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  • Alternative to Game State System?

    - by Ricket
    As far as I can tell, most games have some sort of "game state system" which switches between the different game states; these might be things like "Intro", "MainMenu", "CharacterSelect", "Loading", and "Game". On the one hand, it totally makes sense to separate these into a state system. After all, they are disparate and would otherwise need to be in a large switch statement, which is obviously messy; and they certainly are well represented by a state system. But at the same time, I look at the "Game" state and wonder if there's something wrong about this state system approach. Because it's like the elephant in the room; it's HUGE and obvious but nobody questions the game state system approach. It seems silly to me that "Game" is put on the same level as "Main Menu". Yet there isn't a way to break up the "Game" state. Is a game state system the best way to go? Is there some different, better technique to managing, well, the "game state"? Is it okay to have an intro state which draws a movie and listens for enter, and then a loading state which loops on the resource manager, and then the game state which does practically everything? Doesn't this seem sort of unbalanced to you, too? Am I missing something?

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  • Harvard vs. Von Neumann architecture

    - by user32569
    Hi. Our teacher told us, that Harvard architecture is the most evolved and produced architecture today and towards future. but I thing becouse os massive averhead of x86 and Von Neumann nased ARM systems that actually Von Neumann is the most used architecture today. Yes, MCUs with Harvard are even more produced, but since they all have just minor purpose (compared to x86 and ARM based) that Von Neumann is actually the one. Or is it really Harvard? And second, I know this is strange question, but does any architecture combining both exists? to have separate memory for data and programs, therefore faster instruction processing, but still able to work with these as Von Neumann? To be able o load amd unload programs to program memory on the fly? Isnt this the way the x86 should have go? Or would there be some bottleneck that pure Von neumann solves? Thanks.

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  • Integrating Nagios with a ticketing system/incident mnagement system

    - by sektor
    Is there a free ticketing system/incident management system which will help me in achieving the following? 1) If a service goes down then Nagios alerts the on-duty staff and pushes the status to some backend or DB as a ticket, say the initial status is "New". 2) The on-duty staff logs in through a frontend and acknowledges the new ticket by marking it as "In progress", so now the status of the ticket changes from "New" to "In progress". 3) If even after "n" number of minutes no person from on-duty staff has changed the ticket status to "In progress" then Nagios alerts the next level of contacts. Although if the on-duty staff has acknowledged the ticket then there is no need to alert the next level. 4) When the service comes up Nagios closes the ticket by marking it "Closed" Now I already have Nagios monitoring set up and currently it alerts by sending text messages and mails, what I'm looking for is some framework which only escalates the issue(alerts the second level) if the first level(on-duty staff) fails to respond to the initial alert. By "responding to the alert" I mean, the on-duty staff can login via some frontend and basically change the status to something like "Acknowledged" or "In progress".

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  • [Silverlight] Suggestion – Move INotifyCollectionChanged from System.Windows.dll to System.dll

    - by Benjamin Roux
    I just submitted a suggestion on Microsoft Connect to move the INotifyCollectionChanged from System.Windows.dll to System.dll. You can review it here: https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/560184/move-inotifycollectionchanged-from-system-windows-dll-to-system-dll Here’s the reason why I suggest that. Actually I wanted to take advantages of the new feature of Silverlight/Visual Studio 2010 for sharing assemblies (see http://blogs.msdn.com/clrteam/archive/2009/12/01/sharing-silverlight-assemblies-with-net-apps.aspx). Everything went fine until I try to share a custom collection (with custom business logic) implementing INotifyCollectionChanged. This modification has been made in the .NET Framework 4 (see https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/488607/move-inotifycollectionchanged-to-system-dll) so maybe it could be done in Silverlight too. If you think this is justifiable you can vote for it.

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  • Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition

    - by PearlFactory
    Have got a new kickn server as new DEV machine It has got two 3ware 9650 Cached Controllers with 8 x 300gig Velociraptor Drives First Problem was the 9.5.1.1 drivers Had to press F8 as soon as the Win 2008 r2 server cd started to load. Once in Adavanced Startup options Disable Driver Signing options Next Issue was I got everything running and accidently selected wrong raid part to do install once I restarted All I would get after waiting the 10 mins for the reboot to start & loading the driver was "setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition"  Finally after about 1 hour I removed all drives apart from the 2 needed for system part on cont 0 deleted system part and recreated this RAID1 mirror. (ALso make sure all USB drives are out on boot..only add them when browsing  the driver to be added )  Restarted loaded driver selected install and Once system is up I will go back and add drives and new parts on both controllers AT least I did not get stuck for a day as is the norm..lol

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  • Which platform to choose, Java or .NET?

