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• Python 3: Recursivley find if number is even

  - by pythonhack

  I am writing a program that must find if a number is even or not. It needs to follow this template. I can get it to find if a number is even or not recursively (call function and subtract 2, base case zero), but I am having a hard time following this template, based on how the isEven function is called in the main function. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Write a recursive function called isEven that finds whether a number is even or not: def isEven() #recursivley determine whether number is even or not def main(): number=int(input(“Enter a number : “)) if (isEven(number)): print(“Number is even”) else: print(“Number is not even”) main() Thank you! Appreciate it.

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• Display values and how many times they occured using a Dictionary

  - by user1730056

  I've been told to By using a dictionary (or your solution to Part 4), write a method at_least(a, n) that takes a list, a, and an integer, n, as arguments and returns a list containing only the elements of a that occur at least n times. For complete marks, the list should contain the elements in order of their first occurrence in a. I was able to figure this without using a dictionary, with def at_least2(a, n): return [x for x in a if a.count(x) is n] I was wondering how I can write this using a dictionary? The input is: a = [-6, 8, 7, 3, 2, -9, 1, -3, 2, -4, 4, -8, 7, 8, 2, -2, -7, 0, 1, -9, -3, -7, -3, -5, 6, -3, 6, -3, -10, -8] def at_least(a, 2): and the output: [8, 7, 2, -9, 1, -3, 2, -8, 7, 8, 2, -7, 1, -9, -3, -7, -3, 6, -3, 6, -3, -8] Edit: I don't understand how a dictionary is being used, yet the output isn't in dictionary form? My understanding is that dictionaries have values for each object. I'm not sure if I'm using the right terms.

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• Globals across modules

  - by Coder1

  Wow, this seems so basic, but I can't get it to work. All I need to do is store a global dict which can be accessed and modified from other modules & threads. What's the "best practices" way of achieving this? test.py import testmodule class MyClassA(): def __init__(self, id): self.id = id if __name__ == '__main__': global classa_dict classa_dict = {} classa_dict[1] = MyClassA(1) classa_dict[2] = MyClassA(2) testing = testmodule.TestModule() testmodule.py class TestModule(): def __init__(self): global classa_dict print classa_dict[2] output $ python test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 13, in <module> testing = testmodule.TestModule() File "/path/to/project/testmodule.py", line 4, in __init__ print classa_dict[2] NameError: global name 'classa_dict' is not defined

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• Weird NodeBuilder and GPath behaviour in Grails

  - by yogiebiz

  Hi, I am quite new with Grails and now I have a problem while using NodeBuilder and GPath. Here is the code snippet def builder = new NodeBuilder() def menu = builder.menu { header(title: "header 1") { submenu(title: "submenu 1.1") submenu(title: "submenu 1.2") } header(title: "header 2") } menu.grep { println it.'@title' When I executed it with Groovy 1.7.2, the result was: header 1 header 2 which just like I expected. But when I executed the code in Grails 1.3.1, the result was different. The result was: submenu 1.1 submenu 1.2 any idea why this happened?

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• function to efficiently check a change of value in a nested hashmap

  - by zcaudate

  the motivation is for checking what has changed in a deeply nest map, kind of like a reverse of update-in. This is a simple example: (def p1 {:a {:a1 :1 :a2 :2} :b {:b1 :1 :b2 :2}}) (def p2 (update-in p1 [:a :a1] (constantly :updated)) ;; => {:a {:a1 :updated :a2 :2} ;; :b {:b1 :1 :b2 :2}} (what-changed? p1 p2) ;; => {:keys [:a :a1] :value :updated) (what-changed? p2 p1) ;; => {:keys [:a :a1] :value :2) I'm hoping that because clojure maps are persistent data-structures, there may be a smart algorithm to figure this out by looking at the underlying structure as opposed to walking through the nested maps and comparing the difference.

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• making a programming language

  - by None

  I was wondering which way would create a faster programming language, because I have tried both. Writing code that takes the text, splits it by whitespace or newlines or something, then processes each line and has a dictionary for variables. Or writing code that takes text and converts it to another programming language. This is an example of how a very simple version of the first way would be programmed in python: def run(code): text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": print "hi" second: def run(code): rcode = "" text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": rcode += "print 'hi'"

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• Rails 2.3.5: flash[:notice] disappears after redirect_to call

  - by xyzman

  Here I've got two controller methods: def invite if request.post? begin email = AccountMailer.create_invite(@user,url) AccountMailer.deliver(email) flash[:notice] = "Invitation email sent to #{@user.email}" rescue #mail delivery failed flash[:error] = "Failed to deliver invitation" end redirect_to :action => :show, :id => @user.id end end and def show @title = "User #{@user.full_name}" end The problem is, when I send an invitation, and get redirected to ./show, I see no messages at all. If I change redirect_to to render, the message appears. Still, isn't it intended for flash to work in the immediate subsequent requests? BTW, I'm using Rails+Passenger setup, could it be so that redirected request goes to another application instance?

