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• TCP/IP & throughput between FreeNAS (BSD) server & other LAN machines

  - by Tim Dickerson

  I have got a question for someone that knows BSD a bit better than me that are in regards to my LAN setup at home/work here outside Chicago. I can't seem to fully optimize my network's (LAN) thoughput via my FreeNAS (BSD based) file server. It runs with the latest FreeBSD release which is modified to support several protocols for file transfers and more. Every machine that is behind my Smoothwall (Linux based) router is on the usual 192.168.0.x subnet and for most part works just fine. Behind the Smoothwall box, all machines are connected to a GB HP unmanaged switch. I host a large WISP here and have an OC-3 connection here at home/work and have no issues with downloading/uploading from/to the 'net'. My problem is with throughput. When I try and transfer large files...really any for that matter..between any of the machines to/and from the FreeNAS server via FTP, the max throughput I can achieve say between a Win 7 or a Linux box is ~65Mbit/sec. All machines are running Intel Pro 1000 GB NIC's and all cable is CAT6. Each is set to 'auto negotiation' and each shows 1500 MTU Full Duplex @1GB so I know the hardware is okay. I have not adjusted the MTU on any machine as I understand it to be pointless unless certain configurations are used (I assume I am not one of those). My settings for the FreeNAS machine are the following: # FreeNAS /etc/sysctl.conf - pertinent settings shown kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=262144 kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768 kern.ipc.somaxconn=8192 kern.maxfiles=65536 kern.maxfilesperproc=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 net.inet.tcp.path_mtu_discovery=0 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=524288 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.recvspace=65536 net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=16384 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=65536 net.inet.udp.recvspace=65536 net.local.stream.recvspace=65536 net.local.stream.sendspace=65536 net.inet.tcp.hostcache.expire=1 From what I can tell, that looks to be a somewhat optimized profile for a typical BSD machine acting as a server for a LAN. I might be wrong and just wanted to find out from someone that knows BSD better than I do if indeed that is ok or if something is out of tune or what. Are there other ways I would find better for P2P file transfers? I honestly do not know what I SHOULD be looking for with respect to throughput between the NAS box and another client when xferring files via FTP, but I am told that what I get on average (40-70MB/sec) is too low for what it could be. I have thought about adding another NIC in the FreeNAS box as well as the Win7 machine and use a X-over cable via a static route, but wanted to check with someone first to see if that might be worth it or not. I don't know if doing that would bypass the HP GB switch and allow for a machine to machine xfer anyways. The FTP client I use is: Filezilla and have tried both active and passive modes with no real gain over each other. The NAS box runs ProFTPD.

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• Effecient organization of spare cables and hardware

  - by Jake Wharton

  As many of you also likely do, I have a growing collection of cables, hardware, and spare parts (screws, connectors, etc.). I'm looking to find a good system of organization so that everything isn't a tangled mess, mismatched, and potentially able to be damaged. Since the the three things listed above are all have varying sizes and degrees of delicacy this poises an interesting problem. Presently I have those cheap plastic storage bins you find at Wal-mart for everything. Cables that were once wrapped neatly have become tangled due to numerous "I know I have a cable for this" moments. Hardware is mixed in other bins with odds and ends with no protection from each other. NICs, CPUs, and HDDs are all interacting and likely causing damage. Finally there are stray parts sprinkled amongst these two both in plastic bags and loose. I'm looking to unify this storage into a controlled chaos. Here are my thoughts: Odds and ends are the easiest. Screws, connectors, and small electronic parts lend themselves perfectly to tackle boxes and jewelry boxes. Since these are usually dynamically compartmentalized I can adjust for the contents and label them on the outside or inside of the lid. Cables are easily wrangled with short velcro strips but that doesn't stop them from being all mixed in together. Hardware is the worst offender. Size, shape, and degree of delicacy changes with nearly every piece. I'm willing to sacrifice a bit of organization for a somewhat efficient manner. What are all your thoughts? What is the best type of tackle or jewelry box to use? Most of them are cheap and flimsy. Is there a better alternative? How can I organize cables to know exactly (within reason) where one is? What about associating cables with hardware (Wall adapter to router, etc.)? What kind of storage unit lends itself to all shapes of hardware? Do I need to separate by size or degree of delicacy for better organization?

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• Strange permission errors with Windows Server 2008

  - by Spirit

  I just don't know a better way to describe my issue that is driving me nuts. I am trying to establish a test domain with virtual machines on a box that has Win7 with VMwware workstation installed. The purpouse with this domain will be so that we can try and test different situations before they go into the production network. I build a VM with WinSrv2008R2 and I am using that VM as a template to make other servers for the domain by making clones of it. Now I raise a DC with one clone and a member server with another clone - I add the server to the domain. I am following a standard procedure as always (it is not my first domain). Then I make an admin account and I am adding the admin to be a member of the Domain and Enterprise Admins group. That admin is admin with full priviledges on the DC.. no problem there. But on the other server has ... somewhat half the privileges and I cant log in via RDP. I tryed with another account. Same issues. For example (with half the privileges): I can't open the Even Viewer if I go via Start - Administrative Tools - Event Viewer. But I can open the Even Viewer via the server manager. You can notice this on the image below. I mean WTF??? I am going crazy, I haven't experienced anything similar in my three years of expertise. I already lost 3 days troubleshooting this. Could this be related with the cloning? Perhaps if I make fresh installs of WinSrv2008 there won't be any problems? I've had raised test domains as VMs on other occasions before, and there weren't any problems then. This is VMware Workstation 8. I've made clones before, on Workstation 7 it didn't had any problems. Anyone has any ideas? UPDATE: This is the info from the event log when I try to access via RDP: An account failed to log on. Subject: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: - Account Domain: - Logon ID: 0x0 Logon Type: 3 Account For Which Logon Failed: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: pat.coleman Account Domain: lab Failure Information: Failure Reason: Domain sid inconsistent. Status: 0xc000006d Sub Status: 0xc000019b

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• grep simply fails when used on a few files