    - by salman
    I am working in a private bank, a leading mid size bank in local market. We are going to create our core banking solution. Existing solution has been developed on Java using IBM Visual Age 4.0. It is very important to discuss architecture first, we have currently more than 350 branches working in standalone mode, and it means they are working in self contained environment. They have their own database server (IBM DB2 9.7) and they are communicating with other branches via sockets to send and receive data. Having experience of .NET for more than 5 years I am trying to convince my superiors to choose .NET platform, but they are reluctant and unwilling. It is my job to encourage them for choosing best available platform to create large scale enterprise application. In simple word, we are going to create a very large scale enterprise financial application, a centralize and integrated which connects all branch networks plus having scalable, solid architecture that easily evolve over time. I want professional people to comment on above scenarios. Which platform to choose .NET or Java? Our all resource is currently working in Java, we have homogeneous environment (no Linux, no Mac and no UNIX). Any idea, any thoughts, any points technical or non-technical i.e. administrative or management point of view will be really appreciated.

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  • Disaster Recovery Example

    Previously, I use to work for a small internet company that sells dental plans online. Our primary focus concerning disaster prevention and recovery is on our corporate website and private intranet site. We had a multiphase disaster recovery plan that includes data redundancy, load balancing, and off-site monitoring. Data redundancy is a key aspect of our disaster recovery plan. The first phase of this is to replicate our data to multiple database servers and schedule daily backups of the databases that are stored off site. The next phase is the file replication of data amongst our web servers that are also backed up daily by our collocation. In addition to the files located on the server, files are also stored locally on development machines, and again backed up using version control software. Load balancing is another key aspect of our disaster recovery plan. Load balancing offers many benefits for our system, better performance, load distribution and increased availability. With our servers behind a load balancer our system has the ability to accept multiple requests simultaneously because the load is split between multiple servers. Plus if one server is slow or experiencing a failure the traffic is diverted amongst the other servers connected to the load balancer allowing the server to get back online. The final key to our disaster recovery plan is off-site monitoring that notifies all IT staff of any outages or errors on the main website encountered by the monitor. Messages are sent by email, voicemail, and SMS. According to Disasterrecovery.org, disaster recovery planning is the way companies successfully manage crises with minimal cost and effort and maximum speed compared to others that are forced to make decision out of desperation when disasters occur. In addition Sun Guard stated in 2009 that the first step in disaster recovery planning is to analyze company risks and factor in fixed costs for things like hardware, software, staffing and utilities, as well as indirect costs, such as floor space, power protection, physical and information security, and management. Also availability requirements need to be determined per application and system as well as the strategies for recovery.

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  • Enterprise vs Real time embedded systems

    - by JakeFisher
    In university I have 2 options for software architecture: Enterprise Real time embedded systems I would be very glad if someone can give me a brief explanation of what those are. I am interested in following criterias: Brief overview Complexity and interest. So does knowledge costs time? Area of usage Profit(salary) Working tools, programs. Might be some text editor, uml editor. Something else?

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  • Book Recommendations for Technical/Solutions Architecture [closed]

    - by giant_squid
    I wish to learn more about Technical and Solutions Architecture. Specifically, I'm concerned with designing HA, Fault-Tolerant Scalable web-based solutions (enough buzzwords ;-). Its a topic I'm familiar with on a technical level having worked as a sysadmin, but I don't know all the buzzwords Architects use and have to brush up on my UML and diagram techniques. I would like a book that describes what architecture is as a discipline and explores standard design patterns, and some do's and don'ts. Do you have any recommendations? I apologise if this sounds vague, its because I am still learning what Architecture is as a discipline having come from a sysadmin background. To be 100% clear I'm looking for books or websites that give broad overviews of what System Design patterns exist and how the discipline works. Thanks Instead of closing the question maybe you could comment on what exactly about it you don't like.

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  • What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System?

    In order to understand what an Enterprise Resource Planning System is let us look at a classic American kids snack, the Rice Krispy Treat if we conceptually view the treat as a company’s internal applications as a whole.  Furthermore we can view a company’s departmentalized software applications as the theoretical Rice Krispies in the treat. In addition, the Rice Krispies consist of a combination of ingredients that be broken down into data, user interfaces and business logic. Next, we have the margarine or butter that is used to help the marshmallows bind with the Rice Krispies; this role in our conceptual view is taken by a data source typically as a relational database management system. Finally we have the melted marshmallows which act as the ERP software that connects all of the individual departmental software applications in to one unified system that allows all user one unified system to interact with all of the individual dispersed systems. An example of this would be if a customer places an order with a telephone operator and once the orders is processed an employee in the shipping department can see the order ready for fulfillment on his order screen. The ERP acts a go between for various independent departmental systems so that they can integrate with one another.

