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  • How to amend return value design in OO manner?

    - by FrontierPsycho
    Hello. I am no newb on OO programming, but I am faced with a puzzling situation. I have been given a program to work on and extend, but the previous developers didn't seem that comfortable with OO, it seems they either had a C background or an unclear understanding of OO. Now, I don't suggest I am a better developer, I just think that I can spot some common OO errors. The difficult task is how to amend them. In my case, I see a lot of this: if (ret == 1) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 2) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 3) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 0) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 5) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 6) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } else if (ret == 7) { out.print("yadda yadda"); } ret is a value returned by a function, in which all Exceptions are swallowed, and in the catch blocks, the above values are returned explicitly. Oftentimes, the Exceptions are simply swallowed, with empty catch blocks. It's obvious that swalllowing exceptions is wrong OO design. My question concerns the use of return values. I believe that too is wrong, however I think that using Exceptions for control flow is equally wrong, and I can't think of anything to replace the above in a correct, OO manner. Your input, please?

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  • Why I can't get all UDP packets?

    - by Jack
    My program use UdpClient to try to receive 27 responses from 27 hosts. The size of the response is 10KB. My broadband incoming bandwidth is 150KB/s. The 27 responses are sent from the hosts almost at the same time and for every 10 secs. However, I can only receive 8 - 17 responses each time. The number of responses that I can receive is quite dynamic but within the range. Can anyone tell me why? why can't I receive all? I understand UDP is not reliable. but I tried receiving 5 - 10 responses at the same time, it worked. I guess the network links are not so bad. The code is very simple. ON the 27 hosts, I just use UdpClient to send 10KB to my machine. On my machine, I have one UdpClient receive datagrams. Each time I get a data, I create a thread to handle it (basically handling it means just print out "I received 10KB", but it runs in a thread). listener = new UDPListener(Port); listener.Start(); while (true) { try { UDPContext context = listener.Accept(); ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(HandleMessage), context); } catch (Exception) { } } If I reduce the size of the response down to 3KB, the case gets much better that roughly 25 responses can be received. Any more idea? UDP buffer problems???

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  • Modifying resource contents of a running executable

    - by mrwoik
    All, I store my application settings in a resource. When my program first loads, I read the specified resource using WinAPI. I then parse the retrieved byte data. This works flawlessly for me. Now let's say that a user alters a setting in my application. He/she checks a checkbox control. I would like to save the updated setting to my resource. However, it seems that my call to UpdateResource will not work while my application is running. I can't modify my resource data even though it is the same size. First, is it possible to modify a running image's resource data? Second, if that is not possible, what alternatives do I have for storing settings internally within my application? NOTE: I must have the settings within my running executable. They cannot be on the harddrive or in the registry. Please don't even suggest that as an option.

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  • Problem with .release behavior in file_operations

    - by Yannick
    Hello, I'm dealing with a problem in a kernel module that get data from userspace using a /proc entry. I set open/write/release entries for my own defined /proc entry, and manage well to use it to get data from userspace. I handle errors in open/write functions well, and they are visible to user as open/fopen or write/fwrite/fprintf errors. But some of the errors can only be checked at close (because it's the time all the data is available). In these cases I return something different than 0, which I supposed to be in some way the value 'close' or 'fclose' will return to user. But whatever the value I return my close behave like if all is fine. To be sure I replaced all the release() code by a simple 'return(-1);' and wrote a program that open/write/close the /proc entry, and prints the close return value (and the errno). It always return '0' whatever the value I give. Behavior is the same with 'fclose', or by using shell mechanism (echo "..." /proc/my/entry). Any clue about this strange behavior that is not the one claimed in many tutorials I found? BTW I'm using RHEL5 kernel (2.6.18, redhat modified), on a 64bit system. Thanks. Regards, Yannick

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  • Console in VS 2012 Express for C++?

