.GL_RGBA, 128, 128, 0, GLES20.GL_RGBA, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bb); DrawAdapter.checkGlError("glTexImage2D"); return handle[0];

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  • How to move a rectangle properly?

    - by bodycountPP
    I recently started to learn OpenGL. Right now I finished the first chapter of the "OpenGL SuperBible". There were two examples. The first had the complete code and showed how to draw a simple triangle. The second example is supposed to show how to move a rectangle using SpecialKeys. The only code provided for this example was the SpecialKeys method. I still tried to implement it but I had two problems. In the previous example I declared and instaciated vVerts in the SetupRC() method. Now as it is also used in the SpecialKeys() method, I moved the declaration and instantiation to the top of the code. Is this proper c++ practice? I copied the part where vertex positions are recalculated from the book, but I had to pick the vertices for the rectangle on my own. So now every time I press a key for the first time the rectangle's upper left vertex is moved to (-0,5:-0.5). This ok because of GLfloat blockX = vVerts[0]; //Upper left X GLfloat blockY = vVerts[7]; // Upper left Y But I also think that this is the reason why my rectangle is shifted in the beginning. After the first time a key was pressed everything works just fine. Here is my complete code I hope you can help me on those two points. GLBatch squareBatch; GLShaderManager shaderManager; //Load up a triangle GLfloat vVerts[] = {-0.5f,0.5f,0.0f, 0.5f,0.5f,0.0f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f}; //Window has changed size, or has just been created. //We need to use the window dimensions to set the viewport and the projection matrix. void ChangeSize(int w, int h) { glViewport(0,0,w,h); } //Called to draw the scene. void RenderScene(void) { //Clear the window with the current clearing color glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT|GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT); GLfloat vRed[] = {1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f}; shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_IDENTITY,vRed); squareBatch.Draw(); //perform the buffer swap to display the back buffer glutSwapBuffers(); } //This function does any needed initialization on the rendering context. //This is the first opportunity to do any OpenGL related Tasks. void SetupRC() { //Blue Background glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); shaderManager.InitializeStockShaders(); squareBatch.Begin(GL_QUADS,4); squareBatch.CopyVertexData3f(vVerts); squareBatch.End(); } //Respond to arrow keys by moving the camera frame of reference void SpecialKeys(int key,int x,int y) { GLfloat stepSize = 0.025f; GLfloat blockSize = 0.5f; GLfloat blockX = vVerts[0]; //Upper left X GLfloat blockY = vVerts[7]; // Upper left Y if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP) { blockY += stepSize; } if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN){blockY -= stepSize;} if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT){blockX -= stepSize;} if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT){blockX += stepSize;} //Recalculate vertex positions vVerts[0] = blockX; vVerts[1] = blockY - blockSize*2; vVerts[3] = blockX + blockSize * 2; vVerts[4] = blockY - blockSize *2; vVerts[6] = blockX+blockSize*2; vVerts[7] = blockY; vVerts[9] = blockX; vVerts[10] = blockY; squareBatch.CopyVertexData3f(vVerts); glutPostRedisplay(); } //Main entry point for GLUT based programs int main(int argc, char** argv) { //Sets the working directory. Not really needed gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]); //Passes along the command-line parameters and initializes the GLUT library. glutInit(&argc,argv); //Tells the GLUT library what type of display mode to use, when creating the window. //Double buffered window, RGBA-Color mode,depth-buffer as part of our display, stencil buffer also available glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_DEPTH|GLUT_STENCIL); //Window size glutInitWindowSize(800,600); glutCreateWindow("MoveRect"); glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize); glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene); glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys); //initialize GLEW library GLenum err = glewInit(); //Check that nothing goes wrong with the driver initialization before we try and do any rendering. if(GLEW_OK != err) { fprintf(stderr,"Glew Error: %s\n",glewGetErrorString); return 1; } SetupRC(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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  • Spawning bullets on command in Box2D

    - by recharge330
    I'm making a simple bullet hell game but I can't figure out how to get my character to shoot. Lets say I have bulletBody and shipBody, how would I continually spawn bulletBodies using the shipBody coordinates. I've tried a function that uses an array of b2bodies and just assigns them the bodydef and fixture but that causes the game to crash. C++ sample code would be best but any help is appreciated. EDIT: It looks like any reference to my b2World in a function will cause the game to crash. How do I declare the bodies without using a b2World as an argument in the function.

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  • How should game objects be aware of each other?

    - by Jefffrey
    I find it hard to find a way to organize game objects so that they are polymorphic but at the same time not polymorphic. Here's an example: assuming that we want all our objects to update() and draw(). In order to do that we need to define a base class GameObject which have those two virtual pure methods and let polymorphism kicks in: class World { private: std::vector<GameObject*> objects; public: // ... update() { for (auto& o : objects) o->update(); for (auto& o : objects) o->draw(window); } }; The update method is supposed to take care of whatever state the specific class object needs to update. The fact is that each objects needs to know about the world around them. For example: A mine needs to know if someone is colliding with it A soldier should know if another team's soldier is in proximity A zombie should know where the closest brain, within a radius, is For passive interactions (like the first one) I was thinking that the collision detection could delegate what to do in specific cases of collisions to the object itself with a on_collide(GameObject*). Most of the the other informations (like the other two examples) could just be queried by the game world passed to the update method. Now the world does not distinguish objects based on their type (it stores all object in a single polymorphic container), so what in fact it will return with an ideal world.entities_in(center, radius) is a container of GameObject*. But of course the soldier does not want to attack other soldiers from his team and a zombie doesn't case about other zombies. So we need to distinguish the behavior. A solution could be the following: void TeamASoldier::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<TeamBSoldier*>(e)) // shoot towards enemy } void Zombie::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<Human*>(e)) // go and eat brain } but of course the number of dynamic_cast<> per frame could be horribly high, and we all know how slow dynamic_cast can be. The same problem also applies to the on_collide(GameObject*) delegate that we discussed earlier. So what it the ideal way to organize the code so that objects can be aware of other objects and be able to ignore them or take actions based on their type?

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