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  • Is the PowerPC (G4) architecture better than Intel x86 architecture for certain types of application

    - by ralphc
    I have a PowerMac G4 from around the year 2000. It's a serviceable Unix machine but I don't do much with it since I have plenty of Pentium 4 machines around with Linux on them. I was wondering if the PowerPC based machine is capable of handling certain tasks faster or "better" than Intel based machines, or is it just another computer to use. I have OSX 10.4 Tiger for it, and I don't mind installing Yellow Dog Linux or UbuntuPPC if that will make it more useable.

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  • Object-Oriented Operating System

    - by nmagerko
    As I thought about writing an operating system, I came across a point that I really couldn't figure out on my own: Can an operating system truly be written in an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Language? Being that these types of languages do not allow for direct accessing of memory, wouldn't this make it impossible for a developer to write an entire operating system using only an OOP Language? Take, for example, the Android Operating System that runs many phones and some tablets in use around the world. I believe that this operating system uses only Java, an Object-Oriented language. In Java, I have been unsuccessful in trying to point at and manipulate a specific memory address that the run-time environment (JRE) has not assigned to my program implicitly. In C, C++, and other non-OOP languages, I can do this in a few lines. So this makes me question whether or not an operating system can be written in an OOP, especially Java. Any counterexamples or other information is appreciated.

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  • Building a distributed system on Amazon Web Services

    - by Songo
    Would simply using AWS to build an application make this application a distributed system? For example if someone uses RDS for the database server, EC2 for the application itself and S3 for hosting user uploaded media, does that make it a distributed system? If not, then what should it be called and what is this application lacking for it to be distributed? Update Here is my take on the application to clarify my approach to building the system: The application I'm building is a social game for Facebook. I developed the application locally on a LAMP stack using Symfony2. For production I used an a single EC2 Micro instance for hosting the app itself, RDS for hosting my database, S3 for the user uploaded files and CloudFront for hosting static content. I know this may sound like a naive approach, so don't be shy to express your ideas.

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  • What should a system architect know? [closed]

    - by marko
    What does the title System Architect really mean? What do you need to know to be a system architect. Do you need to know design patterns or something like that? At work we have a couple so called "System Architects". They do the same stuff as we developers, but the distinction are that they are older and thus has more experience and knowledge of the business domain we work in. But I'm not really seeing the architecting side of work really...

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  • System.Threading.ThreadAbortException executing WCF service

    - by SURESH GIRIRAJAN
    In one of our prod server we recently ran into issue when we went and update the web.config and try to browse the service. We started seeing the service was not responding and getting the following warning in the application log. Our service is WCF service, BizTalk orchestration exposed as service. We have other prod server where we never ran into this issue, so what’s different with this server. After going thru lot of forum and came up on some Microsoft service pack and hot fix which related to FCN. But I don’t want to apply any patch on this server then we need to do on all the other servers too. So solution is simple, I dropped the existing website, created a new site with different name with updated web.config browse the service. Then dropped that site and recreate the original web site and it worked fine without any issue. Event Viewer:  Event Type:        Warning Event Source:    ASP.NET 2.0.50727.0 Event Category:                Web Event Event ID:              1309 Date:                     6/6/2011 Time:                    5:41:42 PM User:                     N/A Computer:          PRODP02 Description: Event code: 3005 Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. Event time: 6/6/2011 5:41:42 PM Event time (UTC): 6/6/2011 9:41:42 PM Event ID: a71769f42b304355a58c482bfec267f2 Event sequence: 3 Event occurrence: 1 Event detail code: 0  Application information:     Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/518296899/ROOT/PortArrivals-2-129518698821558995     Trust level: Full     Application Virtual Path: /TESTSVC     Application Path: D:\inetpub\wwwroot\RFID\TESTSVC\     Machine name: PRODP02  Process information:     Process ID: 8752     Process name: w3wp.exe     Account name: domain\BizTalk_Svc_Hostlso  Exception information:     Exception type: ThreadAbortException     Exception message: Thread was being aborted.  Request information:     Request URL: http://localhost:81/TESTSVC/TESTSVCS.svc     Request path: /TESTSVC/TESTSVCS.svc     User host address: 127.0.0.1     User:      Is authenticated: False     Authentication Type:      Thread account name: domain\BizTalk_Svc_Hostlso  Thread information:     Thread ID: 22     Thread account name: domain\BizTalk_Svc_Hostlso     Is impersonating: False     Stack trace:    at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)    at System.Web.HttpApplication.ApplicationStepManager.ResumeSteps(Exception error)  at System.Web.HttpApplication.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, Object extraData)    at System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr)  <Description>Handling an exception.</Description> <AppDomain>/LM/W3SVC/518296899/ROOT/TESTSVC-6-129518741899334691</AppDomain> <Exception> <ExceptionType>System.Threading.ThreadAbortException, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</ExceptionType> <Message>Thread was being aborted.</Message> <StackTrace> at System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(Object obj) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.HostingManager.EnsureServiceAvailable(String normalizedVirtualPath) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.EnsureServiceAvailableFast(String relativeVirtualPath) at System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.HandleRequest() at System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.BeginRequest() at System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.OnBeginRequest(Object state) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.Invoke2() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.Invoke() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.ProcessCallbacks() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.CompletionCallback(Object state) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.ScheduledOverlapped.IOCallback(UInt32 errorCode, UInt32 numBytes, NativeOverlapped* nativeOverlapped) at System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.IOCompletionThunk.UnhandledExceptionFrame(UInt32 error, UInt32 bytesRead, NativeOverlapped* nativeOverlapped) </StackTrace> <ExceptionString>System.Threading.ThreadAbortException: Thread was being aborted.    at System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(Object obj)    at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.HostingManager.EnsureServiceAvailable(String normalizedVirtualPath)    at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.EnsureServiceAvailableFast(String relativeVirtualPath)    at System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.HandleRequest()    at System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.BeginRequest()    at System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.OnBeginRequest(Object state)    at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.Invoke2()    at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.WorkItem.Invoke()    at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.ProcessCallbacks()    at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.CompletionCallback(Object state)    at System.ServiceModel.Channels.IOThreadScheduler.CriticalHelper.ScheduledOverlapped.IOCallback(UInt32 errorCode, UInt32 numBytes, NativeOverlapped* nativeOverlapped)    at System.ServiceModel.Diagnostics.Utility.IOCompletionThunk.UnhandledExceptionFrame(UInt32 error, UInt32 bytesRead, NativeOverlapped* nativeOverlapped)</ExceptionString>

