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  • Building NanoBSD inside a jail

    - by ptomli
    I'm trying to setup a jail to enable building a NanoBSD image. It's actually a jail on top of a NanoBSD install. The problem I have is that I'm unable to mount the md device in order to do the 'build image' part. Is it simply not possible to mount an md device inside a jail, or is there some other knob I need to twiddle? On the host /etc/rc.conf.local jail_enable="YES" jail_mount_enable="YES" jail_list="build" jail_set_hostname_allow="NO" jail_build_hostname="build.vm" jail_build_ip="192.168.0.100" jail_build_rootdir="/mnt/zpool0/jails/build/home" jail_build_devfs_enable="YES" jail_build_devfs_ruleset="devfsrules_jail_build" /etc/devfs.rules [devfsrules_jail_build=5] # nothing Inside the jail [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# sysctl security.jail security.jail.param.cpuset.id: 0 security.jail.param.host.hostid: 0 security.jail.param.host.hostuuid: 64 security.jail.param.host.domainname: 256 security.jail.param.host.hostname: 256 security.jail.param.children.max: 0 security.jail.param.children.cur: 0 security.jail.param.enforce_statfs: 0 security.jail.param.securelevel: 0 security.jail.param.path: 1024 security.jail.param.name: 256 security.jail.param.parent: 0 security.jail.param.jid: 0 security.jail.enforce_statfs: 1 security.jail.mount_allowed: 1 security.jail.chflags_allowed: 1 security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0 security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0 security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1 security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 0 security.jail.jail_max_af_ips: 255 security.jail.jailed: 1 [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# mdconfig -l md2 md0 md1 md0 and md1 are the ramdisks of the host. bsdlabel looks sensible [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# bsdlabel /dev/md2s1 # /dev/md2s1: 8 partitions: # size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg] a: 1012016 16 4.2BSD 0 0 0 c: 1012032 0 unused 0 0 # "raw" part, don't edit newfs runs ok [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# newfs -U /dev/md2s1a /dev/md2s1a: 494.1MB (1012016 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4 cylinder groups of 123.55MB, 7907 blks, 15872 inodes. with soft updates super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 253184, 506208, 759232 mount fails [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# mount /dev/md2s1a _.mnt/ mount: /dev/md2s1a : Operation not permitted UPDATE: One of my colleagues pointed out There are some file systems types that can't be securely mounted within a jail no matter what, like UFS, MSDOFS, EXTFS, XFS, REISERFS, NTFS, etc. because the user mounting it has access to raw storage and can corrupt it in a way that it will panic entire system. From http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg160389.html So it seems that the standard nanobsd.sh won't run inside a jail while it uses the md device to build the image. One potential solution I'll try is to chroot from the host into the build jail, rather than jexec a shell.

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  • How do I usb tether my Cyanogen modded G1's internet connection to my Toshiba Tecra 8000 running Xub

    - by atticus
    I have usb-tethering enabled in my phone. It works fine with Vista. When I plug my phone into my Tecra 8000 laptop running Xubuntu, dmesg shows: "usb 1-1: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 8". I see that the OS has detected it as a storage device, but I can't get it to function correctly as a network device. /dev/us* shows no usb0, but it does show /dev/usbdev1.1_ep00 /dev/usbdev1.1_ep81 /dev/usbdev1.8_ep00 ... usbdev1.8_ep83.

