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  • how do addressing modes work on a physical level?

    - by altvali
    I'm trying to learn this basic thing about processors that should be taught in every CS department of every university. Yet i can't find it on the net (Google doesn't help) and i can't find it in my class materials either. Do you know any good resource on how addressing modes work on a physical level? I'm particularly interested in Intel processors.

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  • Implementing a Mutex Lock in C

    - by Adam
    I'm trying to make a really mutex in C and for some reason I'm getting cases where two threads are getting the lock at the same time, which shouldn't be possible. Any ideas why it's not working? void mutexLock(mutex_t *mutexlock, pid_t owner) { int failure; while(mutexlock->mx_state == 0 || failure || mutexlock->mx_owner != owner) { failure = 1; if (mutexlock->mx_state == 0) { asm( "test:" "movl $0x01,%%eax\n\t" // move 1 to eax "xchg %%eax,%0\n\t" // try to set the lock bit "mov %%eax,%1\n\t" // export our result to a test var "test %%eax,%%eax\n\t" "jnz test\n\t" :"=r"(mutexlock->mx_state),"=r"(failure) :"r"(mutexlock->mx_state) :"%eax" ); } if (failure == 0) { mutexlock->mx_owner = owner; //test to see if we got the lock bit } } }

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  • ASM x86 relative JMP

    - by benlaug
    Hi, I'm doing some ASM code in a C code with the asm function. My environment is DVL with gcc version 3. Hi need to make a JMP to a relative address like %eip+0x1f. How can I do this ? Thanks

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  • What does subl do here?

    - by drozzy
    So... I'm compiling into assembler, with gcc -S -O2 -m32: void h(int y){int x; x=y+1; f(y); f(2); } And it gives me the following: .file "sample.c" .text .p2align 4,,15 .globl h .type h, @function h: pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp subl $24, %esp movl 8(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, (%esp) call f movl $2, 8(%ebp) leave jmp f .size h, .-h .ident "GCC: (GNU) 4.4.3 20100127 (Red Hat 4.4.3-4)" .section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits Now I know what pushl and movel: they store the current frame pointer onto the stack and then set the value of the frame pointer register to the value of the Stack Pointer. But I have no idea what the subl $24, %esp is. Thanks!

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  • Combining prefixes in SSE

    - by Nathan Fellman
    In SSE the prefixes 066h (operand size override) 0F2H (REPNE) and 0F3h (REPE) are part of the opcode. In non-SSE 066h switches between 32-bit (or 64-bit) and 16-bit operation. 0F2h and 0F3h are used for string operations. They can be combined so that 066h and 0F2h (or 0F3h) can be used in the same instruction, because this is meaningful. What is the behavior in an SSE instruction? For instance, we have (ignoring mod/rm for now): 0f 58 -- addps 66 0f 58 -- addpd f2 0f 58 -- addsd f3 0f 58 -- addss But what is this? 66 f2 0f 58 And how about? f2 66 0f 58 Not to mention the following which has two conflicting REP prefixes: f2 f3 0f 58 What is the spec for thse?

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  • Need some help deciphering a line of assembler code, from .NET JITted code

