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• Model a chain with different elements in Unity 3D

  - by Alex

  I have to model, in unity 3D, a chain that is composed of various elements. some flexible, some rigid. The idea is to realize a human-chain where each person is linked to the other by their hands. I've not tried to implement it yet as i've no idea on what could be a good way to do it. In the game i've to manage a lot of chains of people... maybe also 100 chains composed of 11-15 people. The chain will be pretty simple and there won't be much interaction... Probabily some animation of the people one at time for each chain and some physic reaction (for example pushing a people in a chain should slightle flex the chain) the very problem of this work is that in the chain each object is composed by flexible parts (arms) and rigid parts (the body) and that the connection should remain firm... just like when people handshake... hands are firm and are the wrists to move. i can use C4D to model the meshes. i know this number may cause performance problems, but it's also true i will use low-poly versions of human. (for the real it won't be human, but very simple toonish characters that have harms and legs). So actually i'm trying to find a way to manage this in a way it can work, the performance will be a later problem that i can solve. If there is not a fast 'best-practiced' solution and you have any link/guide/doc that could help me in finding a way to realize this is, it would be very appreciated anyway if you post it. thanks

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• Light on every model and not in the whole scene

  - by alecnash

  I am using a custom shader and try to pass the effect on my Models like that: foreach (ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts) { part.Effect = effect; } mesh.Draw(); } My only issue is that every Model now has its own light source in it. Why is this happening and is this a problem of my shader? Edit: These are the parameters passed to the shader: private void Get_lambertEffect() { if (_lambertEffect == null) _lambertEffect = Engine.LambertEffect; //Lambert technique (LambertWithShadows, LambertWithShadows2x2PCF, LambertWithShadows3x3PCF) _lambertEffect.CurrentTechnique = _lambertEffect.Techniques["LambertWithShadows3x3PCF"]; _lambertEffect.Parameters["texelSize"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.TexelSize); //ShadowMap parameters _lambertEffect.Parameters["lightViewProjection"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.LightViewProjectionMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["textureScaleBias"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.TextureScaleBiasMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["depthBias"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.DepthBias); _lambertEffect.Parameters["shadowMap"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.ShadowMapTexture); //Camera view and projection parameters _lambertEffect.Parameters["view"].SetValue(Engine._camera.ViewMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["projection"].SetValue(Engine._camera.ProjectionMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["world"].SetValue( Matrix.CreateScale(Size) * world ); //Light and color _lambertEffect.Parameters["lightDir"].SetValue(Engine._sourceLight.Direction); _lambertEffect.Parameters["lightColor"].SetValue(Engine._sourceLight.Color); _lambertEffect.Parameters["materialAmbient"].SetValue(Engine.Material.Ambient); _lambertEffect.Parameters["materialDiffuse"].SetValue(Engine.Material.Diffuse); _lambertEffect.Parameters["colorMap"].SetValue(ColorTexture.Create(Engine.GraphicsDevice, Color.Red)); }

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• Managing many draw calls for dynamic objects

  - by codetiger

  We are developing a game (cross-platform) using Irrlicht. The game has many (around 200 - 500) dynamic objects flying around during the game. Most of these objects are static mesh and build from 20 - 50 unique Meshes. We created seperate scenenodes for each object and referring its mesh instance. But the output was very much unexpected. Menu screen: (150 tris - Just to show you the full speed rendering performance of 2 test computers) a) NVidia Quadro FX 3800 with 1GB: 1600 FPS DirectX and 2600 FPS on OpenGL b) Mac Mini with Geforce 9400M 256mb: 260 FPS in OpenGL Now inside the game in a test level: (160 dynamic objects counting around 10K tris): a) NVidia Quadro FX 3800 with 1GB: 45 FPS DirectX and 50 FPS on OpenGL b) Mac Mini with Geforce 9400M 256mb: 45 FPS in OpenGL Obviously we don't have the option of mesh batch rendering as most of the objects are dynamic. And the one big static terrain is already in single mesh buffer. To add more information, we use one 2048 png for texture for most of the dynamic objects. And our collision detection hardly and other calculations hardly make any impact on FPS. So we understood its the draw calls we make that eats up all FPS. Is there a way we can optimize the rendering, or are we missing something?

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• How do I draw a 2d plane and rotate camara (To be a board) in a 3d XNA game?