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  • OpenVPN - Windows 8 to Windows 2008 Server, not connecting

    - by niico
    I have followed this tutorial about setting up an OpenVPN Server on Windows Server - and a client on Windows (in this case Windows 8). The server appears to be running fine - but it is not connecting with this error: Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Warning: cannot open --log file: C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\log\my-laptop.log: Access is denied. (errno=5) Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 OpenVPN 2.3.2 x86_64-w64-mingw32 [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [IPv6] built on Jun 3 2013 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Need hold release from management interface, waiting... Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'log all on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold off' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[65536->65536] S=[65536->65536] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]66.666.66.666:9999 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374494945,WAIT,,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS handshake failed Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374495005,RECONNECTING,tls-error,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 Restart pause, 2 second(s) Note I have changed the IP and port no (it uses a non-standard port for security reasons). That port is open on the hardware firewall. The server logs are showing a connection attempt from my client: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]118.68.xx.xx:65011, sid=081af4ed xxxxxxxx Mon Jul 22 14:19:15 2013 118.68.xx.xx:65011 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) How can I problem solve this & find the problem? Thx Update - Client config file: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote 00.00.00.00 1194 ;remote 00.00.00.00 9999 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.key" # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 Server config file: ################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local 00.00.00.00 # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. std 1194 port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.key" # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\dh2048.pem" # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). ;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" # Uncomment this directive to allow differenta # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nobody # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I have changed IP's for security

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  • How to change the sender of admin mails on a Linux server

    - by Cédric Girard
    Hi, I am sure it is a dumb question, but I want to change the sender of mails sended by my Linux server (centos 5). All mails sent to user "dev" are forwarded via a /home/dev/.forward file, with this sender : [email protected]. host.mydomain.fr is the hostname of this server, but it's an internal server and it does not even have a public IP. How to have a sender like [email protected]? I try to change the "official domain name" (line begining by "Dj" but it change nothing). Regards Cédric

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  • Help creating image from LVM

    - by jackhab
    I need to duplicate CentOS hard drive image for multiple stations. The HD has the following layout: Disk /dev/sdb: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot 2 107MB 250GB 250GB primary lvm I saved /dev/sdb1 to file with fsarchiver but for sdb2 I get: /fsarchiver savefs an2.fsa /dev/sdb2 oper_save.c#1006,filesystem_mount_partition(): can't detect and mount filesystem of partition [/dev/sdb2], cannot continue. removed an2.fsa Although fsarchiver probe simple correctly detects sdb2 as LVM2_member. Is fsarchiver correct tool for this job? What's wrong? I'm on Ubuntu 9.1 with fsarchiver 0.6.8 and lvm tools installed. Thanks.

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  • Help creating image from LVM

    - by jackhab
    I need to duplicate CentOS hard drive image for multiple stations. The HD has the following layout: Disk /dev/sdb: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot 2 107MB 250GB 250GB primary lvm I saved /dev/sdb1 to file with fsarchiver but for sdb2 I get: /fsarchiver savefs an2.fsa /dev/sdb2 oper_save.c#1006,filesystem_mount_partition(): can't detect and mount filesystem of partition [/dev/sdb2], cannot continue. removed an2.fsa Although fsarchiver probe simple correctly detects sdb2 as LVM2_member. Is fsarchiver correct tool for this job? What's wrong? I'm on Ubuntu 9.1 with fsarchiver 0.6.8 and lvm tools installed. Thanks.

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  • /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs using up disk space

    - by Keyo
    Running Ubuntu 10.04 and nearly all my drive space is gone. # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 7.3G 6.6G 327M 96% / none 245M 240K 244M 1% /dev none 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm none 249M 340K 249M 1% /var/run none 249M 0 249M 0% /var/lock none 249M 0 249M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda1 228M 34M 183M 16% /boot Of course it's not mounted. I read that chmod 0 /sbin/debugfs could fix the problem, but now it just won't mount despite changing the permission to 777. This is a VM running on VirtualBox. I have done a file system check which ran fine. What is this directory and how can I remove it from the system?

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  • How do I mount a raid disk

    - by Devator
    So I screwed up my grub.conf file on a CentOS system and I'm in recovery right now (it's only a test dedicated server). My disks are /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 (RAID 1). Now I need to mount /dev/sda1 and make changes to the grub file, however those changed need to be reflected on the second disk aswell. How do I mount these RAID disks? I can mount one using mount -t ext3however it will damage the RAID array.