  - by Reid

  I've been trying for about the past 30 minutes to get this to work properly. grep is not exactly the most difficult thing to use, so I'm somewhat baffled as to why this won't work. The files I'm trying to use grep on are simple XHTML log files. Their names are in the format [email protected], though I don't think that should matter, and inside is simple XHTML. I copied one such log file to be testfile so you can see the output of some commands and why it's baffling to me: [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > whoami reid [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > type grep grep is /bin/grep [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > uname -a Linux reid-pc 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:32:27 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > head -1 /etc/issue Linux Mint 10 Julia [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > ls -Alh | grep testfile -rw-r--r-- 1 reid reid 63K 2011-01-10 12:45 testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > tail -3 testfile </body> </html> [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > file testfile testfile: XML document text [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep html testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep body testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep "</html>" testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep "</body>" testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > cat testfile | grep html [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > cat testfile | wc -l 231 [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > cat testfile | tail -3 </body> </html> [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > chmod a+rw testfile && ls -Alh | grep testfile -rw-rw-rw- 1 reid reid 63K 2011-01-10 12:45 testfile [~/.chatlogs_windows/dec] > grep html testfile That's what I'm attempting to do. I want to just use grep -ri query . in ~/.chatlogs_windows, which normally works perfectly for me... but for some reason, it completely fails at going through these files. If it matters, I copied these files off of my Windows 7 partition. But I chown'd them and gave myself all the appropriate permissions, and other programs (like cat) seem to read them just fine. I also copied testfile to testfile_unix and converted the line endings and tried that, but it didn't work either. I'm using zsh, but I tried it on bash and that failed too. Also, grep works normally: I tried it out on my documents folder and it worked flawlessly. If you need any more information, just let me know. I tried googling around, but I found no reason for grep to simply not work. Thanks in advance.

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• Apache won't serve images larger than ~2K

  - by dtbaker

  Hello, Just upgraded an old box to Ubuntu to 10.04.2 LTS. Apache will not display images to a browser that are over about 2K. Small images seem to display fine. Static HTML and PHP continues to works fine as well. Installed: apache2 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2-utils 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2.2-bin 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2.2-common 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 here is an ngrep of an image that doesn't display fine in the browser: T 192.168.0.4:32907 - 192.168.0.54:80 [AP] GET /path/path/logo.png HTTP/1.1..Host: 192.1 68.0.54..Connection: keep-alive..Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+ xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5..User-Ag ent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13..Accept-Enco ding: gzip,deflate,sdch..Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8..Accept- Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3.... T 192.168.0.54:80 - 192.168.0.4:32907 [A] HTTP/1.1 200 OK..Date: Wed, 09 Mar 2011 05:28:38 GMT..Server: Apa che/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)..Last-Modified: Tue, 05 Oct 2010 11:59:17 GMT ..ETag: "17b6f4-15fe-491dd63eb2f40"..Accept-Ranges: bytes..Conten t-Length: 5630..Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100..Connection: Keep -Alive..Content-Type: image/png.....PNG........IHDR...!...v...... .%.....sRGB.........bKGD..............pHYs.................tIME.. etc... This looks ok to me! I have tried firefox and chrome, both display small images fine but when a large image is requested the browser prompts to download the file. When the image file is saved to the local computer it is corrupt, it also takes a long time to save which makes me think the browser cannot see the content-length header sent from apache. Also when I look at the saved image file it includes the headers from apache, along with a bit of garbage at the top, like so: vi logo.png: ^@^UÅd^@$^]V^S^H^@E^@^Q,n!@^@@^F^@^@À¨^@6À¨^@^D^@P^Y¬rÇŹéw^P^@Ú^@^@^A^A^H ^@^GÝ^]^@pbSHTTP/1.1 200 OK^M Date: Wed, 09 Mar 2011 04:47:04 GMT^M Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)^M Last-Modified: Tue, 05 Oct 2010 11:59:17 GMT^M ETag: "17b6ff-157c-491dd63eb2f40"^M Accept-Ranges: bytes^M Content-Length: 5500^M Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=94^M Connection: Keep-Alive^M Content-Type: image/png^M ^M PNG^M etc... Any ideas? It's driving me nuts. There is nothing in apache error logs, and permissions are fine (because the image data is there, it's just somewhat corrupt). There's no proxy or iptables on this ubuntu box either. Thanks heaps!! Dave ps: just tried on IE from a different computer, same problem :( pps: rebooted server, no help.

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• Routing RFC1918 addresses through dd-wrt via a switch

  - by espenfjo

  I am a bit stuck with an experiment of mine. I have a network looking somewhat like this. | Internet | | ---- |Switch| ---- | | Server w/pub IP | DD-WRT router 192.168.1.1 | | RFC1918 clients 192.168.1.0/24 What I want is for the RFC1918 clients to speak directly with each others. On the server with the public IP I have this route: 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 scope link and can see that packets are infact reaching the dd-wrt router for 192.168.1.1, even though if I get no answer. Trying to reach one of the RFC1918 clients from the public IP server will get no result, as the dd-wrt router is not announcing that network on to its external interface (arp who-has 192.168.1.107 tell xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, but no answer). The router being an WLAN dd-wrt router has of course a load of routes, VLANs and interfaces: xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.244 84.215.64.0/18 dev vlan2 proto kernel scope link src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 169.254.0.0/16 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.255.1 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope link 0.0.0.0 via xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx being the public IP, and xxx.xxx.xxx.1 being the default route for the public IP. I am not sure where to continue with this. I would recon that I both need routing on the dd-wrt router, as well as some iptables magic? Why do something this complex? Why not ;) Also, do not mind that "Internet" can get RFC1918 traffic, it wont go outside of the walls. EDIT 1: Following the tip from stew I do indeed get the correct ARP flowing. And adding an iptables rule for allowing traffic from that specific public IPd machine I get traffic between the systems! Oddly enough though, the speed I get from Server w/pub IP - RFC1918 clients are the same as if the traffic were routed out onto the Internet and back. Edit 2: Ok, disconnecting the external Internet connection will still give the same, crappy transfer speed. So it has to be something else. Edit 3: Ok, I guess there are other reasons for this crappy speed. Case closed. :)

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• DCHP and Router load testing

  - by John H

  I manage a campground wifi network with an average of 10 - 60 active users. I have encountered issues where the router starts acting flaky (failing to assign DHCP or failing to pass traffic) without any clear warning (low cpu utilization, etc). I upgraded the router a couple times and ended up with a Netgear ProSafe VPN router that seems to be handling the traffic. The interesting thing is that the Netgear has lower specs than the Buffalo router it replaced, indicating the issue is with the DD-WRT firmware. While I'll be pursuing this issue on the dd-wrt forums, I need a way to test routers. My vision is having 1-2 computers connected on the LAN side and 1-2 computers connected on the WAN side. I want the LAN computers to be generating various type of traffic and connections, as well as requesting DCHP addresses. A few notes: The wireless aspect should be a non-issue. Most clients would connect to a wireless bridge and come into the router through a network cable. I had a monitoring server with Nagios running check_dhcp against the router. This server was connected directly by a network cable, eliminating wifi bridges and other devices from the equation. This question is somewhat related, but not exactly: Load testing wireless LANs I am going to look at IxChariot. While I'd ideally like to use a 1 computer on each side running Linux and preferably free software, I can entertain running Windows, multiple computers, or non-free software. Total bandwidth doesn't seem to be the issue. I can transfer large files all day. Even on the busiest days, the users seemed to only pull ~5Mbps. There is very little "LAN to LAN traffic" and most of it might never have reached the main router. The issue I need to test for seems to be tied to active users, or more appropriately, active sessions. I know active users or active clients is a meaningless term from a router standpoint and wouldn't mind having more appropriate terms to use. Summary: I need a way to test a routers ability in handling traffic from a large number of clients. My current strategy is to purchase a router, deploy it, and see how it fails in the live environment.