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  • How to design a scalable notification system?

    - by Trent
    I need to write a notification system manager. Here is my requirements: I need to be able to send a Notification on different platforms, which may be totally different (for exemple, I need to be able to send either an SMS or an E-mail). Sometimes the notification may be the same for all recipients for a given platform, but sometimes it may be a notification per recipients (or several) per platform. Each notification can contain platform specific payload (for exemple an MMS can contains a sound or an image). The system need to be scalable, I need to be able to send a very large amount of notification without crashing either the application or the server. It is a two step process, first a customer may type a message and choose a platform to send to, and the notification(s) should be created to be processed either real-time either later. Then the system needs to send the notification to the platform provider. For now, I end up with some though but I don't know how scalable it will be or if it is a good design. I've though of the following objects (in a pseudo language): a generic Notification object: class Notification { String $message; Payload $payload; Collection<Recipient> $recipients; } The problem with the following objects is what if I've 1.000.000 recipients ? Even if the Recipient object is very small, it'll take too much memory. I could also create one Notification per recipient, but some platform providers requires me to send it in batch, meaning I need to define one Notification with several Recipients. Each created notification could be stored in a persistent storage like a DB or Redis. Would it be a good it to aggregate this later to make sure it is scalable? On the second step, I need to process this notification. But how could I distinguish the notification to the right platform provider? Should I use an object like MMSNotification extending an abstract Notification? or something like Notification.setType('MMS')? To allow to process a lot of notification at the same time, I think a messaging queue system like RabbitMQ may be the right tool. Is it? It would allow me to queue a lot of notification and have several worker to pop notification and process them. But what if I need to batch the recipients as seen above? Then I imagine a NotificationProcessor object for which I could I add NotificationHandler each NotificationHandler would be in charge to connect the platform provider and perform notification. I can also use an EventManager to allow pluggable behavior. Any feedbacks or ideas? Thanks for giving your time. Note: I'm used to work in PHP and it is likely the language of my choice.

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  • Complex event system for DungeonKeeper like game