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  • Creating a USB stick for installing centos 6.x using DVD1 and DVD2 iso files

    - by user250563
    First, we create 2 partitions on the USB stick that is let's say 16GB. first partition is let's say only 1GB and the second partition is the rest of what is available. after we "w" write the changes, the USB now has 2 partitions. 1 is 1GB 1 is more than 14GB so , we have... sdb1 and sdb2 now. now we need to turn these partitions into filesystems some say i should run these commands after those procedures. mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 but some web pages recommend using: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext2 -m 0 -b 4096 -L DATA /dev/sdb2 which is it? so let's say the DVDs are called: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso so we make a directory: mkdir -p /mnt/dvd1 and then mount it: mount -o loop CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /mnt/dvd1 and i suppose we don't make a directory for dvd2 and we don't have to mount it ? at this point i do not know what should be done. but i think this step might be next: we make the USB bootable by finding the file named mbr.bin and then moving it to there via these commnad. dd conv=notrunc bs=440 count=1 if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/sdb parted /dev/sdb set 1 boot on in other words we are "dd-ing it to 'sdb' not sdb1' or 'sdb2'. and then we use parted to set the boot to on for sdb so far everything looks good? here is the confusing parts.. how exactly do i move these iso files to the usb drive? EVERYTHING BELOW IS A GUESS. so at this point i should copy the folder /mnt/dvd1/isolinux to usb's sdb1 or sdb2 ? rename it to syslinux ? and then inside this syslinux folder there will be a file called... isolinux.cfg ? which should be renamed to syslinux.cfg ? and then copy the contents of /mnt/dvd1/images/* to USB's sdb2 ? but i think i am also suppose to copy and paste the both CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso somewhere into this USB's sdb2 partition, correct ? almost like a drag and drop kind of a thing? or do they go into any folders ? centos' own web site has some instructions but those instructions do not work. http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/InstallFromUSBkey i once got this working but things got ruined, i have to do it again and this time take notes.

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  • Resizing Partitions on Live RHEL/cPanel Server

    - by Timothy R. Butler
    I've resized many partitions over the years on Linux, Windows and Mac OS X -- but always using a GUI. However, the time has come where the preset partition sizes my data center placed on my server aren't the right sizes and I need to resize a production server's disks. I could fiddle with it and probably do OK, but given that it is a production server, I wanted to get some advice about the right way to do this. I do have KVM over IP access, so if it is best to take the server offline and boot off a rescue partition, I can do that. root [/var/lib/mysql]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.9G 2.1G 7.3G 23% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 77M 18M 82% /boot /dev/sda8 884G 463G 376G 56% /home /dev/sda3 9.9G 8.0G 1.5G 85% /usr /dev/sda5 9.9G 9.1G 308M 97% /var /usr/tmpDSK 2.0G 38M 1.8G 3% /tmp As you can see /var and /usr are quite close to being full and I've actually had to symlink some logs on /usr to directories in /home to balance things out. What I would like to do is to add 6-10 GB each to /usr and /var, presumably taking the space from /home. As I think about how the disk is arranged, the best thought I've come up with is to reduce /home by 16 GB, say, and move /var to the spot freed up, then allocating /var's space to /usr. However, that would put /var at the far end of the disk, which seems less than idea, given that MySQL has all of its data on that partition. I'd love to take the space out of the closer end of /usr, but I assume that would take a very arduous (and perhaps risky) process of moving all of the data in /usr around. I seem to recall having such a process fail for me on a computer in the past. The other option might be to merge / and /usr since / is underutilized, though I'm not sure if that's a good idea. Do you have any suggestions both on the best reallocation plan and the commands to use to accomplish it? UPDATE: I should add -- here's the partition table. There's one unused partition, which, if memory serves, was the original tmp location before I created a tmp image: Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Unusable 1.05* sda1 Boot Primary Linux ext2 106.96* sda2 Primary Linux ext3 10737.42* sda3 Primary Linux ext3 10737.42* sda5 NC Logical Linux ext3 10738.47* sda6 NC Logical Linux swap / Solaris 2148.54* sda7 NC Logical Linux ext3 1074.80* sda8 NC Logical Linux ext3 964098.53*

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  • BTrFS crashhhh?