    - by Live2Code
    I'm very new to programming, so be nice. I was using Eclipse for C/C++ devs for a while, but it seemed quite buggy so I was advised to switch to Visual Studio Express. I'm just testing out with a simple "Hello World" program #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main( int argc, char ** argv ) { string response; cout << "Gimme a string: " << flush; cin >> response; cout << "The string is: " << response << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } not much to go wrong there anyway, I noticed that there is no "console" like in Eclipse. All of the text pops up in a little command prompt window. And, also, this window closes right after displaying new text if there is no other things to do after it (like a cin). I have been told that I can use system("pause") but there has to be a better way. In Eclipse, the text would not suddenly disappear because the console window closed. i know this question might be a little confusing, comment and I'll try to explain what I'm saying. Or paste the codes into your Visual Studio 2012 Express Edition. But is there a way to display all of my text and whatever in a "console" as opposed to a command prompt-type window; and why does it always close before I can read the last thing?

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  • Ping broadcast on Win XP SP3

    - by PaulH
    I'm trying to ping the broadcast address 255.255.255.255 on WinXP SP3. If I use the command line, I get host error: C:\>ping 255.255.255.255 Ping request could not find host 255.255.255.255. Please check the name and try again. If I try a C++ program using the iphlpapi, IcmpSendEcho() fails and GetLastError returns 11010 IP_REQ_TIMED_OUT. HANDLE h = ::IcmpCreateFile(); IPAddr broadcast = inet_addr( "255.255.255.255" ); BYTE payload[ 32 ] = { 0 }; IP_OPTION_INFORMATION option = { 255, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; // a buffer with room for 32 replies each containing the full payload std::vector< BYTE > replies( 32 * ( sizeof( ICMP_ECHO_REPLY ) + 32 ) ); DWORD res = ::IcmpSendEcho( h, broadcast, payload, sizeof( payload ), &option, &replies[ 0 ], replies.size(), 1000 ); ::IcmpCloseHandle( h ); I can ping the local broadcast 192.168.0.255 with no problem. What do I need to do to ping the global broadcast? Thanks, PaulH

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  • Reading XML or objects from a Web service

    - by Shawn
    This is my first time working with webservices and I am a bit lost. I successfully called the functions, but I only can get one value from the service. I read that the easiest way is to read xml or create objects and then call their values. Currently I use functions that return the desired value but I need to call them 3 times to get all the data witch is a waste of time and resources. I tried to call the service with the URL and use it as a website or getting the service to work the same way without importing into the program. The thing is that i cant find a way to pass the values into the url, because of that i get only blank pages. What is the fastest way to get my data from the services? I need city name, temperature and a flag if the city is valid. I need to pass the zip code to the service. Thank you. My current code wetther.Weather wether = new wetther.Weather(); string farenhait = wether.GetCityWeatherByZIP(zip).Temperature; string city = wether.GetCityWeatherByZIP(zip).City; bool correct = wether.GetCityWeatherByZIP(zip).Success; I tried it that way // Retrieve XML document XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader("http://xml.weather.yahoo.com/forecastrss?p=94704"); // Skip non-significant whitespace reader.WhitespaceHandling = WhitespaceHandling.Significant; // Read nodes one at a time while (reader.Read()) { // Print out info on node Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", reader.NodeType.ToString(), reader.Name); } This one works for the yahoo page but not for mine. I need to use this webservice - http://wsf.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/Weather.asmx

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  • C#. Saving information about events and event handlers and removing handlers using this information