    - by paul424
    I am working on opensource GPL3 game. http://opendungeons.sourceforge.net/ , new coders would be welcome. Now there's design question regarding Event System: We want to improve the game logic, that is program a new event system. I will just repost what's settled up already on http://forum.freegamedev.net/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=3033. From the discussion came the idea of the Publisher / Subscriber pattern + "domains": My current idea is to use the subscirbers / publishers model. Its similar to Observable pattern, but instead one subscribes to Events types, not Object's Events. For each Event would like to have both static and dynamic type. Static that is its's type would be resolved by belonging to the proper inherited class from Event. That is from Event we would have EventTile, EventCreature, EvenMapLoader, EventGameMap etc. From that there are of course subtypes like EventCreature would be EventKobold, EventKnight, EventTentacle etc. The listeners would collect the event from publishers, and send them subcribers , each of them would be a global singleton. The Listeners type hierachy would exactly mirror the type hierarchy of Events. In each constructor of Event type, the created instance would notify the proper listeners. That is when calling EventKnight the proper ctor would notify the Listeners : EventListener, CreatureLisener and KnightListener. The default action for an listner would be to notify all subscribers, but there would be some exceptions , like EventAttack would notify AttackListener which would dispatch event by the dynamic part ( that is the Creature pointer or hash). Any comments ? #include <vector> class Subscriber; class SubscriberAttack; class Event{ private: int foo; int bar; protected: // static std::vector<Publisher*> publishersList; static std::vector<Subscriber*> subscribersList; static std::vector<Event*> eventQueue; public: Event(){ eventQueue.push_back(this); } static int subscribe(Subscriber* ss); static int unsubscribe(Subscriber* ss); //static int reg_publisher(Publisher* pp); //static int unreg_publisher(Publisher* pp); }; // class Publisher{ // }; class Subscriber{ public: int (*newEvent) (Event* ee); Subscriber( ){ Event::subscribe(this); } Subscriber( int (*fp) (Event* ee) ):newEvent(fp){ Subscriber(); } ~Subscriber(){ Event::unsubscribe(this); } }; class EventAttack: Event{ private: int foo; int bar; protected: // static std::vector<Publisher*> publishersList; static std::vector<SubscriberAttack*> subscribersList; static std::vector<EventAttack*> eventQueue; public: EventAttack(){ eventQueue.push_back(this); } static int subscribe(SubscriberAttack* ss); static int unsubscribe(SubscriberAttack* ss); //static int reg_publisher(Publisher* pp); //static int unreg_publisher(Publisher* pp); }; class AttackSubscriber :Subscriber{ public: int (*newEvent) (EventAttack* ee); AttackSubscriber( ){ EventAttack::subscribe(this); } AttackSubscriber( int (*fp) (EventAttack* ee) ):newEventAttack(fp){ AttackSubscriber(); } ~AttackSubscriber(){ EventAttack::unsubscribe(this); } }; From that point, others wanted the Subject-Observer pattern, that is one would subscribe to all event types produced by particular object. That way it came out to add the domain system : Huh, to meet the ability to listen to particular game's object events, I though of introducing entity domains . Domains are trees, which nodes are labeled by unique names for each level. ( like the www addresses ). Each Entity wanting to participate in our event system ( that is be able to publish / produce events ) should at least now its domain name. That would end up in Player1/Room/Treasury/#24 or Player1/Creature/Kobold/#3 producing events. The subscriber picks some part of a tree. For example by specifiing subtree with the root in one of the nodes like Player1/Room/* ,would subscribe us to all Players1's room's event, and Player1/Creature/Kobold/#3 would subscribe to Players' third kobold's event. Does such event system make sense to you ? I have many implementation details to ask as well, but first let's start some general discussion. Note1: Notice that in the case of a fight between two creatues fight , the creature being attacked would have to throw an event, becuase it is HE/SHE/IT who have its domain address. So that would be BeingAttackedEvent() etc. I will edit that post if some other reflections on this would come out. Note2: the existing class hierarchy might be used to get the domains addresses being build in constructor . In a ctor you would just add + ."className" to domain address. If you are in a class'es hierarchy leaf constructor one might use nextID , hash or any other charactteristic, just to make the addresses distinguishable . Note3:subscribing to all entity's Events would require knowledge of all possible events produced by this entity . This could be done in one function call, but information on E produced would have to be handled for every Entity. SmartNote4 : Finding proper subscribers in a tree would be easy. One would start in particular Leaf for example Player1/Creature/Kobold/#3 and go up one parent a time , notifiying each Subscriber in a Node ie. : Player1/Creature/Kobold/* , Player1/Creature/* , Player1/* etc, , up to a root that is /* .<<<< Note5: The Event system was needed to have some way of incorporating Angelscript code into application. So the Event dispatcher was to be a gate to A-script functions. But it came out to this one.

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  • Why do we need different CPU architecture for server & mini/mainframe & mixed-core?