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• load-causing processes disappearing from "top" ps -o pcpu shows bogus numbers

  - by Alec Matusis

  I administer a large number of servers, and I have this problem only with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS: I run a server under normal load (say load average 3.0 on an 8-core server). The "top" command shows processes taking certain % of CPU that cause this load average: say PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 11008 mysql 20 0 25.9g 22g 5496 S 67 76.0 643539:38 mysqld ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 53.1 11008 , everything is consistent. The all of the sudden, the process causing the load average disappears from "top", but the process continues to run normally (albeit with a slight performance decrease), and the system load average becomes somewhat higher. The output of ps -o pcpu becomes bogus: # ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 317910278 1587 This happened to at least 5 different severs (different brand new IBM System X hardware), each running different software: one httpd 2.2, one mysqld 5.1, and one Twisted Python TCP servers. Each time the kernel was between 2.6.32-32-server and 2.6.32-40-server. I updated some machines to 2.6.32-41-server, and it has not happened on those yet, but the bug is rare (once every 60 days or so). This is from an affected machine: top - 10:39:06 up 73 days, 17:57, 3 users, load average: 6.62, 5.60, 5.34 Tasks: 207 total, 2 running, 205 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 11.4%us, 18.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.3%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 74341464k total, 71985004k used, 2356460k free, 236456k buffers Swap: 3906552k total, 328k used, 3906224k free, 24838212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 805 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 3 0.0 1493:09 fct0-worker 982 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 111:35.05 fioa-data-groom 914 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 884:42.71 fct1-worker 1068 root 20 0 19364 1496 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.02 top Nothing causing high load is showing on top, but I have two highly loaded mysqld instances on it, that suddenly show crazy %CPU: #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1587 %CPU PID CMD 317713124 1587 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld and #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1624 %CPU PID CMD 2802 1624 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld Here are the numbers from # cat /proc/1587/stat 1587 (mysqld) S 1212 1088 1088 0 -1 4202752 14307313 0 162 0 85773299069 4611685932654088833 0 0 20 0 52 0 3549 27255418880 5483524 18446744073709551615 4194304 11111617 140733749236976 140733749235984 8858659 0 552967 4102 26345 18446744073709551615 0 0 17 5 0 0 0 0 0 the 14th and 15th numbers according to man proc are supposed to be utime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). This includes guest time, guest_time (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so that applications that are not aware of the guest time field do not lose that time from their calculations. stime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). On a normal server, these numbers are advancing, every time I check the /proc/PID/stat. On a buggy server, these numbers are stuck at a ridiculously high value like 4611685932654088833, and it's not changing. Has anyone encountered this bug?

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• Chrome Problems on Windows 8

  - by Akshat Mittal

  There are a lot of problems with Chrome (24.0.1312.14 beta || But all this happened before update also) on Windows 8. Problems and explanations are listed below: Google Chrome re-draw time: When I switch tabs, the window retains the content of the previous tab and displays that even if I move my mouse, if only refreshes (re-draws) when there is a change on the webpage (like on hover) or I do a select all (or scroll). One thing to note is that the hover and select happens on the real page and not the retained image-like thing of the older webpage. Chrome is slow and laggy: Websites such as Facebook and Twitter (and more) have gone extremely laggy on Chrome (Win 8). When I was using Windows 7, I never experienced a lag or something. Also when using HTML-5 Websites, the transition (the -webkit-transition in CSS) goes extremely slow at times. Plugins Crash: Plugins like Flash Player, Shockwave Player, and more that are in-built into Chrome Crashes a lot, even when doing simple tasks like playing YouTube Videos, displaying ads or something. Chrome Crashes: Chrome has crashed over 100 times in the past month. Google Chrome just crashes randomly or I don't know the reason. Random Page crashes: Chrome results chrome://crash/(Copy-Paste this in address bar) on random pages even when the page is just loaded, I understand that this can happen on heavy HTML5 or JS websites but what about HTML only websites! Most of the things above happens on Super User also, Super User never had any problem when using Chrome on Windows 7. UPDATE 1: @magicandre1981 Commented for trying to disable Hardware Acceleration. I tried it, it somewhat solved the problem but din't fix it. I am still experiencing all the above issues but less frequently (maybe because Chrome Restarted Completely) UPDATE 2: @avirk asked me to try a Stable Version of Chrome and Firefox, I din't experience any lag in Firefox, a little (negligible) lag in Chrome 22 (Maybe because its a new copy of Chrome, I haven't used it much). Is anybody else experiencing such issues? Does anybody has a solution to any of these? Any Help is appreciated! Thank You!

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• How to get physical partition name from iSCSI details on Windows?