    - by bumbling fool
    I create a new BTrFS raid10 file system using two 250GB drives and the second partition on a third 80GB drive. I create a subvol and snapshot. I mount the snapshot and start copying 8GB of data to it. It gets to around 1GB and the Desktop disappears and what looks like a non interactive terminal comes up with dump/crash information. I don't have a camera handy or I'd take a picture and post it. It basically looks like stack trace info. CTRL-ALT F7 will eventually bring back the Desktop though but the entire BTrFS portion of the OS is hung and non responsive until I reboot. I've reformated and reproduced this problem 3 times now and I'm about to give up :( I realize it is possible this problem is not entirely BTrFS' fault because I'm on natty which is still alpha. More granular details in case I'm an idiot: 1) Create FS: sudo mkfs.btrfs -m raid10 -d raid10 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc 2) Initial temporary mount: mkdir /btrfs && sudo mount -t btrfs /dev/sda2 /btrfs 3) Create subvol btrfs s c /btrfs/vm 4) Create initial snapshot: (optional) btrfs s sn /btrfs/cantremember.snap.something 5)unmount /btrfs and mount /btrfs/vm sudo mount -t btrfs -o subvol=vm /dev/sda2 /btrfs/vm 6) Copy data to subvolume. 7) Balance data across drives: (optional) btrfs f bal <path> (never get to this step 7...) Am I doing something wrong?

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  • Trouble with Debian Lenny and Sphinx

    - by Ando
    I've very basic understanding of linux systems, but I've a server which was setup a while ago to host some web apps. Recently I decided to test out and implement Sphinx but unfortunately I cant get the install to work. I'm running a Debian Lenny distro and when I try to install sphinx it says - checking MySQL include files... configure: error: missing include files. ****************************************************************************** ERROR: cannot find MySQL include files. Check that you do have MySQL include files installed. The package name is typically 'mysql-devel'. If include files are installed on your system, but you are still getting this message, you should do one of the following: 1) either specify includes location explicitly, using --with-mysql-includes; 2) or specify MySQL installation root location explicitly, using --with-mysql; 3) or make sure that the path to 'mysql_config' program is listed in your PATH environment variable. To disable MySQL support, use --without-mysql option. ****************************************************************************** I do have mysql 5.1 installed but I can't find the include files, AND one more thing.. I read around the net that I probably need libmysqlclient15-dev but when I try to install that using apt-get i receive the following error. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libxcb-aux0 libts-0.0-0 libxcb-atom1 ttf-dejavu-extra hunspell-en-us g++-4.3 libmysql++3 libnspr4-0d libdirectfb-1.0-0 libxcb-event1 libasound2 libstdc++6-4.3-dev libhunspell-1.2-0 ttf-dejavu libmozjs2d conkeror-spawn-process-helper libnss3-1d Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following NEW packages will be installed: libmysqlclient15-dev 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 276 not upgraded. Need to get 7590 kB of archives. After this operation, 26.3 MB of additional disk space will be used. WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! libmysqlclient15-dev Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y Err http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ lenny/main libmysqlclient15-dev amd64 5.0.51a-24+lenny5 404 Not Found [IP: 35.9.37.225 80] Err http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates/main libmysqlclient15-dev amd64 5.0.51a-24+lenny5 404 Not Found [IP: 149.20.20.6 80] Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/m/mysql-dfsg-5.0/libmysqlclient15-dev_5.0.51a-24+lenny5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 149.20.20.6 80] E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Can you help me out by suggesting how to install the required packages and run the Sphinx.

