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  • Debootstrap Ubuntu over NFS leads to mknod I/O error

    - by Aaron B. Russell
    Hi everyone, I'm trying to prepare an Ubuntu environment for a diskless machine that will PXE boot and mount an NFS share as it's root. I've currently got another Ubuntu machine mounting the NFS share and I'm trying to debootstrap into it, but it has trouble creating devices over NFS: root@kimiko:~# mount | grep Seiuchi 192.168.0.203:/mnt/user/Seiuchi on /mnt type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.0.203) root@kimiko:~# debootstrap --arch i386 maverick /mnt http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mknod: `/mnt/test-dev-null': Input/output error E: Cannot install into target '/mnt' mounted with noexec or nodev My NFS rule on the unRAID server is 192.168.0.201/32(rw,no_root_squash,sync). I don't have the noexec or nodev options set. I've not got much experience with NFS, so I'm probably missing something basic in the way I'm sharing this, but my attempts at Googling for an answer isn't really turning anything useful up. Does anyone have suggestions on what I might have missed or maybe relevant docs? Edit: Creating normal files (and directories) works just fine, I just can't create devices... root@kimiko:/mnt# mkdir foo root@kimiko:/mnt# cd foo root@kimiko:/mnt/foo# touch bar root@kimiko:/mnt/foo# mknod quux c 4 64 mknod: `quux': Input/output error root@kimiko:/mnt/foo# ls bar

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  • No audio in my ubuntu system

    - by hap497
    Hi, I am running ubuntu 9.10. But there is no sound in my environment. When I go to System-Preference, there is no 'sound' entry there. $ aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: I82801AAICH [Intel 82801AA-ICH], device 0: Intel ICH [Intel 82801AA-ICH] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 $ lsmod Module Size Used by usb_storage 52576 3 binfmt_misc 8356 1 vboxvfs 34620 0 vboxvideo 1884 1 drm 159584 2 vboxvideo agpgart 34988 1 drm snd_intel8x0 30168 2 snd_ac97_codec 101216 1 snd_intel8x0 ac97_bus 1532 1 snd_ac97_codec snd_pcm_oss 37920 0 snd_mixer_oss 16028 1 snd_pcm_oss snd_pcm 75296 3 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm_oss snd_seq_dummy 2656 0 snd_seq_oss 28576 0 iptable_filter 3100 0 snd_seq_midi 6432 0 ip_tables 11692 1 iptable_filter x_tables 16544 1 ip_tables snd_rawmidi 22208 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 6940 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi ppdev 6688 0 snd_seq 50224 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_mid i_event snd_timer 22276 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 6920 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi ,snd_seq psmouse 56500 0 serio_raw 5280 0 snd 59204 14 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_ oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_ti mer,snd_seq_device i2c_piix4 9932 0 parport_pc 31940 0 soundcore 7264 1 snd snd_page_alloc 9156 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm vboxguest 143836 7 vboxvfs lp 8964 0 parport 35340 3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp pcnet32 32644 0 mii 5212 1 pcnet32 floppy 54916 0 ~:987:2$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Graphics Adapter 00:03.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 40) 00:04.0 System peripheral: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Guest Service 00:05.0 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801AA AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 01) 00:06.0 USB Controller: Apple Computer Inc. KeyLargo/Intrepid USB 00:07.0 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 0 00:0b.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller ~:988:3$

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  • MAMP Pro .xip.io, fixing urls with htaccess

    - by user3540018
    I've got all my websites set up with MAMP Pro. For instance, I got it set up, so when I go to example.com, the browser displays the website that's set up on my iMac. Now, I wanna get MAMP Pro to work so I can view my website on my other computers/devices (which are all hooked up on the same network.) So far all I had to do is check the checkbox "via Xip.io (LAN only)", and now I can view my website on my other computers/devices within my LAN by simply going to example.com.10.0.1.13.xip.io. Problem is, whenever I'm on this other computer/device, when I click on the links, I get 404 error. ie. whenever I go to example.com/news, I get the 404. But when I go to example.com.10.0.1.13.xip.io/news, THEN I get the right page. So in order to solve my problem I need to rewrite the urls. So whenever someone clicks on a link ie. goes straight to example.com/news, he'll go to example.com.10.0.1.13.xip.io/news. I don't want to change all the links in my MySQL file, but I believe I can do it simply with the htaccess file. I've opened the htaccess file and added the last two lines, but it just doesn't work. <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On # Send would-be 404 requests to Craft RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(favicon\.ico|apple-touch-icon.*\.png)$ [NC] RewriteRule (.+) index.php?p=$1 [QSA,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.com RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com.10.0.1.13.xip.io/$1 [R=permanent,L] </IfModule> Or perhaps I don't need to change the htaccess file, is there something that I could be missing in the MAMP Pro settings, or perhaps a MAMP extension that I need?