    - by Lasse V. Karlsen
    In a C# constructor, that ends up with a call to this(...), the actual call gets translated to this: 0000003d call dword ptr ds:[199B88E8h] What is the DS register contents here? I know it's the data-segment, but is this call through a VMT-table or similar? I doubt it though, since this(...) wouldn't be a call to a virtual method, just another constructor. I ask because the value at that location seems to be bad in some way, if I hit F11, trace into (Visual Studio 2008), on that call-instruction, the program crashes with an access violation. The code is deep inside a 3rd party control library, where, though I have the source code, I don't have the assemblies compiled with enough debug information that I can trace it through C# code, only through the disassembler, and then I have to match that back to the actual code. The C# code in question is this: public AxisRangeData(AxisRange range) : this(range, range.Axis) { } Reflector shows me this IL code: .maxstack 8 L_0000: ldarg.0 L_0001: ldarg.1 L_0002: ldarg.1 L_0003: callvirt instance class DevExpress.XtraCharts.AxisBase DevExpress.XtraCharts.AxisRange::get_Axis() L_0008: call instance void DevExpress.XtraCharts.Native.AxisRangeData::.ctor(class DevExpress.XtraCharts.ChartElement, class DevExpress.XtraCharts.AxisBase) L_000d: ret It's that last call there, to the other constructor of the same class, that fails. The debugger never surfaces inside the other method, it just crashes. The disassembly for the method after JITting is this: 00000000 push ebp 00000001 mov ebp,esp 00000003 sub esp,14h 00000006 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx 00000009 mov dword ptr [ebp-8],edx 0000000c cmp dword ptr ds:[18890E24h],0 00000013 je 0000001A 00000015 call 61843511 0000001a mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-4] 0000001d mov dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],eax 00000020 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8] 00000023 mov dword ptr [ebp-10h],eax 00000026 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8] 00000029 cmp dword ptr [ecx],ecx 0000002b call dword ptr ds:[1889D0DCh] // range.Axis 00000031 mov dword ptr [ebp-14h],eax 00000034 push dword ptr [ebp-14h] 00000037 mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-10h] 0000003a mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch] 0000003d call dword ptr ds:[199B88E8h] // this(range, range.Axis)? 00000043 nop 00000044 mov esp,ebp 00000046 pop ebp 00000047 ret Basically what I'm asking is this: What the purpose of the ds:[ADDR] indirection here? VMT-table is only for virtual isn't it? and this is constructor Could the constructor have yet to be JITted, which could mean that the call would actually call through a JIT shim? I'm afraid I'm in deep water here, so anything might and could help. Edit: Well, the problem just got worse, or better, or whatever. We are developing the .NET feature in a C# project in a Visual Studio 2008 solution, and debugging and developing through Visual Studio. However, in the end, this code will be loaded into a .NET runtime hosted by a Win32 Delphi application. In order to facilitate easy experimentation of such features, we can also configure the Visual Studio project/solution/debugger to copy the produced dll's to the Delphi app's directory, and then execute the Delphi app, through the Visual Studio debugger. Turns out, the problem goes away if I run the program outside of the debugger, but during debugging, it crops up, every time. Not sure that helps, but since the code isn't slated for production release for another 6 months or so, then it takes some of the pressure off of it for the test release that we have soon. I'll dive into the memory parts later, but probably not until over the weekend, and post a followup.

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  • Modify EXE to stop launching firefox

    - by Random Joe
    I'm using a wireless modem program from my ISP. This program automatically disconnect when it detects the line is idle. It does so in 2-5 minutes of idle time. Whenever I reconnect, It will automatically fire up my default browser to the ISP portal. I DID NOT pay them to shove their web portal in my face 50 times a day. The ISP provides no options for disabling this behavior. Can someone please show me how to hex edit the EXE program to stop it from annoying the hell out of me?

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  • Using ret with FASM on Win32

    - by Jon Purdy
    I'm using SDL with FASM, and have code that's minimally like the following: format ELF extrn _SDL_Init extrn _SDL_SetVideoMode extrn _SDL_Quit extrn _exit SDL_INIT_VIDEO equ 0x00000020 section '.text' public _SDL_main _SDL_main: ccall _SDL_Init, SDL_INIT_VIDEO ccall _SDL_SetVideoMode, 640, 480, 32, 0 ccall _SDL_Quit ccall _exit, 0 ; Success, or ret ; failure. With the following quick-and-dirty makefile: SOURCES = main.asm OBJECTS = main.o TARGET = SDLASM.exe FASM = C:\fasm\fasm.exe release : $(OBJECTS) ld $(OBJECTS) -LC:/SDL/lib/ -lSDLmain -lSDL -LC:/MinGW/lib/ -lmingw32 -lcrtdll -o $(TARGET) --subsystem windows cleanrelease : del $(OBJECTS) %.o : %.asm $(FASM) $< $@ Using exit() (or Windows' ExitProcess()) seems to be the only way to get this program to exit cleanly, even though I feel like I should be able to use retn/retf. When I just ret without calling exit(), the application does not terminate and needs to be killed. Could anyone shed some light on this? It only happens when I make the call to SDL_SetVideoMode().