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  • Managing an application across multiple servers, or PXE vs cfEngine/Chef/Puppet

    - by matt
    We have an application that is running on a few (5 or so and will grow) boxes. The hardware is identical in all the machines, and ideally the software would be as well. I have been managing them by hand up until now, and don't want to anymore (static ip addresses, disabling all necessary services, installing required packages...) . Can anyone balance the pros and cons of the following options, or suggest something more intelligent? 1: Individually install centos on all the boxes and manage the configs with chef/cfengine/puppet. This would be good, as I have wanted an excuse to learn to use one of applications, but I don't know if this is actually the best solution. 2: Make one box perfect and image it. Serve the image over PXE and whenever I want to make modifications, I can just reboot the boxes from a new image. How do cluster guys normally handle things like having mac addresses in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg* files? We use infiniband as well, and it also refuses to start if the hwaddr is wrong. Can these be correctly generated at boot? I'm leaning towards the PXE solution, but I think monitoring with munin or nagios will be a little more complicated with this. Anyone have experience with this type of problem? All the servers have SSDs in them and are fast and powerful. Thanks, matt.

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  • VLC Audio Problems in Windows 7

    - by Vijay Dev
    When using VLC in my Windows 7 (RC), the audio works only if my head phones are connected. Without the head phones, the audio is not heard at all. Other players deliver the audio perfectly. Is this caused by some incorrect preferences ?

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  • Clonezilla is not able to clone a RAID 1 disk

    - by Adrian
    I have a HP Server DL320 G5. There are two SATA hard disks configured as RAID 1 through HP embedded RAID controller. Server OS is running GNU/Linux (Fedora) Server booted up with clonezilla live CD. The image will be stored on a NAS connected through NFS. Clonezilla could mount the NFS share and could see the two hard disks /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. I selected /dev/sda for disk cloning. However I could not see the cloning progress and got straight into a prompt for reboot, poweroff, command line I tried to select /dev/sdb but the same issue.

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  • I need a server or service that reroutes DNS requests

    - by Relentim
    We have two external servers, Dev and Prod. We are a software house and in the code we have a subdomain metrics.company.com that points to Prod. Development is continuous and our internal and external developers and testers will need to switch from Dev to Prod and back again. It is not an option to have a different sub domain in the code during development and change this for production. The way we wish to switch between Dev and Prod is to use DNS. We need a public DNS server that behaves normally apart from routing metrics.company.com to Dev. The users will be able to swap their DNS back and forward to hit the different servers. What is the easiest way to do this? Is there a company that hosts this service or am I going to have to rent a server and set it up myself? Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • Linux WD30EZRX WD Green HDD & Blacx Duet 5G Usb

    - by Adam
    I have connected up an WD30EZRX WD Green HDD to a Thermaltake Blacx Duet 5G USB dock in Ubuntu 12.04. Every thing seems fine except when the HDD idles it seems to have error ls: reading directory .: Input/output error after a while and is only fixed by unmounting and remounting the drive as root. I have the following line in /etc/fstab UUID=AAF670E9F670B6E3 /media/3TB ntfs defaults,user,auto 0 0 I have noticed that it seems to go between /dev/sdc2 and /dev/sdd2 devices on remount. I did copy 1TB last night without issue in 1 sitting. But after x mins of idle it has remount issue. Any tips/suggestions on how to proceed would be appreciated. Spent most of the night googling and all its done is made me sad. Edit (tried as suggested): root@mediaserver:/media/3TB# sudo hdparm -B 255 -S 253 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdd2: setting Advanced Power Management level to disabled HDIO_DRIVE_CMD failed: Input/output error setting standby to 253 (vendor-specific) APM_level = not supported Seems as if that didn't help with this particular drive.

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  • How can I recover my system after running 'mkfs' on the system partition?