  - by Mech0z

  I am trying to create a simple board game, but the 3d part of this is really killing me. From what I can gather I have created a plane, but it never moves even though I turn the camara, but that partially makes sense as I only turn the camara with a 3d model, but in my head that makes 0 sense, in my head if I turn the camara it should affect ALL my models? But with this code the camara only "cares" about the 3d cylinder, the plane is just completely still private void OnDraw(object sender, GameTimerEventArgs e) { SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in cylinderModel.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { //effect.World = Matrix.CreateRotationX((float)e.TotalTime.TotalSeconds * 2); effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } mesh.Draw(); } //cameraPosition.Z -= 5.0f; _effect.World = Matrix.CreateRotationZ((MathHelper.ToRadians(((float)e.TotalTime.Milliseconds / 2) % 360))); foreach (EffectPass pass in _effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, _vertices, 0, 1, VertexPositionColor.VertexDeclaration); } } Is there a way to get the camara to affect all models?

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• Directx vs XNA - Which is better for me? [closed]

  - by tristo

  Recently I got Visual Studio 2012 from visual studio 2010, although did not expect Visual Studio to 2012 to designed the way it was. Anyway I am pleased with some of VS 2012 technology and have moved all of my projects to it. At this point of time since I got VS 2012 I have been into making windows applications and other non-game activities. ALTHOUGH have recently gotten into the spirit of game development and I am planning to make a 3d comical game, shader effects, not too complicated meshes, but it requires alot of lighting effects to emphasise certain parts of the game. When I was using VS 2010 I had a great time making 2d games with XNA, it uses a great language, and has a very awesome system. But I no longer have XNA with me, and the workarounds described in stackoverflow always gives me errors while using xna. Anyway it seems that microsoft have stuffed themselves up with xna anyway with the weirdness of Windows 8, and it being only avaliabe on pc and xbox. Due to these reasons I have decided to work with Directx and Direct3d to produce my new game, although the overflowing credits after each directx game gives me the shivers, and the low-level coding of directx also puts me on thin ice with my games, left in a confusional mess with what decision I should make. I don't know anything about directx or direct3d. I am an indie developer, but I am planning to take on alot of professional aspects of games. I don't have heaps of time(2-3 hours a day) I don't mind the complexity of how directx works, as long as I can learn how to make the fundementals of a game in a week. I am also unsure if directx is really for my situation, and keep with xna game development. Anyone can tell me the best technology for me would be great.

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• Separate collision mesh model?

  - by Menno Gouw

  I want to have another go at 3D within XNA. What I have seen from some other games that they just have a separate very low poly model "cage" around the environment model. However I can not find any reference to this. I have not that much experience with XNA 3D either. Is it possible to have this cage within each of my environmental models already? Lets just say I call the mesh within the .FBX wall and col_wall. How would I call to these different meshes within XNA? The player would just have a tight collision cube around. To make it a bit more efficient I will be making divide the map up by cubes and only calculate collision if the player is in it. Question two: I can't find anywhere to do cube vs mesh collision. Is there a method for this? Or perhaps it is possible to build my collision cage out of cubes in the 3D app and on loading of the models in XNA replace them directly by cubes? So I could just do box to box collision which should be very cheap and still give the player the ability to move over ledges on the static models.

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• How to rotate a group of objects around a common center?

  - by user1662292

  I've made a model in 3D Studio Max 9. It consists of a variety of cubes, clyinders etc. In XNA I've imported the model okay and it shows correctly. However, when I apply rotation, each component in the model rotates around it's own centre. I want the model to rotate as a single unit. I've linked the components in 3D Max and they rotate as I want in Max. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); model = Content.Load<Model>("Models/Alien1"); } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { camera.Update(1f, new Vector3(), graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio); rotation += 0.1f; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity; Matrix rotationYMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(rotation); Matrix translateMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(location); worldMatrix = rotationYMatrix * translateMatrix; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = worldMatrix * transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; } mesh.Draw(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } More Info: Rotating the object via it's properties works fine so I'm guessing there's something up with the code rather than with the object itself. Translating the object also causes the objects to get moved independently of each other rather than as a single model and each piece becomes spread around the scene. The model is in .X format.

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• Use a SQL Database for a Desktop Game

  - by sharethis

  Developing a Game Engine I am planning a computer game and its engine. There will be a 3 dimensional world with first person view and it will be single player for now. The programming language is C++ and it uses OpenGL. Data Centered Design Decision My design decision is to use a data centered architecture where there is a global event manager and a global data manager. There are many components like physics, input, sound, renderer, ai, ... Each component can trigger and listen to events. Moreover, each component can read, edit, create and remove data. The question is about the data manager. Whether to Use a Relational Database Should I use a SQL Database, e.g. SQLite or MySQL, to store the game data? This contains virtually all game content like items, characters, inventories, ... Except of meshes and textures which are even more performance related, so I will keep them in memory. Is a SQL database fast enough to use it for realtime reading and writing game informations, like the position of a moving character? I also need to care about cross-platform compatibility. Aside from keeping everything in memory, what alternatives do I have? Advantages Would Be The advantages of using a relational database like MySQL would be the data orientated structure which allows fast computation. I would not need objects for representing entities. I could easily query data of objects near the player needed for rendering. And I don't have to take care about data of objects far away. Moreover there would be no need for savegames since the hole game state is saved in the database. Last but not least, expanding the game to an online game would be relative easy because there already is a place where the hole game state is stored.