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  • ASP.NET reading files from BIN

    - by nettguy
    I am processing some CSV file which i have copied in Bin folder of My ASP.NET Website. When i execute using (IDataReader csv = new CsvReader (new StreamReader("sample.txt"), true, '|')) { ..... } it complains me that "sample.txt" not found in "c:\Program Files\.....\" Won't the runtime automatically look into the bin folder? what modification do i need to do?

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  • 80x86 16-bit asm: lea cx, [cx*8+cx] causes error on NASM (compiling .com file)

    - by larz
    Title says it all. The error NASM gives (dispite my working OS) is "invalid effective address". Now i've seen many examples of how to use LEA and i think i gots it right but yet my NASM dislikes it. I tried "lea cx, [cx+9]" and it worked; "lea cx, [bx+cx]" didn't. Now if i extended my registers to 32-bits (i.e. "lea ecx, [ecx*8+ecx]") everything would be well but i am restricted to use 16- and 8-bit registers only. Is here anyone so knoweledgeable who could explain me WHY my assembler doesn't let me use lea the way i supposed it should be used? Thanks.

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  • More about the Standard Entry Sequence

    - by Mask
    quoted from here: _function: push ebp ;store the old base pointer mov ebp, esp ;make the base pointer point to the current ;stack location – at the top of the stack is the ;old ebp, followed by the return address and then ;the parameters. sub esp, x ;x is the size, in bytes, of all ;"automatic variables" in the function What's stored in esp in the above code snippet?

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  • Why is a 16-bit register used with BSR instruction in this code snippet?

    - by sharptooth
    In this hardcore article there's a function find_maskwidth() that basically detects the number of bits required to represent itemCount dictinct values: unsigned int find_maskwidth( unsigned int itemCount ) { unsigned int maskWidth, count = itemCount; __asm { mov eax, count mov ecx, 0 mov maskWidth, ecx dec eax bsr cx, ax jz next inc cx mov maskWidth, ecx next: } return maskWidth; } the question is why do they use ax and cx registers instead of eax and ecx?

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  • NDepend: How to not display 'tier' assemblies in dependency graph?

    - by Edward Buatois
    I was able to do this in an earlier version of nDepend by going to tools-options and setting which assemblies would be part of the analysis (and ignore the rest). The latest version of the trial version of nDepend lets me set it, but it seems to ignore the setting and always analyze all assemblies whether I want it to or not. I tried to delete the "tier" assemblies by moving them over to the "application assemblies" list, but when I delete them out of there, they just get added back to the "tier" list, which I can't ignore. I don't want my dependency graph to contain assemblies like "system," "system.xml," and "system.serialization!" I want only MY assemblies in the dependency graph! Or is that a paid-version feature now? Is there a way to do what I'm talking about?

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  • Ret Failure with SDL using FASM on Win32

    - by Jon Purdy
    I'm using SDL with FASM, and have code that's minimally like the following: format ELF extrn _SDL_Init extrn _SDL_SetVideoMode extrn _SDL_Quit extrn _exit SDL_INIT_VIDEO equ 0x00000020 section '.text' public _SDL_main _SDL_main: ccall _SDL_Init, SDL_INIT_VIDEO ccall _SDL_SetVideoMode, 640, 480, 32, 0 ccall _SDL_Quit ccall _exit, 0 ; Success, or ret ; failure. With the following quick-and-dirty makefile: SOURCES = main.asm OBJECTS = main.o TARGET = SDLASM.exe FASM = C:\fasm\fasm.exe release : $(OBJECTS) ld $(OBJECTS) -LC:/SDL/lib/ -lSDLmain -lSDL -LC:/MinGW/lib/ -lmingw32 -lcrtdll -o $(TARGET) --subsystem windows cleanrelease : del $(OBJECTS) %.o : %.asm $(FASM) $< $@ Using exit() (or Windows' ExitProcess()) seems to be the only way to get this program to exit cleanly, even though I feel like I should be able to use retn/retf. When I just ret without calling exit(), the application does not terminate and needs to be killed. Could anyone shed some light on this? It only happens when I make the call to SDL_SetVideoMode().