    - by Filip Podgórny
    I am not a Linux user, and was doing some homework, I blindly typed sudo mkfs ext3 dev/sda2 (I had Ubuntu as Windows installation). I've done few more things, and turned Ubuntu off to switch on Windows back. No operating system installed - this is the message I'm getting. I plugged my HDD onto another computer and all my files are still there. What should I do to get my windows installation back? df -l (before mkfs) /dev/loop0 29G 2,0G 27G 8% / udev 3,0G 4,0K 3,0G 1% /dev tmpfs 1,2G 900K 1,2G 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 3,0G 1,3M 3,0G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda3 455G 123G 333G 27% /host /dev/sdb1 1,9G 820M 1,1G 43% /media/PHONE CARD mkfs output (polish, sorry) mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Etykieta systemu plików= Typ OS: Linux Rozmiar bloku=1024 (log=0) Rozmiar fragmentu=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 bloków, szerokosc Stripe=0 bloków 25688 i-wezlów, 102400 bloków 5120 bloków (5.00%) zarezerwowanych dla superuzytkownika Pierwszy blok danych=1 Maksymalna liczba bloków systemu plików=67371008 13 grup bloków 8192 bloków w grupie, 8192 fragmentów w grupie 1976 i-wezlów w grupie Kopie zapasowe superbloku zapisane w blokach: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Zapis tablicy i-wezlów: zakonczono Tworzenie kroniki (4096 bloków): wykonano Zapis superbloków i podsumowania systemu plików: wykonano Ten system plików bedzie automatycznie sprawdzany co kazde 30 montowan lub co 180 dni, zaleznie co nastapi pierwsze. Mozna to zmienic poprzez tune2fs -c lub -i.

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  • No free disk space ;[

    - by skomak
    Hi I have weird situation because Linux df command says that there is no free disk space [root@backup cache]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 72G 70G 0 100% / /dev/sda1 190M 11M 170M 7% /boot tmpfs 248M 0 248M 0% /dev/shm but du -sh /* says [root@backup cache]# du -sh /* 4.0K /bacula-restores 7.4M /bin 5.4M /boot 3.6T /data 116K /dev 55M /etc 204K /home 76M /lib 16K /lost+found 12K /media 0 /misc 16K /mnt 8.0K /mount 0 /net 8.0K /opt 0 /proc 2.3G /root 32M /sbin 8.0K /selinux 168K /share 8.0K /srv 0 /sys 361M /test 20K /tmp 3.2G /usr 1.5G /var Could you tell me where is a problem? Where is my space? I can't figure it out :(

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  • Write Fedora.iso to USB and boot it from a Macbook

    - by MTilsted
    I have an .iso image of the full Fedora 16 install (Downloaded from http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora-options#formats as "Fedora 16 DVD") and the question now is: How do I write it on a USB stick, so I can install it on my Mac book? I tried using DD as the install guide said, and that gave me a USB stick which can boot from my PC. But it can't boot from the Mac (The Mac start menu don't show it as a boot option). Edit: I downloaded a live install image, and did this (SSD is my USB 4GB thing) /sbin/mkdosfs -F 32 -n usbdisk /dev/dev/sdd1 sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora-16-i686-Live-KDE.iso /dev/sdd1 And this produced an image which can boot on my pc but not on my mac. This seems to indicate that the --efi is not working, because if it really was EFI it would not boot on a normal pc, would it? I then tried this: (Difference being that I write the image directory to /dev/sdd instead of /dev/sdd1) but this still will not boot on the Mac (it newer shows up at the startup screen on the Mac). sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora- PS: My host Linux is Fedora 13.