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• Map API with Building Elevation Data

  - by Laserallan

  Hi! I'm looking for a map API where I can get detailed elevation for points. I'm not looking elevation differences for certain paths along roads on the map but actual building heights. Getting the the 3d meshes for buildings would also be fine since I can compute the height myself using that information. Does any of the map API's out there support giving out this kind of information? EDIT: Free API's are preferred but if that's not an option I'd like to hear about non free alternatives as well.

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• using a texture mesh and wireframe mesh in threejs

  - by Andy Poes

  I'm trying to draw a wireframe mesh and a textured mesh in threeJS but when I have both added to my scene the textured mesh doesn't display. Code below: I'm having trouble creating two meshes that share the same geometry where one of the materials is wireframe and the other is a texture. If one of the materials is wireframe and the other is just a color fill it works fine- but as soon as I make the second material a texture it stops working. If I comment out scene.add( wireMesh ); then the textured mesh shows up. var wireMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { color:0x00FFFF, wireframe: true, transparent: true, overdraw:true } ); var wireMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, wireMat); scene.add( wireMesh ); var texture = texture = THREE.ImageUtils.loadTexture( 'textures/world.jpg' ); var imageMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( {color:0xffffff, map: texture } ); var fillMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, imageMat); scene.add( fillMesh );

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• Prims vs Polys: what are the pros and cons of each?

  - by Richard Inglis

  I've noticed that most 3d gaming/rendering environments represent solids as a mesh of (usually triangular) 3d polygons. However some examples, such as Second Life, or PovRay use solids built from a set of 3d primitives (cube, sphere, cone, torus etc) on which various operations can be performed to create more complex shapes. So my question is: why choose one method over the other for representing 3d data? I can see there might be benefits for complex ray-tracing operations to be able to describe a surface as a single mathematical function (like PovRay does), but SL surely isn't attempting anything so ambitious with their rendering engine. Equally, I can imagine it might be more bandwidth-efficient to serve descriptions of generalised solids instead of arbitrary meshes, but is it really worth the downside that SL suffers from (ie modelling stuff is really hard, and usually the results are ugly) - was this just a bad decision made early in SL's development that they're now stuck with? Or is it an artefact of what's easiest to implement in OpenGL?

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• Subdividing 3D mesh into arbitrarily sized pieces

  - by Groky

  I have a mesh defined by 4 points in 3D space. I need an algorithm which will subdivide that mesh into subdivisions of an arbitrary horizontal and vertical size. If the subdivision size isn't an exact divisor of the mesh size, the edge pieces will be smaller. All of the subdivision algorithms I've found only subdivide meshes into exact powers of 2. Does anyone know of one that can do what I want? Failing that, my thoughts about a possible implementation is to rotate the mesh so that it is flat on the Z axis, subdivide in 2D and then translate back into 3D. That's because my mind finds 3D hard ;) Any better suggestions? Using C# if that makes any difference.

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• 3D Mesh Joining

  - by morlst

  I have 2 (or more) intersecting meshes, which require joining into 1 mesh object. I want to have some control over the resulting seam vertex insertion, so looking to write myself rather than use a library. Has anyone come across some open source code to base the algorithm on / ideas on the process? Initial impressions are: 1. Present in every 3D modelling program - mostly reinventing existing process (hence search for examples) 2. Potential for fiddly-ness around the polygon face direction and just touching conditions. (see above point)

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• Transform shape built of contour splines to simple polygons

  - by Cheery

  I've dumped glyphs from truetype file so I can play with them. They have shape contours that consist from quadratic bezier curves and lines. I want to output triangles for such shapes so I can visualize them for the user. Traditionally I might use libfreetype or scan-rasterise this kind of contours. But I want to produce extruded 3D meshes from the fonts and make other distortions with them. So, how to polygonise shapes consisting from quadratic bezier curves and lines? There's many contours that form the shape together. Some contours are additive and others are subtractive. The contours are never open. They form a loop. (Actually, I get only contour vertices from ttf glyphs, those vertices define whether they are part of the curve or not. Even though it is easy to decompose these into bezier curves and lines, knowing the data is represented this way may be helpful for polygonizing the contours to triangles)

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• opengl es transparent fog in android

