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• Ubuntu 14.04 : Lost my sound randomly tried a few commands and I think I failed

  - by Marc-Antoine Théberge

  I lost my sound the other day and I tried to delete pulseaudio then reinstall, then I tried to delete it and install alsa, It did not work and I had to reinstall everything; overall bad idea... now I can't have any sound. Should I do a fresh install? I don't know how to boot an usb drive with GRUB... Here's my sysinfo System information report, generated by Sysinfo: 2014-05-28 05:45:58 http://sourceforge.net/projects/gsysinfo SYSTEM INFORMATION Running Ubuntu Linux, the Ubuntu 14.04 (trusty) release. GNOME: 3.8.4 (Ubuntu 2014-03-17) Kernel version: 3.13.0-27-generic (#50-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 15 18:08:16 UTC 2014) GCC: 4.8 (i686-linux-gnu) Xorg: 1.15.1 (16 April 2014 01:40:08PM) (16 April 2014 01:40:08PM) Hostname: mark-laptop Uptime: 0 days 11 h 43 min CPU INFORMATION GenuineIntel, Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N270 @ 1.60GHz Number of CPUs: 2 CPU clock currently at 1333.000 MHz with 512 KB cache Numbering: family(6) model(28) stepping(2) Bogomips: 3192.13 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 xtpr pdcm movbe lahf_lm dtherm MEMORY INFORMATION Total memory: 2007 MB Total swap: 1953 MB STORAGE INFORMATION SCSI device - scsi0 Vendor: ATA Model: ST9160310AS HARDWARE INFORMATION MOTHERBOARD Host bridge Intel Corporation Mobile 945GSE Express Memory Controller Hub (rev 03) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8340 PCI bridge(s) Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 4 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev e2) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode]) Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 4 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev e2) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode]) ISA bridge Intel Corporation 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 830f IDE interface Intel Corporation 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7-M Family) SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02) (prog-if 80 [Master]) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 830f GRAPHIC CARD VGA controller Intel Corporation Mobile 945GSE Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8340 SOUND CARD Multimedia controller Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 831a NETWORK Ethernet controller Qualcomm Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit or Fast Ethernet (rev b0) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8324

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• NVIDIA 550M Drivers

  - by DOOM

  First to say, I am newbie, to the linux world and in situation where i have to get used to using ubuntu. My system is: i7-2630QM 8GB Ram with 750GB HD + NVIDIa 550M (1GB) Since i was facing problems with wubi - "slow Ubuntu", i installed it on a separate partition, of 80GB (10GB Swap, 40GB HOME, 30GB ROOT). The system was running fine, before I started using some "CFD" (Graphics Dependent) application. I needed to use "paraview" a graphics software, to design some engineering stuff. Following the installation problems, i installed something called "messa" on my system. The software works but, now my system is "dead-slow". Even with the computer at an idle state, the laptop, is pretty slow, and with huge annoying fan noise. I was tried running some similar applications with windows, and it turns out that its not a hardware, but has to do with the GPU drivers. Following some forums, I installed the "nvidia-current" and now everything is the same. I know, there are many solutions on this forum for nvidia-driver updates, but as you see, nothings working my way. Please someone, tell me what is that I am doing wrong :( This is the output from my terminal for the command lspci | grep 'intel' 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev b5) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM67 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05) 03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1030 (rev 34)

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• How do I stop icons appearing on the desktop under conky?

  - by Seamus

  When I download something to my desktop, or insert a CD or flash drive, the icon appears on my desktop. When I have conky running, the icon sometimes appears in the top right corner, underneath conky; where I can't see it. How do I stop this happening? My .conkyrc is pasted below. I didn't write it all myself, so I'm not entirely sure what I need to change, or what parts are relevant for this particular question... # UBUNTU-CONKY # A comprehensive conky script, configured for use on # Ubuntu / Debian Gnome, without the need for any external scripts. # # Based on conky-jc and the default .conkyrc. # INCLUDES: # - tail of /var/log/messages # - netstat shows number of connections from your computer and application/PID making it. Kill spyware! # # -- Pengo # # Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus) own_window yes own_window_type override own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager # Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone) double_buffer yes # fiddle with window use_spacer right # Use Xft? use_xft yes xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=8 xftalpha 0.8 text_buffer_size 2048 # Update interval in seconds update_interval 3.0 # Minimum size of text area # minimum_size 250 5 # Draw shades? draw_shades no # Text stuff draw_outline no # amplifies text if yes draw_borders no uppercase no # set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase # Stippled borders? stippled_borders 3 # border margins border_margin 9 # border width border_width 10 # Default colors and also border colors, grey90 == #e5e5e5 default_color grey own_window_colour brown own_window_transparent yes # Text alignment, other possible values are commented #alignment top_left alignment top_right #alignment bottom_left #alignment bottom_right # Gap between borders of screen and text gap_x 10 gap_y 20 # stuff after 'TEXT' will be formatted on screen TEXT $color ${color orange}SYSTEM ${hr 2}$color $nodename $sysname $kernel on $machine ${color orange}CPU ${hr 2}$color ${freq}MHz Load: ${loadavg} Temp: ${acpitemp} $cpubar ${cpugraph 000000 ffffff} NAME ${goto 150}PID ${goto 200}CPU% ${goto 250}MEM% ${top name 1} ${goto 150}${top pid 1} ${goto 200}${top cpu 1} ${goto 250}${top mem 1} ${top name 2} ${goto 150}${top pid 2} ${goto 200}${top cpu 2} ${goto 250}${top mem 2} ${top name 3} ${goto 150}${top pid 3} ${goto 200}${top cpu 3} ${goto 250}${top mem 3} ${top name 4} ${goto 150}${top pid 4} ${goto 200}${top cpu 4} ${goto 250}${top mem 4} ${color orange}MEMORY / DISK ${hr 2}$color RAM: $memperc% ${membar 6}$color Swap: $swapperc% ${swapbar 6}$color Home: ${fs_free_perc /home}% ${fs_bar 6 /}$color Free Space: ${fs_free /home} ${color orange}NETWORK (${addr eth0}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed eth0} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed eth0} k/s ${downspeedgraph eth0 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph eth0 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown eth0} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup eth0} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr} ${color orange}WIRELESS (${addr wlan0}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed wlan0} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed wlan0} k/s ${downspeedgraph wlan0 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph wlan0 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown wlan0} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup wlan0} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr}

