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  • /etc/profile not being sourced

    - by Marc
    For 11.04, I did a fresh install of my system. Part of that install was to install rvm, which sticks a rvm.sh in /etc/profile.d/. This doesn't work as /etc/profile (which loads each +r in /etc/profile.d/*.sh) is not being loaded. According to the documentation, the profile is only sourced if bash is run in login. To verify this, I invoked bash --login, after which rvm was available. This has worked for me in previous versions of Ubuntu without any configuration. That is, a fresh install of 10.10 will correctly source profile/.d. My question is: is there anything I'm doing wrong, or are there some new assumptions being made in Natty that have broken this? My current workaround is to source /etc/profile in ~/.bashrc (which is awful as profile is meant to load before bashrc's, but does the trick).

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  • How can I determine whether a shellscript runs as root or not?

    - by EvilPhoenix
    This is something I've been curious about. I make a lot of small bash scripts (.sh files) to do tasks that I routinely do. Some of those tasks require everything to be ran as superuser. I've been curious: Is it possible to, within the BASH script prior to everything being run, check if the script is being run as superuser, and if not, print a message saying You must be superuser to use this script, then subsequently terminate the script itself. The other side of that is I'd like to have the script run when the user is superuser, and not generate the error. Any ideas on coding (if statements, etc.) on how to execute the aforementioned?

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  • Any way to list similar commands?

    - by Septagram
    When you write the command name wrong, bash often does this: septi@norbert:~$ good No command 'good' found, did you mean: Command 'gold' from package 'binutils' (main) Command 'gmod' from package 'gmod' (universe) Command 'goo' from package 'goo' (universe) Command 'god' from package 'god' (universe) Command 'geod' from package 'proj-bin' (universe) Command 'gord' from package 'scotch' (universe) good: command not found Or sometimes it does this: septi@norbert:~$ nftp No command 'nftp' found, but there are 23 similar ones nftp: command not found Is there any way to ask bash to show these 23 similar commands for me? And, is there a way to show similar commands, including those that aren't yet installed, instead of running the application, ftp for example?

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  • How can a script detect if the user is idle

    - by josinalvo
    I want to check, inside a bash script (*), how much time the user of a X session has been idle The user himself does not have to be using bash, but just X. If the user just moved the mouse, for example, a good answer would be "idle for 0 seconds". If he has not touched the computer in 5 minutes, a good answer would be "idle for 300 seconds" The reason to not use xautolock straight away is to be able to implement some complex behavior. For example, if the user is idle for 10 minutes, try to suspend, if he is idle for more 5 minutes, shutoff (I know it sounds odd, but suspend does not always work here ...) (*)or could be another language.

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  • Help writing server script to ban IP's from a list

    - by Chev_603
    I have a VPS that I use as an openvpn and web server. For some reason, my apache log files are filled with thousands of these hack attempts: "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 404 395 These attack attempts fill up 90% of my logs. I think it's a WordPress vulnerability they're looking for. Obviously they are not successful (I don't even have Wordpress on my server), but it's annoying and probably resource consuming as well. I am trying to write a bash script that will do the following: Search the apache logs and grab the offending IP's (even if they try it once), Sort them into a list with each unique IP on a seperate line, And then block them using the IP table rules. I am a bash newb, and so far my script does everything except Step 3. I can manually block the IP's, but that's tedious and besides, this is Linux and it's perfectly capable of doing it for me. I also want the script to be customizable so that I (or anyone else who wants to use it) can change the variables to suit whatever situation I/they may deal with in the future. Here is the script so far: #!/bin/bash ##IP LIST GENERATOR ##Author Chev Young ##Script to search Apache logs and list IP's based on custom filters ## ##Define our variables: DIRECT=~/Script ##Location of script&where to put results/temp files LOGFILE=/var/log/apache2/access.log ## Logfile to search for offenders TEMPLIST=xml_temp ## Temporary file name IP_LIST=ipstoban ## Name of results file FILTER1=xmlrpc ## What are we looking for? (Requests we want to ban) cd $DIRECT if [ ! -f $TEMPLIST ];then touch $TEMPLIST ##Create temp file fi cat $LOGFILE | grep $FILTER1 >> $DIRECT/$TEMPLIST ## Only interested in the IP's, so: sed -e 's/\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\).*$/\1/' -e t -e d $DIRECT/$TEMPLIST | sort | uniq > $DIRECT/$IP_LIST rm $TEMPLIST ## Clean temp file echo "Done. Results located at $DIRECT/$IP_LIST" So I need help with the next part of the script, which should ban the IP's (incoming and perhaps outgoing too) from the resulting $IP_LIST file. I don't care if it utilizes UFW or IPTables directly, as long as it bans the IP's. I'd probably run it as a cron task. What I'm having trouble with is understanding how to use line of the result file as a seperate variable to do something like: ufw deny $IP1 $IP2 $IP3, ect Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • What's the difference between set, export and env and when should I use each?