  - by Sponge

  I was wondering why the fog i use in opengl es on my android phone isn't transparent when i set the colors alpha to 0. I set the background to transparent and it works fine and the Color class or the toFloatBuffer() method are working fine for my meshes but when i set the fog color to transparent then this fact is ignored. here is the basic code i use for fog in the onSurfaceCreated() method of my renderer: gl.glFogf(GL10.GL_FOG_MODE, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glFogf(GL10.GL_FOG_START, 4.0f); gl.glFogf(GL10.GL_FOG_END, 10.0f); gl.glFogfv(GL10.GL_FOG_COLOR, new Color(0,0,0,0).toFloatBuffer()); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_FOG);

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• How do I draw a scene with 2 nested frames

  - by Guido Granobles

  I have been trying for long time to figure out this: I have loaded a model from a directx file (I am using opengl and Java) the model have a hierarchical system of nested reference frames (there are not bones). There are just 2 frames, one of them is called x3ds_Torso and it has a child frame called x3ds_Arm_01. Each one of them has a mesh. The thing is that I can't draw the arm connected to the body. Sometimes the body is in the center of the screen and the arm is at the top. Sometimes they are both in the center. I know that I have to multiply the matrix transformation of every frame by its parent frame starting from the top to the bottom and after that I have to multiply every vertex of every mesh by its final transformation matrix. So I have this: public void calculeFinalMatrixPosition(Bone boneParent, Bone bone) { System.out.println("-->" + bone.name); if (boneParent != null) { bone.matrixCombined = bone.matrixTransform.multiply(boneParent.matrixCombined); } else { bone.matrixCombined = bone.matrixTransform; } bone.matrixFinal = bone.matrixCombined; for (Bone childBone : bone.boneChilds) { calculeFinalMatrixPosition(bone, childBone); } } Then I have to multiply every vertex of the mesh: public void transformVertex(Bone bone) { for (Iterator<Mesh> iterator = meshes.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { Mesh mesh = iterator.next(); if (mesh.boneName.equals(bone.name)) { float[] vertex = new float[4]; double[] newVertex = new double[3]; if (mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer == null) { mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer = new FloatDataBuffer( mesh.numVertices, 3); } mesh.vertexBuffer.buffer.rewind(); while (mesh.vertexBuffer.buffer.hasRemaining()) { vertex[0] = mesh.vertexBuffer.buffer.get(); vertex[1] = mesh.vertexBuffer.buffer.get(); vertex[2] = mesh.vertexBuffer.buffer.get(); vertex[3] = 1; newVertex = bone.matrixFinal.transpose().multiply(vertex); mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer.buffer.put(((float) newVertex[0])); mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer.buffer.put(((float) newVertex[1])); mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer.buffer.put(((float) newVertex[2])); } mesh.vertexBuffer = new FloatDataBuffer( mesh.numVertices, 3); mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer.buffer.rewind(); mesh.vertexBuffer.buffer.put(mesh.skinnedVertexBuffer.buffer); } } for (Bone childBone : bone.boneChilds) { transformVertex(childBone); } } I know this is not the more efficient code but by now I just want to understand exactly how a hierarchical model is organized and how I can draw it on the screen. Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Physics/Graphics Components

  - by Brett Powell

  I have spent the last 48 hours reading up on Object Component systems, and feel I am ready enough to start implementing it. I got the base Object and Component classes created, but now that I need to start creating the actual components I am a bit confused. When I think of them in terms of HealthComponent or something that would basically just be a property, it makes perfect sense. When it is something more general as a Physics/Graphics component, I get a bit confused. My Object class looks like this so far (If you notice any changes I should make please let me know, still new to this)... typedef unsigned int ID; class GameObject { public: GameObject(ID id, Ogre::String name = ""); ~GameObject(); ID &getID(); Ogre::String &getName(); virtual void update() = 0; // Component Functions void addComponent(Component *component); void removeComponent(Ogre::String familyName); template<typename T> T* getComponent(Ogre::String familyName) { return dynamic_cast<T*>(m_components[familyName]); } protected: // Properties ID m_ID; Ogre::String m_Name; float m_flVelocity; Ogre::Vector3 m_vecPosition; // Components std::map<std::string,Component*> m_components; std::map<std::string,Component*>::iterator m_componentItr; }; Now the problem I am running into is what would the general population put into Components such as Physics/Graphics? For Ogre (my rendering engine) the visible Objects will consist of multiple Ogre::SceneNode (possibly multiple) to attach it to the scene, Ogre::Entity (possibly multiple) to show the visible meshes, and so on. Would it be best to just add multiple GraphicComponent's to the Object and let each GraphicComponent handle one SceneNode/Entity or is the idea to have one of each Component needed? For Physics I am even more confused. I suppose maybe creating a RigidBody and keeping track of mass/interia/etc. would make sense. But I am having trouble thinking of how to actually putting specifics into a Component. Once I get a couple of these "Required" components done, I think it will make a lot more sense. As of right now though I am still a bit stumped.