    - by Philipp
    I have an object which is creating several event handlers using lambda expressions, and I need to remove all handlers created in that object in one time. I'm trying to create some unified static object which will 'know' which handler relates to which object and event if event handler was created through this static object. I tried something like code below, but I don't understand how to save events and event handlers objects, to be able remove handlers in one time. class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var EventSender = new EventSender(); var EventReceiver = new EventReceiver(EventSender); EventSender.Invoke(" some var "); LinkSaver.RemoveEvent(EventReceiver); // ?? Console.ReadKey(); } } public class ObjLink{ public object Event; public object Action; } public static class LinkSaver { public static void SetEvent<T>(object obj, Action<T> Event, T Action) { Event(Action); var objLink = new ObjLink{Event = Event, Action = Action}; if (!Links.ContainsKey(obj)) Links.Add(obj, new List<ObjLink>{objLink}); else Links[obj].Add(objLink); } static Dictionary<object,List<ObjLink>> Links = new Dictionary<object, List<ObjLink>>(); public static void RemoveEvent(object obj){ foreach(var objLink in Links[obj]){ // objLink.Event -= objLink.Action; ??? } } } public class EventReceiver { public EventReceiver(EventSender obj) { LinkSaver.SetEvent<EventSender.TestDelegate>(this, obj.SetEvent, str => Console.WriteLine(str + " test event!")); } } public class EventSender { public void Invoke(string var) { if (eventTest != null) eventTest(var); } public void SetEvent(TestDelegate Action) { eventTest += Action; } public delegate void TestDelegate(string var); private event TestDelegate eventTest; // by the way public void RemoveFromEvent() { foreach (var handler in eventTest.GetInvocationList()) eventTest -= (TestDelegate)handler; } }

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  • Correct answer will not output

    - by rEgonicS
    I made a program that returns the sum of all primes under 2 million. I really have no idea what's going on with this one, I get 142891895587 as my answer when the correct answer is 142913828922. It seems like its missing a few primes in there. I'm pretty sure the getPrime function works as it is supposed to. I used it a couple times before and worked correctly than. The code is as follows: vector<int> getPrimes(int number); int main() { unsigned long int sum = 0; vector<int> primes = getPrimes(2000000); for(int i = 0; i < primes.size(); i++) { sum += primes[i]; } cout << sum; return 0; } vector<int> getPrimes(int number) { vector<bool> sieve(number+1,false); vector<int> primes; sieve[0] = true; sieve[1] = true; for(int i = 2; i <= number; i++) { if(sieve[i]==false) { primes.push_back(i); unsigned long int temp = i*i; while(temp <= number) { sieve[temp] = true; temp = temp + i; } } } return primes; }

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  • How do you convert bytes of bitmap into x, y location of pixels?

    - by Jon
    I have a win32 program that creates a bitmap screenshot. I am trying to figure out the x and y coordinates of the bmBits. Below is the code I have so far: UINT32 nScreenX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN); UINT32 nScreenY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN); HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL); HDC hdcScreen = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); HBITMAP hbmpScreen = CreateDIBSection( hdcDesk, ( BITMAPINFO* )&bitmapInfo.bmiHeader,DIB_RGB_COLORS, &bitmapDataPtr, NULL, 0 ); SelectObject(hdcScreen, hbmpScreen); BitBlt(hdcScreen, 0, 0, nScreenX , nScreenY , hdc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc); BITMAP bmpScreen; GetObject(hbmpScreen, sizeof(bmpScreen), &bmpScreen); DWORD *pScreenPixels = (DWORD*)bmpScreen.bmBits, UINT32 x = 0; UINT32 y = 0; UINT32 nCntPixels = nScreenX * nScreenY; for(int n = 0; n < nCntPixels; n++) { x = n % nScreenX; y = n / nScreenX; //do stuff with the x and y vals } The code seem correct to me but, when I use this code the x and y values appear to be off. Where does the first pixel of bmBits start? When x and y are both 0. Is that the top left, bottom left, bottom right or top right? Thanks.

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  • Compilation problem in the standard x86_64 libraries

    - by user350282
    Hi everyone, I am having trouble compiling a program I have written. I have two different files with the same includes but only one generates the following error when compiled with g++ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.1/../../../../lib/crt1.o: In function `_start': /build/buildd/eglibc-2.10.1/csu/../sysdeps/x86_64/elf/start.S:109: undefined reference to `main' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status The files I am including in my header are as follows: #include <google/sparse_hash_map> using google::sparse_hash_map; #include <ext/hash_map> #include <math.h> #include <iostream> #include <queue> #include <vector> #include <stack> using std::priority_queue; using std::stack; using std::vector; using __gnu_cxx::hash_map; using __gnu_cxx::hash; using namespace std; Searching the internet for those two lines hasn't resulted in anything to help me. I would be very grateful for any advice. Thank you

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  • Why I'm not getting "Multiple definition" error from the g++?