    - by Oli
    Every so often I'll bash out a bash script and it strikes me there are a few ways of setting a variable: key=value env key=value export key=value When you're inside a script or a single command (for instance, I'll often chain a variable with a Wine launcher to set the right Wine prefix) these seem to be completely interchangeable but surely that can't be the case. What's the difference between these three methods and can you give me an example of when I would specifically want to use each one? Definitely related to What is the difference between `VAR=...` and `export VAR=...`? but I want to know how env fits into this too, and some examples showing the benefits of each would be nice too :)

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  • sed problem ....

    - by moata_u
    hello there ... am facing problem in sed command , i was trying write a bash script that do the following : 1. search for the line that contain :@ , 2.then save the line that contained :@ and replace it with new line ....as following : ! /bin/bash echo "Please enter the ip address of you file" read ipnumber find=grep ':@' application.properties # find the line input="connection.url=jdbc\racle\:thin\:@$ipnumber\:1521\:billz" # preparing new line echo sed "s/'${find}'/'${input}'/g" application.properties # replace old with new line **Problem is nothing happen !!!! * I already tried to use "${find}" instead of '${find}'

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  • can't control pianobar after using echo

    - by Ubuntuusr22222
    I have a script that starts pianobar (pandora player) and autoloads into tty2 after booting. I'm running Ubuntu Precise 12.04. it's a pretty simple script: #!bin/bash sleep 5 echo "2" | pianobar This works, it selects station 2 and begins playing... but when I try to type in commands it doesn't work (like pushing "p" for pause.) It'll show the letter for a second, then hide it. If I try to exit with ctrl+z it just sits there and I can't use it at all. If I run this it works fine but doesn't auto-select the second station: #!bin/bash sleep 5 pianobar Is there anyway to write this so it will automatically input "2" and then allow me to control from there? Or am I stuck with having to select 2 every time I boot up?

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  • Run two shell file with thread

    - by user1149157
    How i can run two file shell in parallel and do not shared the same jvm. may be i use thread but how i run two file shell bu two thread ? File 1: #!/bin/bash # # Script for running several experimentations one the same JVM # Usage : TRACE_DIR NB_EXPE Factories... # param="parameter1" another="parameter2" for ((i = 10; i >= 0; i -= 1)) do echo "run my file with param another " done File 2 : #!/bin/bash # # Script for running several experimentations one the same JVM # Usage : TRACE_DIR NB_EXPE Factories... # a="101" b="400" c="500" echo "run my programme with a b c "

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  • Git Subtree. Why can't I branch from a subtree rather than the root?

    - by dugla
    I am struggling trying to make sense of using the Git subtree strategy. My intent was to pull some disparate repos together into a little family of toy repos under an umbrella repo. I'm using the subtree strategy detailed here: http://help.github.com/subtree-merge I am pulling my hair out trying to convince Git that I want to create a branch from one of these subtrees NOT from the root. When I cd into a subtree, create the branch, and then cd back to the root, running git branch from the root clearly indicates the branch was created at the root. Sigh. I love git/github but it is maddening getting this seemingly routine task to work properly. Could someone please enlighten me?