    - by claws
    Hello, I was just wondering what other CPU architectures are available other than INTEL & AMD. So, found List of CPU architectures on Wikipedia. It categorizes notable CPU architectures into following categories. Embedded CPU architectures Microcomputer CPU architectures Workstation/Server CPU architectures Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Mixed core CPU architectures I was analyzing the purposes and have few doubts. I taking Microcomputer CPU (PC) architecture as reference and comparing others. Embedded CPU architecture: They are a completely new world. Embedded systems are small & do very specific task mostly real time & low power consuming so we do not need so many & such wide registers available in a microcomputer CPU (typical PC). In other words we do need a new small & tiny architecture. Hence new architecture & new instruction RISC. The above point also clarifies why do we need a separate operating system (RTOS). Workstation/Server CPU architectures I don't know what is a workstation. Someone clarify regarding the workstation. As of the server. It is dedicated to run a specific software (server software like httpd, mysql etc.). Even if other processes run we need to give server process priority therefore there is a need for new scheduling scheme and thus we need operating system different than general purpose one. If you have any more points for the need of server OS please mention. But I don't get why do we need a new CPU Architecture. Why cant Microcomputer CPU architecture do the job. Can someone please clarify? Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Again I don't know what are these & what miniframes or mainframes used for? I just know they are very big and occupy complete floor. But I never read about some real world problems they are trying to solve. If any one working on one of these. Share your knowledge. Can some one clarify its purpose & why is it that microcomputer CPU archicture not suitable for it? Is there a new kind of operating system for this too? Why? Mixed core CPU architectures Never heard of these. If possible please keep your answer in this format: XYZ CPU architectures Purpose of XYZ Need for a new architecture. why can't current microcomputer CPU architecture work? They go upto 3GHZ & have upto 8 cores. Need for a new Operating System Why do we need a new kind of operating system for this kind of archictures?

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  • What's the diffrence btw System property and system environment variable

    - by khue
    Hi all I am not clear about this. When I run a java App or run an Applet in applet viewer,( in the IDE environment), System.getProperty("java.class.path") give me the same as System.getenv("CLASSPATH"), which is the CLASSPATH env variable defined. But when I deploy my applet to webserver and access it from the same computer as a client, I get different result for the two (System.getProperty("java.class.path") only point to jre home and System.getenv("CLASSPATH") return null). And here is some other things that make me wonder: For the applet part, the env var JAVA_HOME, i get the same result when deploying the applet in a browser as well as Applet Viewer. And if I define myself a env variable at system level, and use getenv("envName") the result is null. Is there anyway I can define one and get it in my java program? Thanks a lot Regards K.

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  • How To Create a Flexible Plug-In Architecture?

    - by justkt
    A repeating theme in my development work has been the use of or creation of an in-house plug-in architecture. I've seen it approached many ways - configuration files (XML, .conf, and so on), inheritance frameworks, database information, libraries, and others. In my experience: A database isn't a great place to store your configuration information, especially co-mingled with data Attempting this with an inheritance hierarchy requires knowledge about the plug-ins to be coded in, meaning the plug-in architecture isn't all that dynamic Configuration files work well for providing simple information, but can't handle more complex behaviors Libraries seem to work well, but the one-way dependencies have to be carefully created. As I seek to learn from the various architectures I've worked with, I'm also looking to the community for suggestions. How have you implemented a solid plug-in architecture? What was your worst failure (or the worst failure you've seen)? What would you do if you were going to implement a new plug-in architecture? What SDK or open source project that you've worked with has the best example of a good architecture? A few examples I've been finding on my own: Perl's Module::Plugable An SO question with a list for Java (including Sever Provider Interfaces) An SO question for C++ pointing to a Dr. Dobbs article These examples seem to play to various language strengths. Is a good plugin architecture necessarily tied to the language? Is it best to use tools to create a plugin architecture, or to do it on one's own following models?

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  • BizTalk: History of one project architecture