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  • Tcpreplaying using VMware

    - by Methos
    This is more like a testbed setup question. I want to use VMware to debug some networking code in the linux kernel in the VM. My VM has two network interfaces. What I want to do is replay the capture file in the host and receive the packets in the VM. My problem is I do not see replayed packets in the VM. I am running VMware and tcpreplay on the host as sudo. Hence I think there should not be any problem access devices files. I am running VMware workstation 7.0 a. I first began with Custom networking as that provides option of creating your own virtual network name. I wrote /dev/vmnet3 and /dev/vmnet4 for the two interfaces respectively. However, after booting the guest, I did not see any of these interfaces or devices files (in /dev) created on the host. b. Then I tried 'Host Only', but that does not show what bridge/device file is associated with the interface. c. Finally I tried bridged networking mode. I see vmnet1, vmnet8 and vboxnet0 on the host. I have tcpreplayed the capture file on each of these interfaces, for all the above three cases. I tried to capture packets in the VM using "tcpdump -i any". However, I do not see any packets. Any ideas/pointers?

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  • Multiple static WAN IP addresses to single LAN subnet

    - by Jessy Houle
    Below is my home network topology. I currently have 5 static IP addresses, 3 of which are in use by 3 routers. These routers in-turn subnet internal networks and port forward. I use my SSL VPN appliance to remote home from work or on the road. At this point I can remotely administer my Windows Server. I know the network is setup wrong, I was matching existing hardware the best I knew how. http://storage.jessyhoule.com.s3.amazonaws.com/network_topology.jpg Ok this said, here is the problem... One of my websites on my Windows Server now needs to be secure (SSL using port 443). However, I'm already port forwarding port 443 to my VPN appliance. Furthermore, if I'm going to have to reconfigure the network, I would really like to be able to use the SSL VPN to remotely administer all machines. I mentioned this to a friend of mine, who said that what I was looking for was a firewall. Explaining that a firewall would take in multiple static (WAN) IP addresses, and still allow all internal devices to be on the same network. So, basically, I could supply my SSL VPN appliance it's very own static (WAN) IP address routing, and yet have it on the same internal network (192.168.1.x) as all my other devices. The first question is... Does this sound right? Secondly, would you suggest anything different? And, finally, what is the cheapest way to do this? I am started down the road of downloading/installing untangle and smoothwall to see if they will do the job, hoping they take multiple static (WAN) IP addresses. Thank you in advance for your answers. -Jessy Houle

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  • Is USB supported in safe mode on XP?

    - by Hugh Allen
    According Microsoft, "Universal Serial Bus Devices Do Not Work in Safe Mode" under XP. However, in my testing this is incorrect. USB keyboards, mice and flash drives seem to work fine in safe mode (I made sure the BIOS was not providing support). This makes sense because a failure of a standard input device would be, in Microsoft parlance, a "bad user experience". So, Is USB supported in safe mode on XP? If your answer is no (agreeing with Microsoft), please provide a test case, preferably in a virtual machine, where a standard HID keyboard or mouse fails. Please state hardware / BIOS / OS configuration. Note that you will need a PS/2 keyboard attached in addition to your USB device(s) in order to use the boot menu. Virtual machine software usually emulates a PS/2 keyboard. Alternatively, you could add the /safeboot switch to boot.ini. If your answer is yes, please provide a link to some supporting documentation (either from Microsoft or someone authoritative). Your answer might be "devices X, Y and Z are supported but nothing else", in which case also give a link.

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  • Mounting a VirtualBox shared folder on boot with fstab in OpenSuse 11.3

    - by ccook
    I have followed the steps found here, however, the share is not mounted on boot. The share will mount if i run 'mount -a' after booting. Why would the share not mount on boot? 1 - Set up a Virtual Machine and install OpenSUSE 11.2 2 - Create a shared folder on host (HostFolder) 3 - Setup the shared folder in Virtualbox Via the Virtual Machine details or via Devices Shared Folders... 4 - Install dependencies for running the Virtualbox installer You need to install the right development kernelpackage for your machinetype (use 'zypper search -i kernel' to see what's installed) sudo zypper install make gcc kernel-source kernel-hosttype/default-devel 5 - Run the Virtual Machine and go to Devices Guest Additions This mounts an iso image in your OpenSUSE guest. 6 - Open a root terminal and run cd /usr/src/linux make oldconfig && make prepare && make scripts && make dep cp ../linux-obj/$HOSTTYPE/default/Module.symvers . make prepare A commenter on previously mentioned thread says this step is unnecessary but it doesn't work without on my system. I suggest trying step 7 first and returning to step 6 if that fails. * 7 - Run ./VirtualboxLinux yourhosttype .run from the mounted iso image. 8 - Create shared folder in OpenSUSE (GuestFolder) 9 - Test with sudo mount -t vboxsf HostFolder /home/user/GuestFolder It works? Great! Let's set up the system so it automounts for your regular useraccount instead of root-only access. 10 - Add this line to /etc/fstab HostFolder /home/user/GuestFolder vboxsf defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0 11 - It works for me but if it still doesn't automount after a reboot; sudo mount -a

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  • Cisco Configuration backup with Windows Script.