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  • Popularity of Git/Mercurial/Bazaar vs. which to recommend

    - by Will Robertson
    Going by the number of questions on this site for these three distributed version control systems, it seems like Git either is more popular, or is more difficult (hence requiring more questions), or has more features (hence requiring more questions). Or most probably a combination of the three. (Let's say that popularity on this site equates to popularity at large.) Here are the numbers at time of writing: [subversion] or [svn]: 2353 [git]: 726 [mercurial] or [hg]: 169 [bazaar] or [bzr]: 50 The recent historical popularity of Subversion is clearly reflected by the number of questions, indicating at least a small tipping of the scales towards Git over the Mercurial or Bazaar. It's not entirely satisfactory having three competing yet largely equivalent open source products to choose from. Personally I use Git and I'm fine with the other two. But when it comes to recommending one system over the others, I'd like to ask: can we start recommending one safely yet?

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  • Can I make fast forwarding be off by default in git?

    - by Jason Baker
    I can't really ever think of a time when I would use git merge rather than git rebase and not want to have a commit show up. Is there any way to configure git to have fast forwarding off by default? The fact that there's an --ff option would seem to imply that there's a way, but I can't seem to find it in the documentation.

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  • How can I set up a git repository on windows, and then push to/pull from it on Mac OSX

    - by Eric S.
    I'm trying to set up a Windows-based web server, but do the development work on Mac OSX. I installed freeSSHd and msysGit on the Windows server, and set up a repository where I want it. I also have git on my Mac and set up a repo there too. When I try to clone, pull from, or push to the windows repo via SSH, it gives me an error, "fatal: protocol error: bad line length character" It doesn't matter what I set the remote to in my client (Mac OSX) machine - I can point it to a folder that doesn't exist and it still gives me that error. I also tried this on a Linux box I have sitting around and it works perfectly, so it's not my Mac. I have a couple ideas: Maybe freeSSHd isn't behaving correctly (as suggested here) so I could get a different SSH server for Windows - perhaps OpenSSH Perhaps I'm typing the code that combines Mac and Windows file paths incorrectly. I tried: sudo git clone ssh://[email protected]/C:/Users/[my_username]/[remote_repo_name]/.git [destination] and sudo git clone ssh://[email protected]/C:\Users\[my_username]\[remote_repo_name]\.git [destination] I'm getting the same error with both of these. Does anybody know what's going wrong? Better yet, is there anybody out there that has managed to do what I want to do (push to and pull from a windows repository via SSH)? Thanks!

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  • git: How to diff changed files versus previous versions after a pull?

    - by doug
    I'm new to git, using it via Terminal on Snow Leopard. When I run "git pull" I often want to know what changed between the last version of a file and the new one. Say I want to know what someone else committed to a particular file. How is that done? I'm assuming it's "git diff" with some parameters for commit x versus commit y but I can't seem to get the syntax. I also find "git log" confusing a bit and am not sure where to get the commit ID of my latest version of the file versus the new one.

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  • Why does Git display certain new folders when checking out old revisions?

    - by ConnorG
    Hey all - I'm still learning the ropes of Git (love it!) but the other day I noticed some behavior I just do not understand. We have, in essence, three folders that got moved into the repository at different times (one immediately after we created the repo, one a little while later, and one just recently). Recently, I had to get some code out of an old revision. I used git checkout <old SHA1 hash> to pull up one of our first checkins, when I noticed Git showed the old folder (as it should), as well as the newest folder (which got added to the repo long after the checked out commit was made). But it did not show the second folder. What would cause Git to display the newest folder with the old revision?