    - by Leonid Ganeline
    "In the beginning God made heaven and earth. Then he started to integrate." At the very start was the requirement: integrate two working systems. Small digging up: It was one system. It was good but IT guys want to change it to the new one, much better, chipper, more flexible, and more progressive in technologies, more suitable for the future, for the faster world and hungry competitors. One thing. One small, little thing. We cannot turn off the old system (call it A, because it was the first), turn on the new one (call it B, because it is second but not the last one). The A has a hundreds users all across a country, they must study B. A still has a lot nice custom features, home-made features that cannot disappear. These features have to be moved to the B and it is a long process, months and months of redevelopment. So, the decision was simple. Let’s move not jump, let’s both systems working side-by-side several months. In this time we could teach the users and move all custom A’s special functionality to B. That automatically means both systems should work side-by-side all these months and use the same data. Data in A and B must be in sync. That’s how the integration projects get birth. Moreover, the specific of the user tasks requires the both systems must be in sync in real-time. Nightly synchronization is not working, absolutely.   First draft The first draft seems simple. Both systems keep data in SQL databases. When data changes, the Create, Update, Delete operations performed on the data, and the sync process could be started. The obvious decision is to use triggers on tables. When we are talking about data, we are talking about several entities. For example, Orders and Items [in Orders]. We decided to use the BizTalk Server to synchronize systems. Why it was chosen is another story. Second draft   Let’s take an example how it works in more details. 1.       User creates a new entity in the A system. This fires an insert trigger on the entity table. Trigger has to pass the message “Entity created”. This message includes all attributes of the new entity, but I focused on the Id of this entity in the A system. Notation for this message is id.A. System A sends id.A to the BizTalk Server. 2.       BizTalk transforms id.A to the format of the system B. This is easiest part and I will not focus on this kind of transformations in the following text. The message on the picture is still id.A but it is in slightly different format, that’s why it is changing in color. BizTalk sends id.A to the system B. 3.       The system B creates the entity on its side. But it uses different id-s for entities, these id-s are id.B. System B saves id.A+id.B. System B sends the message id.A+id.B back to the BizTalk. 4.       BizTalk sends the message id.A+id.B to the system A. 5.       System A saves id.A+id.B. Why both id-s should be saved on both systems? It was one of the next requirements. Users of both systems have to know the systems are in sync or not in sync. Users working with the entity on the system A can see the id.B and use it to switch to the system B and work there with the copy of the same entity. The decision was to store the pairs of entity id-s on both sides. If there is only one id, the entities are not in sync yet (for the Create operation). Third draft Next problem was the reliability of the synchronization. The synchronizing process can be interrupted on each step, when message goes through the wires. It can be communication problem, timeout, temporary shutdown one of the systems, the second system cannot be synchronized by some internal reason. There were several potential problems that prevented from enclosing the whole synchronization process in one transaction. Decision was to restart the whole sync process if it was not finished (in case of the error). For this purpose was created an additional service. Let’s call it the Resync service. We still keep the id pairs in both systems, but only for the fast access not for the synchronization process. For the synchronizing these id-s now are kept in one main place, in the Resync service database. The Resync service keeps record as: ·       Id.A ·       Id.B ·       Entity.Type ·       Operation (Create, Update, Delete) ·       IsSyncStarted (true/false) ·       IsSyncFinished (true/false0 The example now looks like: 1.       System A creates id.A. id.A is saved on the A. Id.A is sent to the BizTalk. 2.       BizTalk sends id.A to the Resync and to the B. id.A is saved on the Resync. 3.       System B creates id.B. id.A+id.B are saved on the B. id.A+id.B are sent to the BizTalk. 4.       BizTalk sends id.A+id.B to the Resync and to the A. id.A+id.B are saved on the Resync. 5.       id.A+id.B are saved on the B. Resync changes the IsSyncStarted and IsSyncFinished flags accordingly. The Resync service implements three main methods: ·       Save (id.A, Entity.Type, Operation) ·       Save (id.A, id.B, Entity.Type, Operation) ·       Resync () Two Save() are used to save id-s to the service storage. See in the above example, in 2 and 4 steps. What about the Resync()? It is the method that finishes the interrupted synchronization processes. If Save() is started by the trigger event, the Resync() is working as an independent process. It periodically scans the Resync storage to find out “unfinished” records. Then it restarts the synchronization processes. It tries to synchronize them several times then gives up.     One more thing, both systems A and B must tolerate duplicates of one synchronizing process. Say on the step 3 the system B was not able to send id.A+id.B back. The Resync service must restart the synchronization process that will send the id.A to B second time. In this case system B must just send back again also created id.A+id.B pair without errors. That means “tolerate duplicates”. Fourth draft Next draft was created only because of the aesthetics. As it always happens, aesthetics gave significant performance gain to the whole system. First was the stupid question. Why do we need this additional service with special database? Can we just master the BizTalk to do something like this Resync() does? So the Resync orchestration is doing the same thing as the Resync service. It is started by the Id.A and finished by the id.A+id.B message. The first works as a Start message, the second works as a Finish message.     Here is a diagram the whole process without errors. It is pretty straightforward. The Resync orchestration is waiting for the Finish message specific period of time then resubmits the Id.A message. It resubmits the Id.A message specific number of times then gives up and gets suspended. It can be resubmitted then it starts the whole process again: waiting [, resubmitting [, get suspended]], finishing. Tuning up The Resync orchestration resubmits the id.A message with special “Resubmitted” flag. The subscription filter on the Resync orchestration includes predicate as (Resubmit_Flag != “Resubmitted”). That means only the first Sync orchestration starts the Resync orchestration. Other Sync orchestration instantiated by the resubmitting can finish this Resync orchestration but cannot start another instance of the Resync   Here is a diagram where system B was inaccessible for some period of time. The Resync orchestration resubmitted the id.A two times. Then system B got the response the id.A+id.B and this finished the Resync service execution. What is interesting about this, there were submitted several identical id.A messages and only one id.A+id.B message. Because of this, the system B and the Resync must tolerate the duplicate messages. We also told about this requirement for the system B. Now the same requirement is for the Resunc. Let’s assume the system B was very slow in the first response and the Resync service had time to resubmit two id.A messages. System B responded not, as it was in previous case, with one id.A+id.B but with two id.A+id.B messages. First of them finished the Resync execution for the id.A. What about the second id.A+id.B? Where it goes? So, we have to add one more internal requirement. The whole solution must tolerate many identical id.A+id.B messages. It is easy task with the BizTalk. I added the “SinkExtraMessages” subscriber (orchestration with one receive shape), that just get these messages and do nothing. Real design Real architecture is much more complex and interesting. In reality each system can submit several id.A almost simultaneously and completely unordered. There are not only the “Create entity” operation but the Update and Delete operations. And these operations relate each other. Say the Update operation after Delete means not the same as Update after Create. In reality there are entities related each other. Say the Order and Order Items. Change on one of it could start the series of the operations on another. Moreover, the system internals are the “black boxes” and we cannot predict the exact content and order of the operation series. It worth to say, I had to spend a time to manage the zombie message problems. The zombies are still here, but this is not a problem now. And this is another story. What is interesting in the last design? One orchestration works to help another to be more reliable. Why two orchestration design is more reliable, isn’t it something strange? The Synch orchestration takes all the message exchange between systems, here is the area where most of the errors could happen. The Resync orchestration sends and receives messages only within the BizTalk server. Is there another design? Sure. All Resync functionality could be implemented inside the Sync orchestration. Hey guys, some other ideas?

