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• Get class of caller's method (via inspect) in Python; or: super(Class,self).method() replacement wit

  - by Slava Vishnyakov

  Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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• "Personal" method in ruby

  - by steve gooberman-hill

  I'm looking for a way of making a method "personal" - note NOT PRIVATE to a class here is an example - by "personal" I mean the behaviour of method "foo" class A def foo "foo" end end class B < A def foo "bar" end end class C < B end a=A.new; b=B.new;c=C.new I'm looking for a way of producing the following behaviour a.foo #=> "foo" b.foo #=> "bar" c.foo #=> "foo" (ultimate base class method called) Any ideas? Thanks Steve

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• Django models & Python class attributes

  - by Geo

  The tutorial on the django website shows this code for the models: from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() Now, each of those attribute, is a class attribute, right? So, the same attribute should be shared by all instances of the class. A bit later, they present this code: class Poll(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.choice How did they turn from class attributes into instance attributes? Did I get class attributes wrong?

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• Breadth first search all paths

  - by Amndeep7

  First of all, thank you for looking at this question. For a school assignment we're supposed to create a BFS algorithm and use it to do various things. One of these things is that we're supposed to find all of the paths between the root and the goal nodes of a graph. I have no idea how to do this as I can't find a way to keep track of all of the alternate routes without also including copies/cycles. Here is my BFS code: def makePath(predecessors, last): return makePath(predecessors, predecessors[last]) + [last] if last else [] def BFS1b(node, goal): Q = [node] predecessor = {node:None} while Q: current = Q.pop(0) if current[0] == goal: return makePath(predecessor, goal) for subnode in graph[current[0]][2:]: if subnode[0] not in predecessor: predecessor[subnode[0]] = current[0] Q.append(subnode[0]) A conceptual push in the right direction would be greatly appreciated. tl;dr How do I use BFS to find all of the paths between two nodes?

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• Multlingual redirect

  - by israkir

  I want to ignore the post form in the django's internatonalization. I am using the django-multilingual app, so I have different fields for different languages in the db. I come up with this idea: For each language, from the index.html page, redirect to a different url (e.g. /en/ or /de/ or /zh/). And each view of this urls, set the session according to the language like this: def set_lang_en(request): request.session['django_language'] = 'en' render_to_response("home.html") def set_lang_zh(request): request.session['django_language'] = 'zh-cn' render_to_response("home.html") Interestingly, this does the job, but if i refresh the page again after redirection (home.html). Why it is like this? And how can solve this problem either in my direction or other one?

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• Rectangle Rotation in Python/Pygame

  - by mramazingguy

  Hey I'm trying to rotate a rectangle around its center and when I try to rotate the rectangle, it moves up and to the left at the same time. Does anyone have any ideas on how to fix this? def rotatePoint(self, angle, point, origin): sinT = sin(radians(angle)) cosT = cos(radians(angle)) return (origin[0] + (cosT * (point[0] - origin[0]) - sinT * (point[1] - origin[1])), origin[1] + (sinT * (point[0] - origin[0]) + cosT * (point[1] - origin[1]))) def rotateRect(self, degrees): center = (self.collideRect.centerx, self.collideRect.centery) self.collideRect.topleft = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.topleft, center) self.collideRect.topright = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.topright, center) self.collideRect.bottomleft = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.bottomleft, center) self.collideRect.bottomright = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.bottomright, center)

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• RubyMotion Error When Using setTranslucent

  - by Sam Morris

  I'm getting the following error when trying rake a project I'm working on, and I can't figure out why. The message happens no matter what variable I sent it. Objective-C stub for message `setTranslucent:' type `v@:c' not precompiled. Make sure you properly link with the framework or library that defines this message Here's my app_delegate file for reference. class AppDelegate def application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:launchOptions) navigation_appearance @window = UIWindow.alloc.initWithFrame(UIScreen.mainScreen.bounds) tableView = StopsController.alloc.init @window.rootViewController = UINavigationController.alloc.initWithRootViewController(tableView) @window.makeKeyAndVisible true end def navigation_appearance UINavigationBar.appearance.setBackgroundImage UIImage.imageNamed('navbar_bg.png'), forBarMetrics: UIBarMetricsDefault UINavigationBar.appearance.setTranslucent(true) UINavigationBar.appearance.setShadowImage UIImage.imageNamed('navbar_shadow.png') end end