    - by Jeff
    We have a client with a lot of Cisco Devices and we would like to automate the backups of these devices through telnet. We have both 2003 and 2008 servers and ideally use tftp to back it up. I wrote this: Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Dim fso Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Dim ciscoList ciscoList = "D:\Scripts\SwitchList.txt" Set theSwitchList = fso.OpenTextFile(ciscoList, 1) Do While theSwitchList.AtEndOfStream <> True cisco = theSwitchList.ReadLine Run "cmd.exe" SendKeys "telnet " SendKeys cisco SendKeys "{ENTER}" SendKeys "USERNAME" SendKeys "{ENTER}" SendKeys "PASSWORD" SendKeys "{ENTER}" SendKeys "en" SendKeys "{ENTER}" SendKeys "PASSWORD" SendKeys "{ENTER}" SendKeys "copy startup-config tftp{ENTER}" SendKeys "(TFTP IP){ENTER}" SendKeys "FileName.txt{ENTER}" SendKeys "exit{ENTER}" 'close telnet session' SendKeys "{ENTER}" 'get command prompt back SendKeys "{ENTER}" SendKeys "exit{ENTER}" 'close cmd.exe On Error Resume Next WScript.Sleep 3000 Loop Sub SendKeys(s) WshShell.SendKeys s WScript.Sleep 300 End Sub Sub Run(command) WshShell.Run command WScript.Sleep 100 WshShell.AppActivate command WScript.Sleep 300 End Sub But the problem with this is the sendkeys are sent to the console session, I'm trying to find a solution that would not require a user to be logged in. Does anyone have any ideas? I have some knowlage of VBS, PowerShell and a pretty good grasp on batching.

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  • How to detect/list rogue computers connected to a WIFI network without access to the Wifi Router interface?

    - by JJarava
    This is what I believe to be an interesting challenge :) A relative (that leaves a bit too far to go there in person) is complaining that their WIFI/Internet network performance has gone down abysmally lately. She'd like to know if some of the neighbors are using her wifi network to access the internet but she's not too technically savvy. I know that the best way to prevent issues would be to change the Router password, but it's a bit of a PITA having to re-configure all wifi devices... and if the uninvited guest broke the password once, they can do it again... Her wifi router/internet connection is provided by the telco, and remotely managed so she can log-on to their telco account's page and remotely change the router's Wifi password, but doesn't have access to the router status page/config/etc unless she opts out of the telco's remote support and mainteinance service... So, how could she check if there are guests in the wifi with this restrictions and in the most "point and click way"? In this case I'd probably use nmap to look for other devices in the network, but I'm not sure if that's the easiest way to do it. I'm not a wifi expert, so I don't know if there are any wifi-scanning utils that can tell us who's talking to the router... Lastly, she's a Windows user as I guess that'll influence the choice of tools available Any suggestions more than welcome Regards!

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  • "Safe" personal router use on apartment-wide network

    - by noisetank
    I recently moved into an apartment with internet included in my rent. This was a boon at first, but now I'm feeling limited. To get devices connected (wired or wireless), I have to whitelist the MAC addresses on mycampusnet.com. This is annoying (considering I'm well over the 10 device limit including my roommate's stuff), but what's really driving me mad is that I don't seem to have any semblance of a "local" network. I've relied heavily on static IPs and port forwarding in the past (accessing NAS and remote desktop) and (as far as I can understand), that functionality is nonexistent without my router set up. Also, as my wired and wireless devices don't always seem to make it onto the same subnet, I'm unable to use any of my iDevices with my Apple TV (I can, however, mirror to no less than four strangers' Apple TVs at any moment, which is a whole other level of discomforting). I've talked to the head of the apartment complex and she told me that they personally don't have any issue with my using a router, but the provider (CampusConnect) does not currently allow it. Apparently, enough people have put in complaints/requests about the restriction (the apartments are for graduate students and University staff, many of which need to set up things like VPNs for work reasons) to open up some sort of ticket to get the functionality in place, but all the calls I've made to get status updates have been a waste of time. My question is: If I plugged my router into the apartment network, what would happen? I've been told already that personal routers would "interfere with the wireless" and that they would shut my port down if I used one, but is that a legitimate thing or just something made up that sounds real to keep the average Joe from pushing it further? I'm guessing there's some way of configuring my router to keep it from disrupting the rest of the network, but it's not something they want to tell me for obvious reasons. Am I right? And if so, what are the chances that they'd notice the difference in traffic or whatever and shut off my port?

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  • Raid-z unaccessible after putting one disk offline

    - by varesa
    I have installed FreeNAS on a test server, with 3x 1Tb drives. They are setup in raidz. I tried to offline one of the disks (from the FreeNAS web-ui), and the array became degraded, as I think it should. The problem is with the array becoming unaccessible after that. I thought a raid like that should be able to run fine with one of the disks missing. Atleast very soon after I offline'd and pulled out the disk, the iSCSI share disappeared from a ESXi host's datastores. I also ssh'd into the FreeNAS server, and tried just executing ls /mnt/raid (/mnt/raid/ being the mount point). The whole terminal froze, not accepting ^C or anything. # zpool status -v pool: raid state: DEGRADED status: One or more devices are faulted in response to IO failures. action: Make sure the affected devices are connected, then run 'zpool clear'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-HC scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM raid DEGRADED 1 30 0 raidz1 DEGRADED 4 56 0 gptid/c8c9e44c-08e1-11e2-9ba6-001b212a83ea ONLINE 3 60 0 gptid/c96f32d5-08e1-11e2-9ba6-001b212a83ea ONLINE 3 63 0 gptid/ca208205-08e1-11e2-9ba6-001b212a83ea OFFLINE 0 0 0 errors: Permanent errors have been detected in the following files: /mnt/raid/ raid/iscsivol:<0x0> raid/iscsivol:<0x1> Have I understood the workings of a raidz wrong, or is there something else going on? It would not be nice to have the same thing happen on a production system...