  - by Barry Kelly

  I've got a piece of software that needs the name of a partition in \Device\Harddisk2\Partition1 style, as shown e.g. in WinObj. I want to get this partition name from details of the iSCSI connection that underlies the partition. The trouble is that disk order is not fixed - depending on what devices are connected and initialized in what order, it can move around. So suppose I have the portal name (DNS of the iSCSI target), target IQN, etc. I'd like to somehow discover which volumes in the system relate to it, in an automated fashion. I can write some PowerShell WMI queries that get somewhat close to the desired info: PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_DiskPartition NumberOfBlocks : 204800 BootPartition : True Name : Disk #0, Partition #0 PrimaryPartition : True Size : 104857600 Index : 0 ... From the Name here, I think I can fabricate the corresponding name by adding 1 to the partition number: \Device\Harddisk0\Partition1 - Partition0 appears to be a fake partition mapping to the whole disk. But the above doesn't have enough information to map to the underlying physical device, unless I take a guess based on exact size matching. I can get some info on SCSI devices, but it's not helpful in joining things up (iSCSI target is Nexenta/Solaris COMSTAR): PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_SCSIControllerDevice __GENUS : 2 __CLASS : Win32_SCSIControllerDevice ... Antecedent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_SCSIController.DeviceID="ROOT\\ISCSIPRT\\0000" Dependent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_PnPEntity.DeviceID="SCSI\\DISK&VEN_NEXENTA&PROD_COMSTAR... Similarly, I can run queries like these: PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_TargetClass PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_PersistentDevices These guys return information relating to my iSCSI target name and the GUID volume name respectively (a volume name like \\?\Volume{guid-goes-here}), but the GUID volume name is no good to me, and there doesn't appear to be a reliable correspondence between the target name and the volume that I can join on. I simply can't find an easy way of getting from an IQN (e.g. iqn.1992-01.com.example:storage:diskarrays-sn-a8675309) to physical partitions mapped from that target. The way I do it by hand? I start Disk Management, and look for a partition of the correct size, verify that its driver says NEXENTA COMSTAR, and look at the disk number. But even this is unreliable if I have multiple iSCSI volumes of the exact same size. Any suggestions?

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• networked storage for a research group, 10-100 TB

  - by Marc

  this is related to this post: http://serverfault.com/questions/80854/scalable-24-tb-nas-for-research-department but perhaps a little more general. Background: We're a research lab of around 10 people who do a lot of experiments that involve taking pictures at one of several lab setups and then analyzing it an one of several lab computers. Each experiment may produce 2 or 3 GB of data, and we are generating data at the rate of about 10 TB/year. Right now, we are storing the data on a 6-bay netgear readynas pro, but even with 2 TB drive, this only gives us 10 TB of storage. Also, right now we are not backing up at all. Our short term backup plan is to get a second readynas, put it in a different building and mirror the one drive onto the other. Obviously, this is somewhat non-ideal. Our options: 1) We can pay our university $400/ TB /year for "backed up" online storage. We trust them more than we trust us, but not a whole lot. 2) We can continue to buy small NASs and mirror them between offices. One limit, although stupid, is that we don't have an unlimited number of ethernet jacks. 3) We can try to implement our own data storage solution, which is why I'm asking you guys. One thing to consider is that we're a very transient population and none of us are network administration experts. I will probably be here only another year or so, and graduate students, who are here the longest, have a 5-6 year time scale. So nothing can require expert oversight. Our data transfer rates are low - most of the data will just sit on the server waiting for someone to look at it once or twice - so we don't need a really high speed system. Given these contraints, can someone recommend a fairly low-cost, scalable, more or less turn key shared data storage system with backup in a separate physical location. Does such a thing exist or should we just pay the university to take care of it for us? As a second question, our professor just got tenure and is putting together a budget. Here the goal is to ask for as much as you can and hope you get a fraction of it. So the same question, minus the low-cost. Without budget constraints, can you recommend a scalable turn-key backed up storage system. Thanks

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• serving mp3s to mobile devices is flooding nginx with partial requests

  - by drumfire

  I am serving mp3s with a minimalistic nginx server. What I see in my log files is that there are a lot of requests, in particular from AppleCoreMedia and sometimes Android useragents, that flood the server with short requests. Sometimes they keep requesting to download the same partial content for a very long time; sometimes more than an hour. For example: "GET /somefile.mp3 HTTP/1.1" 206 33041 "AppleCoreMedia/1.0.0.9B206 (iPhone; U; CPU OS 5_1_1 like Mac OS X; en_us)" "GET /somefile.mp3 HTTP/1.1" 206 33041 "AppleCoreMedia/1.0.0.9B206 (iPhone; U; CPU OS 5_1_1 like Mac OS X; en_us)" "GET /somefile.mp3 HTTP/1.1" 206 33041 "AppleCoreMedia/1.0.0.9B206 (iPhone; U; CPU OS 5_1_1 like Mac OS X; en_us)" [...] I also get a lot, but not as much, of these: "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 400 0 "-" The IP addresses are always from clients that start downloading shortly after that request, usually they have roughly the same UserAgent as in the first example. emphasized text I have enabled server throttling and connection limits in nginx to limit the huge amount of log entries from equivalent IPs at least somewhat. There was a performance issue when I saw the same behaviour on the previous server that used Apache. I installed nginx on a better server then moved the site. When Apache could not handle more connections from the increasing number of clients effectively that server was ddossed. There was no bandwidth issue with already connected clients and I don't know if the already connected clients were using more than one connection at a time. Please tell me: Are clients that appear to get stuck on a download a Bad Thing™ I heard people say their mobile bandwidth use was much higher than they could account for. I'm thinking this type of client behaviour can account for that. And costs us more bandwidth too. Which up to date alternatives exist out there that can handle serving this type of data better than plain HTTP? Useful general insights for someone who just came into this field straight out of the late 90s. :-)

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• Mixed sessions with Classic ASP on IIS 7.5 and Windows 2008 R2 64 bit

  - by Marcin

  Recently had an issues with a server upgrade from IIS 6 on Windows 2003 to IIS 7.5 on Windows 2008 R2 64 bit. We have a number of websites running on Classic ASP. All the sites sit under a particular site, e.g. www.example.com/foo and www.example.com/foobar. On IIS 6 each site was set up as a virtual directory and things worked fine. Since moving to the new set up, a lot of websites seem to have mixed Sessions. To be clear, this is not a app pool recycling issue; rather the sessions are populated with information when the user hits the site and while browsing they get sessions from different sites. We've determined this based on - a few customers called up and reported having their shopping cart with items with names of items belonging to a different site - also our own testing showed that some queries being run would try to bring products in from a different site We've tried - disabling dynamic caching - converting each site to be a virtual application (if I understand correctly, the virtual directory/application concepts were changed/refined somewhat in IIS 7 although to be honest, I'm not clear what the difference is) - various application pool changes (using .NET 2 framework), classic and integrated modes, changing the Process model to NetworkIdentity), all to no avail. The only thing we haven't tried is changing it to run as a 32 bit application. We're not using http only cookies, so when I open up a browser and type document.cookie into the dev console in Firefox/Chrome/IE that there will be multiple ASPSESSIONID=... values whereas previously I believe there was only one. Finally, we use server side JScript for the classic ASP pages, not VBScript, so we have code similar to the below. //the user's login account as a jscript object Session("user") = { email : "[email protected]", id : 123 }; and if we execute a line of code like below: Response.Write( typeof(Session("user")) ); When things are running correctly, we get "object" - as expected. When the Session gets trashed, the output is "unknown" and we are also unable to access the fields within the JScript object (e.g. the .email or .id fields). Much appreciated if anyone can provide any pointers about how to resolve this, everything on google seems to point to different issues.

