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  • Haskell: variant of `show` that doesn't wrap String and Char in quotes

    - by Joey Adams
    I'd like a variant of show (let's call it label) that acts just like show, except that it doesn't wrap Strings in " " or Chars in ' '. Examples: > label 5 "5" > label "hello" "hello" > label 'c' "c" I tried implementing this manually, but I ran into some walls. Here is what I tried: {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-} {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-} module Label where class (Show a) => Label a where label :: a -> String instance Label [Char] where label str = str instance Label Char where label c = [c] -- Default case instance Show a => Label a where label x = show x However, because the default case's class overlaps instance Label [Char] and instance Label Char, those types don't work with the label function. Is there a library function that provides this functionality? If not, is there a workaround to get the above code to work?

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  • iPhone noob - different method types?

    - by codemonkey
    My apologies in advance for what is probably a really dumb question. I'm familiar (or at least getting familiar) with instance and class methods in objective-c, but have also seen method implementations that look like this: #import "Utilities.h" #import "CHAPPAppDelegate.h" #import "AppState.h" @implementation Utilities CHAPPAppDelegate* GetAppDelegate() { return (CHAPPAppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate; } AppState* GetAppState() { return [GetAppDelegate() appState]; } @end What are these? While I'm sure this is documented somewhere, I don't know what term to use in searching for an explanation of what's being done here. I like the syntax methods like this let me use when calling them, but I'm not sure exactly what I'm doing, what the implications are, how to send parameters to these types of functions, etc? To clarify how I ended up in this position, I started using these methods in a "utilities" class of mine after reading some online blog describing the author's preference for declaring these functions this way. Now I can't seem to track down a more detailed explanation of what exactly the differences are, etc.

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  • Monitoring Reasoning Progress using the Pellet Reasoner

    - by Nico
    I am currently constructing an OWL ontology, which - until very recently classified rapidly using the Pellet reasoner. However, since the introduction of several new classes, the reasoning performance has slowed to a crawl. Although the reasoner completes and the ontology does not contain any unsatisfiable concepts etc, the time the reasoning takes is unacceptable. I am currently trying to track down the offending classes/class that may have led to the slowdown. Here's my question: is it possible to log the reasoning progreess of Pellet? I.e. is it possible to produce some output that will document how long pellet has spent on certain reasoning tasks/traces how long reasoning over any given class and axiom takes? If so, does anyone have some java code they could post up? Thanks in advance for your answers!

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  • What does a Java static method look like in Ruby?

    - by Hosh
    In Java, a 'static method' would look like this: class MyUtils { . . . public static double mean(int[] p) { int sum = 0; // sum of all the elements for (int i=0; i<p.length; i++) { sum += p[i]; } return ((double)sum) / p.length; } . . . } // Called from outside the MyUtils class. double meanAttendance = MyUtils.mean(attendance); What's the equivalent 'Ruby way' of writing a 'static method'?

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  • In Sinatra, best way to serve iPhone layout vs. normal layout?

    - by Doug
    I'm writing a Sinatra app which needs to render different layouts based on whether the user is using an iPhone or a regular browser. I can detect the browser type using Rack-Mobile-Detect but I'm not sure of the best way to tell Sinatra which layout to use. Also, I have a feeling that how I choose to do this may also break page caching. Is that true? Example code: require 'sinatra/base' require 'haml' require 'rack/mobile-detect' class Orca < Sinatra::Base use Rack::MobileDetect helpers do def choose_layout if request.env['X_MOBILE_DEVICE'] == :iPhone # use iPhone layout else # use normal layout end end end before do # should I use a before filter? choose_layout() end get '/' do haml :home # with proper layout end end #Class Orca

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  • How to create file of files?

    - by TheMachineCharmer
    class Node { FooType Data; // I can save Data to file with extension .foo void Save() { // save Data to .foo file } } Now , class Graph { List<Node> Nodes; void Save() { foreach(Node node in Nodes) { node.Save(); } } } Now when I invoke someGraph.Save(); then it creates Nodes.Count number of files. I would like to appear those files as one file with extension somename.graph and be able to read it again as Nodes. How can I do this? Is there a way to bundle files into a single different file?

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  • documentation for a package in php?

    - by ajsie
    so in a folder PayPal i've got multiple classes for using their API. i want to make a documentation for how to use all the classes in a sequential way. so here is my questions: how do i create a package for them? cause above each class i used phpdoc tag @package PayPal. is a package in php just a folder? where do i put documentation for the package? there are best practices for this? a file in the folder named ...? how to put class- or package-specific examples, eg. step 1 bla bla, step 2 bla bla? thanks!