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  • What is the peak theoretical WiFi G user density? [closed]

    - by Bigbio2002
    I've seen a few WiFi capacity planning questions, and this one is related, but hopefully different enough not to be closed. Also, this is related specifically to 802.11g, but a similar question could be made for N. In order to squeeze more WiFi users into a space, the transmit power on the APs need to be reduced and the APs squeezed closer together. My question is, how far can you practically take this before the network becomes unusable? There will come a point where the transmit power is so weak that nobody will actually be able to pick up a connection, or be constantly roaming to/from APs spaced a few feet apart as they walk around. There are also only 3 available channels to use as well, which is a factor to consider. After determining the peak AP density, then multiply by users-per-AP, which should be easier to find out. After factoring all of this in and running some back-of-the-envelope calculations, I'd like to be able to get a figure of "XX users per 10ft^2" or something. This can be considered the physical limit of WiFi, and will keep people from asking about getting 3,000 people in a ballroom conference on WiFi. Can anyone with WiFi experience chime in, or better yet, provide some calculations for a more accurate figure? Assumptions: Let's assume an ideal environment with no reflection (think of a big, square, open room, with the APs spaced out on a plane), APs are placed on the ceiling so humans won't absorb the waves, and the only interference are from the APs themselves and the devices. As for what devices specifically, that's irrelevant for the first point of the question (AP density, so only channel and transmit power should matter). User experience: Wikipedia states that Wireless G has about 22Mbps maximum effective throughput, or about 2.75MB/s. For the purpose of this question, anything below 100KB/s per user can be deemed to be a poor user experience. As for roaming, I'll assume the user is standing in the same place, so hopefully that will be a non-issue.

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  • dns in a small network with router and AD domain

    - by Felix
    I have a small office network with router (running OpenWRT), Windows Domain Controller (used to be 2008R2; I just backed it up and upgraded to 2012), about a dozen AD clients (3 server and windows workstation) and several non-AD clients (network printer, PBX). The problem is that the clients can't access servers by name (only by IP). I tried all kind of permutations. Right now domain controller runs DNS server for all desktops; but unless I put an entry in hosts file - I can only get by IP. I have router as DHCP server (since not all devices are on AD); and except for Domain Controller all IP addresses, including "static", are assigned by the router. Most frustrating, some servers sometimes just work! for example, I can often get to the Linux box by name (it is part of Domain using Beyond Trust Integration Services); but I can never get to SQL Server box. Seems like non-domain devices see more names than domain members... This network should be fairly typical; but I couldn't get any guidance about how to set up DNS/DHCP service to make all nodes happy. The closest is this question, but still it's different! Thanks

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  • Should tripwire be entering /proc?

    - by dsadinoff
    When initializing the db with tripwire --init it spat out a bunch of errors pertaining to /proc: ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/fd/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/fdinfo/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/task/16982/fd/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/task/16982/fdinfo/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: Duplicate object encountered. ### /proc/sys/net/ipv6/neigh This feels like noise. The twpol.txt file has the following clause: # # Critical devices # ( rulename = "Devices & Kernel information", severity = $(SIG_HI), ) { /dev -> $(Device) ; /proc -> $(Device) ; } Which, if I understand it right, is going to cause tripwire to care deeply about the entire contents of /proc. Shouldn't it just care about the static parts of /proc like the drivers and such, and not the per-pid stuff? Why does it ship like this?

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  • Missing whole disk device in OpenSolaris

    - by Jeff Mc
    I have begun experimenting with Solaris and ZFS as a NAS. All was going very smoothly until I had a drive failure. When I replaced the drive, I no longer have a device file mapped to the whole disk. /dev/dsk/c7t3d0 does not exist but c7t2d0 and c7t4d0 both do. Also the sd@3,0:wd file under the /devices/ tree is non-existent. Do I have to prepare/partition the disk somehow to cause the whole disk device to exist? Here are a few outputs that might be useful. jeffmc@ats-ds2:/dev/dsk$ zpool status pool: datapool state: DEGRADED status: One or more devices could not be opened. Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a degraded state. action: Attach the missing device and online it using 'zpool online'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-2Q scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM datapool DEGRADED 0 0 0 mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0 c7t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c7t3d0 UNAVAIL 0 0 0 cannot open mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c7t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c7t5d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 jeffmc@ats-ds2:/dev/dsk$ zpool replace datapool c7t3d0 cannot open 'c7t3d0': no such device in /dev/dsk must be a full path or shorthand device name jeffmc@ats-ds2:/dev/dsk$ sudo format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c7t0d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@0,0 1. c7t1d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@1,0 2. c7t2d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@2,0 3. c7t3d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@3,0 4. c7t4d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@4,0 5. c7t5d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@5,0