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• Unable to Mount an external hard drive (NTFS)

  - by Mediterran81

  Ubuntu 11.10. When I plug my external Drive Western Digital MyPassport (500Go NTFS) I named WD. I get the following error: Unable to mount WD Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: mount: according to mtab, /dev/sdb1 is already mounted on /media/WD mount failed I have no problem with the internal NTFS partitions that auto-mounts on startup (ntfs-config does that). If I plug the WD before I boot Ubuntu, upon login, it's recognized and I can access without no problem. But if I remove it using (Safely remove) and then replug it, I get the error above. Here is my fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sda5 : UUID=24540d0f-5803-493c-ace9-e3b3c0cedb26 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 #Entry for /dev/sda3 : UUID=E4C43F7EC43F51D2 /media/OS ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sda2 : UUID=6A0070F10070C61B /media/RECOVERY ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sdb1 : UUID=EA6854D268549F5F /media/WD ntfs-3g defaults,nosuid,nodev,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0 #Entry for /dev/sda6 : UUID=ed077c52-c50e-406c-9120-9cb6f86ec204 none swap sw 0 0 Here is my mtab /dev/sda5 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda3 /media/OS fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/RECOVERY fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /media/WD fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/hanine/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,user=hanine 0 0 Appearently it cannot be mounted because upon login, it finds that it is already mounted. Some sort of conflict. Does anyone have a clue on how to solve this. Thanks.

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• Why is my CPU being used while doing nothing?

  - by Jop

  I have installed Ubuntu GNOME in BIOS mode on my MacBook (BIOS mode so that the proprietary NVIDIA drivers work. I need them for gaming.). For some reason, a lot of CPU is being used while not really doing anything. It swings between 20-30% on both cores, usually. But when I look at the list of processes and sort by CPU usage, I do not see anything special. No processes intensively doing anything. How can I fix this? EDIT: Output of top command. jop@jop-MacBook:~$ top top - 17:08:02 up 41 min, 2 users, load average: 0,51, 0,69, 0,95 Tasks: 202 total, 2 running, 200 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 11,9 us, 5,8 sy, 0,0 ni, 80,3 id, 0,5 wa, 0,0 hi, 1,5 si, 0,0 st KiB Mem: 7908316 total, 2919940 used, 4988376 free, 153248 buffers KiB Swap: 3906244 total, 0 used, 3906244 free, 1326544 cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3785 root 20 0 195m 82m 26m S 22,9 1,1 2:43.77 Xorg 4429 jop 20 0 1543m 150m 60m S 7,3 1,9 1:26.26 compiz 4198 jop 20 0 633m 21m 11m S 1,7 0,3 0:04.96 unity-panel-ser 7425 jop 20 0 564m 18m 12m S 1,7 0,2 0:00.84 gnome-terminal 7019 jop 20 0 806m 89m 46m S 1,0 1,2 0:10.01 chrome 7323 jop 20 0 966m 93m 23m S 1,0 1,2 0:06.85 chrome 6742 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,7 0,0 0:00.43 kworker/0:3 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,3 0,0 0:06.01 ksoftirqd/0 7008 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,3 0,0 0:00.27 kworker/1:3 7302 jop 20 0 972m 96m 28m S 0,3 1,2 0:06.32 chrome 7310 jop 20 0 382m 63m 39m S 0,3 0,8 0:00.34 chrome 7498 jop 20 0 24840 1600 1120 R 0,3 0,0 0:00.22 top 1 root 20 0 27176 2944 1412 S 0,0 0,0 0:01.58 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kthreadd 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/u4:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:02.04 migration/0 Even when xorg isn't so busy like when I copied, CPU usage is higher then what the processes use.

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• Should Exterrnal USB hard drive auto mount Ubuntu 12.04.01 LTS

  - by Chris Good

  I want to have external USB hard drives automatically mounted when plugged in. I have 2 drives exactly the same except for volume label. They both have the same UUID. I want to be easily able to swap them as I'm using them for backups and want to keep 1 at home for off site backup. I've set up the /etc/fstab so they should mount at different places based on their volume label: /etc/fstab : LABEL=Passport1 /media/Passport1 ntfs defaults,windows_names,locale=en_US.utf8 0 0 LABEL=Passport2 /media/Passport2 ntfs defaults,windows_names,locale=en_US.utf8 0 0 blkid shows : ... /dev/sdc1: LABEL="Passport2" UUID="4E1AEA7B1AEA6007" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdd1: LABEL="Passport1" UUID="4E1AEA7B1AEA6007" TYPE="ntfs" They both mount automatically during reboot but do not mount when just plugged in to a running system. I've read lots of stuff about this, much of it is old so I'm not sure if it applies. I've read some stuff that says the mounts should happen automatically when plugged in, and lots of other stuff that says you have to install other software to make this happen, although much of it just seems to set up the fstab. What's the real story? Here is /var/log/syslog when drive is plugged in: Dec 14 11:22:58 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66221.300196] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 6 using ehci_hcd Dec 14 11:22:58 ausyvutims1 mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 6: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:03.0/usb1/1-1" Dec 14 11:22:58 ausyvutims1 mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 6 was not an MTP device Dec 14 11:22:58 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66221.656020] scsi7 : usb-storage 1-1:1.0 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.661534] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD My Passport 0748 1016 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.666466] scsi 7:0:0:1: Enclosure WD SES Device 1016 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.667739] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.667913] ses 7:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.668047] ses 7:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 13 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.678473] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] 1953458176 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.687700] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.687705] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 47 00 10 08 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.701076] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.701081] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.738062] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.738068] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.754558] sdc: sdc1 Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.792006] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.792012] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 kernel: [66222.792016] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk Dec 14 11:22:59 ausyvutims1 ata_id[16971]: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed for '/dev/sdc': Invalid argument Thanks for any help offered

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• What location to put bootloader, when running multiple drives and partition