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  • Overriding rubies spaceship operator <=>

    - by ericsteen1
    I am trying to override rubies <= (spaceship) operator to sort apples and oranges so that apples come first sorted by weight, and oranges second, sorted by sweetness. Like so: module Fruity attr_accessor :weight, :sweetness def <=>(other) # use Array#<=> to compare the attributes [self.weight, self.sweetness] <=> [other.weight, other.sweetness] end include Comparable end class Apple include Fruity def initialize(w) self.weight = w end end class Orange include Fruity def initialize(s) self.sweetness = s end end fruits = [Apple.new(2),Orange.new(4),Apple.new(6),Orange.new(9),Apple.new(1),Orange.new(22)] p fruits #should work? p fruits.sort But this does not work, can someone tell what I am doing wrong here, or a better way to do this?

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  • Using FlexMock in a rails functional test.

    - by dagda1
    Hi, I have the following index action: class ExpensesController < ApplicationController def index() @expenses = Expense.all end end I want to mock the call to all in a functional test. I am using flexmock and have written the following test: require 'test_helper' require 'flexmock' require 'flexmock/test_unit' class ExpensesControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase test "should render index" do flexmock(Expense).should_receive(:all).and_return([]) get :index assert_response :success assert_template :index assert_equal [], assigns(:presentations) end end The problem is the the last assertion fais with the following error message: <[] expected but was nil I am confused what I am doing wrong. Should this not work? Cheers Paul

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  • ASP.Net Roles: Page-Level Security Question

    - by jlrolin
    We're currently in the process of re-creating a brand new security model that dwarfs our existing process. Right now, we plan on grabbing a user's roles during the login process and then using a Base Page class to check if the user has the role of the corresponding page the user is navigating to. We can limit the menu's options by the user's roles as well, but we have had problems with users navigating to pages in our system by typing them in or having old bookmarks. Obviously, we need some sort of page level access. A simple function in our Base Page class that checks the role in the Arraylist against the page's assigned role would work, but I was wondering if there was any built-in functionality to support this or a cleaner solution possibly.

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  • Disallow private constructor invocation in friend function

    - by user2907032
    Is there any way to not allow private construction in friend function, In case we do have private constructor with friend function in our class. Only Static method should be responsible for object creation and other than this compiler should flash error message #include <iostream> #include <memory> using namespace std; class a { public: void see () { cout<<"Motimaa"; } static a& getinstance() { static a instance; return instance; } private: a() {}; friend void access(); }; void access () { a obj; obj.see();//still friend function can access } int main() { a::getinstance().see(); access(); return 1; }

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  • Implementing 1 to n mapping for ORM c++

    - by karan
    I am writing a project where I need to implement a stripped down version of an ORM solution in C++. I am struck in implementing 1-n relationships for the same. For instance, if the following are the classes: class A { ... } class B { ... std::list<A> _a_list; ... } I have provided load/save methods for loading/saving to the db. Now, if I take the case of B and the following workflow: 1 entry from _a_list is removed 1 entry from _a_list is modified 1 entry is added to _a_list Now, I need to update the db using something like "b.save()". So, what would be the best way to save the changes, i.e, identify the additions, deletions and updates to _a_list.

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  • Decoding mysql_real_escape_string() for outputting HTML

    - by Peter
    I'm trying to protect myself from sql injection and am using: mysql_real_escape_string($string); When posting HTML it looks something like this: <span class="\&quot;className\&quot;"> <p class="\&quot;pClass\&quot;" id="\&quot;pId\&quot;"></p> </span> I'm not sure how many other variations real_escape_string adds so don't want to just replace a few and miss others... How do I "decode" this back into correctly formatted HTML, with something like: html_entity_decode(stripslashes($string));

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  • In what circumstances are instance variables declared as '_var' in 'use fields' private?