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• Producing a smooth mesh from density cloud and marching cubes

  - by Wardy

  Based on my results from this question I decided to build myself a 3D noise map containing float values in place of my existing boolean point values. The effect I'm trying to produce is something like this, rather than typical rolling hills; which should explain the "missing cubes" in the image below. If I render my density map in normal "minecraft mode" (1 block per point in the density map) varying the size of the cube based on the value in my density map (floats in the range 0 to 1) I get something like this: I'm now happy that I can produce a density map for the marching cubes algorithm (which will need a little tweaking) but for some reason when I run it through my implementation it's not producing what I expect. My problem is that I'm getting something like the first image in this answer to my previous question, when I want to achieve the effect in the second image. Upon further investigation I can't see how marching cubes does the "move vertex along the edge" type logic (i.e. the difference between the two images on my previous link). I see that it does do some interpolation, but I'm not convinced I have the correct understanding of what I think it should do, because the code in question appears to give the same result regardless of whether I use boolean or float values. I took the code from here which is a C# implementation of marching cubes, but instead of using the MarchingCubesPrimitive I modified it to accept an object of type IDrawable, containing lists for the various collections (vertices, normals, UVs, indices), the logic was otherwise untouched. My understanding is that given a very low isovalue the accuracy level of the surface being rendered should increase, so in short "less 45 degree slows more rolling hills" type mesh output. However this isn't what I'm seeing. Have I missed something or is the implementation flawed and need to be fixed? EDIT: A little more detail on what I am seeing when I "marching cube" the data. Ok so firstly, ignore the fact that the meshes created by the chunks don't "connect" (i'll probably raise another question about this later). Then look at the shaping of the island, it's too ... square, from the voxels rendered as boxes you get the impression there's a clean soft gradual hill and yet from the image there are sharp falling edges even in the most central areas where the gradient in the first image looks the most smooth. The data is "regenerated" each time I run this so no 2 islands come out the same, and it's purely random so not based on noise, but still, how can it look so smooth in 1 image and so not smooth in the other?

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• Difference between the terms Material & Effect

  - by codey

  I'm making an effect system right now (I think, because it may be a material system... or both!). The effects system follows the common (e.g. COLLADA, DirectX) effect framework abstraction of Effects have Techniques, Techniques have Passes, Passes have States & Shader Programs. An effect, according to COLLADA, defines the equations necessary for the visual appearance of geometry and screen-space image processing. Keeping with the abstraction, effects contain techniques. Each effect can contain one or many techniques (i.e. ways to generate the effect), each of which describes a different method for rendering that effect. The technique could be relate to quality (e.g. high precision, high LOD, etc.), or in-game-situation (e.g. night/day, power-up-mode, etc.). Techniques hold a description of the textures, samplers, shaders, parameters, & passes necessary for rendering this effect using one method. Some algorithms require several passes to render the effect. Pipeline descriptions are broken into an ordered collection of Pass objects. A pass provides a static declaration of all the render states, shaders, & settings for "one rendering pipeline" (i.e. one pass). Meshes usually contain a series of materials that define the model. According to the COLLADA spec (again), a material instantiates an effect, fills its parameters with values, & selects a technique. But I see material defined differently in other places, such as just the Lambert, Blinn, Phong "material types/shaded surfaces", or as Metal, Plastic, Wood, etc. In game dev forums, people often talk about implementing a "material/effect system". Is the material not an instance of an effect? Ergo, if I had effect objects, stored in a collection, & each effect instance object with there own parameter setting, then there is no need for the concept of a material... Or am I interpreting it wrong? Please help by contributing your interpretations as I want to be clear on a distinction (if any), & don't want to miss out on the concept of a material if it should be implemented to follow the abstraction of the DirectX FX framework & COLLADA definitions closely.