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• WSUS is not using Akamai CDN for syncronisation source

  - by Geekman

  I've just installed a WSUS onto our network, and I'm currently doing the initial sync. I've found that WSUS does not seem to be talking to an Akamai cache, but rather with MS directly. This is contrary to what I've always thought regarding Windows Update traffic. Tcpdump of our WSUS server doing initial sync... As you can see it's speaking with 65.55.194.221. For me to speak to this IP, I have to go over international transit links. Which is of course not ideal. 8:42:31.279757 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [.], seq 4379374:4380834, ack 289611, win 256, length 1460 18:42:31.279759 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [.], seq 4380834:4382294, ack 289611, win 256, length 1460 18:42:31.279762 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [.], seq 4382294:4383754, ack 289611, win 256, length 1460 18:42:31.279764 IP 65.55.194.221.https > XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888: Flags [P.], seq 4383754:4384144, ack 289611, win 256, length 390 18:42:31.279793 IP XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888 > 65.55.194.221.https: Flags [.], ack 4369154, win 23884, length 0 18:42:31.279888 IP XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888 > 65.55.194.221.https: Flags [.], ack 4377914, win 23884, length 0 18:42:31.280015 IP XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.50888 > 65.55.194.221.https: Flags [.], ack 4384144, win 23884, length 0 And yet, if I ping download.windowsupdate.com it seems to resolve to a local (national) Akamai node, just fine: root@some-node:~# ping download.windowsupdate.com PING a26.ms.akamai.net (210.9.88.48) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from a210-9-88-48.deploy.akamaitechnologies.com (210.9.88.48): icmp_req=1 ttl=59 time=1.02 ms 64 bytes from a210-9-88-48.deploy.akamaitechnologies.com (210.9.88.48): icmp_req=2 ttl=59 time=1.10 ms Why is this? And how can I change that (if possible)? I know that I can manually specify a WSUS source to sync with instead of pick the default MS Update like I currently have... But it seems like I shouldn't have to do this. NOTE: I've haven't confirmed if a WUA speaks with Akamai, just looking at WSUS as all WUAs will use our internal WSUS from now on. We'll be looking to join an IX shortly with the hopes of peering with an Akamai cache and have very fast access to Windows Updates. Before I let this drive my motivations for an IX at all I want to first confirm it's actually possible for WSUS to speak with an Akamai cache. I know this is somewhat networking related, but I feel like it has more to do with WSUS than anything, so someone who knows WSUS better than me will likely be able to figure this out.

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• Preventing 'Reply-All' to Exchange Distribution Groups

  - by Larold

  This is another question in a short series regarding a challenging Exchange project my co-workers have been asked to implement. (I'm helping even though I'm primarily a Unix guy because I volunteered to learn powershell and implement as much of the project in code as I could.) Background: We have been asked to create many distribution groups, say about 500+. These groups will contain two types of members. (Apologies if I get these terms wrong.) One type will be internal AD users, and the other type will be external users that I create Mail Contact entries for. We have been asked to make it so that a "Reply All" is not possible to any messages sent to these groups. I don't believe that is 100% possible to enforce for the following reasons. My question is - is my following reasoning sound? If not, please feel free to educate me on if / how things can properly be implemeneted. Thanks! My reasoning on why it's impossible to prevent 100% of potential reply-all actions: An interal AD user could put the DL in their To: field. They then click the '+' to expand the group. The group contains two external mail contacts. The message is sent to everyone, including those external contacts. External user #1 decides to reply-all, and his mail goes to, at least, external user #2, which wouldn't even involve our Exchange mail relays. An internal AD user could place the DL in their Outlook To: field, then click the '+' button to expand the DL. They then fire off an email to everyone that was in the group. (But the individual addresses are listed in the 'To:' field.) Because we now have a message sent to multiple recipients in the To: field, the addresses have been "exposed", and anyone is free to reply-all, and the messages just get sent to everyone in the To: field. Even if we try to set a Reply-To: field for all of these DLs, external mail clients are not obligated to abide by it, or force users to abide by it. Are my two points above valid? (I admit, they are somewhat similar.) Am I correct to tell our leadership "It is not possible to prevent 100% of the cases where someone will want to Reply-All to these groups UNLESS we train the users sending emails to these groups that the Bcc: field is to be used at all times." I am dying for any insight or parts of the equation I'm not seeing clearly. Thank you!!!

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• How to enjoy DVD on Apple iPad

  - by user44251

  I believe many people spent a sleepless night yesterday waiting for the new Apple Tablet to come, just a few days ago or perhaps longer I noticed fierce debate about it, its name, size, capacity, processor, main features, price etc. And now, they can take a long breath with the new Apple Tablet named iPad officially released on 28, January, 2010 (Beijing Time). But I know a new battle just begins. iPad, sounds somewhat like iPod and it really shares some similarities in terms of shape like smart, light and portable. It has a 9.7-inch, LED-backlit, IPS display with a remarkable precise Multi-Touch screen. And yet, at just 1.5 lbs and 0.5 inches thin, it's easy to carry and use everywhere. It can greatly facilitates your experience with the web, emails, photos and videos. Right now, it can run almost 140.000 of the apps on the Apple store. It can even run the apps you have downloaded for your iPhone or iPod touch. But so far, I haven't seen any possibility that it can work with DVD, probability there is no built-in DVD-ROM or DVD player which can play DVD directly. As Apple iPad states, the video formats supported are MPEG-4 (MP4, M4V), H.264, MOV etc and audio formats accepted are AAC, Proteceted AAC, MP3, AIFF and WAV etc, those are formats that are commonly used with iMac. This could really a hard nut to crack if you want to watch your favourite DVD on this magic Apple iPad. But don't worry, there is still way out, you just need a few steps for ripping and importing DVD movies to Apple iPad with a simple application DVD to iPad converter What's on DVD to iPad Converter for Mac DVD to iPad converter for Mac is a powerful and professional application designed for the newly released Apple iPad which can rip, convert your DVD contents to Apple iPad compatible MPEG-4 (MP4, M4V), H.264, MOV etc, and other popular file formats like AVI, WMV, MPG, MKV, VOB, 3GP, FLV etc can also be converted so that you can put on your portable devices like iPod, iPhone, iRiver, BlackBerry etc. Besides, it can also extract audio from DVD videos and save as MP3, AIFF, AAC, WAV etc. Mac DVD to iPad converter has also been enhanced that can run both on PowerPC and Intel (Snow Leopard included). It can offer versatile editing features which allows you to make your own DVD videos. For example, you can cut your DVD to whatever length you like by Trim, crop off unwanted parts from DVD clips by Crop, add special effect like Gray, Emboss and Old film to make your videos more artistic. Besides, its built-in merging feature and batch mode allows you to join several DVD clips into a single one and do batch conversion. And more features can be expected if you afford a few minutes to try.

