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• Enforce link in Team foundation server bug work item for duplicates

  - by Tewr

  We have just started out with Team Foundation Server 2008 / Visual Studio Team System and we are pleased to find how we can export and modify work items to our needs. However, this last thing that would make the setup perfect for us has proved somewhat difficult: We have exported the Bug work item type and have made modifications to it to appear differently to different groups of users. We do, however, see a potential problem in non-developers reporting bugs which turn out to be duplicates. We would like to enforce that users who close a ticket with resolved reason:duplicate also creates a link to the bug which is perceived as the first bug report. I have looked at System.RelatedLinkCount, and put the rule <FIELD type="Integer" name="RelatedLinkCount" refname="System.RelatedLinkCount"> <WHEN field="Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ResolvedReason" value="duplicate"> <PROHIBITEDVALUES> <LISTITEM value="0" /> </PROHIBITEDVALUES> </WHEN> </FIELD> However, when I try to put anything in that scope, the importer tells me that System.RelatedLinkCount does not accept the rule, no matter what I put, but the rule above shows what I am trying to do (even though the most preferable rule would also check that the bug that I link to is not a duplicate as well, though this is overkill :P) Has anyone else tried to enforce rules like this in work items? Is there another approach to solving the same issue? I am thankful for any thoughts on the matter.

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• Understanding REST through an example

  - by grifaton

  My only real exposure to the ideas of REST has been through Ruby on Rails' RESTful routing. This has suited me well for the kind of CRUD-based applications I have built with Rails, but consequently my understanding of RESTfulness is somewhat limited. Let's say we have a finite collection of Items, each of which has a unique ID, and a number of properties, such as colour, shape, and size (which might be undefined for some Items). Items can be used by a client for a period of time, but each Item can only be used by one client at once. Access to Items is regulated by a server. Clients can request the temporary use of certain items from a server. Usually, clients will only be interested in getting access to a number of Items with particular properties, rather than getting access to specific Items. When a client requests use of a number of Items, the server responds with a list of IDs corresponding to the request, or with a response that says that the requested Items are not currently available or do not exist. A client can make the following kinds of request: Tell me how many green triangle Items there are (in total/available). Give me use of 200 large red Items. I have finished with Items 21, 23, 23. Add 100 new red square Items. Delete 50 small green Items. Modify all big yellow pentagon Items to be blue. The toy example above is like a resource allocation problem I have had to deal with recently. How should I go about thinking about it RESTfully?

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• Is it possible to spoof or reuse VIEWSTATE or detect if it is protected from modification?

  - by Peter Jaric

  Question ASP and ASP.NET web applications use a value called VIEWSTATE in forms. From what I understand, this is used to persist some kind of state on the client between requests to the web server. I have never worked with ASP or ASP.NET and need some help with two questions (and some sub-questions): 1) Is it possible to programmatically spoof/construct a VIEWSTATE for a form? Clarification: can a program look at a form and from that construct the contents of the base64-encoded VIEWSTATE value? 1 a) Or can it always just be left out? 1 b) Can an old VIEWSTATE for a particular form be reused in a later invocation of the same form, or would it just be luck if that worked? 2) I gather from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972976.aspx#viewstate_topic12 that it is possible to turn on security so that the VIEWSTATE becomes secure from spoofing. Is it possible for a program to detect that a VIEWSTATE is safeguarded in such a way? 2 a) Is there a one-to-one mapping between the occurrence of EVENTVALIDATION values and secure VIEWSTATEs? Regarding 1) and 2), if yes, can I have a hint about how I would do that? For 2) I am thinking I could base64-decode the value and search for a string that always is found in unencrypted VIEWSTATEs. "First:"? Something else? Background I have made a small tool for detecting and exploiting so called CSRF vulnerabilities. I use it to quickly make proof of concepts of such vulnerabilities that I send to the affected site owners. Quite often I encounter these forms with a VIEWSTATE, and these I don't know if they are secure or not. Edit 1: Clarified question 1 somewhat. Edit 2: Added text in italics.