  - by Matt G

  I have Win8 on my desktop, where a 120G SSD is used to run windows and some select applications, while I have a 2TB HDD to provide basic file storage and where possible, install applications instead of on the SSD. I want to install Ubuntu on a new partition of the HDD (I allocated 300GB, with 5GB swap file). I've used a USB to install the OS, which seemed to have done the job. However, after prompting for a restart, I can no longer boot to ubuntu. During instillation I was confused about where to install the "boot loader instillation". I ended up selecting "/dev/stb" because I figured I would be able to boot with BIOS by selecting the HDD drive as a priority over the SSD. The bootloader is a large part of where I think I went wrong. My partition system looked something like this: /dev/sta ... //SSD ~120 GB /dev/sta1 NTFS (350 MB) //Win8System /dev/sta2 NTFS (118 GB) //Win8C-Drive /dev/stb ... //HDD ~2TB /dev/stb1 NTFS (1563 GB) //FileStorage /dev/stb5 Free Space (300 GB) //Space I want to use for Linux (NOTE: Created two partitions from the 300GB, ~5GB and 295GB. stb5,stb6.) It'd be great if I could get an explanation of what drive you'd select for the boot loader and why, and what selections won't work with regards to the Boot Loader Instillation. I think I understand what Grub is, but I have no idea on how to use it, or play around with it. I seem to be able to get back into OS from my usb, however I believe it's just showing me a preview/trial of Ubuntu (ie, can't access any of the system NTFS drives). Note, if I try to install from the USB again, it will recognize that a version of Ubuntu 13.10 exists on the system. Apologies in advance, have used windows all my life, don't really know to much about Linux at all. Did have a brief skim over some similar questions, didn't find anything too useful. - Where to install bootloader when installing Ubuntu as secondary OS? - ubuntu 12.10 dual boot with windows 8 on two hdds - Dual-boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu on two SSDs with UEFI

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• Why is multithreading often preferred for improving performance?

  - by user1849534

  I have a question, it's about why programmers seems to love concurrency and multi-threaded programs in general. I'm considering 2 main approaches here: an async approach basically based on signals, or just an async approach as called by many papers and languages like the new C# 5.0 for example, and a "companion thread" that manages the policy of your pipeline a concurrent approach or multi-threading approach I will just say that I'm thinking about the hardware here and the worst case scenario, and I have tested this 2 paradigms myself, the async paradigm is a winner at the point that I don't get why people 90% of the time talk about multi-threading when they want to speed up things or make a good use of their resources. I have tested multi-threaded programs and async program on an old machine with an Intel quad-core that doesn't offer a memory controller inside the CPU, the memory is managed entirely by the motherboard, well in this case performances are horrible with a multi-threaded application, even a relatively low number of threads like 3-4-5 can be a problem, the application is unresponsive and is just slow and unpleasant. A good async approach is, on the other hand, probably not faster but it's not worst either, my application just waits for the result and doesn't hangs, it's responsive and there is a much better scaling going on. I have also discovered that a context change in the threading world it's not that cheap in real world scenario, it's in fact quite expensive especially when you have more than 2 threads that need to cycle and swap among each other to be computed. On modern CPUs the situation it's not really that different, the memory controller it's integrated but my point is that an x86 CPUs is basically a serial machine and the memory controller works the same way as with the old machine with an external memory controller on the motherboard. The context switch is still a relevant cost in my application and the fact that the memory controller it's integrated or that the newer CPU have more than 2 core it's not bargain for me. For what i have experienced the concurrent approach is good in theory but not that good in practice, with the memory model imposed by the hardware, it's hard to make a good use of this paradigm, also it introduces a lot of issues ranging from the use of my data structures to the join of multiple threads. Also both paradigms do not offer any security abut when the task or the job will be done in a certain point in time, making them really similar from a functional point of view. According to the X86 memory model, why the majority of people suggest to use concurrency with C++ and not just an async approach ? Also why not considering the worst case scenario of a computer where the context switch is probably more expensive than the computation itself ?

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• Expanding Influence and Community

  - by Johnm

  When I was just nine years of age my father introduced me to the computer. It was a Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer (aka: CoCo). He shared with me the nuances of writing BASIC and it wasn't long before I was in the back seat of the school bus scribbling, on a pad of paper, the code I would later type. My father demonstrated that while my friends were playing their Atari 2600 consoles, I had the unique opportunity to create my own games on the Coco. One of which provided a great friend of mine hours and hours of hilarity and entertainment. It wasn't long before my father was inviting me to tag along as he drove to the local high school where a gathering of fellow Coco enthusiasts assembled. In these meetings all in attendance would chat about their latest challenges and solutions. They would swap the labors of their sleepless nights eagerly gazing into their green and black screens. Friendships were built and business partners were developed. While these experiences at the time in my pre-teen mind were chalked up to simply sharing time with my father, it had a tremendous impact on me later in life. This past weekend I attended the Louisville SQL Saturday (#45). It was great to see that there were some who brought along their children. It is encouraging to see fresh faces in the crowd at our  monthly IndyPASS meetings. Each time I see the youthful eyes peering from the audience while the finer details of SQL Server is presented, I cannot help but to be transported back to the experiences that I enjoyed in those Coco days. It is exciting to think of how these experiences are impacting their lives and stimulating their minds. Some of these children have actually approached me asking questions about what was presented or simply bragging about their latest discovery in programming. One of the topics that arose in the "Women in Technology" session in Louisville, which was masterfully facilitated by Kathi Kellenberger, was exploring how we could ignite the spark of interest in databases among the youth. It was awesome to hear that there were some that volunteer their time to share their experiences with students. It made me wonder what user groups could achieve if we were to consider expanding our influence and community beyond our immediate peers to include those who are simply enjoying their time with their father or mother.