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• Start a software company offshore

  - by Mascarpone

  Hello Everybody, I own a small, very young, EU based (Italy) company, and among other things, we sell IT solutions. I have a degree in applied mathematics, and I mainly deal with user interfaces, embedded systems, automation and web applications. You can say that I'm an enlightened entrepreneur because I work only with open source software (OS, IDE, I release under BSD , ... everything is free as in freedom), I give high importance to post sales services and customer satisfaction, plus I think I'm the best boss someone could desire (LOL), as I have google in mind when I think about IT workers rights. But the most beautiful thing is that, although everybody advised us not to use open source, is that we are quite profitable!!! (for the sixth trimester in a row). Now I offshore most of the work to an Indian company. I divide the work in modules and I outsource the longer or more trivial ones. I spend a lot of time defining the specifications and I leave the hard work to them. Using productivity bonuses, a lot of prototypes and third-party audits I think that my software has reached a very good quality level. I would like to start my own software development company, in order to improve control over process and cut costs. Obviously I can't afford the cost of labor in the EU, so I thought about opening a company in Asia. What I need Is: 1) Cheap labor - I can afford to give productivity bonuses and higher than average wages and stay profitable just because labor is cheap. 2) Many talents - I need a good level of tertiary education, and a good number of graduates, so I can hire junior developers and train and teach them according to my needs and philosophies (e.g.: open source mind) 3) Good infrastructure - buildings, transport, internet, .... everything that a company might need. I thought about 3 possible candidates: 1) India - I already work with indian people, I know that they are realiable and speak a good english. Big cities are too expensive, but maybe a small city like lucknow http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow could suits my needs. 2) China - They say it's cheaper than India, but I everytime I worked with a chineese company the language was a big barrier. They work hard, are somewhat skilled and cheap but maybe it's a risky path. Plus I feel a little uncofortable with their lack of human rights. 3) Philippines - Same as china: cheaper than india, but maybe less educated. Where do you think it's the best place to start a software company? Any reading or book to advise? thank you very much

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• Cannot Send Item error in Outlook - permissions to registry?

  - by Tim Alexander

  The issue I am trying to solve is to do with users getting a Cannot Send Item error in Outlook 2007 connecting to Exchange 2007. Basically if there is an image in the email (either one they have pasted in or one from another email in the chain) they get a "Cannot Send Item" error. Initially thought it was a citrix issue but users get it when they RDP to a server as well. Changing the message to Rich Text works 80% of the time but I do not think this is a solution but more of a temporary workaround. After some troubleshooting we found that the error can be fixed by adding the user as a member of the local power users group. of course this is not really a fix. My thoughts were that the ability of a power user to add/remove software may give them more access to the registry which might allow them to get round a restriction that is in place for a normal user. I have tried going through a procmon but the wealth of information is confusing. It initially looked like it may be an Outlook 2007 email security setting but this does not change between power user and normal user (set to 1 in the registry, "Use the security setting from Outlook Security Settings Public Folders"). I am struggling to fine tune my troubleshooting to work out exactly what is blocking it. Has anyone had an experience with an error similar to this? Or are there any tips for trying to track down issues via procmon as I must admit my approach seems somewhat lacking :) EDIT: So I have trawled through the two logs we have from process monitor (one as a power user and one a normal user). annoyingly I can find no obvious difference where something is denied access. There are more access denied events in the normal user log but these are quickly followed by sucessful entries to the same path fractions of a second later. The only thing that does stand out is an access denied to HKCR.html. This does not even appear in the power user version of the log. From what I understand this helps determine the default browser which ties in nicely with the fact that 9 out of 10 times you can send the message as Rich Text. EDIT: Looks like KB2509470 was causing the issue. Not really sure why but when I can work out what it does and why it causes the problem will post here unless anyone beats me to it!

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• Use an audio/video file from a Linux laptop via USB to be played by Magic Sing ET-23H

  - by AisIceEyes

  I am one of the technical directors of a regular karaoke contest event. For the karaoke contest itself, due to tight budget, we are using what one of the sponsors are providing - Magic Sing ET-23H . The video output of the Magic Sing ET-23H are broadcasted at two big screens that are being shown to the audience and event attendees. When a karaoke contestant provides his / her karaoke video, the video itself is in a readable USB flashdrive and is attached to the USB input of Magic Sing ET-23H. What really bugs me is that the interface of Magic Sing ET-23H are also being broadcasted at the big screen video feeds. The interface of choosing the video file is being seen in the Magic Sing ET-23H - also to the big video screens that are seen by the audience and event goers. I will post in the comments ( if my less than 10 reputation would allow me) the picture of Magic Sing ET-23KH USB input of the device. I always bring my laptop, Acer AS5742-7653, during the regular karaoke event. I'm using my laptop also for tallying of scores from the judges, and also playing audio files from contestants that did not provide a karaoke video. I personally am using different Linux distros, but I next to all the time use my Ubuntu Studio 12.04.3 64bit partition during the regular karaoke contest event. My question is this: Is there a way I can share a temporary video/audio file directly from the laptop I'm using, going to the Magic Sing ET-23H that can broadcast both the video/audio file? Just like how in Window's Avisynth AVS files, or VirtualDub's temporary avi file, or like using ffplay (of ffmpeg), etc. I have researched somewhat the matter and found links in SuperUser.com. Though I can only provide the links at the comments section of this post if my reputation of less than 10 would allow me. I have a hunch it is possible, but I have not fully understood the device being used at the event, Magic Sing ET-23H, if there are other ways for it to broadcast video and audio files besides its USB input. Any help to my current predicament is highly appreciated. Thank you. PS: Since I need at least 10 reputation to post more than 2 links and also post images, I will try to post the image & links at the comments (if my below 10 reputation would allow me).