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• Grails: can remoteField update multiple fields?

  - by Michael Bavin

  Hi, Assume i have a book entity with an isbn field. When entered a isbn number, i want 2 fields to be updated: title and author. My controller looks like this: def ajaxGetBook = { def book = Book.findByIsbn(params.isbn) if(book==null) book = new Book() render book as JSON } So my call works, and i get a full JSON Book. Now i would like to update 2 texfields by the update attribute <g:remoteField action="ajaxGetBook" update="title" name="isbn" value="${bookInstance?.book?.isbn}" paramName="isbn"/> Now the title field gets updated with the full book object, so that doesn't work. Is it possible to update field title with only the JSON book.title? Is it possible to update more fields at once? I could render book.title as JSON but that works for only one field. Thank you

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• How to read line after finding a pattern?

  - by Jonathan Low

  i've got a "CHANNEL(SYSTEM.DEF.SVRCONN) CHLTYPE(SVRCONN)" "id=3" what i want to do is to retrieve the id after i do a search on the file and found the first line. open (CHECKFILE8, "$file"); while (<CHECKFILE8>) #while loop to loop through each line in the file { chomp; #take out each line by line $datavalue = $_; #store into var , $datavalue. $datavalue =~ s/^\s+//; #Remove multiple spaces and change to 1 space from the front $datavalue =~ s/\s+$//; #Remove multiple spaces and change to 1 space from the back $datavalue =~ s/[ \t]+/ /g; #remove multiple "tabs" and replace with 1 space if($datavalue eq "CHANNEL(SYSTEM.DEF.SVRCONN) CHLTYPE(SVRCONN)") { // HOW TO READ THE NEXT LINE? } } } close(CHECKFILE8); } Thanks

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• Partially flattening a list

  - by alj

  This is probably a really silly question but, given the example code at the bottom, how would I get a single list that retain the tuples? (I've looked at the itertools but it flattens everything) What I currently get is: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') [('focus', 30, 'text'), ('fiesta', 30, 'text'), ('mondeo', 30, 'text'), ('puma', 30, 'text')] ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') what I would like is a single level list like: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') ('focus', 30, 'text') ('fiesta', 30, 'text') ('mondeo', 30, 'text') ('puma', 30, 'text') ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') def getproducts(): temp_list=[] product_list=['focus','fiesta','mondeo','puma'] #usually this would come from a db for p in product_list: temp_list.append((p,30,'text')) return temp_list def createlist(): column_title_list = ( ("id",20,"integer"), ("companyname",50,"text"), getproducts(), ("contact",50,"text"), ("email",50,"text"), ) return column_title_list for item in createlist(): print item Thanks ALJ

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• Why isn't the eigenclass equivalent to self.class, when it looks so similar?

  - by The Wicked Flea

  I've missed the memo somewhere, and I hope you'll explain this to me. Why is the eigenclass of an object different from self.class? class Foo def initialize(symbol) eigenclass = class << self self end eigenclass.class_eval do attr_accessor symbol end end end My train of logic that equates the eigenclass with class.self is rather simple: class << self is a way of declaring class methods, rather than instance methods. It's a shortcut to def Foo.bar. So within the reference to the class object, returning self should be identical to self.class. This is because class << self would set self to Foo.class for definition of class methods/attributes. Am I just confused? Or, is this a sneaky trick of Ruby meta-programming?

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• Selenium selected option in dropdown not displayed correctly

  - by luckyfool

  I have the following issue with Selenium Webdriver. There are two dropdown menus on a page i am testing "brand" and "items". The options of "items" depend on which brand you choose. I am trying to iterate through all possible choices and print brand-item pairs. I use two possible ways to pick an option from each dropdown menu Using Select(): def retryingSelectOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: element=Select(driver.find_element_by_name(name)) element.select_by_index(n) print element.all_selected_options[0].text result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result And using .click(): def retryingClickOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: driver.find_element_by_name(name).find_elements_by_tag_name("option")[n].click() result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result My problem is that at ,what seem to me as random moments (sometimes it works sometimes it does not), even though the above functions return True and printing out the selected option shows me the correct answer, the browser still displays the previous option. So basically Selenium tells me i have picked the right option but the browser displays the previous one.No idea what is wrong.