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• How do I set image position in conky

  - by realitygenerator

  I copied and modified an existing .conkyrc file from the ubuntu forum and I'm trying to place the LinuxMint logo in a specific position Below are my conkyrc file and the screenshot # UBUNTU-CONKY # A comprehensive conky script, configured for use on # Ubuntu / Debian Gnome, without the need for any external scripts. # # Based on conky-jc and the default .conkyrc. # INCLUDES: # - tail of /var/log/messages # - netstat shows number of connections from your computer and application/PID making it. Kill spyware! # # -- Pengo # # Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus) own_window yes own_window_type desktop own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager # Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone) double_buffer yes # fiddle with window use_spacer right # Use Xft? use_xft yes xftfont URW Gothic:size=8 xftalpha 0.8 text_buffer_size 2048 # Update interval in seconds update_interval 3.0 # Minimum size of text area # minimum_size 250 5 # Draw shades? draw_shades no # Text stuff draw_outline no # amplifies text if yes draw_borders no uppercase no # set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase # Stippled borders? stippled_borders 3 # border margins border_margin 9 # border width border_width 10 # Default colors and also border colors, grey90 == #e5e5e5 default_color grey own_window_colour brown own_window_transparent yes # Text alignment, other possible values are commented #alignment top_left #alignment top_right #alignment bottom_left #alignment bottom_right. alignment top_middle # Gap between borders of screen and text gap_x 10 gap_y 10 #Display temp in fahrenheit temperature_unit fahrenheit #Choose which screen on which to display # stuff after 'TEXT' will be formatted on screen TEXT $color ${color green}SYSTEM ${hr 2}$color $nodename $sysname $kernel on $machine LinuxMint 11 "Katya" (Oneric) ${image ~/Conky/Logo_Linux_Mint.png -s 80x60 -f 86400} ${color green}CPU ${hr 2}$color ${freq}MHz Load: ${loadavg} Temp: ${hwmon temp 1} $cpubar ${cpugraph 000000 ffffff} NAME PID CPU% MEM% ${top name 1} ${top pid 1} ${top cpu 1} ${top mem 1} ${top name 2} ${top pid 2} ${top cpu 2} ${top mem 2} ${top name 3} ${top pid 3} ${top cpu 3} ${top mem 3} ${top name 4} ${top pid 4} ${top cpu 4} ${top mem 4} ${color green}MEMORY / DISK ${hr 2}$color RAM: $memperc% ${membar 6}$color Swap: $swapperc% ${swapbar 6}$color Root: ${fs_free_perc /}% ${fs_bar 6 /}$color hda1: ${fs_free_perc /media/sda1}% ${fs_bar 6 /media/sda1}$color ${color green}NETWORK (${addr eth1}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed eth1} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed eth1} k/s ${downspeedgraph eth1 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph eth1 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown eth1} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup eth1} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr} ${color green}LOGGING ${hr 2}$color ${execi 30 tail -n3 /var/log/messages | awk '{print " ",$5,$6,$7,$8,$9,$10}' | fold -w50} ${color green}FORTUNE ${hr 2}$color ${execi 120 fortune -s | fold -w50} I want to put the mint logo right after the word (oneric). Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• external USB HD doesn't show up on 'sudo fdisk -l' on one Ubuntu, shows up on another (both 'precise')

  - by Menelaos

  I have a 1.5TB WD external USB HDD and two Ubuntu systems, both 'precise'. When I plug the disk on system A it doesn't show up on the output of sudo fdisk -l nor is it automatically mounted (note that that wasn't always the case - it used to appear in the past). When I plug it on system B (again Ubuntu precise) it shows up when I do a sudo fdisk -l (output appended at the end) and mounts automatically just fine. What does this discrepancy point to and what kind of diagnostics should I run / tools I should use to troubleshoot the problem? I followed the suggestion I received to do a sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog and the output is the following when I plug, unplug and replug the USB cable on System A: Sep 14 23:27:09 thorin mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 3: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-2" Sep 14 23:27:09 thorin mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 3 was not an MTP device Sep 14 23:28:01 thorin kernel: [ 338.994295] usb 2-2: USB disconnect, device number 3 Sep 14 23:28:04 thorin kernel: [ 341.808139] usb 2-2: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd Sep 14 23:28:04 thorin mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 4: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-2" Sep 14 23:28:04 thorin mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 4 was not an MTP device Sep 14 23:29:54 thorin AptDaemon: INFO: Quitting due to inactivity Sep 14 23:29:54 thorin AptDaemon: INFO: Quitting was requested (I guess the last two message are irrelevant). Output of sudo fdisk -l on System B $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00070db4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2905114623 1452556288 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2905116670 2930276351 12579841 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2905116672 2930276351 12579840 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9c849c84 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 488375999 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdg: 1500.3 GB, 1500299395072 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930272256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003e17f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdg1 2048 2930272255 1465135104 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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• Ubuntu doesn't "see" external USB Hard Disk

  - by Mina Michael

  It's NTFS. It's USB2. I'm using Ubuntu 13.04. It works perfectly fine on Windows (which excludes cable and hardware problems). I have two Ubuntu computers and it's not detected on either. It's about 500 GB. Edits: Following the first link, I input sudo lsusb in a terminal; before and after connecting the HDD. The difference was Bus 001 Device 012: ID 14cd:6116 Super Top M6116 SATA Bridge. There it is! ("sata bridge" used to appear in a windows notification when I plugged in the HDD in!). ...This means that Ubuntu detects it but is it not mounting it? I tried this: sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt But gives this: mount: special device /dev/sdb1 does not exist I also tried: sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt but it stays with no output forever. I left it in background for about 30 min.s. sudo fdisk -l gives out this: Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa42d04a3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 * 80325 102481919 51200797+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 263874558 312580095 24352769 5 Extended /dev/sda4 102481920 263872511 80695296 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda5 263874560 310505471 23315456 83 Linux /dev/sda6 310507520 312580095 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x5822aaea Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 976769023 488383488 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT The part below "Partition table entries are not in disk order" takes about 5 minutes to appear. The outputs of ls /dev/ | grep sd before and after connecting the HDD: before: sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 ,after: sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sdd sdd1 The second output has the lines sdd and sdd1 different from the first one. IT SHOWED THE FILES!! The command sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt worked after I typed in sudo fdisk -l!!! Thanks a million!! :) :)

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• Dual booting windows 8/ubuntu 12.04. Grub doesn't appear and machine never boot in ubuntu