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• Running an rsync sweep before initializing lsyncd for synchronizing instances on EC2

  - by chrisallenlane

  My company uses several EC2 servers that will scale up and down according to the load we're receiving on our sites at any given moment. For the sake of our discussion here, we're running four instances: master.ourdomain.com - the file syncing "hub" of the webservers www1/www2/www3.ourdomain.com - three webservers which turn on or off as dictated by load I'm using lsyncd to keep all of the webservers in sync, and for the most part, it's working quite well. We're using a two-way syncing scheme, such that each webserver syncs against master, and master syncs against each webserver. Thus, the webservers are kept in sync, even though they aren't syncing against each other directly. I'm having one problem that I'm having a hard time solving,though. It occurs under these circumstances: When changes are made on master (perhaps after we've pushed new code), while some of the redundant webservers are sleeping And then a sleeping webserver wakes-up to absorb load Under that circumstance, I would like the following to happen: First, the newly-awoken webserver should sync its file structure - one way - against master, to bring its web application code up-to-date. Then, and only then, should it begin pushing changes in its file structure back to master. Unfortunately, currently, when a sleeping server is started, when lsyncd starts up, it pushes changes back to master before updating its own codebase, thus overwriting new code with old. Thus, before lsyncd starts, I'd like to be able to synchronize the webservers code against master's, perhaps by running a simple one-way rsync against the two machines. We're running lsyncd v.2, and I've tried to make this happen by using the "bash" configuration options documented in the lsyncd manual. My configuration file looks like this: settings = { logfile = "/home/user/log/lsyncd/log.txt", statusFile = "/home/user/log/lsyncd/status.txt", maxProcesses = 2, nodaemon = false, } bash = { onStartup = "rsync [email protected]:/home/user/www /home/user/www" } sync{ default.rsyncssh, source="/home/user/www/", host="[email protected]", targetdir="/home/user/www/", rsyncOpts="-ltus", excludeFrom="/home/user/conf/lsyncd/exclude" } (I've obviously redacted that file somewhat to protect the identities of the guilty.) Simply put, though, this just isn't working. How else might I approach this problem? I was looking at the --delete-after option in man rsync, but I don't think that does what I'm looking for. Are there any suggestions about how I should approach this problem? Thanks for lending your time and expertise. Chris

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• OpenVPN multiple servers on the same subnet, high availability

  - by andre

  Hey everyone. Let me start by saying that my Linux experience isn't super awesome but I can usually find my way around things easily. Over at work we have an OpenVPN setup that's been due for some improvement for a while now. The main server (tap mode) runs in our office, behind a rather slow DSL connection. The main problem is that, since I'm usually out of the office, every time I want to access something on the virtual network I have to go through that server to get anywhere else. We have two servers up on 100 Mbit connections that we use for development and production purposes, about 3 more servers in the office (one of them behind a different T1 line for VOIP) and about two dozen clients who use the network on a daily basis from various locations. We've had situations where network routing (outside of our control) would not allow people to reach our main OpenVPN server whilst the other locations were connectable. Also any time someone outside the office wants to fetch something from any of the servers (say, a 500 MB code repository), a whopping 20 KB/s download speed is just unacceptable these days (did I mention slow DSL? ok). We had to implement traffic shaping on this server since maxing out this connection was fairly trivial. I had the thought of running two (or more) OpenVPN servers in the network. These would have to have the same subnet though, as our application relies on virtual network's IP addresses for some of its core functionality. The clients would also preferably retain the same IP addresses but that's not vital. For simplicity, lets call the current server office and the second server I'm setting up, cloud. Call the server on the T1 phone. This proved to be rather complex because as soon as I connect to cloud, I cannot see office. Any routes to a server that would go through office also do not work while I'm connected to cloud (no ping, nothing) and vice-versa. There's no rules for iptables that would be blocking the traffic either. Recently I came across this article on linuxjournal but the solution they provide seems to only cover the use of two servers and somewhat outdated (can't even find much documentation, their wiki is offline). They also state that adding more servers would be a complex task. Ideally I would like to keep the existing server office running the virtual network and also run the OpenVPN daemon on the cloud and phone servers (100 Mbit and very reliable connection, respectively) so that we're on safe ground in case of a hardware failure, DSL failure, etc. So, in essence, I'm looking for a highly available OpenVPN solution (fix, patch, hack, tweak, whatever you want to call it) that will accept connections on multiple hosts (2 or more) whilst keeping the same IP address subnet regardless of the server to which you connect to. Thanks for reading and sorry for the long post, I hope it gets the point across :P

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• Synchronize the same set of files to 2 different locations with 2 different programs for 2 different purposes

  - by Hedgetrimmer

  Because of stupid questionable IT policies at my not-to-be-named place of occupation, I have been (and will be, for the forseeable future) carrying on an external hard drive a unison-synchronized copy of all of my documents and code, including code which resides in some of my "dotfiles" and other code which resides in ~/bin (things I've made are there because ~/bin is in my $PATH) along with some cruft generated (and to be generated) by conscript and its related "giter8" templating system for Scala project boilerplates. Despite this, I do use a symlinking program to store all of my important dotfiles in a subdirectory. Thanks to that somewhat complicated setup, I have resorted to making a directory full of symlinks to every directory (or file, as is the case with stuff under ~/bin) that I want synchronized, and then follow = True is in my unison profile. It happens to be that this collection of odds and ends—plus an automatically-generated text file containing every package installed on my system—is everything under ~ that needs to be backed up to a remote (rsync-over-ssh) host with client-side encryption and signing from GPG. I already believe that duplicity is the most appropriate program to do that. What isn't as clear-cut is how to make duplicity use the exact same set of files when it runs a backup; it would be simple if duplicity would follow symlinks, but it does not and the manpage lists no option for enabling any such behavior. Comparing unison's file selection algorithm to duplicity's, I don't think I can write a program that could compute a ruleset for one program given one for the other. For the record, I would rather not keep the symlinks manually synchronized with duplicity file-selection rules, as they can change thanks to the above-mentioned complications regarding ~/bin. I don't think running duplicity on the external hard disk is such a good idea either; I usually keep that hard disk unmounted and unplugged in case of a power failure or other physical problem with the computer, plus I'm not sure about duplicity's performance given that: the hard disk is NTFS-formatted in order to be useable at my Windows-imprisoned place of occupation. despite being a USB 3.0 disk, my computer has no USB 3.0 ports so it acts as a USB 2.0 disk. How can I have duplicity (or is there a better program that I have overlooked?) back up the exact same set of files that is bidirectionally synchronized with my external hard disk?