    - by Pedro Silva
    I'm trying to understand the behavior of the fields pragma, which I find poorly documented, regarding fields prefixed with underscores. This is what the documentation has to say about it: Field names that start with an underscore character are made private to the class and are not visible to subclasses. Inherited fields can be overridden but will generate a warning if used together with the -w switch. This is not consistent with its actual behavior, according to my test, below. Not only are _-prefixed fields visible within a subclass, they are visible within foreign classes as well (unless I don't get what 'visible' means). Also, directly accessing the restricted hash works fine. Where can I find more about the behavior of the fields pragma, short of going at the source code? { package Foo; use strict; use warnings; use fields qw/a _b __c/; sub new { my ( $class ) = @_; my Foo $self = fields::new($class); $self->a = 1; $self->b = 2; $self->c = 3; return $self; } sub a : lvalue { shift->{a} } sub b : lvalue { shift->{_b} } sub c : lvalue { shift->{__c} } } { package Bar; use base 'Foo'; use strict; use warnings; use Data::Dumper; my $o = Bar->new; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 2, '__c' => 3, 'a' => 1}, 'Foo'); $o->a = 4; $o->b = 5; $o->c = 6; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 5, '__c' => 6, 'a' => 4}, 'Foo'); $o->{a} = 7; $o->{_b} = 8; $o->{__c} = 9; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 8, '__c' => 9, 'a' => 7}, 'Foo'); }

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  • grunt angularjs doesn't process video files

    - by Daly
    I've set up my grunt file to copy, minify, uglify, revved and all that. It works fine with all media I use, except that recently I added a video to an html file, but it's not being copied to /dist, nor is the html being updated with the versioned file (that is not being copied nor revved). Not sure what I'm missing. Here is the html fragment: <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="row flowplayer"> <video autoplay> <source type="video/mp4" src="/videos/wedding_planners_bride_smallweb.mp4"> </video> </div> </div> What do I need to add to my gruntfile.js file to process /videos the same way /images are just working out of the box? Thanks

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  • Activity gets killed while executing the camera intent

    - by BlackRider
    In my app I call the system camera to take a picture, and then handle the result in onActivityResult. You know, the usual. It used to work, but now my calling activity gets killed while I'm taking the picture. Specifically, onDestroy() is called on my activity right after I press the camera shutter. The photo does get taken & saved (I've checked that the file gets written on the SD card). After I accept the photo, instead of returning to the calling activity and invoking onActivityResult, the previous activity in the activity stack gets called. I see no exceptions in the logcat. My custom exception handler doesn't get called. If it matters, my app also includes a service that listens to GPS updates, but I unregister all the receivers in onPause(). Here's the call stack for MyCallingActivity.onDestroy(): Thread [<1> main] (Suspended (breakpoint at line 303 in NewPlaceDetailsActivity)) NewPlaceDetailsActivity.onDestroy() line: 303 ActivityThread.performDestroyActivity(IBinder, boolean, int, boolean) line: 2663 ActivityThread.handleDestroyActivity(IBinder, boolean, int, boolean) line: 2694 ActivityThread.access$2100(ActivityThread, IBinder, boolean, int, boolean) line: 117 BinderProxy(ActivityThread$H).handleMessage(Message) line: 968 ActivityThread$H(Handler).dispatchMessage(Message) line: 99 Looper.loop() line: 130 ActivityThread.main(String[]) line: 3687 Method.invokeNative(Object, Object[], Class, Class[], Class, int, boolean) line: not available [native method] Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 507 ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() line: 842 ZygoteInit.main(String[]) line: 600 NativeStart.main(String[]) line: not available [native method] This is how I start the camera activity, in case you're wondering: protected void startCamera() { createPhotoDirsIfNeeded(); String fileName = "temp.jpg"; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE, fileName); m_capturedImageUri = getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values); m_photoFileName = APP_PHOTO_PATH + "/" + DateFormat.format(DATE_FORMAT, Calendar.getInstance().getTime()) + ".jpg"; File picFile = new File(m_photoFileName); if(picFile.exists()) { picFile.delete(); } // start the camera activity Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(picFile)); startActivityForResult(intent, IntentHelper.REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO); } How can I find out why does my activity get killed, AND removed from the stack instead of being created again?

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  • Conditional type definitions

    - by pythonic metaphor
    I'm sure that boost has some functions for doing this, but I don't know the relevant libraries well enough. I have a template class, which is pretty basic, except for one twist where I need to define a conditional type. Here is the psuedo code for what I want struct PlaceHolder {}; template <typename T> class C{ typedef (T == PlaceHolder ? void : T) usefulType; }; How do I write that type conditional?