  - by black sensei

  i got a new ACER predator AG3620-UR308 which came with windows 8, so i wanted to run ubuntu 12.04.2 on it as a dual booting. To be honest, i've been doing dual booting for a while now so, i did the right thing. the box came with 2TB HDD. so i made 4 partitions with a raw partition just after the windows installation partition I always do manual installation so even if ubuntu didn't detect windows 8, it was ok for me. So i created swap area and finished the installation etc....Grub was install on the only drive there which is sda. After reboot, grub doesn't even come up.So it always boot in windows 8. I did repeat the installation process twice and yield same result. which is weird because this method always works for me so far.Even the laptop am using to write this post is a dual booting windows 7/ mint nadia installed the same way. Is there anything new in windows 8 that i didn't make provision for? Before starting the installation, all i read about was that , windows 8 should be installed first and ubuntu after. I went ahead and disable secure boot from the BIOS and enabled CSM (don't even know what it means) according to Acer custhelp site . I boot from USB and did fdisk -l bellow is the result: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8c361cb5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 3907029167 1953514583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdb: 8178 MB, 8178892800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 994 cylinders, total 15974400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006a87e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 15972351 7985152 b W95 FAT32 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ Can anybody shed some light? thank you in advance

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• Ubuntu 13.XX unable to mount USB HDD. Tried everything. I/O error boot sector/file system

  - by XaviGG

  I know that there are many posts related but none of them helped me. I will jump to the last test because it is the one that should work, but it does not. An external HDD with single partition slow NTFS formatted in Windows, empty and clean. Checked for errors, it tells that not errors where found. Moving to Ubutnu 13.04... Gparted throws the first error when trying to read the disk: Input/output error It appears as unknown the content of the disk. Unable to create partition table or format it, getting the same error when trying. If I try to mount it in the terminal it tells me the same, specifying that also there is an I/O error reading the boot sector. I have this problem since I upgraded (always with fresh install) to 13.04. I thought it will be solved by the 13.10 but it has the same behavior. I tried with two different HDD (HD and SSHD) that work perfectly in Windows 7. In 13.04 at least I got a trying of mounting where the icon of the drive started showing and disappearing until finally it disappeared. But now it doesn't even try. Possible causes: -The HDD was my old main HDD, so it had WIN,RECOVERY,SYSTEM,UBU,SWAP partitions. Maybe the way or place where the partition table is defined is not the best for an external HDD but I don't know a lot in that topic. I would appreciate a lot if someone can give me a guideline to convert one of these HDD in a working external HDD. No files to recover, nothing to care about. Just format completely the disk and be able to use it for storing backups without having to move the files first to the windows partition, load windows and then copy them to the external HDD. Because I want to use a file comparator for the backups. Thanks a lot Edit 1: I found an option in Windows to convert it to a dynamic HDD that warns me that I wont be able to run O.S. after changing. I suppose that is what I need because in the current mode I cannot safely extract it. But it tells me an error that it couldn't change the mode.

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• More elegant way to avoid hard coding the format of a a CSV file?

  - by dsollen

  I know this is trivial issue, but I just feel this can be more elegant. So I need to write/read data files for my program, lets say they are CSV for now. I can implement the format as I see fit, but I may have need to change that format later. The simply thing to do is something like out.write(For.getValue()+","+bar.getMinValue()+","+fi.toString()); This is easy to write, but obviously is guilty of hard coding and the general 'magic number' issue. The format is hard-coded, requires parsing of the code to figure out the file format, and changing the format requires changing multiple methods. I could instead have my constants specifying the location that I want each variable to be saved in the CSV file to remove some of the 'magic numbers'; then save/load into the an array at the location specified by the constants: int FOO_LOCATION=0; int BAR_MIN_VAL_LOCATION=1; int FI_LOCATION=2 int NUM_ARGUMENTS=3; String[] outputArguments=new String[NUM_ARGUMENTS]; outputArguments[FOO_LOCATION] = foo.getValue(); outputArgumetns[BAR_MIN_VAL_LOCATION] = bar.getMinValue(); outptArguments[FI_LOCATOIN==fi.toString(); writeAsCSV(outputArguments); But this is...extremely verbose and still a bit ugly. It makes it easy to see the format of existing CSV and to swap the location of variables within the file easily. However, if I decide to add an extra value to the csv I need to not only add a new constant, but also modify the read and write methods to add the logic that actually saves/reads the argument from the array; I still have to hunt down every method using these variables and change them by hand! If I use Java enums I can clean this up slightly, but the real issue is still present. Short of some sort of functional programming (and java's inner classes are too ugly to be considered functional) I still have no obvious way of clearly expressing what variable is associated with each constant short of writing (and maintaining) it in the read/write methods. For instance I still need to write somewhere that the FOO_LOCATION specifies the location of foo.getValue(). It seems as if there should be a prettier, easier to maintain, manner for approaching this? Incidentally, I'm working in java at the moment, however, I am interested conceptually about the design approach regardless of language. Some library in java that does all the work for me is definitely welcome (though it may prove more hassle to get permission to add it to the codebase then to just write something by hand quickly), but what I'm really asking is more about how to write elegant code if you had to do this by hand.

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• How can I create a flexible system for tiling a 2D RPG map?

  - by CptSupermrkt

  Using libgdx here. I've just finished learning some of the basics of creating a 2D environment and using an OrthographicCamera to view it. The tutorials I went through, however, hardcoded their tiled map in, and none made mention of how to do it any other way. By tiled map, I mean like Final Fantasy 1, where the world map is a grid of squares, each with a different texture. So for example, I've got a 6 tile x 6 tile map, using the following code: Array<Tile> tiles = new Array<Tile>(); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(0,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(1,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(2,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(3,5), TileType.GRASS)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(4,5), TileType.STONE)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(5,5), TileType.STONE)); //... x5 more times. Given the random nature of the environment, for loops don't really help as I have to start and finish a loop before I was able to do enough to make it worth setting up the loop. I can see how a loop might be helpful for like tiling an ocean or something, but not in the above case. The above code DOES get me my final desired output, however, if I were to decide I wanted to move a piece or swap two pieces out, oh boy, what a nightmare, even with just a 6x6 test piece, much less a 1000x1000 world map. There must be a better way of doing this. Someone on some post somewhere (can't find it now, of course) said to check out MapEditor. Looks legit. The question is, if that is the answer, how can I make something in MapEditor and have the output map plug in to a variable in my code? I need the tiles as objects in my code, because for example, I determine whether or not a tile is can be passed through or collided with based on my TileTyle enum variable. Are there alternative/language "native" (i.e. not using an outside tool) methods to doing this?