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  • Unusually high dentry cache usage

    - by Wolfgang Stengel
    Problem A CentOS machine with kernel 2.6.32 and 128 GB physical RAM ran into trouble a few days ago. The responsible system administrator tells me that the PHP-FPM application was not responding to requests in a timely manner anymore due to swapping, and having seen in free that almost no memory was left, he chose to reboot the machine. I know that free memory can be a confusing concept on Linux and a reboot perhaps was the wrong thing to do. However, the mentioned administrator blames the PHP application (which I am responsible for) and refuses to investigate further. What I could find out on my own is this: Before the restart, the free memory (incl. buffers and cache) was only a couple of hundred MB. Before the restart, /proc/meminfo reported a Slab memory usage of around 90 GB (yes, GB). After the restart, the free memory was 119 GB, going down to around 100 GB within an hour, as the PHP-FPM workers (about 600 of them) were coming back to life, each of them showing between 30 and 40 MB in the RES column in top (which has been this way for months and is perfectly reasonable given the nature of the PHP application). There is nothing else in the process list that consumes an unusual or noteworthy amount of RAM. After the restart, Slab memory was around 300 MB If have been monitoring the system ever since, and most notably the Slab memory is increasing in a straight line with a rate of about 5 GB per day. Free memory as reported by free and /proc/meminfo decreases at the same rate. Slab is currently at 46 GB. According to slabtop most of it is used for dentry entries: Free memory: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 129048 76435 52612 0 144 7675 -/+ buffers/cache: 68615 60432 Swap: 8191 0 8191 Meminfo: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132145324 kB MemFree: 53620068 kB Buffers: 147760 kB Cached: 8239072 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20300940 kB Inactive: 6512716 kB Active(anon): 18408460 kB Inactive(anon): 24736 kB Active(file): 1892480 kB Inactive(file): 6487980 kB Unevictable: 8608 kB Mlocked: 8608 kB SwapTotal: 8388600 kB SwapFree: 8388600 kB Dirty: 11416 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 18436224 kB Mapped: 94536 kB Shmem: 6364 kB Slab: 46240380 kB SReclaimable: 44561644 kB SUnreclaim: 1678736 kB KernelStack: 9336 kB PageTables: 457516 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 72364108 kB Committed_AS: 22305444 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 480164 kB VmallocChunk: 34290830848 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 12216320 kB HugePages_Total: 2048 HugePages_Free: 2048 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 5604 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB DirectMap1G: 132120576 kB Slabtop: slabtop --once Active / Total Objects (% used) : 225920064 / 226193412 (99.9%) Active / Total Slabs (% used) : 11556364 / 11556415 (100.0%) Active / Total Caches (% used) : 110 / 194 (56.7%) Active / Total Size (% used) : 43278793.73K / 43315465.42K (99.9%) Minimum / Average / Maximum Object : 0.02K / 0.19K / 4096.00K OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME 221416340 221416039 3% 0.19K 11070817 20 44283268K dentry 1123443 1122739 99% 0.41K 124827 9 499308K fuse_request 1122320 1122180 99% 0.75K 224464 5 897856K fuse_inode 761539 754272 99% 0.20K 40081 19 160324K vm_area_struct 437858 223259 50% 0.10K 11834 37 47336K buffer_head 353353 347519 98% 0.05K 4589 77 18356K anon_vma_chain 325090 324190 99% 0.06K 5510 59 22040K size-64 146272 145422 99% 0.03K 1306 112 5224K size-32 137625 137614 99% 1.02K 45875 3 183500K nfs_inode_cache 128800 118407 91% 0.04K 1400 92 5600K anon_vma 59101 46853 79% 0.55K 8443 7 33772K radix_tree_node 52620 52009 98% 0.12K 1754 30 7016K size-128 19359 19253 99% 0.14K 717 27 2868K sysfs_dir_cache 10240 7746 75% 0.19K 512 20 2048K filp VFS cache pressure: cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure 125 Swappiness: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 0 I know that unused memory is wasted memory, so this should not necessarily be a bad thing (especially given that 44 GB are shown as SReclaimable). However, apparently the machine experienced problems nonetheless, and I'm afraid the same will happen again in a few days when Slab surpasses 90 GB. Questions I have these questions: Am I correct in thinking that the Slab memory is always physical RAM, and the number is already subtracted from the MemFree value? Is such a high number of dentry entries normal? The PHP application has access to around 1.5 M files, however most of them are archives and not being accessed at all for regular web traffic. What could be an explanation for the fact that the number of cached inodes is much lower than the number of cached dentries, should they not be related somehow? If the system runs into memory trouble, should the kernel not free some of the dentries automatically? What could be a reason that this does not happen? Is there any way to "look into" the dentry cache to see what all this memory is (i.e. what are the paths that are being cached)? Perhaps this points to some kind of memory leak, symlink loop, or indeed to something the PHP application is doing wrong. The PHP application code as well as all asset files are mounted via GlusterFS network file system, could that have something to do with it? Please keep in mind that I can not investigate as root, only as a regular user, and that the administrator refuses to help. He won't even run the typical echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches test to see if the Slab memory is indeed reclaimable. Any insights into what could be going on and how I can investigate any further would be greatly appreciated. Updates Some further diagnostic information: Mounts: cat /proc/self/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /phptmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 tmpfs /wsdltmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,relatime,cpuset 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpu cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuacct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/memory cgroup rw,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/devices cgroup rw,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/net_cls cgroup rw,relatime,net_cls 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,relatime,blkio 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol /var/www fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol /var/upload fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0 172.17.39.78:/www /data/www nfs rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 0 0 Mount info: cat /proc/self/mountinfo 16 21 0:3 / /proc rw,relatime - proc proc rw 17 21 0:0 / /sys rw,relatime - sysfs sysfs rw 18 21 0:5 / /dev rw,relatime - devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 19 18 0:11 / /dev/pts rw,relatime - devpts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 20 18 0:16 / /dev/shm rw,relatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw 21 1 253:1 / / rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 22 16 0:15 / /proc/bus/usb rw,relatime - usbfs /proc/bus/usb rw 23 21 8:1 / /boot rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/sda1 rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 24 21 0:17 / /phptmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 25 21 0:18 / /wsdltmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 26 16 0:19 / /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc rw,relatime - binfmt_misc none rw 27 21 0:20 / /cgroup/cpuset rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuset 28 21 0:21 / /cgroup/cpu rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpu 29 21 0:22 / /cgroup/cpuacct rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuacct 30 21 0:23 / /cgroup/memory rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,memory 31 21 0:24 / /cgroup/devices rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,devices 32 21 0:25 / /cgroup/freezer rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,freezer 33 21 0:26 / /cgroup/net_cls rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,net_cls 34 21 0:27 / /cgroup/blkio rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,blkio 35 21 0:28 / /var/www rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 36 21 0:29 / /var/upload rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 37 21 0:30 / /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rw,relatime - rpc_pipefs sunrpc rw 39 21 0:31 / /data/www rw,relatime - nfs 172.17.39.78:/www rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 GlusterFS config: cat /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol volume remote1 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.71 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote2 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.72 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote3 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.73 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote4 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.74 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume replicate1 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote1 remote2 end-volume volume replicate2 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote3 remote4 end-volume volume distribute type cluster/distribute subvolumes replicate1 replicate2 end-volume volume iocache type performance/io-cache option cache-size 8192MB # default is 32MB subvolumes distribute end-volume volume writeback type performance/write-behind option cache-size 1024MB option window-size 1MB subvolumes iocache end-volume ### Add io-threads for parallel requisitions volume iothreads type performance/io-threads option thread-count 64 # default is 16 subvolumes writeback end-volume volume ra type performance/read-ahead option page-size 2MB option page-count 16 option force-atime-update no subvolumes iothreads end-volume

