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  • What makes one language any better than another when both are designed for the same goals? [closed]

    - by Justin808
    I'm in the process of creating a grammar for a scripting language but as I'm working on it I started to wonder what makes a language good in the first place. I know the goals for my script but there are always 1000 different ways to go about doing things. Goals: Easy to use and understand (not my grandma could do it easy, but the secretary at the front desk could do it or the VP of marketing could do it type of easy) No user defined functions or subroutines. Its use would be in events of objects in a system similar to HyperCard. Conceptually I was thinking of a language like this: set myVariable to 'Hello World' set counter to 0 repeat 5 times with x begin set counter to counter add x end set myVariable to myVariable plus ' ' plus counter popup myVariable set text of label named 'label' to 'new text' set color of label named 'label' to blue The end result would popup a dialog with the contents Hello World 15 it would also change the text of a label and make it blue. But I could do the same thing 1000 different ways. So what makes one language any better than another when both are designed for the same goals?

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  • Now that Apple's intending to deprecate Java on OS X, what language should I focus on?

    - by Smalltown2000
    After getting shot down on SO, I'll try this here: I'm sure you'll all know of Apple's recent announcement to deprecate Java on OS X (such as discussed here). I've recently come back to programming in the last year or so since I originally learnt on ye olde BASIC many years ago. I have a Mac at home and a PC at work and whilst I have got Windows and Ubuntu installed on my Mac as VMs, I chose to focus my "relearning" on VB first (as it was closest to BASIC) and then rapidly moved to Java as it was cross platform (with minimal effort) and so it was easiest to work on code from both OSes. So my question, if the winds of change on Mac are blowing away from Java and in this post-Sun era, what would be the best language to focus my new efforts on? Please note, this isn't a general "which language is better?" thread and or an opportunity for the associated flame-war. There's plenty of those and it's not the point. I realise that in the long term one shouldn't be allegiant to an individual language so, taking this as an excuse, the question is specifically which is going to be the most quick to be productive on given the background whilst bearing in mind minimum portability rewrites (aspiration rather then requirement) and with a long term value of usage. To that I see the main options as: C# - Closest in "style" to Java but M$ dependent (unless you consider Mono of course) C++ - Hugely complex but if even slightly conquered, then a win? Is it worth the climb up the learning curve? VB.Net - Already have background so easiest to go back to but who uses VB for .Net these days? Surely if using a CLI language I should use C#... Python - Cross-platform but what about UI for the end-user? EDIT: As a usage priority, I envision desktop application programming. Though the ability to branch in the future is always desirable. I guess graphics are the next direction once basics are in place.

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  • Should I learn C?

    - by Justin Standard
    Original Question: Should I Learn C? In the theme of the stackoverflow podcast, here's a fun question: should I learn C? I expect Jeff & Joel will have something to say on this. Some info on my background: Primarily a Java programmer on "enterprisy" systems. Favorite languages: python, scheme 7 years programming experience A very small amount of C++ experience, practically no C experience No immediate "need" to learn C So should I learn C? If so, why? If not, why? C or Assembly? Lots of folks recomending Assembler, so add on question: Is it better to learn C or Assembler? If Assembler, which one? Recommended assemblers so far: Motorolla 68000 Intel Assembler (does he mean x86?) MASM32

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  • General Purpose Language to build a compiler for

    - by Brownie
    Inspired by Eric Sink's interview on the stackoverflow podcast I would like to build a full compiler in my spare time for the learning experience. My initial thought was to build a C compiler but I'm not sure whether it would take too much time. I am wondering if there is a smaller general purpose language that would be more appropriate to implement as a first compiler effort? Or is a C implementation doable on a reasonable timescale (200 hrs)? It is my intention to target the CLR.

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  • What are modern and old compilers written in?

    - by ulum
    As a compiler, other than an interpreter, only needs to translate the input and not run it the performance of itself should be not that problematic as with an interpreter. Therefore, you wouldn't write an interpreter in, let's say Ruby or PHP because it would be far too slow. However, what about compilers? If you would write a compiler in a scripting language maybe even featuring rapid development you could possibly cut the source code and initial development time by halv, at least I think so. To be sure: With scripting language I mean interpreted languages having typical features that make programming faster, easier and more enjoyable for the programmer, usually at least. Examples: PHP, Ruby, Python, maybe JavaScript though that may be an odd choice for a compiler What are compilers normally written in? As I suppose you will respond with something low-level like C, C++ or even Assembler, why? Are there compilers written in scripting languages? What are the (dis)advantages of using low or high level programming languages for compiler writing?

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  • Why are floating point values so prolific?