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• Create a kind of Interface c++ [migrated]

  - by Liuka

  I'm writing a little 2d rendering framework with managers for input and resources like textures and meshes (for 2d geometry models, like quads) and they are all contained in a class "engine" that interacts with them and with a directX class. So each class have some public methods like init or update. They are called by the engine class to render the resources, create them, but a lot of them should not be called by the user: //in pseudo c++ //the textures manager class class TManager { private: vector textures; .... public: init(); update(); renderTexture(); //called by the "engine class" loadtexture(); gettexture(); //called by the user } class Engine { private: Tmanager texManager; public: Init() { //initialize all the managers } Render(){...} Update(){...} Tmanager* GetTManager(){return &texManager;} //to get a pointer to the manager //if i want to create or get textures } In this way the user, calling Engine::GetTmanager will have access to all the public methods of Tmanager, including init update and rendertexture, that must be called only by Engine inside its init, render and update functions. So, is it a good idea to implement a user interface in the following way? //in pseudo c++ //the textures manager class class TManager { private: vector textures; .... public: init(); update(); renderTexture(); //called by the "engine class" friend class Tmanager_UserInterface; operator Tmanager_UserInterface*(){return reinterpret_cast<Tmanager_UserInterface*>(this)} } class Tmanager_UserInterface : private Tmanager { //delete constructor //in this class there will be only methods like: loadtexture(); gettexture(); } class Engine { private: Tmanager texManager; public: Init() Render() Update() Tmanager_UserInterface* GetTManager(){return texManager;} } //in main function //i need to load a texture //i always have access to Engine class engine-GetTmanger()-LoadTexture(...) //i can just access load and get texture; In this way i can implement several interface for each object, keeping visible only the functions i (and the user) will need. There are better ways to do the same?? Or is it just useless(i dont hide the "framework private functions" and the user will learn to dont call them)? Before i have used this method: class manager { public: //engine functions userfunction(); } class engine { private: manager m; public: init(){//call manager init function} manageruserfunciton() { //call manager::userfunction() } } in this way i have no access to the manager class but it's a bad way because if i add a new feature to the manager i need to add a new method in the engine class and it takes a lot of time. sorry for the bad english.

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• Collision detection doesn't work for automated elements in XNA 4.0

  - by NDraskovic

  I have a really weird problem. I made a 3D simulator of an "assembly line" as a part of a college project. Among other things it needs to be able to detect when a box object passes in front of sensor. I tried to solve this by making a model of a laser and checking if the box collides with it. I had some problems with BoundingSpheres of models meshes so I simply create a BoundingSphere and place it in the same place as the model. I organized them into a list of BoundingSpheres called "spheres" and for each model I create one BoundingSphere. All models except the box are static, so the box object has its own BoundingSphere (not a member of the "spheres" list). I also implemented a picking algorithm that I use to start the movement. This is the code that checks for collision: if (spheres.Count != 0) { for (int i = 1; i < spheres.Count; i++) { if (spheres[i].Intersects(PickingRay) != null && Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.ButtonState.Pressed == Mouse.GetState().LeftButton) { start = true; break; } if (BoxSphere.Intersects(spheres[i]) && start) { MoveBox(0, false);//The MoveBox function receives the direction (0) and a bool value that dictates whether the box should move or not (false means stop) start = false; break; } if (start /*&& Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.ButtonState.Pressed == Mouse.GetState().LeftButton*/ && !BoxSphere.Intersects(spheres[i])) { MoveBox(0, true); break; } } The problem is this: When I use the mouse to move the box (the commented part in the third if condition) the collision works fine (I have another part of code that I removed to simplify my question - it calculates the "address" of the box, and by that number I know that the collision is correct). But when I comment it (like in this example) the box just passes trough the lasers and does not detect the collision (the idea is that the box stops at each laser and the user passes it forth by clicking on the appropriate "switch"). Can you see the problem? Please help, and if you need more informations I will try to give them. Thanks

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• Help with calculation to steer ship in 3d space

  - by Aaron Anodide

  I'm a beginner using XNA to try and make a 3D Asteroids game. I'm really close to having my space ship drive around as if it had thrusters for pitch and yaw. The problem is I can't quite figure out how to translate the rotations, for instance, when I pitch forward 45 degrees and then start to turn - in this case there should be rotation being applied to all three directions to get the "diagonal yaw" - right? I thought I had it right with the calculations below, but they cause a partly pitched forward ship to wobble instead of turn.... :( Here's current (almost working) calculations for the Rotation acceleration: float accel = .75f; // Thrust +Y / Forward if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.I)) { this.ship.AccelerationY += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationZ) * accel; this.ship.AccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationZ) * -accel; this.ship.AccelerationZ += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; } // Rotation +Z / Yaw if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.J)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationZ += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationY += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationY) * accel; } // Rotation -Z / Yaw if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.K)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationZ += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationX) * -accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationY += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * -accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationY) * -accel; } // Rotation +X / Pitch if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.F)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += accel; } // Rotation -X / Pitch if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.D)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationX -= accel; } I'm combining that with drawing code that does a rotation to the model: public void Draw(Matrix world, Matrix view, Matrix projection, TimeSpan elsapsedTime) { float seconds = (float)elsapsedTime.TotalSeconds; // update velocity based on acceleration this.VelocityX += this.AccelerationX * seconds; this.VelocityY += this.AccelerationY * seconds; this.VelocityZ += this.AccelerationZ * seconds; // update position based on velocity this.PositionX += this.VelocityX * seconds; this.PositionY += this.VelocityY * seconds; this.PositionZ += this.VelocityZ * seconds; // update rotational velocity based on rotational acceleration this.RotationVelocityX += this.RotationAccelerationX * seconds; this.RotationVelocityY += this.RotationAccelerationY * seconds; this.RotationVelocityZ += this.RotationAccelerationZ * seconds; // update rotation based on rotational velocity this.RotationX += this.RotationVelocityX * seconds; this.RotationY += this.RotationVelocityY * seconds; this.RotationZ += this.RotationVelocityZ * seconds; Matrix translation = Matrix.CreateTranslation(PositionX, PositionY, PositionZ); Matrix rotation = Matrix.CreateRotationX(RotationX) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(RotationY) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(RotationZ); model.Root.Transform = rotation * translation * world; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } mesh.Draw(); } }