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• Developer career feeling like going back in time every new job [closed]

  - by komediant

  Is there a good category for this question? My background is bachelor in ICT and for a hobby I am programming already since I was around twelve I think. Started with QBasic, Pascal, C, Java et cetera. Currently I am working for about eight/nine years. Half academics/medical and half company world. A few years ago I started with frameworks and I began with Grails (underlying Spring/Hibernate), which was a heavenly job, very productive and no hassle. My previous job I developed in pure Spring/Hibernate Java, which was a bit more writing annotations and XML and no conventions like Grails. But still, I did like Spring/Hibernate a lot and the professional setup with a developmentstreet, versioning, Jenkins/Sonar, log4j and a good IDE like IntellIJ. It felt quite 'clear' and organised, although I knew Grails which felt a bit more productive. But...at my current job almost half the code is pure servlet, hard coded JDBC (connections handled by yourself), scriptlets in all JSP pages, no service layer, no versioning, no Maven, HTML in DAO-layer, JAR-hell, no hot swap deployment locally, every change you have to deploy and hope it works fine on the server. All local development needs ugly scriptlet tags to check which environment it is running. Et cetera. Now and then developers work over in the evening - I don't - and still lots of issues are not solved and new projects are waiting. I hear the developers complaining, but somehow they feel like what they have now is "advanced" or they are in a sort of comfore zone. The lead developer seems open for new things, but half of the times he says he can implement MVC-framework features himself instead of using what is already out there. So in short, I currently feel like I miss all the modern framework techniques and that the company is going so slow forward. I just work here for two months now. What I do now is also code some partially ugly stuff, but it goes in completely into my nature and I feel uncomfortable with it. Coding something takes long(er) than estimated and my manager complains about why it takes so long and I feel ashamed for myself needing so much time. Where I was used to just writing a query I now build up whole try catch methods. My manager knows my complaints and the developers do so too. There will come a meeting to line out plans for 2013 on technology and the issues I and the company are facing. I am not looking for another job yet, it's close to wehre I live and the economy is fragile. Does anyone else have had this kind of career, like feeling going backwards witch technology? And how did you cope with it?

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• Weird Ubuntu Desktop Boot Partition On External Hard Drive

  - by Magnitus

  I have a Thinkpad with Windows 7. Last time I installed an Ubuntu/Windows dual boot, Windows was never same after and regularly got corrupted so this time, I installed Ubuntu on a separate external hard drive. I took a 500 GB external hard drive and used Windows to shrink the partition on it to 400 GB, freeing 100 GB to install Ubuntu. Then I modified the booting priority of my computer to boot from the external hard drive if present. Then, I installed Ubuntu desktop on the external hard drive using a DVD, picked the most simplistic partitioning scheme I could get away with (didn't go auto as it didn't include the external hard drive as a choice) and voilà. Fast forward some time and I'm trying to refresh my understanding of Linux partitions to install a bunch of servers, so I'm looking at the current partitioning scheme on my external hard drive and find the boot partition puzzling... sda is my integrated hard drive with Windows 7. sdb is my Ubuntu desktop external hard drive. Running parted on sdb, I get this: (parted) print Model: WD My Passport 0740 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 393GB 393GB primary ntfs boot 2 393GB 500GB 107GB extended 5 393GB 425GB 32.8GB logical linux-swap(v1) 6 425GB 500GB 74.6GB logical ext4 At this point, I'm wondering why the ntfs partition is flagged as "boot" and not my ext4 partition which is the partition that contains / (and by extension, /boot since it's not on its own separate partition). Looking at mtab only confirms what I already know: eric@eric-ThinkPad-W530:~$ sudo cat /etc/mtab /dev/sdb6 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /run/user tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755 0 0 none /sys/fs/pstore pstore rw 0 0 systemd /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd 0 0 gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,user=eric 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /media/eric/My\040Passport fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096 0 0 My lack of understanding concerning this is not vital to anything (this is only my development desktop partition), but somehow annoys me. Any insight that could shed some light on this would be welcome.

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• Raid superblock missing on single parition. Recovery needed!

  - by user171639

  Ok so I have a 2 TB raid 1 setup that has three partitions: sdc1: linux sdc2: swap sdc3: LVM for data However the LVM will no longer mount. So I thought that I would take the first drive, mount it in linux (ive done this b4), and reset the spare drive to copy the data. Normally I can mount a single drive for data recovery using: sudo su apt-get install mdadm lvm2 mdadm --assemble --scan modprobe dm-mod vgscan vgchange -ay c mount -o ro /dev/c/c /mnt Unfortunately, vgscan doesnot recognize the data partition. It appears as though the superblock on the first drive's data partition was erased while syncing with the second. So now I cannot mount that partition and the second drive is stuck in spare mode. Any ideas? Or a way to force mount the data partition just to copy the data? knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo su root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# apt-get install mdadm lvm2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done lvm2 is already the newest version. mdadm is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 551 not upgraded. root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# mdadm --assemble --scan mdadm: /dev/md/1 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2). mdadm: /dev/md/0 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2). root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# modprobe dm-mod root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... No volume groups found root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdc1[2] 4193268 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md1 : active raid1 sdc2[2] 524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] unused devices: <none> root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# mdadm -v --assemble --auto=yes /dev/md2 /dev/sdc3 mdadm: looking for devices for /dev/md2 mdadm: no recogniseable superblock on /dev/sdc3 mdadm: /dev/sdc3 has no superblock - assembly aborted root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# dumpe2fs /dev/md0 | grep -i superblock dumpe2fs 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-1 Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32769 Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98305 Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163841 Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229377 Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294913 Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819201 Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884737 root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# Notes: I can read the super block from the spare drive. I was gonna try and restore the superblock from one of the backups, but i dont know how or if this would work. I also heard creating a new array (mdadm --create) using the same parameters will not delete the data on the drive but i didnt want to risk it. Recommendations?

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• Can my machine run Ubuntu( kubuntu | xubuntu | mint ) 12.04 WELL?