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  • Convert a "by" object to a data frame in R

    - by lorin
    I'm using the "by" function in R to chop up a data frame and apply a function to different parts, like this: pairwise.compare <- function(x) { Nright <- ... Nwrong <- ... Ntied <- ... return(c(Nright=Nright, Nwrong=Nwrong, Ntied=Ntied)) } Z.by <- by(rankings, INDICES=list(rankings$Rater, rankings$Class), FUN=pairwise.compare) The result (Z.by) looks something like this: : 4 : 357 Nright Nwrong Ntied 3 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------ : 8 : 357 NULL ------------------------------------------------------------ : 10 : 470 Nright Nwrong Ntied 3 4 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ : 11 : 470 Nright Nwrong Ntied 12 4 1 What I would like is to have this result converted into a data frame (with the NULL entries not present) so it looks like this: Rater Class Nright Nwrong Ntied 1 4 357 3 0 0 2 10 470 3 4 1 3 11 470 12 4 1 How do I do that?

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  • Rails Metaprogramming: How to add instance methods at runtime?

    - by Larry K
    I'm defining my own AR class in Rails that will include dynamically created instance methods for user fields 0-9. The user fields are not stored in the db directly, they'll be serialized together since they'll be used infrequently. Is the following the best way to do this? Alternatives? Where should the start up code for adding the methods be called from? class Info < ActiveRecord::Base end # called from an init file to add the instance methods parts = [] (0..9).each do |i| parts.push "def user_field_#{i}" # def user_field_0 parts.push "get_user_fields && @user_fields[#{i}]" parts.push "end" end Info.class_eval parts.join

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  • Mock a void method which change the input value

    - by Kar
    Hi, How could I mock a void method with parameters and change the value parameters? My void method looks like this: public interface IFoo { void GetValue(int x, object y) // takes x and do something then access another class to get the value of y } I prepared a delegate class: private delegate void GetValueDelegate(int x, object y); private void GetValue(int x, object y) { // process x // prepare a new object obj if (y == null) y = new Object(); if (//some checks) y = obj; } I wrote something like this: Expect.Call(delegate {x.GetValue(5, null);}).Do (new GetValueDelegate(GetValue)).IgnoreArguments().Repeat.Any(); But seems like it's not working. Any clue on what could be wrong?

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  • Generic Type constraint in .net

    - by Jose
    Okay I'm looking for some input, I'm pretty sure this is not currently supported in .NET 3.5 but here goes. I want to require a generic type passed into my class to have a constructor like this: new(IDictionary<string,object>) so the class would look like this public MyClass<T> where T : new(IDictionary<string,object>) { T CreateObject(IDictionary<string,object> values) { return new T(values); } } But the compiler doesn't support this, it doesn't really know what I'm asking. Some of you might ask, why do you want to do this? Well I'm working on a pet project of an ORM so I get values from the DB and then create the object and load the values. I thought it would be cleaner to allow the object just create itself with the values I give it. As far as I can tell I have two options: 1) Use reflection(which I'm trying to avoid) to grab the PropertyInfo[] array and then use that to load the values. 2) require T to support an interface like so: public interface ILoadValues { void LoadValues(IDictionary values); } and then do this public MyClass<T> where T:new(),ILoadValues { T CreateObject(IDictionary<string,object> values) { T obj = new T(); obj.LoadValues(values); return obj; } } The problem I have with the interface I guess is philosophical, I don't really want to expose a public method for people to load the values. Using the constructor the idea was that if I had an object like this namespace DataSource.Data { public class User { protected internal User(IDictionary<string,object> values) { //Initialize } } } As long as the MyClass<T> was in the same assembly the constructor would be available. I personally think that the Type constraint in my opinion should ask (Do I have access to this constructor? I do, great!) Anyways any input is welcome.

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  • Unexpected result when comparing ints

    - by Raghav
    I tried to compare two ints with the following cases and got unexpected results when I did the following, @@@ was printed. class C { static Integer a = 127; static Integer b = 127; public static void main(String args[]){ if(a==b){ System.out.println("@@@"); } } } when I did the following, @@@ was not printed. class C { static Integer a = 145; static Integer b = 145; public static void main(String args[]){ if(a==b){ System.out.println("@@@"); } } } Can anyone tell me what could be the reason.