    - by Kibbee
    So, title says it all. Why are floating point values so prolific in computer programming. Due to problems like rounding errors, and not being able to even accurately represent numbers such as 0.1, I really can't see how they got as far as they did. I understand that the computation is faster with floating point numbers, however, I can think of only a few cases that they actually the right data type would be using. If you sat back and think about every time you used a floating point value, how many times did you say, well, some error would be ok, as long as the result was a few microseconds faster. It really makes me think because Jeff was talking about NP completeness, and how heuristics give an answer that is kind of right. And well, computers shouldn't do that. They should give you the answer that is correct. Yet we see floating point values used in many applications where they are completely not valid. What really bugs me, isn't that floating point exists, but that in many languages, there isn't even a viable alternative, non-floating point, decimal value. A lot of programmers when doing financial applications have to fall back to storing the number of cents in an integer field. Which brings with it all kinds of other problems. Why do floats continue to be so prolific, even though they can't represent the real answer, and we expect computers to be accurate? [EDIT] Just to clarify, I was talking about Base 2 floating points, and not base 10 floating points. .Net offers the Decimal data type, which is a base 10 floating point value which offers a much better representation of the numbers we deal with on a daily basis in most computer programs. I find it hard to believe that even modern languages like Java don't support base 10 floating point values, unless you want to move into the realm of things like BigDecimal, which isn't really the right answer either in a lot of situations.

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  • javascript error "invalid XML attribute value <script language=JavaScript>\n"

    - by kmunky
    i have some javascript files included in my html file for months. It used to work just fine until couple of days ago, now my scripts don't run anymore and i get javascript error "invalid XML attribute value <script language=JavaScript>\n" with firebug. Does anyone know what this error means and how to get rid of it? i guess is something about that newline "\n" but i can't see that in my file if i open it.

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  • Java language features which have no equivalent in C#

    - by jthg
    Having mostly worked with C#, I tend to think in terms of C# features which aren't available in Java. After working extensively with Java over the last year, I've started to discover Java features that I wish were in C#. Below is a list of the ones that I'm aware of. Can anyone think of other Java language features which a person with a C# background may not realize exists? The articles http://www.25hoursaday.com/CsharpVsJava.html and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Java_and_C_Sharp give a very extensive list of differences between Java and C#, but I wonder whether I missed anything in the (very) long articles. I can also think of one feature (covariant return type) which I didn't see mentioned in either article. Please limit answers to language or core library features which can't be effectively implemented by your own custom code or third party libraries. Covariant return type - a method can be overridden by a method which returns a more specific type. Useful when implementing an interface or extending a class and you want a method to override a base method, but return a type more specific to your class. Enums are classes - an enum is a full class in java, rather than a wrapper around a primitive like in .Net. Java allows you to define fields and methods on an enum. Anonymous inner classes - define an anonymous class which implements a method. Although most of the use cases for this in Java are covered by delegates in .Net, there are some cases in which you really need to pass multiple callbacks as a group. It would be nice to have the choice of using an anonymous inner class. Checked exceptions - I can see how this is useful in the context of common designs used with Java applications, but my experience with .Net has put me in a habit of using exceptions only for unrecoverable conditions. I.E. exceptions indicate a bug in the application and are only caught for the purpose of logging. I haven't quite come around to the idea of using exceptions for normal program flow. strictfp - Ensures strict floating point arithmetic. I'm not sure what kind of applications would find this useful. fields in interfaces - It's possible to declare fields in interfaces. I've never used this. static imports - Allows one to use the static methods of a class without qualifying it with the class name. I just realized today that this feature exists. It sounds like a nice convenience.

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  • geocode webservice address parameter written in another language

    - by nicholas
    Dear fellow Programmers, I try to use the following google map webservice in order to locate greek addresses: http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=??ad?µ?a? 16&sensor=false and it does not work. If I hit the same exactly address but written with latin alphabet characters: maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=akadimias 16&sensor=false, it works and returns the right result. Could somebody help with this? (To use this service with greek letters as language parameter) Thank you in advance, Nicholas

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  • What's your take on the programming language Go?