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  • How to prevent git merge to merge a specific file from trunk into a branch and vice versa

    - by svenn
    Hi, I am using git while developing VHDL code. I am doing development on a component in a git branch: comp_dev. The component interface does not change, just the code inside the component. Now, this component already exists in the master branch, but in a more stable version, enough for other developers to be able to use the component. The other developers also have branches for their work, and when their code is good they merge their branches back to master. At this stage I need to be able to merge all the changes from master back to my comp_dev branch, which is basically no problem, but sometimes the stable version of the component I am working on do change as a part of other designers work, but not the interface. I have to do manual git merge -s ours on that particular file every time I want to merge, otherwise I get a conflict that I need to solve manually, throwing out their work. The same happens if I want to merge changes in other files back to master. If I forget to do git merge -s ours src/rx/state_machine.vhd comp_dev before I do a git merge, then I end up with either a manual merge, or I accidentally merge an unstable version of the state machine on top of the stable one. Is there a way to temporarily exclude one file from merges?

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  • How to auto-restart a python script on fail?

    - by norm
    This post describes how to keep a child process alive in a BASH script: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/696839/how-do-i-write-a-bash-script-to-restart-a-process-if-it-dies This worked great for calling another BASH script. However, I tried executing something similar where the child process is a Python script: #!/bin/bash PYTHON=/usr/bin/python2.6 function myprocess { $PYTHON daemon.py start } NOW=$(date +"%b-%d-%y") until myprocess; do echo "$NOW Prog crashed. Restarting..." >> error.txt sleep 1 done Now the behaviour is completely different. It seems the python script is no longer a child of of the bash script but seems to have 'taken over' the BASH scripts PID - so there is no longer a BASH wrapper round the called script...why?

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  • What's wrong with Bundler working with RubyGems to push a Git repo to Heroku?

    - by stanigator
    I've made sure that all the files are in the root of the repository as recommended in this discussion. However, as I follow the instructions in this section of the book, I can't get through the section without the problems. What do you think is happening with my system that's causing the error? I have no clue at the moment of what the problem means despite reading the following in the log. Thanks in advance for your help! stanley@ubuntu:~/rails_sample/first_app$ git push heroku master Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '50.19.85.156' to the list of known hosts. Counting objects: 96, done. Compressing objects: 100% (79/79), done. Writing objects: 100% (96/96), 28.81 KiB, done. Total 96 (delta 22), reused 0 (delta 0) -----> Heroku receiving push -----> Ruby/Rails app detected -----> Installing dependencies using Bundler version 1.2.0.pre Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs bin/ --deployment Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/....... Installing rake (0.9.2.2) Installing i18n (0.6.0) Installing multi_json (1.3.5) Installing activesupport (3.2.3) Installing builder (3.0.0) Installing activemodel (3.2.3) Installing erubis (2.7.0) Installing journey (1.0.3) Installing rack (1.4.1) Installing rack-cache (1.2) Installing rack-test (0.6.1) Installing hike (1.2.1) Installing tilt (1.3.3) Installing sprockets (2.1.3) Installing actionpack (3.2.3) Installing mime-types (1.18) Installing polyglot (0.3.3) Installing treetop (1.4.10) Installing mail (2.4.4) Installing actionmailer (3.2.3) Installing arel (3.0.2) Installing tzinfo (0.3.33) Installing activerecord (3.2.3) Installing activeresource (3.2.3) Installing coffee-script-source (1.3.3) Installing execjs (1.3.2) Installing coffee-script (2.2.0) Installing rack-ssl (1.3.2) Installing json (1.7.3) with native extensions Installing rdoc (3.12) Installing thor (0.14.6) Installing railties (3.2.3) Installing coffee-rails (3.2.2) Installing jquery-rails (2.0.2) Using bundler (1.2.0.pre) Installing rails (3.2.3) Installing sass (3.1.18) Installing sass-rails (3.2.5) Installing sqlite3 (1.3.6) with native extensions Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /usr/local/bin/ruby extconf.rb checking for sqlite3.h... no sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'port install sqlite3 +universal' or 'yum install sqlite-devel' and check your shared library search path (the location where your sqlite3 shared library is located). *** extconf.rb failed *** Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may need configuration options. Provided configuration options: --with-opt-dir --without-opt-dir --with-opt-include --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include --with-opt-lib --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib --with-make-prog --without-make-prog --srcdir=. --curdir --ruby=/usr/local/bin/ruby --with-sqlite3-dir --without-sqlite3-dir --with-sqlite3-include --without-sqlite3-include=${sqlite3-dir}/include --with-sqlite3-lib --without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib --enable-local --disable-local Gem files will remain installed in /tmp/build_3tplrxvj7qa81/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6 for inspection. Results logged to /tmp/build_3tplrxvj7qa81/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6/ext/sqlite3/gem_make.out An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.6), and Bundler cannot continue. Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.6'` succeeds before bundling. ! ! Failed to install gems via Bundler. ! ! Heroku push rejected, failed to compile Ruby/rails app To [email protected]:growing-mountain-2788.git ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined) error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:growing-mountain-2788.git' ------Gemfile------------------------ As requested, here's the auto-generated gemfile: source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'rails', '3.2.3' # Bundle edge Rails instead: # gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git' gem 'sqlite3' gem 'json' # Gems used only for assets and not required # in production environments by default. group :assets do gem 'sass-rails', '~> 3.2.3' gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1' # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes # gem 'therubyracer', :platform => :ruby gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3' end gem 'jquery-rails' # To use ActiveModel has_secure_password # gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0' # To use Jbuilder templates for JSON # gem 'jbuilder' # Use unicorn as the app server # gem 'unicorn' # Deploy with Capistrano # gem 'capistrano' # To use debugger # gem 'ruby-debug'