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• cd Command Linux and Mystery Flags

  - by Jason R. Mick

  Platform: CentOS 6.2 Shell:tcsh I'm playing around with cd for a BASH script, and noticed the wondrous cd - option, but was left with many questions... Why the cd -? Isn't this redundant with cd ..? EDIT [As FatalError points out, these two commands don't do the same things... so the answer is "no"] Can you delve farther back into your history with - flag, a la in a browser? e.g. When I type cd -, it takes me to my previous directory, but then if I enter that command again, it takes me to the directory I just came from, creating a sort of loop. Is a shorthand for going back multiple levels supported?EDITI realize I can go back with cd .., but was hoping this could be a gateway to a less verbose deep back, e.g. cd -3 vs. cd ../../../ ... hopefully that clarifies what I'm asking....EDIT2As to the current feedback, while .. is a special directory, I don't see a reason why the built-in cd to the terminal couldn't use a shorthand for ../../ ... ../ e.g. cd ..5 or why the built-in also couldn't have a history (a la auto pushd/popd) that could be turned on and used like cd -3. I get that this could be somewhat of security/privacy risk, but I don't see how it's any worst than storing a command history, which most shells/terminals do. The manpage for cd, accessible via man cd and help cd (it's the same for either command), only lists -L and -P flags. However when I type in cd --help it outputs Usage: cd [-plvn][-|<dir>].. Am I right in assuming the other flags and the - (back) option are nonstandard? What are the -n and -v flags for? Both seem to take me back to my home directory, that's all I've been able to figure out via experimentation. A quick read on web resources [1][2] offered just the same sort of info that the man page did and didn't answer my questions. Note: The second Linux-centric resource above claimed cd only had two options (obviously not true in current CentOS) hence my assumption that this functionality could be non-standard.

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• VirtualBox Port Forward not working when Guest IP *IS* specified (while doc says opposite)

  - by Patrick

  Trying to port forward from host (Mac OS X) 127.0.0.1:8282 - guest (CentOS)'s 10.10.10.10:8080. Existing port forwards include 127.0.0.1:8181 and 9191 to guest without any IP specified (so whatever it gets through DHCP, as explained in the documentation). Here is how the non-working binding was added: VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule3,tcp,127.0.0.1,8282,10.10.10.10,8080" Here is how the working ones were added: VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule1,tcp,127.0.0.1,8181,,80" VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule2,tcp,127.0.0.1,9191,,9090" And by "non-working", I of course mean not listening (as a prerequisite to forwarding): $ lsof -Pi -n|grep Virtual|grep LISTEN VirtualBo 27050 user 21u IPv4 0x2bbdc68fd363175d 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9191 (LISTEN) VirtualBo 27050 user 22u IPv4 0x2bbdc68fd0e0af75 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:8181 (LISTEN) There should be a similar line above but with 127.0.0.1:8282. Just to be clear, this port is listening perfectly fine on the guest itself. And when I remove the guest IP (i.e., clear the 10.10.10.10) the forward works fine, albeit to eth0 (not eth1 where I need it). I can tcpdump and watch the traffic flow back and forth. And yes, I've disabled iptables entirely while testing -- it's not getting blocked anywhere on the guest. As VirtualBox writes in their documentation, you are required to specify the guest IP if it's static (makes sense, no DHCP record it keeps): "If for some reason the guest uses a static assigned IP address not leased from the built-in DHCP server, it is required to specify the guest IP when registering the forwarding rule:". However, doing so (as I need to), seems to break the port forward with nary a report in any log file I can find. (I've reviewed everything in ~/Library/VirtualBox/). Other notes: While I used the above command to add the third rule, I've also verified it showed up correctly in GUI and then removed/re-added from there just to make sure). This forum link -- while very dated -- looks somewhat related in that a port forward to a static IP was not appearing (perhaps they think due to lack of gratuitous arp being sent for host to know IP is there/avail?). Anyway, what gives? Is this still buggy? Any suggestions? If not, easy enough workarounds? What's interesting is that this works perfectly fine on another user's Mac, however he's running a slightly older version (4.3.6 v. 4.3.12).

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• Local dns for testing websites using mobile devices

  - by Morpheu5

  Hi. I have no idea where to start from so sorry in advance if this topic has already been discussed. I usually develop web sites using my laptop as a development server, and recently I needed to test a web site using various mobile devices that can connect via wifi. Having no real AP, I set up a ad-hoc network using my laptop's wireless card and the devices can correctly browse the Internet and access the laptop's web server. The setup is as follows: subnet: 192.168.1.0/24 gateway to the Internet (wired adsl router/modem): 192.168.1.1 laptop: 192.168.1.64 (eth0, wired if connected to the gateway) and 192.168.1.32 (eth1, wifi if somewhat bridged to eth0) mobile devices (same for all, I only use one of them at any time for simplicity): 192.168.1.11 with default gw 192.168.1.1 Now, if I open either 192.168.1.32 or 192.168.1.64 from the mobile devices, I correctly get the default host of my Apache configuration. However I usually work with virtual hosts for many practical reasons, one of which being Drupal's peculiar implementation of multi-sites. For those who don't know how this works, Drupal takes the request's hostname and searches into its sites/ subdirectories for an appropriate configuration file. So, for example, suppose I request www.example.com, then Drupal would search for a config file in the following directories: sites/www.example.com/ sites/example.com/ sites/com/ sites/default/ So I decided to adopt the following style of virtual hosts: if the website I'm working on will be accessible using www.example.com I set up a sites/www.example.com/ directory and create a virtual host for local.www.example.com so Drupal have no trouble finding it. I've been told this is suboptimal from a dns point of view since I'd have to create an authoritative entry for example.com and turn Bind on only when I'm supposed to access the local copy, which is weird. However, if this is the only path I can follow, I still have some problems with Bind's configuration, as I couldn't find any guide that tells me in a clear, noob-friendly way, how to set up such an entry. On the other hand, I was wondering if I could set up an authoritative entry for local, so I could access www.example.com.local and tell in some way (which I don't even know if this is possible) Apache to put www.example.com instead of www.example.com.local in the relevant environment variable. Anyway, I have a last problem, sort of: when I launch Bind in debug mode with high verbosity, and make 192.168.1.32 as the primary dns for the devices, the output doesn't say anything about requests being made from the devices to Bind, so I'm not even sure it comes into play. As you can see, I'm a complete noob at these matters, but I'm eager to learn, so any help/pointer will be appreciated.

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