  - by Steve

  I have a 9 year old computer packing the hardware listed below. My question is, can I run 12.04 ( Ubuntu, Kubuntu, MINT or Xubuntu ) WELL? I was running Ubuntu 10.10 and I upgraded to 12.04 by going through each release via the update manager: 11.04 - 11.10 -12.04 During the installation process for 12.04 I saw an error message that there was an error installing and setting up part of the kernel. Later, when I tried installing a package in synaptic, I got another error message mentioning the kernel. When I rebooted, I got told somehting about my video and graphics was not configured properly and that I would have to do it manually ( like I know ). It gave me the option to enter the system in low graphics mode, but it just hanged. I had an old livecd of Xubuntu 10.10 around so I used that to get into my computer and copy data over to an external hard drive. I think tried to install Xubuntu 10.10 from the livecd, with the option "download updates" checked. The install process moved along a bit, then halted for about 5 hours. I rebooted my machine and tried the Xubuntu 10.10 installer WITHOUT the option to "download updates". The install completed in about 15 minutes. So, all of that is making me wonder if there is someting about 12.04 that does not like my hardware. I'm willing to try again, but only if I know I will not have to spend hours just to get to an error message and a hosed up system like I did last night. I also think I have a lot more RAM than is being reported in the output below. I had extra ram installed last year. I'm not good with the command line readouts, but there seems like there should be a lot more. I wasn't thrilled with Unity. I am willing to try Kubuntu 12.04. Will I run into the same problems? What is the highest version of a *ubuntu can I upgrade to? Thanks CPU Model: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.53GHz Frequency: 2533.223 MHz L2 Cache: 512 KB Bogomips: 5066.44 Numbering: family(15) model(2) stepping(7) Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe up pebs bts cid RAM ~$ free -mt total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1506 891 615 0 91 521 -/+ buffers/cache: 278 1227 Swap: 1609 0 1609 Total: 3116 891 2225 Video Card 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation NV18 [GeForce4 MX 440 AGP 8x] (rev a2) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. V9180 Magic Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 16 Memory at fd000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M] Memory at f0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] Expansion ROM at fe9e0000 [disabled] [size=128K] Kernel driver in use: nouveau Kernel modules: nouveau, nvidiafb Motherboard Intel 845PE ATX 533FSB DDR333 USB2

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• How can I improve the battery life under 12.04 on my Inspiron 14z? [duplicate]

  - by cfogelberg

  This question already has an answer here: Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks 24 answers How do I improve the battery life of my Inspiron 14z under Ubuntu 12.04? This laptop gets 4-5 hours of battery life using Windows (e.g. here). I've removed Windows, installed Ubuntu 12.04 and the initial battery life was only 2 hours. With some tweaks (described below) it's still only ~2.5 hours. For reference, the laptop is the latest model of the 14z: i5-3337U processor 32GB MSATA, 500GB HDD (5400rpm) AMD Radeon HD7570M graphics card I have put ext4 partitions on both the SSD and the HDD, and have mounted / to the SSD and /home to the HDD. I also put a 24gb linux swap partition at the start of the HDD, though I figure this won't be used all that much (the laptop has 8gb of RAM). After googling around and reading Ask Ubuntu and other sites extensively, I have done the following steps, and they have improved the battery life ~30 minutes (exact improvement not clear, but battery life is still nowhere near 4-5 hours). Installed Jupiter (and set Performance to "Power Saving") Installed laptop-mode-tools cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode now outputs 5 (previously it output 0) But it's not clear that this will help: AskUbuntu question Turned down the brightness of my screen from full to 1/3 Other things I have heard about but have not tried for fear of frying the laptop or my linux install: Add "pcie_aspm=force" at the end of the line with "quiet splash" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg Enable ALPM, but it may already be enabled in 12.04? Enable i915 framebuffer compression Use a propietary driver for the graphics card? Turn off the graphics card? (what would happen if I relied on the internal Intel bridge?) Use TLP? Spin down the HDD more aggressively (howto, but I think laptop-mode-tools does this already) The only other thing I've noticed is that plastic just above the F5, F6 and F7 keys gets really hot. According to Jupiter my CPU temperature is only 69 celsius and the System Monitor shows CPU load at 7% so I don't think it's the CPU. Maybe it's the graphics card? Also, I've set up MongoDB and LAMP on the machine as well. When I run powertop MongoDB is high in the list, but I'm not sure if that's relevant to battery life because I'm not actually doing anything with MongoDB most of the time. Edit - Additional info as requested $ lspci -nnk | grep -iEA3 "(graphics|vga)" 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 -- 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Thames [Radeon 7500M/7600M Series] [1002:6841] Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: radeon Kernel modules: radeon

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• Why C++ people loves multithreading when it comes to performances?

  - by user1849534

  I have a question, it's about why programmers seems to love concurrency and multi-threaded programs in general. I'm considering 2 main approach here: an async approach basically based on signals, or just an async approach as called by many papers and languages like the new C# 5.0 for example, and a "companion thread" that maanges the policy of your pipeline a concurrent approach or multi-threading approach I will just say that I'm thinking about the hardware here and the worst case scenario, and I have tested this 2 paradigms myself, the async paradigm is a winner at the point that I don't get why people 90% of the time talk about concurrency when they wont to speed up things or make a good use of their resources. I have tested multi-threaded programs and async program on an old machine with an Intel quad-core that doesn't offer a memory controller inside the CPU, the memory is managed entirely by the motherboard, well in this case performances are horrible with a multi-threaded application, even a relatively low number of threads like 3-4-5 can be a problem, the application is unresponsive and is just slow and unpleasant. A good async approach is, on the other hand, probably not faster but it's not worst either, my application just waits for the result and doesn't hangs, it's responsive and there is a much better scaling going on. I have also discovered that a context change in the threading world it's not that cheap in real world scenario, it's infact quite expensive especially when you have more than 2 threads that need to cycle and swap among each other to be computed. On modern CPUs the situation it's not really that different, the memory controller it's integrated but my point is that an x86 CPUs is basically a serial machine and the memory controller works the same way as with the old machine with an external memory controller on the motherboard. The context switch is still a relevant cost in my application and the fact that the memory controller it's integrated or that the newer CPU have more than 2 core it's not bargain for me. For what i have experienced the concurrent approach is good in theory but not that good in practice, with the memory model imposed by the hardware, it's hard to make a good use of this paradigm, also it introduces a lot of issues ranging from the use of my data structures to the join of multiple threads. Also both paradigms do not offer any security abut when the task or the job will be done in a certain point in time, making them really similar from a functional point of view. According to the X86 memory model, why the majority of people suggest to use concurrency with C++ and not just an async aproach ? Also why not considering the worst case scenario of a computer where the context switch is probably more expensive than the computation itself ?