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  • How can I sum up the lines added/removed by a user in a git repo?

    - by Mike
    I am trying to find the total number of lines added and total number of lines removed by a user in a git repository. I looked at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1265040/how-to-count-total-lines-changed-by-a-specific-author-in-a-git-repository, which had the command git log --author="<authorname>" --pretty=tformat: --numstat, but the answer failed to give a script(however simple) to total the lines changed. What's the simplest way to sum up the lines added/removed?

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  • How does git save space and is fast at the same time?

    - by eSKay
    I just saw the first git tutorial at http://blip.tv/play/Aeu2CAI How does git store all the versions of all the files and still be more economical in space than subversion which saves only the latest version of the code? I know this can be done using compression but that would be at the cost of speed, but this also says that git is much faster (though where is gains the max is the fact that most of its operations are offline). So, my guess is that git compresses data extensively it is still faster because uncompression + work is still faster than network_fetch + work Am I correct? even close?

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  • Expanding Git SHA1 information into a checkin without archiving?

    - by Tim Lin
    Is there a way to include git commit hashes inside a file everytime I commit? I can only find out how to do this during archiving but I haven't been able to find out how to do this for every commit. I'm doing scientific programming with git as revision control, so this kind of functionality would be very helpful for reproducibility reasons (i.e., have the git hash automatically included in all result files and figures).

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  • Is there a way to accumulate a commit message with git while examing changes?

    - by carleeto
    I use "git add -p" to stage my changes. What I'd like to be able to do is to accumulate a commit message as I'm examining my changes and then when I call "git commit", it is already filled out for me and allows me to make changes before I commit. Now, its easy to do with git gui by simply examining the changes and editing the commit message text box accordingly, but I'm a command line guy and was wondering if this is possible at the command line.

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  • How can I generate a git diff of what's changed since the last time I pulled?

    - by Teflon Ted
    I'd like to script, preferably in rake, the following actions into a single command: Get the version of my local git repository. Git pull the latest code. Git diff from the version I extracted in step #1 to what is now in my local repository. In other words, I want to get the latest code form the central repository and immediately generate a diff of what's changed since the last time I pulled.

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  • How do you make an existing git branch track a remote branch?

    - by Pat Notz
    I know how to make a new branch that tracks remote branches. But how do I make an existing branch track a remote branch. I know I can just edit the .git/config file but it seems there should be an easier way. EDIT It looks like this can't currently be done in a convenient way with the current (1.6.1.x) version of Git. UPDATE Git version = 1.7.0 supports this. See the accepted answer

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