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• Efficiently select top row for each category in the set

  - by VladV

  I need to select a top row for each category from a known set (somewhat similar to this question). The problem is, how to make this query efficient on the large number of rows. For example, let's create a table that stores temperature recording in several places. CREATE TABLE #t ( placeId int, ts datetime, temp int, PRIMARY KEY (ts, placeId) ) -- insert some sample data SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @n int, @ts datetime SELECT @n = 1000, @ts = '2000-01-01' WHILE (@n>0) BEGIN INSERT INTO #t VALUES (@n % 10, @ts, @n % 37) IF (@n % 10 = 0) SET @ts = DATEADD(hour, 1, @ts) SET @n = @n - 1 END Now I need to get the latest recording for each of the places 1, 2, 3. This way is efficient, but doesn't scale well (and looks dirty). SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 1 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 2 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 3 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t3 The following looks better but works much less efficiently (30% vs 70% according to the optimizer). SELECT placeId, ts, temp FROM ( SELECT placeId, ts, temp, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY placeId ORDER BY ts DESC) rownum FROM #t WHERE placeId IN (1, 2, 3) ) t WHERE rownum = 1 The problem is, during the latter query execution plan a clustered index scan is performed on #t and 300 rows are retrieved, sorted, numbered, and then filtered, leaving only 3 rows. For the former query three times one row is fetched. Is there a way to perform the query efficiently without lots of unions?

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• CSS of iFramed page not being applied properly

  - by Mike E.

  My company has purchased a third-party package with a built-in customer facing web portal, and I'm being tasked with integrating it into our site. Unfortunately, the web portal does not look great, and we have absolutely no control over how it looks (other than asking the vendor for changes - $$). In order to make it look somewhat like the rest of our site, I've stuck it in an iFrame (I'm not thrilled about this either) to put our logo and top navigation on it. Please note, I am not attempting to manipulate the iframed page in any way. Firefox handles this just fine, but in IE7 and IE8, not all of the CSS is being applied properly when the application's pages are displayed in the iFrame. Specifically, it should be applying a font-family of Arial to all TDs, but some text inside TDs are not being displayed as Arial. Any ideas as to what is going on? This only happens when the pages are viewed inside the iFrame. Outside the iFrame, the CSS is applied as it should be. I'm guessing we're going to have to get our vendor to make some changes, but I'd love to know why the iFrame is impacting the page like this. Thanks!

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• C++ BigInt multiplication conceptual problem

  - by Kapo

  I'm building a small BigInt library in C++ for use in my programming language. The structure is like the following: short digits[ 1000 ]; int len; I have a function that converts a string into a bigint by splitting it up into single chars and putting them into digits. The numbers in digits are all reversed, so the number 123 would look like the following: digits[0]=3 digits[1]=3 digits[2]=1 I have already managed to code the adding function, which works perfectly. It works somewhat like this: overflow = 0 for i ++ until length of both numbers exceeded: add numberA[ i ] to numberB[ i ] add overflow to the result set overflow to 0 if the result is bigger than 10: substract 10 from the result overflow = 1 put the result into numberReturn[ i ] (Overflow is in this case what happens when I add 1 to 9: Substract 10 from 10, add 1 to overflow, overflow gets added to the next digit) So think of how two numbers are stored, like those: 0 | 1 | 2 --------- A 2 - - B 0 0 1 The above represents the digits of the bigints 2 (A) and 100 (B). - means uninitialized digits, they aren't accessed. So adding the above number works fine: start at 0, add 2 + 0, go to 1, add 0, go to 2, add 1 But: When I want to do multiplication with the above structure, my program ends up doing the following: Start at 0, multiply 2 with 0 (eek), go to 1, ... So it is obvious that, for multiplication, I have to get an order like this: 0 | 1 | 2 --------- A - - 2 B 0 0 1 Then, everything would be clear: Start at 0, multiply 0 with 0, go to 1, multiply 0 with 0, go to 2, multiply 1 with 2 How can I manage to get digits into the correct form for multiplication? I don't want to do any array moving/flipping - I need performance!

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• My program is spending most of its time in objc_msgSend. Does that mean that Objective-C has bad per

  - by Paperflyer

  Hello Stackoverflow. I have written an application that has a number of custom views and generally draws a lot of lines and bitmaps. Since performance is somewhat critical for the application, I spent a good amount of time optimizing draw performance. Now, activity monitor tells me that my application is usually using about 12% CPU and Instrument (the profiler) says that a whopping 10% CPU is spent in objc_msgSend (mostly in drawing related system calls). On the one hand, I am glad about this since it means that my drawing is about as fast as it gets and my optimizations where a huge success. On the other hand, it seems to imply that the only thing that is still using my CPU is the Objective-C overhead for messages (objc_msgSend). Hence, that if I had written the application in, say, Carbon, its performance would be drastically better. Now I am tempted to conclude that Objective-C is a language with bad performance, even though Cocoa seems to be awfully efficient since it can apparently draw faster than Objective-C can send messages. So, is Objective-C really a language with bad performance? What do you think about that?