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• Rails 3 Join Question for Votes Table

  - by Dex

  I have a table posts and a polymorphic table votes. The votes table looks like this: create_table :votes do |t| t.references :user # user_id t.vote # the vote value t.references :votable # votable_type and votable_id end I want to list all posts that the user has not yet voted on. Right now I'm basically taking all the posts they've already voted on and subtracting that from the entire set of posts. It works but it's not very convenient as I currently have it. def self.where_not_voted_on_by(user) sql = "SELECT P.* FROM posts P LEFT OUTER JOIN (" sql << where_voted_on_by(user).to_sql sql << ") ALREADY_VOTED_FOR ON P.id = ALREADY_VOTED_FOR.id WHERE (user_id is null)" puts sql resultset = connection.select_all(sql) results = [] resultset.each do |r| results << Post.new(r) end results end def self.where_voted_on_by(user) joins(:votes.outer).where("user_id = #{user.id}").select("posts.*, votes.user_id") end

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• Avoiding class_eval in Ruby metaprogramming

  - by Peter

  I want to have a return_empty_set class method in Ruby, similar to the attr_reader methods. My proposed implementation is class Class def return_empty_set *list list.each do |x| class_eval "def #{x}; Set.new; end" end end end and example usage: class Foo return_empty_set :one end Foo.new.one # returns #<Set: {}> but resorting to a string seems like quite a hack. Is there a cleaner or better way to write this, perhaps avoiding class_eval? Or is this the best way to go?

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• Ruby on Rails: restrict file type with Paperclip using a flash uploader

  - by aperture

  I have a pretty basic Paperclip Upload model that is attached to a User model through has_many, and am using Uploadify to do the actual uploading. Flash sends all files with the content type of "application/octet-stream" so using validates_attachment_content_type rejects all files. In my create action, I am able to get the mime-type from the original file name, but only after it's been saved, with: def coerce(params) h = Hash.new h[:upload] = Hash.new h[:upload][:attachment].content_type = MIME::Types.type_for(h[:upload][:attachment].original_filename).to_s ... end and def create diff_params = coerce(params) @upload = Upload.new(diff_params[:upload]) ... end What would be the best way of white listing file types? I am thinking a before_validation method, but I'm not sure how that would work. Any ideas would be welcome.

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• Python:How to override inner class methods if the inner class is defined as a property of the top cl

  - by Maddy

  I have a code snippet like this class A(object): class b: def print_hello(self): print "Hello world" b = property(b) And I want to override the inner class 'b'(please dont worry about the lowercase name) behaviour. Say, I want to add a new method or I want to change an existing method, like: class C(A): class b(A.b): def print_hello(self): print "Inner Class: Hello world" b = property(b) Now if I create C's object as c = C(), and call c.b I get TypeError: 'property' object is not callable error. How would I get pass this and call print_hello of the extended inner class? Disclaimer: I dont want to change the code for A class.

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• How do I override a Spring bean definition yet still reference the overriden bean?

  - by Kevin

  I'm attempting to implement a delegate Service provider by overriding the bean definition for the original service with my delegate Service. However, as the name would imply, the delegate Service needs a reference to the original service to delegate calls to. I'm having trouble figuring out how to override the bean definition while using the original bean def without running into a circular reference issue. For example: <!-- Original service def in spring-context.xml --> <bean id="service" class="com.mycompany.Service"/> <!-- Overridden definition in spring-plugin-context.xml --> <bean id="service" class="com.mycompany.DelegatedService"/> <constructor-arg ref="service"/> </bean> Is this possible?