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• Misused mke2fs and cannot boot into system

  - by surlogics

  I installed Ubuntu with WUBI in Windows 7 64bit, and I had installed Mandriva 2011 with a disk. I tried to learn Linux with Ubuntu and misused mke2fs; after I reboot my computer, Windows 7 and Ubuntu has crashed. As I have Mandriva, I boot into Mandriva and found # df -h /dev/sda7 12G 9.8G 1.5G 88% / /dev/sda2 15G 165M 14G 2% /media/logical /dev/sda6 119G 88G 32G 74% /media/2C9E85319E84F51C /dev/sda5 118G 59G 60G 50% /media/D25A6DDE5A6DBFB9 /dev/sda9 100G 188M 100G 1% /media/ae69134a-a65e-488f-ae7f-150d1b5e36a6 /dev/sda1 100M 122K 100M 1% /media/DELLUTILITY /dev/sda3 98G 81G 17G 83% /media/OS # fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd24f801e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 206847 102400 6 FAT16 /dev/sda2 * 206848 30926847 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 30926848 235726847 102400000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 235728864 976771071 370521104 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 235728896 481488895 122880000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 727252992 976771071 124759040 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 481500243 506674034 12586896 83 Linux /dev/sda8 506674098 514851119 4088511 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda9 514851183 727246484 106197651 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I think I may used the following command mke2fs -j -L "logical"/dev/sda2 but I had forgotten what kind of partition it was before I transfered it into ext3. perhaps ntfs Data was not lost, and I can view my files as I could in Windows. In Mandriva, there are following disks: 117.2 GB hard disk, files in it is the same as my Windows D:, and Ubuntu was installed in it; 119.0 GB hard disk is my G:, with my personal files in it; 12.0 GB is the same with Mandriva / (with means root), 101.3 GB hard disk with nothing but lost+found; DELLUTILITY should be Dell computer utilities pre-installed in my computer; logical is the disk which I had spoiled, I can view nothing but lost+found; and OS is the C: in my Windows. After I boot, grub lets me choose Mandriva or Windows. I chose Windows and it tells me: FILE system type unknown, partition type 0x7 Error 13: Invalid or unsupported executable format I doubt something wrong with windows MBR or something # cat /boot/grub/menu.lst timeout 5 color black/cyan yellow/cyan gfxmenu (hd0,6)/boot/gfxmenu default 0 title linux kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot logo.nologo quiet resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd splash=silent vga=788 initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title linux-nonfb kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux-nonfb root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title failsafe kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=failsafe root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot failsafe initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title windows root (hd0,1) makeactive chainloader +1 I can boot into Linux, but not Ubuntu, it boot into Mandriva. I don't have a boot disk. Help me find a way to make it work again.

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• dual boot ubuntu installation mishap

  - by user590849

  I have Windows 7 pc ,where i had 2 partitions, a c drive for my system files and a d drive for my data. I decided to install ubuntu 11.10 a couple of days ago and thought of install it in a separate partition of its own. So i made a separate Linux partition of 30GB. I downloaded ubuntu on my usb stick and installed. During the installation process i was asked where to install ubuntu so i opened up a screen that was similar to this one There were six partitions present ( I had made only 3 partition via windows). Their names were totally different from the ones that i had given in windows. So i selected a drive which had the same size as my Linux partition that i had made in windows ( no other partition had the same size). I clicked on install now and got an error message saying that "There was no root folder set". I set the newly made partition as my root folder and clicked install now. Now out of the 6 partitions that were created 3 were logical ( i had only created 3 partitions in windows). As soon as i clicked install now, the system asked me where i wanted to put my "swap space". I selected one of the logical drives and hit install. Ubuntu successfully installed on my system and at the end it asked me to reboot. I did and got the following error message: "missing operating system". I was shocked. I tried my windows recovery disk ( that i had gotten when i had purchased my laptop) and there i went into startup repair. In the startup repair option i was not able to locate windows. The system asked me to click the "Load drivers" button to load the drivers to my harddrive where windows was installed, but i could not locate any drivers to my harddrive. I tried this several times but to no success. I panicked and installed ubuntu, now this time click "ok" at every step( not worrying about the partition and all). The os installed correctly and i am now able to access my harddrive. NO data within the c drive is lost. All the windows system files are intact. I wish to recover my windows installation. How do i go about it? Thank you in advance. I do not want to format my computer and install windows again.

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• laptop will not boot after attempting upgrade to 13.10

  - by naerwenya

  I wanted to update my OS to the new 14.04 LTS. I was running 12.04 LTS before and followed the advice that upgrades should be done in steps. I first upgraded to 12.10, which seemed to work fine, and later to 13.10. This was all done through the Software Manager. After the last upgrade, I am no longer able to boot up my computer. The GNU GRUB menu opens up, but after selecting Ubuntu, it just stalls with a blank purple screen. If I select one of the other kernels, it also stalls after "Loading initial ramdisk...". I can't get into the Recovery Menu, either. I'm still rather new to Linux and may have possibly made the situation worse. Unfortunately, nothing has worked yet. I tried reinstalling from a flash drive and on my first attempt, the wizard recognised a previous installation. Unfortunately, the wizard also didn't like how my partitions were set up (I didn't change anything) and gave an error before closing. Unfortunately, I didn't write the error down, but it was about the boot partition. On the next attempt and ever since, the installation wizard has stated that "This computer currently has no detected operating systems." This is strange, because I could see the disk and even access my files when booting up from the USB. At this point, I decided to back up my important files using dropbox. Before losing all my files, I wanted to try the Boot-Repair tool, which also produced no results, and the files are no longer visible when booting from USB. The link to the Boot-Repair log is at http://paste.ubuntu.com/7457249/. If I then proceed through to the "Something else" installation option, I can see that the partitions still exist. This is what they look like: /dev/sda free space (size indicated 1MB) /dev/sda1 efi (33MB of 98 MB used) /dev/sda2 efi (352634MB of 746330MB used) /dev/sda3 swap (3725MB, none used) free space (0MB) Is there any way I might be able to get my computer to work and preserve my files as well?

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