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• Creating Thumbnails with CFImage Aborting Because of Server Load?

  - by nephilite

  I am uploading in image via a form and I want to, in addition to saving the image, save a variety of thumbnails in both png and jpg format. To do this I am using the code below. The initial image uploads fine but then, after spinning for a moment I get an error of: "Request aborted due to heavy system load." (from my host crystaltech), and none of the thumbnails have made it through. I've tried it with even just one resize (and no converts) and it still fails. What am I doing wrong? This issue is somewhat urgent....Thanks! ` <cffile action="upload" destination="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon.png" filefield="Icon" nameconflict="overwrite"> <cfimage source="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon.png" action="resize" width="50%" height="50%" destination="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon_Half.png" overwrite="yes"> <cfimage source="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon.png" action="resize" width="25%" height="25%" destination="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon_Quarter.png" overwrite="yes"> <cfimage source="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon.png" action="convert" destination="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon.jpg"> <cfimage source="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon_Half.png" action="convert" destination="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon_Half.jpg"> <cfimage source="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon_Quarter.png" action="convert" destination="#Application.filePath#Icons\#app#Icon_Quarter.jpg"> `

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• Any guidelines for handling the Headset and Bluetooth AVRC transport controls in Android 2.2

  - by StefanK

  I am trying to figure out what is the correct (new) approach for handling the Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON in Froyo. In pre 2.2 days we had to register a BroadcastReceiver (either permanently or at run-time) and the Media Button events would arrive, as long as no other application intercepts them and aborts the broadcast. Froyo seems to still somewhat support that model (at least for the wired headset), but it also introduces the registerMediaButtonEventReceiver, and unregisterMediaButtonEventReceiver methods that seem to control the "transport focus" between applications. During my experiments, using registerMediaButtonEventReceiver does cause both the bluetooth and the wired headset button presses to be routed to the application's broadcast receiver (the app gets the "transport focus"), but it looks like any change in the audio routing (for example unplugging the headset) shits the focus back to the default media player. What is the logic behind the implementation in Android 2.2? What is correct way to handle transport controls? Do we have to detect the change in the audio routing and try to re-gain the focus? This is an issue that any 3rd party media player on the Android platform has to deal with, so I hope that somebody (probably a Google Engineer) can provide some guidelines that we can all follow. Having a standard approach may make headset button controls a bit more predictable for the end users. Stefan

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• how do I hide certain part of form

  - by yogsma

  I have a form and it contains dropdown box and different div items. Based on selection from dropdown box, I show those div items. But some of the text in those div items are shown when the form is loaded and not when I select the option from dropdown box. The code is somewhat like this <form> <select id=""> <option value="one"> One </option> <option value="two"> Two </option> <option value="three"> Three </option> </select> <div id="onee"> header text ..<table> </table></div> <div id="twoo"> header text ..<table> </table></div> </form> So when I load the page form with select drop down box is shown , but it also shows header text which is within div. How do I hide that text?

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• Enterprise Platform in Python, Design Advice

  - by Jason Miesionczek

  I am starting the design of a somewhat large enterprise platform in Python, and was wondering if you guys can give me some advice as to how to organize the various components and which packages would help achieve the goals of scalability, maintainability, and reliability. The system is basically a service that collects data from various outside sources, with each outside source having its own separate application. These applications would poll a central database and get any requests that have been submitted to perform on the external source. There will be a main website and REST/SOAP API that should also have access to the central data service. My initial thought was to use Django for the web site, web service and data access layer (using its built-in ORM), and then the outside source applications can use the web service(s) to get the information they need to process the request and save the results. Using this method would allow me to have multiple instances of the service applications running on the same or different machines to balance out the load. Are there more elegant means of accomplishing this? i've heard of messaging systems such as MQ, would something like that be beneficial in this scenario? My other thought was to use a completely separate data service not based on Django, and use some kind of remoting or remote objects (in they exist in Python) to interact with the data model. The downside here would be with the website which would become much slower if it had to push all of its data requests through a second layer. I would love to hear what other developers have come up with to achieve these goals in the most flexible way possible.