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• How to discover table properties from SQLAlchemy mapped object

  - by ssaboum

  Hi, My point is i have a class mapped with a table, in my case in a declarative way, and i want to "discover" table properties, columns, names, relations, from this class : engine = create_engine('sqlite:///' + databasePath, echo=True) # setting up root class for declarative declaration Base = declarative_base(bind=engine) class Ship(Base): __tablename__ = 'ships' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(255)) def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def __repr__(self): return "<Ship('%s')>" % (self.name) So now my goal is from the "Ship" class to get the table columns and their properties from another piece of code. I guess i can deal with it using instrumentation but is there any way provided by the SQLAlchemy API ? Thank you.

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• Python metaprogramming help

  - by Timmy

  im looking into mongoengine, and i wanted to make a class an "EmbeddedDocument" dynamically, so i do this def custom(cls): cls = type( cls.__name__, (EmbeddedDocument,), cls.__dict__.copy() ) cls.a = FloatField(required=True) cls.b = FloatField(required=True) return cls A = custom( A ) and tried it on some classes, but its not doing some of the base class's init or sumthing in BaseDocument def __init__(self, **values): self._data = {} # Assign initial values to instance for attr_name, attr_value in self._fields.items(): if attr_name in values: setattr(self, attr_name, values.pop(attr_name)) else: # Use default value if present value = getattr(self, attr_name, None) setattr(self, attr_name, value) but this never gets used, thus never setting ._data, and giving me errors. how do i do this?

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• Python implementation of avro slow?

  - by lazy1

  I'm reading some data from avro file using the avro library. It takes about a minute to load 33K objects from the file. This seem very slow to me, specially with the Java version reading the same file in about 1sec. Here is the code, am I doing something wrong? import avro.datafile import avro.io from time import time def load(filename): fo = open(filename, "rb") reader = avro.datafile.DataFileReader(fo, avro.io.DatumReader()) for i, record in enumerate(reader): pass return i + 1 def main(argv=None): import sys from argparse import ArgumentParser argv = argv or sys.argv parser = ArgumentParser(description="Read avro file") start = time() num_records = load("events.avro") end = time() print("{0} records in {1} seconds".format(num_records, end - start)) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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• urlopen error [errno 111] connection refused

  - by Ui-Gyun Jeong

  I am doing python exercise with a book 'headfirst python' and making android app by using python and sl4a my code is import android import json import time from urllib import urlencode from urllib2 import urlopen hello_msg = "Welcome to Coach Kelly's Timing App" list_title = 'Here is your list of athletes:' quit_msg = "Quitting Coach Kelly's App." web_server = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080' get_names_cgi = '/cgi-bin/generate_name.py' def send_to_server(url, post_data=None): if post_data: page = urlopen(url, urlencode(post_data)) else: page = urlopen(url) return(page.read().decode("utf8")) app = android.Android() def status_update(msg, how_long=2): app.makeToast(msg) time.sleep(how_long) status_update(hello_msg) athlete_names = sorted(json.loads(send_to_server(web_server + get_names_cgi))) app.dialogCreateAlert(list_title) app.dialogSetSingleChoiceItems(athlete_names) app.dialogSetPositiveButtonText('Select') app.dialogSetNegativeButtonText('Quit') app.dialogShow() resp = app.dialogGetResponse().result status_update(quit_msg) this is my code and the result is what is the problem??? I can not figure out what the problem is...

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• Trimming a vector of strings

  - by dreamlax

  I have an std::vector of std::strings containing data similar to this: [0] = "" [1] = "Abc" [2] = "Def" [3] = "" [4] = "Ghi" [5] = "" [6] = "" How can I get a vector containing the 4 strings from 1 to 4? (i.e. I want to trim all blank strings from the start and end of the vector): [0] = "Abc" [1] = "Def" [2] = "" [3] = "Ghi" Currently, I am using a forward iterator to make my way up to "Abc" and a reverse iterator to make my way back to "Ghi", and then constructing a new vector using those iterators. This method works, but I want to know if there is an easier way to trim these elements. P.S. I'm a C++ noob. Edit Also, I should mention that the vector may be composed entirely of blank strings, in which case a 0-sized vector would be the desired result.