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  • how to set up dual wireless routers (G and N) with single broadband connection

    - by user15973
    A local cafe has an 802.11g wireless router attached to either an 8- or 12Mbs broadband connection. Although many customers still have -g devices, an increasing number are showing up with 802.11n devices (e.g. Mac laptops, iPads). The cafe owner is content with his router's area coverage, but he would like for his customers to be able to take advantage of the higher -n download speeds. He could simply replace the -g router with a -n router, but reportedly -n routers slow down considerably when servicing both -g and -n connections. Another option would be to buy the -n router, run an Ethernet cable between the two routers, and (of course) hook up the broadband connection to one of the two routers. Still another option would be to attach an ordinary, wired switch to the broadband connection and then attach both routers to the switch. Aside from the cost issue, what are the tradeoffs of those approaches? Which would you recommend, and why? Is there a better option than the ones I mentioned? Thank you in advance for your advice.

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  • How to set up simple VPN for secure Internet connections over unencrypted Wi-Fi on Windows?

    - by Senseful
    I'm looking for a solution similar to the one in this question, except that I don't have a linux computer. I have windows computers that could be set up to accept VPN connections. Preferably I want to set this up on either Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP. I'd like to connect different devices (e.g. iPhone, iPad, laptops, etc.) that are on open unsecure wireless networks (e.g. the one's you see at places like Starbucks) to this VPN to ensure that all my data is secure. I found an article that shows that you can enable VPN connections on Windows XP. After following those steps, though, I'm not sure what to do. Which ports do I open on my firewall? Which VPN settings do I use on my devices such as the iPhone? Do I use L2TP, PPTP, or IPSec? What's the difference between these? Are there any other steps missing in that tutorial? I'm hoping that since Windows has this built in feature, that it will be much simpler to set up rather than having to deal with setting up something such as OpenVPN. If I follow those settings and enable port forwarding on port 1723, and then use the following settings on the iPhone: PPTP (IP Address) RSA SecurID: Off Encryption Level: Auto Send All Traffic: On Proxy: Off It shows "Connecting..." then "Disconnecting..." and the following error message: VPN Configuration A connection could not be established to the PPP server. Try reconnecting. If the problem continues, verify your settings and contact your Administrator. I'm using a user account that I enabled privileges to in the VPN settings on the Windows machine.