    - by ban
    I tried to link my executable program with 2 static libraries using g++. The 2 static libraries have the same function name. I'm expecting a "multiple definition" linking error from the linker, but I did not received. Can anyone help to explain why is this so? staticLibA.h #ifndef _STATIC_LIBA_HEADER #define _STATIC_LIBA_HEADER int hello(void); #endif staticLibA.cpp #include "staticLibA.h" int hello(void) { printf("\nI'm in staticLibA\n"); return 0; } output: g++ -c -Wall -fPIC -m32 -o staticLibA.o staticLibA.cpp ar -cvq ../libstaticLibA.a staticLibA.o a - staticLibA.o staticLibB.h #ifndef _STATIC_LIBB_HEADER #define _STATIC_LIBB_HEADER int hello(void); #endif staticLibB.cpp #include "staticLibB.h" int hello(void) { printf("\nI'm in staticLibB\n"); return 0; } output: g++ -c -Wall -fPIC -m32 -o staticLibB.o staticLibB.cpp ar -cvq ../libstaticLibB.a staticLibB.o a - staticLibB.o main.cpp extern int hello(void); int main(void) { hello(); return 0; } output: g++ -c -o main.o main.cpp g++ -o multipleLibsTest main.o -L. -lstaticLibA -lstaticLibB -lstaticLibC -ldl -lpthread -lrt

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  • Is there a way to log every gui event in Delphi?

    - by awmross
    The Delphi debugger is great for debugging linear code, where one function calls other functions in a predictable, linear manner, and we can step through the program line by line. I find the debugger less useful when dealing with event driven gui code, where a single line of code can cause new events to be trigerred, which may in turn trigger other events. In this situation, the 'step through the code' approach doesn't let me see everything that is going on. The way I usually solve this is to 1) guess which events might be part of the problem, then 2) add breakpoints or logging to each of those events. The problem is that this approach is haphazard and time consuming. Is there a switch I can flick in the debugger to say 'log all gui events'? Or is there some code I can add to trap events, something like procedure GuiEventCalled(ev:Event) begin log(ev); ev.call(); end The end result I'm looking for is something like this (for example): FieldA.KeyDown FieldA.KeyPress FieldA.OnChange FieldA.OnExit FieldB.OnEnter This would take all the guesswork out of Delphi gui debugging. I am using Delphi 2010

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  • Firefox proxy delima

    - by Mike L.
    Any idea why when using system proxy settings in firefox, it can not accept a proxy such as: user:[email protected]:port ??? IE will allow and connect to a proxy in this format. Not only does firefox not work, but it does not prompt for the password, nor attempt to make a connection to the proxy. Basically get a "proxy server not found" error. Anybody know a way around this? I am working on a proxy switching program for IE & Firefox, and I would like to use system-wide proxy settings. If I just store the server:port combination, firefox prompts for the password, as well as IE. Then they can be cached and it will not ask again. Maybe my only option is to programmatically cache the user/pass? Anybody know a way to do this? I am pretty sure IE stores them at HTTP basic authentication passwords and I can add them with AddCredential. After saving a password for a proxy in firefox, it shows up in saved passwords in a format like "moz-proxy://server:port" anybody know how to programmatically add a saved password to firefox? Thanks

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  • Organising UI code in .NET forms