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• How to copy a variable in JavaScript?

  - by Michael Stum

  I have this JavaScript code: for (var idx in data) { var row = $("<tr></tr>"); row.click(function() { alert(idx); }); table.append(row); } So I'm looking through an array, dynamically creating rows (the part where I create the cells is omitted as it's not important). Important is that I create a new function which encloses the idx variable. However, idx is only a reference, so at the end of the loop, all rows have the same function and all alert the same value. One way I solve this at the moment is by doing this: function GetRowClickFunction(idx){ return function() { alert(idx); } } and in the calling code I call row.click(GetRowClickFunction(idx)); This works, but is somewhat ugly. I wonder if there is a better way to just copy the current value of idx inside the loop? While the problem itself is not jQuery specific (it's related to JavaScript closures/scope), I use jQuery and hence a jQuery-only solution is okay if it works.

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• How to mix Grammer (Rules) & Dictation (Free speech) with SpeechRecognizer in C#

  - by Lee Englestone

  I really like Microsofts latest speech recognition (and SpeechSynthesis) offerings. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms554855.aspx http://estellasays.blogspot.com/2009/04/speech-recognition-in-cnet.html However I feel like I'm somewhat limited when using grammers. Don't get me wrong grammers are great for telling the speech recognition exactly what words / phrases to look out for, however what if I want it to recognise something i've not given it a heads up about? Or I want to parse a phrase which is half pre-determined command name and half random words? For example.. Scenario A - I say "Google [Oil Spill]" and I want it to open Google with search results for the term in brackets which could be anything. Scenario B - I say "Locate [Manchester]" and I want it to search for Manchester in Google Maps or anything else non pre-determined I want it to know that 'Google' and 'Locate' are commands and what comes after it are parameters (and could be anything). Question : Does anyone know how to mix the use of pre-determined grammers (words the speech recognition should recognise) and words not in its pre-determined grammer? Code fragments.. using System.Speech.Recognition; ... ... SpeechRecognizer rec = new SpeechRecognizer(); rec.SpeechRecognized += rec_SpeechRecognized; var c = new Choices(); c.Add("search"); var gb = new GrammarBuilder(c); var g = new Grammar(gb); rec.LoadGrammar(g); rec.Enabled = true; ... ... void rec_SpeechRecognized(object sender, SpeechRecognizedEventArgs e) { if (e.Result.Text == "search") { string query = "How can I get a word not defined in Grammer recognised and passed into here!"; launchGoogle(query); } } ... ... private void launchGoogle(string term) { Process.Start("IEXPLORE", "google.com?q=" + term); }

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• Alter a function as a parameter before evaluating it in R?

  - by Shane

  Is there any way, given a function passed as a parameter, to alter its input parameter string before evaluating it? Here's pseudo-code for what I'm hoping to achieve: test.func <- function(a, b) { # here I want to alter the b expression before evaluating it: b(..., val1=a) } Given the function call passed to b, I want to add in a as another parameter without needing to always specify ... in the b call. So the output from this test.func call should be: test.func(a="a", b=paste(1, 2)) "1" "2" "a" Edit: Another way I could see doing something like this would be if I could assign the additional parameter within the scope of the parent function (again, as pseudo-code); in this case a would be within the scope of t1 and hence t2, but not globally assigned: t2 <- function(...) { paste(a=a, ...) } t1 <- function(a, b) { local( { a <<- a; b } ) } t1(a="a", b=t2(1, 2)) This is somewhat akin to currying in that I'm nesting the parameter within the function itself. Edit 2: Just to add one more comment to this: I realize that one related approach could be to use "prototype-based programming" such that things would be inherited (which could be achieved with the proto package). But I was hoping for a easier way to simply alter the input parameters before evaluating in R.

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• How not to lose binding source updates?