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  • Warning messages while build Apache server

    - by GoinOff
    I am building Apache server 2.4.6 from source and am not sure about a few warning messages I received during the rpm build process. The build completes OK and everything seems fine..BTW, this is on CentOS 5.5... During the make process: /home/johnm/dev/project1/install/linux/BUILD/httpd-2.4.6/srclib/apr/libtool --silent --mode=install install mod_authn_file.la /home/johnm/dev/project1/install/linux/tmp/usr/local/apache2/modules/ libtool: install: warning: remember to run `libtool --finish /usr/local/apache2/modules' What is this warning message about?? remember to run libtool --finish ?? Also, I see this: libtool: install: warning: `/home/johnm/dev/project1/install/linux/BUILD/httpd-2.4.6/srclib/apr-util/libaprutil-1.la' has not been installed in `/usr/local/apache2/lib' I am building Apache in a temp directory but libtools seems to be looking in the wrong place (/usr/local/apache2/lib instead of /home/johnm/dev/project1/install/linux/tmp/usr/local/apache2/lib). This seems like something I can blow off?? In my specfile I set DESTDIR to /home/johnm/dev/project1/install/linux/tmp where the install files are placed: %install export DESTDIR=%{buildroot} make install Both messages appear numerous times during the make process. When I install the rpm on the system, everything appears to work without problems..Thinking I can ignore these messages??? or am I missing something important??

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  • how to see disk details from linux machine with which command?

    - by jennifer
    hi all subject: LINUX - release.5.4- verify disk details from linux with sfdisk -s I can see the disk capacity as the following: sfdisk -s /dev/cciss/c0d0: 143338560 total: 143338560 blocks but how to see also the disk details as disk manufacture ... etc I try the: , but I not get the right info -(: hdparm -i /dev/cciss/c0d0 /dev/cciss/c0d0: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device

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  • How can I associate html/htm files with Chrome in Windows 7 64 bit?

    - by matt
    I want Chrome to open all .html files. It is currently set as my default browser, however html files open in IE9. When I go to Control Panel\Programs\Default Programs\Set Associations I see that .html and .htm files are associated with IE. When I choose to change the default program it I'm presented with a list of programs but Chrome is not one of them. I browse to, and then select the Chrome.exe (C:\Users\Matt\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe) but it goes right back to IE. This is the first time I've seen anything like this. I'm running Windows 7 64 bit. I never had this problem on Windows 7 32 bit. Is this because Chrome by default installs in the User directory, not the Program Files directory? How can I fix these file associations? EDIT: It's not that things are reverting back to IE after associating them with Chrome. When I browse to Chrome in the file association window, and select it, it doesn't seem to take. It doesn't show Chrome in the list of programs despite pointing to the Chrome.exe location. I really think this has something to do with the fact that it doesn't install into the Program File Directory.

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  • Change the output format of zsh's time

    - by YGA
    Hi Folks, I've just switched to zsh. However, I really don't like how the time builtin command also outputs the command that it's timing. I much prefer the bash style output. Anyone know how to switch it over? Zsh: [casqa1:~/temp]$ time grep foo /dev/null /usr/local/gnu/bin/grep --color -i foo /dev/null 0.00s user 0.00s system 53% cpu 0.004 total Bash: [casqa1:~/temp]$ bash casqa1.nyc:~/temp> time grep foo /dev/null real 0.0 user 0.0 sys 0.0 Thanks, /YGA

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  • Suppress log messages about 3ware disk temperature changes on CentOS?

    - by Stefan Lasiewski
    I have a number of CentOS 5 servers which use 3ware RAID controllers. These servers are bugging my team with messages about minor temperature changes, like this: Jun 8 12:32:39 HOST smartd[1231]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_01], SMART Usage Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 119 to 118 Jun 8 12:32:39 HOST smartd[1231]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_03], SMART Usage Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 122 to 121 How can I suppress these messages? According to man smartd.conf : To disable any of the 3 reports, set the corresponding limit to 0. Trailing zero arguments may be omitted. By default, all temperature reports are disabled (´-W 0´). On my systems, smartd is reporting about temperature changes by default. I tried a manual approach. In /etc/smartd.conf, I have the following: /dev/twa0 -d 3ware,1 -a -W 0 /dev/twa0 -d 3ware,3 -a -W 0 But this still does not suppress the messages. Since these messages show up in /var/log/messages, LogWatch is sending unnecessary emails every night.

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