    - by sb3700
    Hi I'm someone who has taught myself programming, and haven't had any formal training in .NET programming. A while back, I started C# in order to develop a GUI program to control sensors, and the project has blossomed. I was just wondering how best to organise the code, particularly UI code, in my forms. My forms currently are a mess, or at least seem a mess to me. I have a constructor which initialises all the parameters and creates events. I have a giant State property, which updates the Enabled state of all my form control as users progress through the application (ie: disconnected, connected, setup, scanning) controlled by a States enum. I have 3-10 private variables accessed through properties, some of which have side-effects in changing the values of form elements. I have a lot of "UpdateXXX" functions to handle UI elements that depend on other UI elements - ie: if a sensor is changed, then change the baud rate drop down list. They are separated into regions I have a lot of events calling these Update functions I have a background worker which does all the scanning and analysis. My problem is this seems like a mess, particularly the State property, and is getting unmaintainable. Also, my application logic code and UI code are in the same file and to some degree, intermingled which seems wrong and means I need to do a lot of scrolling to find what I need. How do you structure your .net forms? Thanks

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  • Python to Java translation

    - by obelix1337
    Hello, i get quite short code of algorithm in python, but i need to translate it to Java. I didnt find any program to do that, so i will really appreciate to help translating it. I learned python a very little to know the idea how algorithm work. The biggest problem is because in python all is object and some things are made really very confuzing like sum(self.flow[(source, vertex)] for vertex, capacity in self.get_edges(source)) and "self.adj" is like hashmap with multiple values which i have no idea how to put all together. Is any better collection for this code in java? code is: [CODE] class FlowNetwork(object): def __init__(self): self.adj, self.flow, = {},{} def add_vertex(self, vertex): self.adj[vertex] = [] def get_edges(self, v): return self.adj[v] def add_edge(self, u,v,w=0): self.adj[u].append((v,w)) self.adj[v].append((u,0)) self.flow[(u,v)] = self.flow[(v,u)] = 0 def find_path(self, source, sink, path): if source == sink: return path for vertex, capacity in self.get_edges(source): residual = capacity - self.flow[(source,vertex)] edge = (source,vertex,residual) if residual > 0 and not edge in path: result = self.find_path(vertex, sink, path + [edge]) if result != None: return result def max_flow(self, source, sink): path = self.find_path(source, sink, []) while path != None: flow = min(r for u,v,r in path) for u,v,_ in path: self.flow[(u,v)] += flow self.flow[(v,u)] -= flow path = self.find_path(source, sink, []) return sum(self.flow[(source, vertex)] for vertex, capacity in self.get_edges(source)) g = FlowNetwork() map(g.add_vertex, ['s','o','p','q','r','t']) g.add_edge('s','o',3) g.add_edge('s','p',3) g.add_edge('o','p',2) g.add_edge('o','q',3) g.add_edge('p','r',2) g.add_edge('r','t',3) g.add_edge('q','r',4) g.add_edge('q','t',2) print g.max_flow('s','t') [/CODE] result of this example is "5". algorithm find max flow in graph(linked list or whatever) from source vertex "s" to destination "t". Many thanx for any idea

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  • Should I be using Expression Blend to design really dynamic UIs?

    - by Robert Rossney
    My company's product is, at its core, a framework for developing metadata-driven UIs. I don't know how to characterize it less succinctly than that, and hope I won't need to for purposes of this question, but we'll see. I've been trying to come up to speed on WPF, and have been building UI prototypes here and there, and recently I decided to see if I could use Expression Blend to help with the design of these UIs. And I'm pretty mystified at this point. It appears to me as though Expresssion Blend is designed with the expectation that you already know all of the objects that are going to be present in the UI at design time. But our program generates these object dynamically at runtime. For instance, a data row might be presented in a horizontal StackPanel containing alternating TextBlocks (for captions) and TextBoxes (for data fields). The number of these objects depends on metadata about the number of columns in the data row. I can, pretty readily, write code that runs through a metadata record and populates a StackPanel dynamically, setting up the binding of all of the controls to properties in either the data or metadata. (A TextBox's Width might be bound to metadata, while its Text is bound to data.) But I can't even begin to figure out how to do something like this in Expression Blend. I can manually create all these controls, so that I have a set of controls that I can apply styles to and work out the visual design of the app, but it's really a pain to do this. I can write code that goes through my data model and emits XAML for all these controls, I suppose, and then copy and paste it. But I'm going to feel really stupid if it turns out there a way to do this sort of thing in Expression Blend and I've dropped back and punted because I'm too dim to figure out the right way to think of it. Is this enough information for someone to try formulating an answer?