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• Asynchrous calls cause StaleObjectStateException

  - by Mulone

  Hi all, I'm struggling with a Grails service. The service gets AJAX calls from the clients and behaves like a simple local cache for remote objects: void **someCallFromClient**() { // extract params def results = remoteService.queryService(params) results.each{ // try to fetch result object from local DB def obj = SomeClass.findBySomeField(result.someField) if (!obj){ obj = new Result(params) obj.save() } // do stuff on obj } } The service works fine when only one client is connected, but as soon as 2 or more clients start bombing the server with requests, I start getting: 2010-05-24 13:09:49,764 [30893094@qtp-26315919-2] ERROR errors.GrailsExceptionResolver - Row was updated or deleted by another transaction (or unsaved-value mapping was incorrect): [ some object #892901] org.hibernate.StaleObjectStateException: Row was updated or deleted by another transaction (or unsaved-value mapping was incorrect): [ some object #892901] // very long stactrace It probably happens when 2 calls are trying to create the same object concurrently. I suppose this is a rather typical situation to end up in. Could you recommend any pattern/good practice to fix this issue? For example, is there a way to say to one of the service instances to hang on and wait for the other to finish its stuff and try again? Cheers!

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• defining information out of class

  - by calccrypto

  is there a way to define a value within a class in the __init__ part, send it to some variable outside of the class without calling another function within the class? like class c: def __init__(self, a): self.a = a b = 4 # do something like this so that outside of class c, # b is set to 4 automatically when i use class c def function(self): ... # whatever. this doesnt matter i have multiple classes that have different values for b. i could just make a list that tells the computer to change b, but i would rather set b within each class

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• How to make a Scala Applet whose Applet class is a singleton?

  - by Jamie

  Hi, I don't know if a solution exists but it would be highly desirable. I'm making a Scala Applet, and I want the main Applet class to be a singleton so it can be accessed elsewhere in the applet, sort of like: object App extends Applet { def init { // do init here } } Instead I have to make the App class a normal instantiatable class otherwise it complains because the contructor is private. So the ugly hack I have is to go: object A { var pp: App = null } class App extends Applet { A.pp = this def init { // do init here } } I really hate this, and is one of the reasons I don't like making applets in Scala right now. Any better solution? It would be nice...

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• How to create an entity with a composite primary key containing a generated value.

  - by David

  Using Hibernate + annotations, I'm trying to do the following: Two entities, Entity1 and Entity2. Entity1 contains a simple generated value primary key. Entity2 primary key is composed by a simple generated value + the id of entity one (with a many to one relationship) Unfortunately, I can't make it work. Here is an excerpt of the code: @Entity public class Entity1 { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String name; ... } @Entity public class Entity2 { @EmbeddedId private Entity2PK pk = new Entity2PK(); private String miscData; ... } @Embeddable public class Entity2PK implements Serializable { @GeneratedValue private Long id; @ManyToOne private Entity1 entity; } void test() { Entity1 e1 = new Entity1(); e1.setName("nameE1"); Entity2 e2 = new Entity2(); e2.setEntity1(e1); e2.setMiscData("test"); Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction(); try { transaction.begin(); session.save(e1); session.save(e2); transaction.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { transaction.rollback(); } finally { session.close(); } } When I run the test method I get the following errors: Hibernate: insert into Entity1 (id, name) values (null, ?) Hibernate: call identity() Hibernate: insert into Entity2 (miscData, entity_id, id) values (?, ?, ?) 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions WARNING: SQL Error: 0, SQLState: null 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions SEVERE: failed batch 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener performExecutions SEVERE: Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:103) at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:91) at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:254) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:298) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:27) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1001) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:339) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:106) at test.App.main(App.java:32) Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: failed batch at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source) at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcPreparedStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source) at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:48) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:247) ... 8 more Note that I use HSQLDB. Any ideas about what is wrong ?