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  • Sudden and frequent hangs on desktop computer: mobo or CPU fault?

    - by djechelon
    I have a desktop computer equipped with an ASUS Crosshair 2 Formula and a Phenom x6 3.2GHz CPU. My problem is that often the computer will hang all of a sudden, completely stopping responding. When that occurs, reset key is inoperative and power button turns the computer off but is unable to turn it back on. I have to physically disconnect power cable. The problem can occur anytime, when I'm booting Windows, when I'm logging in, when I'm listening to a song, when I'm browsing Internet, etc. It always occurs after very few minutes of 3D gameplay I thought it was a video card fault. I had 3 8800GTX so I could try all combinations of them: didn't fix I thought it was a RAM problem: I tried running with only a subset of my DDR2 banks but didn't fix. Almost every time I have to reset and reconfigure BIOS (without AHCI, Win7 won't boot, so I need to restore a few things). If I enable AMD Live, Cool&Quiet or other things from CPU configuration menu I'll be sure that the computer won't reach Windows desktop in 99% of cases (it randomly hangs somewhere in the boot process or even in the BIOS POST). Another interesting thing is that during the POST process the computer always takes unusually long time detecting USB devices (LCD POSTer shows USB INIT), and I've also tried disconnecting all USB devices but didn't take less time to POST BIOS revision is 2702, the latest. Today I found a different behaviour once: during boot screen I got a BSOD with error Stop 0x00000101 A clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor within the allocated time interval, and this is usually related to overclocking, but I never overclocked my CPU. Judging from the description of my problem, hoping someone had the same and fixed, and since I don't have a spare CPU or motherboard for replacement, I'd like to ask if you think this is a problem with faulty CPU or faulty motherboard, and if I can perform additional tests (I mean software tests because of my lack of spare components) to identify the component to replace.

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  • Switch to IPv6 and get rid of NAT? Are you kidding?

    - by Ernie
    So our ISP has set up IPv6 recently, and I've been studying what the transition should entail before jumping into the fray. I've noticed three very important issues: Our office NAT router (an old Linksys BEFSR41) does not support IPv6. Nor does any newer router, AFAICT. The book I'm reading about IPv6 tells me that it makes NAT "unnecessary" anyway. If we're supposed to just get rid of this router and plug everything directly to the Internet, I start to panic. There's no way in hell I'll put our billing database (With lots of credit card information!) on the internet for everyone to see. Even if I were to propose setting up Windows' firewall on it to allow only 6 addresses to have any access to it at all, I still break out in a cold sweat. I don't trust Windows, Windows' firewall, or the network at large enough to even be remotely comfortable with that. There's a few old hardware devices (ie, printers) that have absolutely no IPv6 capability at all. And likely a laundry list of security issues that date back to around 1998. And likely no way to actually patch them in any way. And no funding for new printers. I hear that IPv6 and IPSEC are supposed to make all this secure somehow, but without physically separated networks that make these devices invisible to the Internet, I really can't see how. I can likewise really see how any defences I create will be overrun in short order. I've been running servers on the Internet for years now and I'm quite familiar with the sort of things necessary to secure those, but putting something Private on the network like our billing database has always been completely out of the question. What should I be replacing NAT with, if we don't have physically separate networks?

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  • USB seems to pause system

    - by Marco van de Voort
    I've an application that does some simple measuring, for which it polls a few 100kbs several times a second (8-25 times) The behaviour is not really dependant on chipset (happens on several mobo's intel 965- P55) and OSes (XPsp3 and win7). Also the make of the USB keyboard doesn't seem to matter. I notice that sometimes when an USB kbd is plugged in, the system pauses for say 500-1000ms. (about 900-1000ms on disconnect, and 400-500 on the subsequent connect) It also happens for other USB devices (most notably mice and massstorage devices), but only the first time such device is connected to an installation. This disrupts the measurement and I really would like to get rid on this. I already tried to disable as much as possible. (powersave, teletubby mode (*) etc), and while this helped with the non-USB related disruptions of the measurement, it doesn't help with the USB related ones. (*) fyi, turning off themes (to resp. classic/non-aero), and turning off effects in system solved problems that occured when minimizing/maximizing the app. Any pointers to look into? I'm a bit stuck with this.