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  • MPI Odd/Even Compare-Split Deadlock

    - by erebel55
    I'm trying to write an MPI version of a program that runs an odd/even compare-split operation on n randomly generated elements. Process 0 should generated the elements and send nlocal of them to the other processes, (keeping the first nlocal for itself). From here, process 0 should print out it's results after running the CompareSplit algorithm. Then, receive the results from the other processes run of the algorithm. Finally, print out the results that it has just received. I have a large chunk of this already done, but I'm getting a deadlock that I can't seem to fix. I would greatly appreciate any hints that people could give me. Here is my code http://pastie.org/3742474 Right now I'm pretty sure that the deadlock is coming from the Send/Recv at lines 134 and 151. I've tried changing the Send to use "tag" instead of myrank for the tag parameter..but when I did that I just keep getting a "MPI_ERR_TAG: invalid tag" for some reason. Obviously I would also run the algorithm within the processors 0 but I took that part out for now, until I figure out what is going wrong. Any help is appreciated.

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  • c++ tables of unions and structures

    - by newbDeveloper
    I was told to write a program, that creates a union and structure, then creates two-element arrays of unions and structures and fills their fields. I have created a union and a structure, but how to fill their fields in arrays ? #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> using namespace std; union complex; union complex{ int i1; long double ld1; } u; struct Person { char* name; int age; bool sex; void show(){ printf("name %s, age %2.0d, sex %1d\n", name , age, sex); }; } person; int main(void) { Person *o = new Person[2]; complex *un = new complex[2]; un[0]->i1=i; system("pause"); return 0; } I've tried un[0]-i1=i; but it's not the proper way to do this.

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  • Boost::Thread linking error on OSX?

    - by gct
    So I'm going nuts trying to figure this one out. Here's my basic setup: I'm compiling a shared library with a bunch of core functionality that uses a lot of boost stuff. We'll call this library libpf_core.so. It's linked with the boost static libraries, specifically the python, system, filesystem, thread, and program_options libraries. This all goes swimmingly. Now, I have a little test program called test_socketio which is compiled into a shared library (it's loaded as a plugin at runtime). It uses some boost stuff like boost::bind and boost::thread, and it's linked again libpf_core.so (which has the boost libraries included remember). When I go to compile test_socketio though, out of all my plugins it gives me a linking error: [ Building test_socketio ] g++ -c -pg -g -O0 -I/usr/local/include -I../include test_socketio.cc -o test_socketio.o g++ -shared test_socketio.o -lpy_core -o test_socketio.so Undefined symbols: "boost::lock_error::lock_error()", referenced from: boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex>::lock() in test_socketio.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status And I'm going crazy trying to figure out why this is. I've tried explicitly linking boost::thread into the plugin to no avail, tried ensuring that I'm using the boost headers associated with the libraries linked into libpf_core.so in case there was a conflict there. Is there something OSX specific regarding boost that I'm missing? In my searching on google I've seen a number of other people get this error but no one seems to have come up with a satisfactory solution.

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  • C++ overloading comparative operators for a MyString class

    - by Taylor Gang
    bool operator == (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(left.value == right.value) return true; else return false; } bool operator != (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(left == right) return false; else return true; } bool operator < (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == -1) return true; else return false; } bool operator > (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 1) return true; else return false; } bool operator <= (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == -1 || strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 0) return true; else return false; } bool operator >= (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 1 || strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 0) return true; else return false; } So these are my implemented comparison operators for my MyString class, they fail the test program that my professor gave me and could use some direction. Thanks in advance for any and all help I receive.