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• Wait until a webpage finished loading to load the next one in a list

  - by envy

  Hi! I'm using PyQT webView to visit some webpages I have stored on a dictionary the code is something like this: def loadLink(self, url): manager = QNetworkAccessManager() request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url)) self.ui.webView.load(QUrl(visitar)) def readUnreadLinks(self): print "Links to read: " + str(len(self.unreadLinks)) for link in self.unreadLinks: print "link-> " + str(link) self.loadLink(link) the problem is it doesn't wait until finished loading the web page and starts loading the next one. I want to load a webpage, wait until it finished loading and then load the next one. Thanks, this is driving me crazy :)

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• before_filter not inheriting from parent controller correctly?

  - by Scott

  Sorry if this may be a stupid question but I'm unable get my filters to inherit the way the Rails 3 documentation is saying it should. Specifically I have an Admin controller that was generated via: rails generate controller admin I added only a single action to the admin controller, the before filter & the private filter method class AdminController < ApplicationController before_filter require_admin_creds def index end private def require_admin_creds unless current_user && current_user.admin? flash[:error] = ... redirect_to .... end end end I next then created my nested resources under the admin section with: rails generate scaffold admin/model While my admin index is indeed getting the filter, the admin/model index (or any other actions) are not. What is happening under the hood here that I must have excluded? Thanks in advance.

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• difference between 2 pieces Python code

  - by draw

  Hello, I'm doing an exercise as following: # B. front_x # Given a list of strings, return a list with the strings # in sorted order, except group all the strings that begin with 'x' first. # e.g. ['mix', 'xyz', 'apple', 'xanadu', 'aardvark'] yields # ['xanadu', 'xyz', 'aardvark', 'apple', 'mix'] # Hint: this can be done by making 2 lists and sorting each of them # before combining them. sample solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] listO = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) else: listO.append(w) listX.sort() listO.sort() return listX + listO my solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) words.remove(w) listX.sort() words.sort() return listX + words as I tested my solution, the result is a little weird. Here is the source code with my solution: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/list1.py. You might want to try it out.

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• is counter has certain value inside a class in python

  - by mazlor

  i am learning classes in python and when i was reading the documentation i found this example that i didn't understand : class MyClass: """A simple example class""" def __init__(self): self.data = [] i = 12345 def f(self): return 'hello world' then if we assign : x = MyClass() x.counter = 1 now if we implement while loop : while x.counter < 10: x.counter = x.counter * 2 so the value of x.counter will be : 16 while for example if we have a variable y : y = 1 while y < 1 : y = y *2 then if we look for the value of y we find it 1 so i don't know how is the value of counter became 16 . thanks

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• super(type,subclass) in simple singleton implementation

  - by Tianchen Wu

  when I was implementing naive singleton in python, I came up with a problem with super key word. As usual the behavior of super is always tricky and buggy, hope someone can shed light on it. Thanks :) The problem is that: class Singleton(object): def __new__(cls,*args,**kw): if not hasattr(cls,'_instance'): #create a instance of type cls, origin=super(Singleton,Singleton).__new__(cls,*args,**kw) cls._instance=origin return cls._instance class B(Singleton): def __init__(self,b): self.b=b It actually works, but I am wondering Will it be better if I change line 5 to the below, like in most of the books? origin=super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**ks) what's the difference to make?

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• Rails - How to connect Helper to Controller Module

  - by red eye

  I have helper: module BreadcrumbsHelper def breadcrumbs_cache_wrap(key, options, &block) ... end end And i extract part of Controller to module: module ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs def default_breadcrumbs ... end class ApplicationController include ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs ... end Now i want to connect Helper to Controller. I can do it like this: class ApplicationController include ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs helper :breadcrumbs ... end It's working. But can i incapsulate connection to Breadcrumbs Module? module ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs helper :breadcrumbs ... end Unfortunately this code is not working "undefined method `helper'".