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• XNA 4 Deferred Rendering deforms the model

  - by Tomáš Bezouška

  I have a problem when rendering a model of my World - when rendered using BasicEffect, it looks just peachy. Problem is when I render it using deferred rendering. See for yourselves: what it looks like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/690/survival.png/ what it should look like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/521/survival2.png/ (Please ignora the cars, they shouldn't be there. Nothing changes when they are removed) Im using Deferred renderer from www.catalinzima.com/tutorials/deferred-rendering-in-xna/introduction-2/ except very simplified, without the custom content processor. Here's the code for the GBuffer shader: float4x4 World; float4x4 View; float4x4 Projection; float specularIntensity = 0.001f; float specularPower = 3; texture Texture; sampler diffuseSampler = sampler_state { Texture = (Texture); MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; MIPFILTER = LINEAR; AddressU = Wrap; AddressV = Wrap; }; struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD1; float2 Depth : TEXCOORD2; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; float4 worldPosition = mul(input.Position, World); float4 viewPosition = mul(worldPosition, View); output.Position = mul(viewPosition, Projection); output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord; //pass the texture coordinates further output.Normal = mul(input.Normal,World); //get normal into world space output.Depth.x = output.Position.z; output.Depth.y = output.Position.w; return output; } struct PixelShaderOutput { half4 Color : COLOR0; half4 Normal : COLOR1; half4 Depth : COLOR2; }; PixelShaderOutput PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) { PixelShaderOutput output; output.Color = tex2D(diffuseSampler, input.TexCoord); //output Color output.Color.a = specularIntensity; //output SpecularIntensity output.Normal.rgb = 0.5f * (normalize(input.Normal) + 1.0f); //transform normal domain output.Normal.a = specularPower; //output SpecularPower output.Depth = input.Depth.x / input.Depth.y; //output Depth return output; } technique Technique1 { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } And here are the rendering parts in XNA: public void RednerModel(Model model, Matrix world) { Matrix[] boneTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); Game.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; Game.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) { GBufferEffect.Parameters["View"].SetValue(Camera.Instance.ViewMatrix); GBufferEffect.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(Camera.Instance.ProjectionMatrix); GBufferEffect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * world); GBufferEffect.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue(meshPart.Effect.Parameters["Texture"].GetValueTexture2D()); GBufferEffect.Techniques[0].Passes[0].Apply(); RenderMeshpart(mesh, meshPart); } } } private void RenderMeshpart(ModelMesh mesh, ModelMeshPart part) { Game.GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(part.VertexBuffer); Game.GraphicsDevice.Indices = part.IndexBuffer; Game.GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, part.NumVertices, part.StartIndex, part.PrimitiveCount); } I import the model using the built in content processor for FBX. The FBX is created in 3DS Max. I don't know the exact details of that export, but if you think it might be relevant, I will get them from my collegue who does them. What confuses me though is why the BasicEffect approach works... seems the FBX shouldnt be a problem. Any thoughts? They will be greatly appreciated :)

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• C++ problem with assimp 3D model loader