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• Scala : cleanest way to recursively parse files checking for multiple strings

  - by fred basset

  Hi All, I want to write a Scala script to recursively process all files in a directory. For each file I'd like to see if there are any cases where a string occurs at line X and line X - 2. If a case like that occurs I'd like to stop processing that file, and add that filename to a map of filenames to occurrence counts. I just started learning Scala today, I've got the file recurse code working, and need some help with the string searching, here's what I have so far: import java.io.File import scala.io.Source val s1= "CmdNum = 506" val s2 = "Data = [0000,]" def processFile(f: File) { val lines = scala.io.Source.fromFile(f).getLines.toArray for (i = 0 to lines.length - 1) { // want to do string searches here, see if line contains s1 and line two lines above also contains s1 //println(lines(i)) } } def recursiveListFiles(f: File): Array[File] = { val these = f.listFiles if (these != null) { for (i = 0 to these.length - 1) { if (these(i).isFile) { processFile(these(i)) } } these ++ these.filter(_.isDirectory).flatMap(recursiveListFiles) } else { Array[File]() } } println(recursiveListFiles(new File(args(0))))

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• Either .each do or .all isn't working how I think it should

  - by user1299656

  So whenever someone rates a shop, I want the Shop model to calculate its new average rating and store that in the database (instead of calculating the average every time someone looks at it). So I wrote the segment of code that follows, and it doesn't work. The loop always iterates exactly once, no matter how many shop_ratings in the database exist that have the shop's id as their shop_id. I played around with it a bit and found that every time a new rating is submitted the function is called successfully, but it only runs the loop once and sets the average to what the first rating was. I don't know if the "query" that sets the ratings variable is wrong or if it's the loop that's wrong. class Shop < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :shop_ratings attr_accessible :name, :latitude, :longitude validates_presence_of :name validates_presence_of :latitude validates_presence_of :longitude def distance_to(lat, long) return (self.longitude - long) + (self.latitude - lat) end def find_average total = 0 count = 0 ratings = ShopRating.all(:conditions => {:shop_id => id}) ratings.each do |submission| total = total + submission.rating count = count + 1 end update_attribute :average_rating, total/count end end

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• Ajax / GroovyGrails Post data coming over with unexpected leading character. Who is encoding/decod

  - by ?????

  I'm having an encoding issue, and I'm not sure where to look for the problem. I have this Ajax.Request function (prototype library) sending data to a Groovy/Grails encoder var myAjax = new Ajax.Request(url, {method:'post', encoding:'UTF-8', contentType:'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', parameters:{'content':new_content}, onSuccess:success, onFailure:failure}); The data is coming in with an unexpected %A0 at the beginning: I have this simple controller that just echos the content back: def titlechange = { def content = URLDecoder.decode(params['content']) printf("Content: %s; DecodedContent = %s\n", params['content'], content) response.characterEncoding='UTF-8' render content } the debug print statement shows: Content: %A0Hello%2C%20world%21; DecodedContent = †Hello, world! Where is that %A0 coming from? My grails configuration has this: // The default codec used to encode data with ${} grails.views.default.codec="none" // none, html, base64 grails.views.gsp.encoding="UTF-8" grails.converters.encoding="UTF-8 Is the issue on the grails side or on the JavaScript side?

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• UrlRewriteFilter Direct to https

  - by adi

  I am using UrlRewriteFilter to redirect to SSL. I am running Glassfishv2. My rule looks something like this now. It's in my urlrewrite.xml in WEB-INF of my war folder. Is there any other glassfish setting that needs to be set? <rule> <condition name="host" operator="notequal">https://abc.def.com</condition> <condition name="host" operator="notequal">^$</condition> <from>^/(.*)</from> <to type="permanent-redirect" last="true">https://abc.def.com/ghi/$1</to> </rule> But FF keeps saying that the URL redirect rule is in a way that it will never complete. I am not exactly sure whats happening here. any ideas?

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