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  • System.ArgumentException: Invalid hex character at DecryptAssemblyResource

    - by Radu094
    My webapp is trowing these exceptions intermitently ever since we migrated to Mono + Apache: The error sounds more like a problem reading/processing some assembly, so I was wondering if I should be worried that there might be a problem with the hard-drive? System.ArgumentException: Invalid hex character at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySectionUtils.ToHexValue (Char c, Boolean high) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySectionUtils.GetBytes (System.String key, Int32 len) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler.GetBytes (System.String val) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler.DecryptAssemblyResource (System.String val, System.String& asmName, System.String& resName) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler.ProcessRequest (System.Web.HttpContext context) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler.System.Web.IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest (System.Web.HttpContext context) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.HttpApplication+<Pipeline>c__Iterator2.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Web.HttpApplication.Tick () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 Method: Void Application_Error(System.Object, System.EventArgs) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void ProcessError(System.Exception) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void Tick() at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void Start(System.Object) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void System.Web.IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest(System.Web.HttpContext) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void Process(System.Web.HttpWorkerRequest) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void RealProcessRequest(System.Object) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void ProcessRequest(System.Web.HttpWorkerRequest) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void ProcessRequest() at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void ProcessRequest(Mono.WebServer.MonoWorkerRequest) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void ProcessRequest(Int32, System.String, System.String, System.String, System.String, System.String, Int32, System.String, Int32, System.String, System.String[], System.String[], System.Object) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void InnerRun(System.Object) at File: at Line Number: 0 Method: Void Run(System.Object) at File: at Line Number: 0

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  • System Center Essentials server running out of disk space due to stored old updates

    - by Ricket
    We have a System Center Essentials (SCE) server to filter updates to our laptops. We've configured it to download the update, and then the laptops get the update from this server; this of course reduces our internet bandwidth and the time it takes for employees to receive the updates, which reduces the complaints we get about how long updates take. However we currently have a total of 2,255 updates stored on the server. SCE gives a breakdown: Updates with installation errors: 29 Updates needed by computers: 280 Updates installed/up-to-date: 0 Updates with no status: 1946 Our little server has 68gb of hard disk space, and the updates are currently taking 32gb and counting. Some of the updates date back to 2003, but we can't figure out a way to delete them to free up space on the server. Right-clicking an update and clicking Uninstall threatens to remove the update from all computers, which is not what we want. Some of the updates even inform us upon viewing: This update has been replaced by a newer update. Before declining this update, it is recommended that you approve the new update first and verify that this update is no longer needed by any computers. How do you prevent your SCE server from filling its hard drive space? Is there a way to configure the server to only keep updates that are still needed? Furthermore, why (in the above breakdown of updates) are there so many updates with "no status" and 0 updates that are "installed/up-to-date"?

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  • System displays "File system maintenance error, press ctrl+d" while booting

    - by user3215
    In my office I've Ubuntu 8.10 desktop installed and it's running for a long time. When ever the system is started, I'll get a file system maintenance error and something it's prompted for the root password or (press ctrl+d to continue). After pressing Ctrl+D the system normally boots up. I could not resolve this issue for a long time and I think something should be done in the fstab file. I'm not sure to do anything and expecting the experts here to help to perfectly fix this. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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