    - by fbrereto
    I've just been told about a new programming language, Go, developed at Google by such notables as Ken Thompson and Rob Pike. Does anyone have any experience with it so far? What are your thoughts about how viable small- and large-scale applications could be developed with it? Relevant links (thanks to Lance Roberts; feel free to update these as necessary): Ars-Technica PC World Google Open Source Blog Tech Talk Video Go Mailing List

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  • generalizing the pumping lemma for UNIX-style regular expressions

    - by Avi
    Most UNIX regular expressions have, besides the usual *,+,? operators a backslash operator where \1,\2,... match whatever's in the last parentheses, so for example L=(a)b\1* matches the (non regular) language a^n b a^n On one hand, this seems to be pretty powerful since you can create (a*)b\1b\1 to match the language a^n b a^n b a^n which can't even be recognized by a stack automaton. On the other hand, I'm pretty sure a^n b^n cannot be expressed this way. Two questions: 1. Is there any literature on this family of languages (UNIX-y regular). In particular, is there a version of the pumping lemma for these? 2. Can someone prove (or perhaps disprove) that a^n b^n cannot be expressed this way? Thanks

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  • Hidden Features of HTML

    - by Binoj Antony
    HTML being the most widely used language (at least as a markup language) has not gotten its due credit. Considering that it has been around for so many years, things like the FORM / INPUT controls have still remained same with no new controls added. So at least from the existing features, do you know any that are not well known but very useful. Of course, this question is along the lines of: Hidden Features of JavaScript Hidden Features of CSS Hidden Features of C# Hidden Features of VB.NET Hidden Features of Java Hidden Features of ASP.NET Hidden Features of Python Hidden Features of TextPad Hidden Features of Eclipse Do not mention features of HTML 5.0, since it is in working draft Please specify one feature per answer.

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  • Doubts in ada language

    - by maddy
    HI all, I am a beginner in the ada language.I have an short piece of code.Can anyone please tel me what does it mean? type Myarr_Type is array (Character) of Character; Myarr : Myarr_Type; C1 : character := character'first; C2 : character := character'last; My question is 1)What does C1 and C2 contain according to the above code? Please do excuse if this is really silly.I dont have an ada compiler to check the contents of this variable Regards Maddy

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  • Why doesn't Python require exactly four spaces per indentation level?

    - by knorv
    Whitespace is signification in Python in that code blocks are defined by their indentation. Furthermore, Guido van Rossum recommends using four spaces per indentation level (see PEP 8: Style Guide for Python Code). What was the reasoning behind not requiring exactly four spaces per indentation level as well? Are there any technical reasons? It seems like all the arguments that can be made for making whitespace define code blocks can also be used to argument for setting an exact whitespace length for one indentation level (say four spaces).

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  • CSS/JavaScript/hacking: Detect :visited styling on a link *without* checking it directly OR do it fa

    - by Sai Emrys
    This is for research purposes on http://cssfingerprint.com Consider the following code: <style> div.csshistory a { display: none; color: #00ff00;} div.csshistory a:visited { display: inline; color: #ff0000;} </style> <div id="batch" class="csshistory"> <a id="1" href="http://foo.com">anything you want here</a> <a id="2" href="http://bar.com">anything you want here</a> [etc * ~2000] </div> My goal is to detect whether foo has been rendered using the :visited styling. I want to detect whether foo.com is visited without directly looking at $('1').getComputedStyle (or in Internet Explorer, currentStyle), or any other direct method on that element. The purpose of this is to get around a potential browser restriction that would prevent direct inspection of the style of visited links. For instance, maybe you can put a sub-element in the <a> tag, or check the styling of the text directly; etc. Any method that does not directly or indierctly rely on $('1').anything is acceptable. Doing something clever with the child or parent is probably necessary. Note that for the purposes of this point only, the scenario is that the browser will lie to JavaScript about all properties of the <a> element (but not others), and that it will only render color: in :visited. Therefore, methods that rely on e.g. text size or background-image will not meet this requirement. I want to improve the speed of my current scraping methods. The majority of time (at least with the jQuery method in Firefox) is spent on document.body.appendChild(batch), so finding a way to improve that call would probably most effective. See http://cssfingerprint.com/about and http://cssfingerprint.com/results for current speed test results. The methods I am currently using can be seen at http://github.com/saizai/cssfingerprint/blob/master/public/javascripts/history_scrape.js To summarize for tl;dr, they are: set color or display on :visited per above, and check each one directly w/ getComputedStyle put the ID of the link (plus a space) inside the <a> tag, and using jQuery's :visible selector, extract only the visible text (= the visited link IDs) FWIW, I'm a white hat, and I'm doing this in consultation with the EFF and some other fairly well known security researchers. If you contribute a new method or speedup, you'll get thanked at http://cssfingerprint.com/about (if you want to be :-P), and potentially in a future published paper. ETA: The bounty will be rewarded only for suggestions that can, on Firefox, avoid the hypothetical restriction described in point 1 above, or perform at least 10% faster, on any browser for which I have sufficient current data, than my best performing methods listed in the graph at http://cssfingerprint.com/about In case more than one suggestion fits either criterion, the one that does best wins.

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