  - by Fyodor Soikin

  Suppose I have a modal dialog with a textbox and OK/Cancel buttons. And it is built on MVVM - i.e. it has a ViewModel object with a string property that the textbox is bound to. Say, I enter some text in the textbox and then grab my mouse and click "OK". Everything works fine: at the moment of click, the textbox loses focus, which causes the binding engine to update the ViewModel's property. I get my data, everybody's happy. Now suppose I don't use my mouse. Instead, I just hit Enter on the keyboard. This also causes the "OK" button to "click", since it is marked as IsDefault="True". But guess what? The textbox doesn not lose focus in this case, and therefore, the binding engine remains innocently ignorant, and I don't get my data. Dang! Another variation of the same scenario: suppose I have a data entry form right in the main window, enter some data into it, and then hit Ctrl+S for "Save". Guess what? My latest entry doesn't get saved! This may be somewhat remedied by using UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, but that is not always possible. One obvious case would be the use of StringFormat with binding - the text keeps jumping back into "formatted" state as I'm trying to enter it. And another case, which I have encountered myself, is when I have some time-consuming processing in the viewmodel's property setter, and I only want to perform it when the user is "done" entering text. This seems like an eternal problem: I remember trying to solve it systematically from ages ago, ever since I've started working with interactive interfaces, but I've never quite succeeded. In the past, I always ended up using some sort of hacks - like, say, adding an "EnsureDataSaved" method to every "presenter" (as in "MVP") and calling it at "critical" points, or something like that... But with all the cool technologies, as well as empty hype, of WPF, I expected they'd come up with some good solution.

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• How to alter Postgres table data based on its contents?

  - by williamjones

  This is probably a super simple question, but I'm struggling to come up with the right keywords to find it on Google. I have a Postgres table that has among its contents a column of type text named content_type. That stores what type of entry is stored in that row. There are only about 5 different types, and I decided I want to change one of them to display as something else in my application (I had been directly displaying these). It struck me that it's funny that my view is being dictated by my database model, and I decided I would convert the types being stored in my database as strings into integers, and enumerate the possible types in my application with constants that convert them into their display names. That way, if I ever got the urge to change any category names again, I could just change it with one alteration of a constant. I also have the hunch that storing integers might be somewhat more efficient than storing text in the database. First, a quick threshold question of, is this a good idea? Any feedback or anything I missed? Second, and my main question, what's the Postgres command I could enter to make an alteration like this? I'm thinking I could start by renaming the old content_type column to old_content_type and then creating a new integer column content_type. However, what command would look at a row's old_content_type and fill in the new content_type column based off of that?

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• What goes into main function?

  - by Woltan

  I am looking for a best practice tip of what goes into the main function of a program using c++. Currently I think two approaches are possible. (Although the "margins" of those approaches can be arbitrarily close to each other) 1: Write a "Master"-class that receives the parameters passed to the main function and handle the complete program in that "Master"-class (Of course you also make use of other classes). Therefore the main function would be reduced to a minimum of lines. #include "MasterClass.h" int main(int args, char* argv[]) { MasterClass MC(args, argv); } 2: Write the "complete" program in the main function making use of user defined objects of course! However there are also global functions involved and the main function can get somewhat large. I am looking for some general guidelines of how to write the main function of a program in c++. I came across this issue by trying to write some unit test for the first approach, which is a little difficult since most of the methods are private. Thx in advance for any help, suggestion, link, ...

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• How to make BoxLayout vertical but children flow top-aligned?

  - by user291701

  I'm trying to get get a vertical, top-aligned layout to work. This is what I have: JPanel pane = new JPanel(); pane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(pane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); MyImagePanel panelImage = new MyImagePanel(); panelImage.setSize(400, 400); pane.add(new JComboBox()); pane.add(panelImage); pane.add(new JButton("1")); pane.add(new JButton("2")); pane.add(new JButton("3")); JFrame frame = new JFrame("Title"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(800, 600); frame.add(pane); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); All the controls appear, but it looks like padding is being applied at run time between their tops and bottoms so they're somewhat vertically centered. This is what I'm going for: ----------------------------------------------------- | ComboBox | | ------------ | | | | | Image | | | | | ------------ | | Button 1 | Any additional space fills the right | ------------ | | Button 2 | | ------------ | | Button 3 | | ------------ | | | | Any additional space fills the bottom | | | ----------------------------------------------------- How do I get BoxLayout to do that? Thanks ------------------------- Update ------------------------- Was able to use this: Box vertical = Box.createVerticalBox(); frame.add(vertical, BorderLayout.NORTH); vertical.add(new JComboBox()); vertical.add(new JButton("1")); ... to get what I wanted.