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  • fglrx-legacy-driver not seeing Radeon HD 4650 AGP

    - by Rocket Hazmat
    I am running Debian Squeeze on an old Dell Dimension 8300 box. It has an AGP Radeon HD 4650 card. I use this machine to mine bitcoins, and today I noticed that the machine had rebooted! My precious uptime! Anyway, my miner wouldn't start, so I figured might as well update my graphics driver, maybe that would fix the issue. I went to amd.com and downloaded the newest driver (12.6 legacy), but after installing it, aticonfig gave an error: aticonfig: No supported adapters detected I uninstalled the driver and figured I'd try to install it from apt. AMD has dropped support for the HD 4000 series in fglrx, forcing me to use fglrx-legacy-driver (currently only in experimental). In order to install this, I had to update libc6 (and some other important packages, like gcc), I had to use their wheezy versions. I finally got fglrx-legacy-driver installed, but I still got: aticonfig: No supported adapters detected Why isn't the driver finding my video card? I have a hunch it has something to do with the fact that it's an AGP video card. Here is the output of lspci -v (why does it say Kernel driver in use: fglrx_pci?): 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV730 Pro AGP [Radeon HD 4600 Series] (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Device 0028 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 16 Memory at e0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] I/O ports at de00 [size=256] Memory at fe9f0000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Expansion ROM at fea00000 [disabled] [size=128K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] AGP version 3.0 Kernel driver in use: fglrx_pci EDIT: fglrx 12.4 seems to work. Thing is, since I am on kernel 3.2, I need to apply this patch to common/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/firegl_public.c. I thought ATI dropped support for the 4xxx series after 12.4. Why doesn't 12.6 legacy work?

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  • Switch Before Firewall / Router - Multiple public IPs

    - by rii
    I currently Have a 10Mbit Full duplex circuit connected to a small unmanaged switch which then connects to a Sonicwall Firewall / Router. I have several public IP addresses (/28) that are assigned to several devices in my setup. Now the problem is the small switch I have was lent to me and needs to be returned, I have replaced this switch with several other switches but for some reason any other switch I use causes the network to become extremely slow. I believe this is a problem with the autonegotiation of theses hubs, so I am thinking of purchasing a small managed switch (cisco 300 series) and making the receiving port on the swith Explicitly 10Mbit Full Duplex and see if this works. My question is, being that this is a managed switch and needs an IP, will I still be able to run my public ips through it? Say the circuit has 70.80.4.1 - 7 will I still be able to assign 70.80.4.2 to my firewall and 70.80.4.3 to my router connected to some other port in the switch? Will I have to assign the switch a public IP address in this range as well for it to "route" to those other devices or does the switch does not care what IPs goes through it while operating as a Layer 2 Switch? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advanced!

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  • A router that supports connecting with 2 different wifi networks

    - by Allan Deamon
    I Have the following setup in one place: We have a small local ISP through wireless. I have a external parabolic antenna, connected to a external usb wifi radio, connected through USB to a desktop old PC. The pc connects do the ISP wiki network, then do a Dial Up (PPPoE) connection through the this wifi setup. This will expand with others mobiles devices to be used. When I need, I take my home wireless router and connect though Ethernet in the PC, which is shares the internet. The problem is that the PC must be always ON and working. I would like to buy a wireless router which could be an AP to the mobile devices, notebooks, etc, as also could connect to the ISP Wifi/PPPoE network. So, this device must: Have one radio with detachable antenna to connect to the external antenna. It must connect as client to a network and then dial up the PPP Have another radio serving as AP (infrastructure) to the local place This can't be very expensive. I found a candidate: ( http://www.tp-link.com/en/products/details/?categoryid=1682&model=TL-WR2543ND ) It have 3 deatachable antennas, working with dual band. Officially, his firmware doesn't support it. My supposition: If internally there is 3 or 2 distinct wlan ports (like wlan0, wlan1), and there is support, i could use a OpenWRT, DD-WRT or Tomato to make this works. It also have 1 USB port, which I cold use to connect my actual USB Wifi card on it instead to the old PC. Another alternative, is a router that can do this out of box, with the original firmware. But I don't think this is a easy thing to find.

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  • Why does my microwave kill the Wi-Fi?

    - by Ohlin
    Every time I start the microwave in the kitchen, our home Wi-Fi stops working and all devices lose connection with our router! The kitchen and the Wi-Fi router are in opposite ends of the apartment but devices are being used a little here and there. We've been annoyed by the instability of the Wi-Fi for some time and it wasn't until recently we realized it was correlated to microwave usage. After some testing with having the microwave on and off we could narrow down the problem to only occurring when the router is in b/g/n mode and uses a set channel. If I change to b/g mode or set channel to auto then there is no problem any more...but still! The router is a Zyxel P-661HNU ("802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port Security Gateway" with latest firmware) and the microwave is made by Neff with an effect of 1000W (if this information might be useful to anyone). There is an "internet connection" light on the router and it doesn't go out when the interruption occurs so I think this is only an internal Wi-Fi issue. Now to my questions: What parts of the Wi-Fi can possibly be affected by the microwave usage? Frequency? Disturbances in the electrical system? How can setting Auto on channels make a difference? I thought the different channels were just some kind of separation system within the same frequency spectrum? Could this be a sign that the microwave is malfunctioning and slowly roasting us all at home? Is there any need to be worried? Since we were able to find router settings that cooperate well with our microwave's demand for attention, this question is mainly out of curiosity. But as most people out there...I just can't help the fact that I need to know how it's possible :-)

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