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  • See if any application has a DLL from the GAC loaded

    - by rwmnau
    I'm trying to deploy new copies of my DLL to the GAC on remote servers, but I need to identify if any processes currently running have a loaded copy of the DLL I'm replacing - I'd like to restart them, or at least tell the user. For example, Biztalk seems to load the DLLs it needs the first time they're used, and then replacing them keeps the old copy in memory until the Host Instances are restarted - something I could easily do as part of my deployment. Is there a way to tell using .NET which processes have loaded a particular DLL from the GAC? UPDATE: Some further investigation shows that both Process Explorer has this functionality, and another Sysinternals tool, ListDLL, does exactly what I want to be able to do. I'd like to know how they do it, since I'd love to replicate this functionality in my application without having to include and screen-scrape ListDLL (if that's even allowed inside the license).

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  • In which scenario it is useful to use Disassembly on python?

    - by systempuntoout
    The dis module can be effectively used to disassemble Python methods, functions and classes into low-level interpreter instructions. I know that dis information can be used for: 1. Find race condition in programs that use threads 2. Find possible optimizations From your experience, do you know any other scenarios where Disassembly Python feature could be useful?

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  • How Do You Make An Assembler?

    - by mudge
    I'd like to make a simple x86 assembler. I'm wondering if there's any tutorials for making your own assembler. Or if there's a simple assembler that I could study. Also, I wonder what tools are used in looking at and handling the binary/hex of programs.

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  • (x86) Assembler Optimization

    - by Pindatjuh
    I'm building a compiler/assembler/linker in Java for the x86-32 (IA32) processor targeting Windows. High-level concepts of a "language" (in essential a Java API for creating executables) are translated into opcodes, which then are wrapped and outputted to a file. The translation process has several phases, one is the translation between languages: the highest-level code is translated into the medium-level code which is then translated into the lowest-level code (probably more than 3 levels). My problem is the following; if I have higher-level code (X and Y) translated to lower-level code (x, y, U and V), then an example of such a translation is, in pseudo-code: x + U(f) // generated by X + V(f) + y // generated by Y (An easy example) where V is the opposite of U (compare with a stack push as U and a pop as V). This needs to be 'optimized' into: x + y (essentially removing the "useless" code) My idea was to use regular expressions. For the above case, it'll be a regular expression looking like this: x:(U(x)+V(x)):null, meaning for all x find U(x) followed by V(x) and replace by null. Imagine more complex regular expressions, for more complex optimizations. This should work on all levels. What do you suggest? What would be a good approach to optimize in these situations?

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  • x86_64 assembler: only one call per subroutine?

    - by zneak
    Hello everyone, I decided yesterday to start doing assembler. Most of it is okay (well, as okay as assembler can be), but I'm getting some problems with gas. It seems that I can call functions only once. After that, any subsequent call opcode with the same function name will fail. I must be doing something terribly wrong, though I can't see what. Take this small C function for instance: void path_free(path_t path) { if (path == NULL) return; free(((point_list_t*)path)->points); free(path); } I "translated" it to assembler like that: .globl _path_free _path_free: push rbp mov rbp, rsp cmp rdi, 0 jz byebye push rdi mov rdi, qword ptr [rdi] call _free pop rdi sub rsp, 8 call _free byebye: leave ret This triggers the following error for the second call _free: suffix or operands invalid for ``call''. And if I change it to something else, like free2, everything works (until link time, that is). Assembler code gcc -S gave me looks very similar to what I've done (except it's in AT&T syntax), so I'm kind of lost. I'm doing this on Mac OS X under the x86_64 architecture.

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