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• How can I change ruby log level in unit tests based on context

  - by Stuart

  I'm new to ruby so forgive me if this is simple or I get some terminology wrong. I've got a bunch of unit tests (actually they're integration tests for another project, but they use ruby test/unit) and they all include from a module that sets up an instance variable for the log object. When I run the individual tests I'd like log.level to be debug, but when I run a suite I'd like log.level to be error. Is it possible to do this with the approach I'm taking, or does the code need to be restructured? Here's a small example of what I have so far. The logging module: #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'logger' module MyLog def setup @log = Logger.new(STDOUT) @log.level = Logger::DEBUG end end A test: #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'test/unit' require 'mylog' class Test1 < Test::Unit::TestCase include MyLog def test_something @log.info("About to test something") # Test goes here @log.info("Done testing something") end end A test suite made up of all the tests in its directory: #!/usr/bin/env ruby Dir.foreach(".") do |path| if /it-.*\.rb/.match(File.basename(path)) require path end end

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• testing existing attribute of a @classmethod function, yields AttributeError

  - by alex

  i have a function which is a class method, and i want to test a attribute of the class which may or may not be None, but will exist always. class classA(): def __init__(self, var1, var2 = None): self.attribute1 = var1 self.attribute2 = var2 @classmethod def func(self,x): if self.attribute2 is None: do something i get the error AttributeError: class classA has no attribute 'attributeB' when i access the attribute like i showed but if on command line i can see it works, x = classA() x.attributeB is None True so the test works. if i remove the @classmethod decorator from func, the problem disapears. if i leave the @classmethod decorator, it only seems to affect variables which are supplied default values in the super-class's constructor. whats going on in the above code?

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• Programming in Python; writing a Caesar Cipher using a zip() method

  - by user1068153

  I'm working on a python program for homework and the problem asks me to develop a program that encrypts a message using a caesar cipher. I need to be able to have the user input a number to shift the encryption by, such as 4: e.g. 'A' to 'E'. The user also needs to input the string to be translated. The book says to use a zip() to do the problem. I am confused on how I would do this though. I have this but it doesn't do anything >>>def ceasarCipher(string, shift): strings = ['abc', 'def'] shifts = [2,3] for string, shift in zip(strings, shifts): print ceasarCipher(string,shift) >>>string = 'hello world' >>>shift = 1

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• Method overloading in groovy

  - by slojo

  I am trying to take advantage of the convenience of groovy's scripting syntax to assign properties, but having trouble with a specific case. I must be missing something simple here. I define class A, B, C as so: class A { A() { println "Constructed class A!" } } class B { B() { println "Constructed class B!" } } class C { private member C() { println "Constructed class C!" } def setMember(A a) { println "Called setMember(A)!" member = a } def setMember(B b) { println "Called setMember(B)!" member = b } } And then try the following calls in a script: c = new C() c.setMember(new A()) // works c.member = new A() // works c.setMember(new B()) // works c.member = new B() // doesn't work! The last assignment results in an error: 'Cannot cast object of class B to class A". Why doesn't it call the proper setMember method for class B like it does for class A?

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• How do I find all the datetimes that happen on a particular date in ruby?

  - by Angela

  I have a method which goes through each day of the week: def dates_week(d, delim) "<tr>" + (d.beginning_of_week...(d.beginning_of_week+5)).map do |day| "<#{delim}> #{yield(day)} </#{delim}>" end.join + "</tr>" end For each day of the week, I plug that as an arg into a method (or maybe a named_scope, haven't figured out which), that will then output the .count for :all the emails that have a :date_sent on that date. However, :date_sent is a date-timestamp, so I can't use == as I have below. def sent_emails_by_date(date) ContactEmail.find(:all, :conditions => "date_sent = '#{date}'" " ).count end How do I find all the emails that fall on the day for the date passed through from the method which loops through a week as shown above?

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• Rails create_table query

  - by Steve

  Hi, I am a beginner in Rails. In the following code,there is an id which is set as false. What's the meaning of it? class CreateCoursesStudents < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :courses_students, :id => false do |t| t.integer :course_id, :null => false t.integer :student_id, :null => false end # Add index to speed up looking up the connection, and ensure # we only enrol a student into each course once add_index :courses_students, [:course_id, :student_id], :unique => true end def self.down remove_index :courses_students, :column => [:course_id, :student_id] drop_table :courses_students end end Thanks

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• In scala can I pass repeated parameters to other methods?

  - by Fred Haslam

  Here is something I can do in java, take the results of a repeated parameter and pass it to another method: public void foo(String ... args){bar(args);} public void bar(String ... args){System.out.println("count="+args.length);} In scala it would look like this: def foo(args:String*) = bar(args) def bar(args:String*) = println("count="+args.length) But this won't compile, the bar signature expects a series of individual strings, and the args passed in is some non-string structure. For now I'm just passing around arrays. It would be very nice to use starred parameters. Is there some way to do it?

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