  - by Brendan Webster

  In my game I have model loading functions for Assimp model loading library. I can load the model and render it, but the model displays incorrectly. The models load in as if they were using a seperate projection matrix. I have looked over my code over and over again, but I probably keep on missing the obvious reason why this is happening. Here is an image of my game: It's simply a 6 sided cube, but it's off big time! Here are my code snippets for rendering the cube to the screen: void C_MediaLoader::display(void) { float tmp; glTranslatef(0,0,0); // rotate it around the y axis glRotatef(angle,0.f,0.f,1.f); glColor4f(1,1,1,1); // scale the whole asset to fit into our view frustum tmp = scene_max.x-scene_min.x; tmp = aisgl_max(scene_max.y - scene_min.y,tmp); tmp = aisgl_max(scene_max.z - scene_min.z,tmp); tmp = (1.f / tmp); glScalef(tmp/5, tmp/5, tmp/5); // center the model //glTranslatef( -scene_center.x, -scene_center.y, -scene_center.z ); // if the display list has not been made yet, create a new one and // fill it with scene contents if(scene_list == 0) { scene_list = glGenLists(1); glNewList(scene_list, GL_COMPILE); // now begin at the root node of the imported data and traverse // the scenegraph by multiplying subsequent local transforms // together on GL's matrix stack. recursive_render(scene, scene->mRootNode); glEndList(); } glCallList(scene_list); } void C_MediaLoader::recursive_render (const struct aiScene *sc, const struct aiNode* nd) { unsigned int i; unsigned int n = 0, t; struct aiMatrix4x4 m = nd->mTransformation; // update transform aiTransposeMatrix4(&m); glPushMatrix(); glMultMatrixf((float*)&m); // draw all meshes assigned to this node for (; n < nd->mNumMeshes; ++n) { const struct aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[nd->mMeshes[n]]; apply_material(sc->mMaterials[mesh->mMaterialIndex]); if(mesh->mNormals == NULL) { glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); } else { glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); } for (t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; GLenum face_mode; switch(face->mNumIndices) { case 1: face_mode = GL_POINTS; break; case 2: face_mode = GL_LINES; break; case 3: face_mode = GL_TRIANGLES; break; default: face_mode = GL_POLYGON; break; } glBegin(face_mode); for(i = 0; i < face->mNumIndices; i++) { int index = face->mIndices[i]; if(mesh->mColors[0] != NULL) glColor4fv((GLfloat*)&mesh->mColors[0][index]); if(mesh->mNormals != NULL) glNormal3fv(&mesh->mNormals[index].x); glVertex3fv(&mesh->mVertices[index].x); } glEnd(); } } // draw all children for (n = 0; n < nd->mNumChildren; ++n) { recursive_render(sc, nd->mChildren[n]); } glPopMatrix(); } Sorry there is so much code to look through, but I really cannot find the problem, and I would love to have help.

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• xna orbit camera troubles

  - by user17753

  I have a Model named cube to which I load in LoadContent(): cube = Content.Load<Model>("untitled");. In the Draw Method I call DrawModel: private void DrawModel(Model m, Matrix world) { foreach (ModelMesh mesh in m.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.View = camera.View; effect.Projection = camera.Projection; effect.World = world; } mesh.Draw(); } } camera is of the Camera type, a class I've setup. Right now it is instantiated in the initialization section with the graphics aspect ratio and the translation (world) vector of the model, and the Draw loop calls the camera.UpdateCamera(); before drawing the models. class Camera { #region Fields private Matrix view; // View Matrix for Camera private Matrix projection; // Projection Matrix for Camera private Vector3 position; // Position of Camera private Vector3 target; // Point camera is "aimed" at private float aspectRatio; //Aspect Ratio for projection private float speed; //Speed of camera private Vector3 camup = Vector3.Up; #endregion #region Accessors /// <summary> /// View Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix View { get { return view; } } /// <summary> /// Projection Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix Projection { get { return projection; } } #endregion /// <summary> /// Creates a new Camera. /// </summary> /// <param name="AspectRatio">Aspect Ratio to use for the projection.</param> /// <param name="Position">Target coord to aim camera at.</param> public Camera(float AspectRatio, Vector3 Target) { target = Target; aspectRatio = AspectRatio; ResetCamera(); } private void Rotate(Vector3 Axis, float Amount) { position = Vector3.Transform(position - target, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(Axis, Amount)) + target; } /// <summary> /// Resets Default Values of the Camera /// </summary> private void ResetCamera() { speed = 0.05f; position = target + new Vector3(0f, 20f, 20f); projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, aspectRatio, 0.5f, 100f); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Updates the Camera. Should be first thing done in Draw loop /// </summary> public void UpdateCamera() { Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Calculates the View Matrix for the camera /// </summary> private void CalculateViewMatrix() { view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position,target, camup); } I'm trying to create the camera so that it can orbit the center of the model. For a test I am calling Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); but it rotates almost right but gets to a point where it "flips." If I rotate along a different axis Rotate(Vector3.Up, speed); everything seems OK in that direction. So I guess, can someone tell me what I'm not accounting for in the above code I wrote? Or point me to an example of an orbiting camera that can be fixed on an arbitrary point?

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