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  • Usercontrol databinding within a databound datagridview

    - by user328259
    Good day. I'm developing a Windows application and working with Windows Forms; .Net 2.0. I have an issue databinding a generic List of Car Rental Companies to a DataGridView when that list contains (one of its properties) anoother generic List of Car Makes. I also have a UserControl that I need to bind to this [inner] generic list ... Class CarRentalCompany contains: string Name, string Location, List CarMakes Class CarMake contains: string Name, bool isFord, bool isChevy, bool isOther The UserControl has a label for CarMake.Name and 3 checkboxes for each of the booleans of the class. HOw do I make this user control bindable for the class? In my form, I have a DataGridView binded to the CarRentalCompany object. The list CarMakes could be 0 or more items and I can add these as necessary. How do I establish the binding of CarRentalCompanies properly so CarMakes will bind accordingly?? For example, I have: List CarRentalCompanies = new List(); CarRentalCompany company1 = new CarRentalCompany(); company1.Name = "Acme Rentals"; company1.Location = "New York, NY"; company1.CarMakes = new List<CarMake>(); CarMake car1 = new CarMake(); car1.Name = "The Yellow Car"; car1.isFord = true; car1.isChevy = false; car1.isOther = false; company1.CarMakes.Add(car1); CarMake car2 = new CarMake(); car2.Name = "The Blue Car"; car2.isFord = false; car2.isChevy = true; car2.isOther = false; company1.CarMakes.Add(car2); CarMake car3 = new CarMake(); car3.Name = "The Purple Car"; car3.isFord = false; car3.isChevy = false; car3.isOther = true; company1.CarMakes.Add(car3); CarRentalCompanies.Add(company1); CarRentalCompany company2 = new CarRentalCompany(); company1.Name = "Z-Auto Rentals"; company1.Location = "Phoenix, AZ"; company1.CarMakes = new List<CarMake>(); CarMake car4 = new CarMake(); car4.Name = "The OrangeCar"; car4.isFord = true; car4.isChevy = false; car4.isOther = false; company2.CarMakes.Add(car4); CarMake car5 = new CarMake(); car5.Name = "The Red Car"; car5.isFord = true; car5.isChevy = false; car5.isOther = false; company2.CarMakes.Add(car5); CarMake car6 = new CarMake(); car6.Name = "The Green Car"; car6.isFord = true; car6.isChevy = false; car6.isOther = false; company2.CarMakes.Add(car6); CarRentalCompanies.Add(company2); I load my form and in my load form I have the following: Note: CarDataGrid is a DataGridView BindingSource bsTheRentals = new BindingSource(); DataGridViewTextBoxColumn companyName = new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); companyName.DataPropertyName = "Name"; companyName.HeaderText = "Company Name"; companyName.Name = "CompanyName"; companyName.AutoSizeMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.AllCells; DataGridViewTextBoxColumn companyLocation = new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); companyLocation.DataPropertyName = "Location"; companyLocation.HeaderText = "Company Location"; companyLocation.Name = "CompanyLocation"; companyLocation.AutoSizeMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.AllCells; ArrayList carMakeColumnsToAdd = new ArrayList(); // Loop through the CarMakes list to add each custom column for (int intX=0; intX < CarRentalCompanies.CarMakes[0].Count; intX++) { // Custom column for user control string carMakeColumnName = "carColumn" + intX; CarMakeListColumn carMakeColumn = new DataGridViewComboBoxColumn(); carMakeColumn.Name = carMakeColumnName; carMakeColumn.DisplayMember = CarRentalCompanies.CarMakes[intX].Name; carMakeColumn.DataSource = CarRentalCompanies.CarMakes; // this is the CarMAkes List carMakeColumn.AutoSizeMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.Fill; carMakeColumnsToAdd.Add(carMakeColumn); } CarDataGrid.DataSource = bsTheRentals; CarDataGrid.Columns.AddRange(new DataGridViewColumn[] { companyName, companylocation, carMakeColumnsToAdd }); CarDataGrid.AutoGenerateColumns = false; The code I provided does not work because I am unfamiliar with UserControls and custom DataGridViewColumns and DataGridViewCells - I know I must derive from these classes in order to use my User Control properly. I appreciate any advice/assistance/help in this. Thank you. Lawrence

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  • IconDownloader, problem with lazy downloading

    - by Junior B.
    My problem is simple to be described but it seems to be hard to solve. The problem is loading icons, with a custom class like IconDownloader.m provided by an official example from Apple, avoiding crashes if I release the view. I've added the IconDownloader class to my app, but it's clear that this approach is good only if the tableview is the root. The big problem is when the view is not the root one. F.e: if I start to scroll my second view (the app now load the icons) and, without leaving it the time to finish the download, I go back to root, the app crash because the view that have to be updated with new icons doesn't exist anymore. One possible solution could be implement an OperationQueue in the view, but with this approach I've to stop the queue when I change the view and restart it when I come back and the idea to have N queues don't make me enthusiastic. Anyone found a good solution for this problem?

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