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• Best way to carry & modify a variable through various instances and functions?

  - by bobsoap

  I'm looking for the "best practice" way to achieve a message / notification system. I'm using an OOP-based approach for the script and would like to do something along the lines of this: if(!$something) $messages->add('Something doesn\'t exist!'); The add() method in the messages class looks somewhat like this: class messages { public function add($new) { $messages = $THIS_IS_WHAT_IM_LOOKING_FOR; //array $messages[] = $new; $THIS_IS_WHAT_IM_LOOKING_FOR = $messages; } } In the end, there is a method in which reads out $messages and returns every message as nicely formatted HTML. So the questions is - what type of variable should I be using for $THIS_IS_WHAT_IM_LOOKING_FOR? I don't want to make this use the database. Querying the db every time just for some messages that occur at runtime and disappear after 5 seconds just seems like overkill. Using global constants for this is apparently worst practice, since constants are not meant to be variables that change over time. I don't even know if it would work. I don't want to always pass in and return the existing $messages array through the method every time I want to add a new message. I even tried using a session var for this, but that is obviously not suited for this purpose at all (it will always be 1 pageload too late). Any suggestions? Thanks!

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• Best practice- How to team-split a django project while still allowing code reusal

  - by Infinity

  I know this sounds kind of vague, but please let me explain- I'm starting work on a brand new project, it will have two main components: "ACME PRODUCT" (think Gmail, Meebo, etc), and "THE SITE" (help, information, marketing stuff, promotional landing pages, etc lots of marketing-induced cruft). So basically the url /acme/* will load stuff in the uber cool ajaxy application, and every other URI will load stuff in the other site. Problem: "THE SITE" component is out of my hands, and will be handled by a consultants team that will work closely with marketing, And I and my team will work solely on the ACME PRODUCT. Question: How to set up the django project in such a way that we can have: Seperate releases. (They can push new marketing pages and functionality without having to worry about the state of our code. Maybe even separate Subversion "projects") Minimize impact (on our product) of whatever flying-unicorns-hocus-pocus the other team codes into the site. Still allow some code reusal. My main concern is that the ACME product needs to be rock solid, and therefore needs to be somewhat isolated of whatever mistakes/code bloopers the consultants make in their marketing side of the site. How have you handled this? Any ideas? Thanks!

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• User Defined Conversions in C++

  - by wash

  Recently, I was browsing through my copy of the C++ Pocket Reference from O'Reilly Media, and I was surprised when I came across a brief section and example regarding user-defined conversion for user-defined types: #include <iostream> class account { private: double balance; public: account (double b) { balance = b; } operator double (void) { return balance; } }; int main (void) { account acc(100.0); double balance = acc; std::cout << balance << std::endl; return 0; } I've been programming in C++ for awhile, and this is the first time I've ever seen this sort of operator overloading. The book's description of this subject is somewhat brief, leaving me with a few unanswered questions about this feature: Is this a particularly obscure feature? As I said, I've been programming in C++ for awhile and this is the first time I've ever come across this. I haven't had much luck finding more in-depth material regarding this. Is this relatively portable? (I'm compiling on GCC 4.1) Can user-defined conversions to user defined types be done? e.g. operator std::string () { /* code */ }

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• Why is T() = T() allowed?

  - by Rimo

  I believe the expression T() creates an rvalue (by the Standard). However, the following code compiles (at least on gcc4.0): class T {}; int main() { T() = T(); } I know technically this is possible because member functions can be invoked on temporaries and the above is just invoking the operator= on the rvalue temporary created from the first T(). But conceptually this is like assigning a new value to an rvalue. Is there a good reason why this is allowed? Edit: The reason I find this odd is it's strictly forbidden on built-in types yet allowed on user-defined types. For example, int(2) = int(3) won't compile because that is an "invalid lvalue in assignment". So I guess the real question is, was this somewhat inconsistent behavior built into the language for a reason? Or is it there for some historical reason? (E.g it would be conceptually more sound to allow only const member functions to be invoked on rvalue expressions, but that cannot be done because that might break some existing code.)

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• How best to implement support for multiple devices in a web application.