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  • C: socket connection timeout

    - by The.Anti.9
    I have a simple program to check if a port is open, but I want to shorten the timeout length on the socket connection because the default is far too long. I'm not sure how to do this though. Here's the code: #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { u_short port; /* user specified port number */ char addr[1023]; /* will be a copy of the address entered by u */ struct sockaddr_in address; /* the libc network address data structure */ short int sock = -1; /* file descriptor for the network socket */ if (argc != 3) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage %s <port_num> <address>", argv[0]); return EXIT_FAILURE; } address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[2]); /* assign the address */ address.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); /* translate int2port num */ sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address)) == 0) { printf("%i is open\n", port); } close(sock); return 0; }

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  • Contrary to Python 3.1 Docs, hash(obj) != id(obj). So which is correct?

    - by Don O'Donnell
    The following is from the Python v3.1.2 documentation: From The Python Language Reference Section 3.3.1 Basic Customization: object.__hash__(self) ... User-defined classes have __eq__() and __hash__() methods by default; with them, all objects compare unequal (except with themselves) and x.__hash__() returns id(x). From The Glossary: hashable ... Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by default; they all compare unequal, and their hash value is their id(). This is true up through version 2.6.5: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79096, Mar 19 2010 21:48:26) ... ... >>> class C(object): pass ... >>> c = C() >>> id(c) 11335856 >>> hash(c) 11335856 But in version 3.1.2: Python 3.1.2 (r312:79149, Mar 21 2010, 00:41:52) ... ... >>> class C: pass ... >>> c = C() >>> id(c) 11893680 >>> hash(c) 743355 So which is it? Should I report a documentation bug or a program bug? And if it's a documentation bug, and the default hash() value for a user class instance is no longer the same as the id() value, then it would be interesting to know what it is or how it is calculated, and why it was changed in version 3.

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  • Need help with threads in a client/server

    - by nunos
    For college, I am developing a local relay chat. I have to program a chat server and client that will only work on sending messages on different terminal windows on the same computer with threads and fifos. The fifos part I am having no trouble, the threads part is the one that is giving me some headaches. The server has one thread for receiving commands from a fifo (used by all clients) and another thread for each client that is connected. For each client that is connected I need to know a certain information. Firstly, I was using global variables, which worked as longs as there was only one client connected, which is much of a chat, to chat alone. So, ideally I would have some data like: -nickname -name -email -etc... per client that is connected. However, I don't know how to do that. I could create a client_data[MAX_NUMBER_OF_THREADS] where client_data was a struct with everything I needed to have access to, but this would require to, in every communication between server and client to ask for the id of the client in the array client_data and that does not seem very pratical I could also instantiate a client_data immediately after creating the thread but it would only be available in that block, and that is not very pratical either. As you can see I am in need of a little guidance here. Any comment, piece of code or link to any relevant information is greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Need opinions on LaTeX and ever upgrading

    - by yCalleecharan
    Hi, I've been using LaTeX since 2005 with the TeXLive distribution and I've been upgrading as each new TeXLive distribution comes out. In the recent years I noticed an increase in new packages, updated packages and in one instance a new package bearing a different name replacing an old one by the same package author. A LaTeX document which relies heavily on packages and which has been produced a few years back may start to get some warnings and error messages on present-day LaTeX compilation. The primary reason I switched to LaTeX is because of its reliability and robustness to create big documents easily, not to mention the adorable typographic quality. With LaTeX one doesn't have to worry about how to open a docx in an old program supporting only doc for instance. Now, when there are so much continual changes in the packages in a LaTeX distribution, I tend to wonder when will this madness end. Not that having enhanced and new features are bad in packages, but not all updated packages are backward compatible. Eventually one would like to be able to compile a LaTeX file in 10 years time that he/she is working on at present and not get any compilation warnings/error messages due to some unpredictable behavior of updated packages or due to a package that has been cast-off from a LaTeX distribution. If I understand correctly CTAN do keep a database with all packages from different versions. I would like to know how you LaTeX users handle this issue. Thanks a lot...

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