  - by Kabeer

  Hello. My client would like a business application to support 'every possible device'. The application in question is essentially a web application and 'every possible device', I believe encompasses mobile phones, netbooks, ipad, other browser supporting devices, etc. The application is somewhat complex w.r.t. the data it captures and other functions it performs (reporting). If I continue to honor increasing complexity in the application, I guess there are more chances of it not working on other devices. I'd like to know how web applications support multiple devices conventionally? Are there multiple versions of presentation layer (like many times I find m.website.com dedicated for mobile devices)? Further, if my application is to take advantage of Java Script, RIA (Flash, SilverLight) then what are the consequences and workarounds? Mine is a .Net based application and the stack also contains Ext JS Java Script library. While I would like to use it for sure, considering that I would be doing a lot of work in Java Script rather than HTML, this could be a problem. The answer to the above could be descriptive. If there is something already prescribed out there, please share the link(s). Thanks.

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• Best (functional?) programming language to learn coming from Mathematica

  - by Will Robertson

  As a mechanical engineering PhD student, I haven't had a great pedigree in programming as part of my “day job”. I started out in Matlab (having written some Hypercard and Applescript back in the day, and being introduced to Ada, of all things, in my 1st undergrad year), learned to program—if you can call it that—in (La)TeX; and finally discovered and fell for Mathematica. Now I'm interested in learning a "real" programming language that I can enjoy in the same sort of style as Mathematica, which tries to stress functional programming since it seems to map more nicely to how certain kinds of mathematics can be written algorithmically. So which functional language should I learn? I guess the obvious answer is “as many as possible”, but let's start out humble and give a single, well-considered option a good crack. I've heard good things about, say, Haskell and Scala, but I wonder if (given my non–computer science background) I'd be better off starting in more “grounded” territory and going with Ruby or Python (the latter having the big advantage of being used for Sage, which I'd also like to investigate…after my PhD). Well, I guess this is pretty subjective, so perhaps I could rephrase: would it be better to start looking at Haskell (say) straight after an ad-hoc education to functional programming in Mathematica, or will I get more out of learning Python (say) first? In reference to the question "what do I want to do with it?", I guess my answer is "fun, and learning more". I've got this list of languages that I'd like to look at, and I don't know how to trim them down. And I'd rather start with something a little higher-level than C simply so that I can be somewhat productive without having to re-invent many wheels for any code I'd like to write.

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• power and modulo on the fly for big numbers

  - by user unknown

  I raise some basis b to the power p and take the modulo m of that. Let's assume b=55170 or 55172 and m=3043839241 (which happens to be the square of 55171). The linux-calculator bc gives the results (we need this for control): echo "p=5606;b=55171;m=b*b;((b-1)^p)%m;((b+1)^p)%m" | bc 2734550616 309288627 Now calculating 55170^5606 gives a somewhat large number, but since I have to do a modulooperation, I can circumvent the usage of BigInt, I thought, because of: (a*b) % c == ((a%c) * (b%c))%c i.e. (9*7) % 5 == ((9%5) * (7%5))%5 => 63 % 5 == (4 * 2) %5 => 3 == 8 % 5 ... and a^d = a^(b+c) = a^b * a^c, therefore I can divide b+c by 2, which gives, for even or odd ds d/2 and d-(d/2), so for 8^5 I can calculate 8^2 * 8^3. So my (defective) method, which always cut's off the divisor on the fly looks like that: def powMod (b: Long, pot: Int, mod: Long) : Long = { if (pot == 1) b % mod else { val pot2 = pot/2 val pm1 = powMod (b, pot, mod) val pm2 = powMod (b, pot-pot2, mod) (pm1 * pm2) % mod } } and feeded with some values, powMod (55170, 5606, 3043839241L) res2: Long = 1885539617 powMod (55172, 5606, 3043839241L) res4: Long = 309288627 As we can see, the second result is exactly the same as the one above, but the first one looks quiet different. I'm doing a lot of such calculations, and they seem to be accurate as long as they stay in the range of Int, but I can't see any error. Using a BigInt works as well, but is way too slow: def calc2 (n: Int, pri: Long) = { val p: BigInt = pri val p3 = p * p val p1 = (p-1).pow (n) % (p3) val p2 = (p+1).pow (n) % (p3) print ("p1: " + p1 + " p2: " + p2) } calc2 (5606, 55171) p1: 2734550616 p2: 309288627 (same result as with bc) Can somebody see the error in powMod?

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